An ethnicconflict or ethnic war is a conflict between ethnic group s often as a result of ethnic nationalism ... result in war crime s such as genocide . Academic explanations of ethnicconflict generally ... of whether ethnicconflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War , and on devising ... . Theories of ethnicconflict Image BergenBelsen4.jpg thumb right The symbolic grave of Margot Frank Margot and Anne Frank at Bergen Belsen concentration camp The causes of ethnicconflict ... schools in order to increase our understanding of ethnicconflict. Primordialist accounts Proponents of primordialist accounts of ethnicconflict argue that e thnic groups and nationalities exist ... in terms of family resemblances . ref Donald L. Horowitz 1985 Ethnic Groups in Conflict , Berkeley ... to the concept of ethnic wars as a myth because they argue that the root causes of ethnicconflict do ... region do not. Ethnicconflict in the post Cold War world Image Evstafiev chechnya prayer3.jpg thumb left Ethnicconflict in Chechnya, photographed by Mikhail Evstafiev Although the study of ethnicconflict has a long history, genuine interest in ethnicconflict beyond the comparative political science ... conflict was ethnicconflict on the rise and given that some ethnic conflicts had escalated into serious ... to ethnicconflict is whether it has become more or less prevalent in the post Cold War period. At the end ... not represent a rise in the incidence of ethnicconflict, since many of the proxy wars fought during ... 18 February 2007 ref Indeed, some scholars have questioned whether the concept of ethnicconflict ... Against the concept of ethnicconflict , Third World Quarterly 25 6 , pp. 1155 1166 ref Others have ... relations subfields has resulted in increasingly useful theories of ethnicconflict. Ethnicconflict ... resolution , conflict management management or conflict transformation transformation of ethnic ... 343 The resolution of ethnicconflict Towards a typology , International Political Science Review 13 ... more details
Cleanup date October 2007 Unreferenced date October 2009 The ethnicconflict in Nagaland , in North East India northeastern India , is an ongoing conflict, since 1993, fought between the Naga people Nagas and the Kuki people Kukis . Citation needed date October 2009 Initially it started in Manipur between the Tangkhul Thankhuls , who wanted to overthrow drive away the Kukis living in Ukhrul district of Manipur and Kukis in Manipur. The various groups involved in this conflict include, among others, several rebel groups, the National Socialist Council of Nagaland Isak Muivah aiming for a Christian religious state based on Maoism , Clarify date April 2010 the National Socialist Council of Nagaland Khaplang , aiming to establish an independent greater Nagaland , and the Naga National Council Adino . Citation needed date October 2009 The first insurgencies occurred in the early 1950s. They subsided gradually or were repressed in the early 1980s. In 1993, violence erupted again between the Nagas and the Kukis Nagaland Rebels There are several rebel groups operating in Nagaland. These include Naga National Council , a political organization active in late 1940s and early 1950s, that became separatist under Angami Zapu Phizo . National Socialist Council of Nagaland Isak Muivah formed on January 31, 1980 by Isak Chishi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah and S.S. Khaplang http adamant.typepad.com seitz madrassic park index.html . They aim to establish a Greater Nagaland Nagalim or the People s Republic of Nagaland based on Mao Zedong Mao Tse Tung s approach. National Socialist Council of Nagaland Khaplang formed on April 30, 1988 because of differences among the Naga tribes. Its objective is to establish a greater Nagaland comprising the Naga dominated areas within India, and contiguous areas in Myanmar. Naga National Council Adino NNC Adino the oldest political Naga organisation, now led ... stub de Nagaland Konflikt nl Conflict in Nagaland ta ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Nationalism and EthnicConflict is a 1994 book in the Current Controversies series, presenting selections of contrasting viewpoints on five central questions about nationalism and ethnicconflict whether nationalism is beneficial whether ethnic violence is ever justified what the causes of ethnicconflict are whether nations should intervene in ethnic conflicts and how can ethnicconflict be prevented? It was edited by Charles P. Cozic . It was published by Greenhaven Press San Diego in 1994 as a 288 page hardcover ISBN 1 56510 080 8 and paperback ISBN 1 56510 079 4 . sociology book stub Category 1994 books Category Current affairs books Category Texts on nationalism Category Ethnicconflict ... more details
Peoples A Reference Sourcebook Ethnic Diversity Within Nations publisher ABC CLIO date 2004 location Santa Barbara isbn 978 1576078235 ref There are many different types of ethnicconflict, and the vast ... . Recent EthnicConflict The Post Soviet Transition As the Soviet Union began to collapse, social disintegration and political instability fueled a surge in ethnicconflict ref Cite book last Drobizheva ... EthnicConflict in the Post Soviet World Case Studies and Analysis publisher M.E. Sharpe date 1998 ... era ref name Aklaev Cite web last Aklaev first Airat title Causes and Prevention of EthnicConflict ... Russian hegemony ref Cite web last Lapidus first Gail W. title EthnicConflict in the Former ... date 2005 url http cisac.stanford.edu research ethnicconflict in the former soviet union accessdate 2010 05 29 ref . EthnicConflict Today There are several stages of ethnicconflict, all of which have ..., involving warfare ref name Aklaev . A predominance of these instances of ethnicconflict is located ...Orphan date February 2009 Essay like date January 2009 There are many different ethnic groups present ... of conflict for centuries, and remains a major part of Russian political life today. While the Russian Empire, the USSR, and the Russian Federation were each made up of a majority of ethnic ... to the Eastern Slavs, a group which would eventually evolve into the ethnic Russians, the Ukrainians ... ref name Minahan . Similarly, many ethnic tribes settled in the northern part of the territory ... 978 0253204455 ref . Conflict between these groups varied as their interests aligned or diverged. The Golden ... Empire which would serve to absorb and unify many of the ethnic groups living in the region. Not only ... number of distinct ethnic and linguistic groups gradually formed in a complicated patchwork throughout .... It increasingly became known as Russia in reference its dominant ethnic group, Rus ref name Minahan . Muscovy was home to many distinct ethnic and religious groups, although many people still identified ... more details
wiktionary conflict conflicts A conflict is an opposition of people, forces, or other entities. Types of conflict include Conflict narrative , the literary element Conflict resolution , how to deal with conflicts among people Emotional conflict , clashing and contradictory emotions within a person Group conflict , cliques that vie with each other Organizational conflict , conflicts within and between organizations Workplace conflict , conflicts within a corporation such as between management and workers Controversy , public debates and disputes Conflict may also refer to tocright Movies and television Conflict 1936 film Conflict 1936 film , a boxing film starring John Wayne Conflict 1945 film Conflict 1945 film , a suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart Conflict TV series Conflict TV series , a 1956 American television series Games Conflict board game Conflict board game , a Parker Brothers board game Conflict video game Conflict video game , a 1989 Nintendo Entertainment System war game Conflict series Conflict series , a 2002&ndash 2008 series of war games for the PS2, Xbox, and PC Conflict Middle East Political Simulator , a 1990 strategy computer game Computer science In databases, a conflict is an anomaly that occurs by interleaved execution of transactions, including Write read conflict , reading uncommitted data Read write conflict , unrepeatable reads Write write conflict , overwriting uncommitted data Revision control Common vocabulary Commit conflict , what happens in a revision ... Conflict air traffic control , a loss of separation between two aircraft Traffic conflict , dangerous situations in transportation Music Conflict album Conflict album , a 2008 album by Sy Smith Conflict band , an anarcho punk band Magazines Conflict magazine Conflict magazine , an adventure pulp magazine from 1933 34 See also Cost of conflict , a tool which attempts to calculate the price of conflict to the human race Peace and conflict studies , interdisciplinary efforts to prevent conflicts ... more details
File Morto i Serbi.jpg thumb 250px Graffiti saying Death to Serbs on the destroyed Serbian Orthodox St. George cathedral in Prizren , International recognition of Kosovo disputed region of Kosovo Ethnic hatred , inter ethnic hatred , racial hatred , or ethnic tension refers to feelings and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group in various degrees. See list of anti ethnic and anti national terms for specific cases. There are multiple origins for ethnic hatred and the resulting ethnic conflict s. In some societies it is rooted in tribalism , while in others it originates from a history of non peaceful co existence and the resulting actual disputed issues. Often ethnic conflict is enhanced by nationalism and feeling of national superiority. For which reason inter ethnic hatred borders with racism , and often the two terms are conflated. On the opposite side, ethnic conflict may stem from the feeling of real or perceived discrimination by another ethnic group, see reverse racism . Ethnic hatred has often been exploited and even fueled by some political leaders to serve their agenda of seeking to consolidate the nation or gain electorate by calling for a united struggle against a common real or imaginary enemy. ref http www.globalpolicy.org security issues ind pak 2002 0707ethnic.htm Using Ethnic Hatred to Meet Political Ends about ethnic problems in Indian subcontinent ref In many countries incitement to ethnic or racial hatred is a criminal offense . See also Racism Ethnic cleansing Genocide Ethnocide World on Fire Hate crime Religious hatred References reflist Category Anti national sentiment Category Ethnic conflict Hatred, ethnic sociology stub is Kyn ttahatur ... more details
Ethnic intolerance can refer to the following ethnic hatred ethnicconflict discrimination racism ethnic nationalism disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
political violence DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Violence Category Racism Category Terrorism by form Category Ethnicconflict zh ...Unreferenced date December 2009 Terrorism Ethnic violence also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically motivated terrorism refers to violence that is predominantly framed rhetorically by causes and issues related to ethnic hatred , though ethnic violence is more commonly related to political violence , and often the terms are interchangeable in a local context where reference to ethnicity is considered minimal or improper. Racist terrorism is a form of ethnic violence which is typically dominated by overt forms of racism and xenophobic reactionism. This form typically involves attacks on ethnic minorities minorities , and hold an association with right wing extremism . Racial supremacist groups such as Neo Nazis often dominate the perception of an ethnic terrorist, though other violent actors associated with ethnic supremacism qualify. Violent ethnic rivalry is the subject matter of Jewish sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz s Der Rassenkampf Struggle of the Races , 1909 , and more recently of Amy Chua s notable study, World On Fire How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability and Kevin B. MacDonald s controversial works on the Darwinian evolutionary politics of Judaism. Examples PKK Pogrom Combat 18 , United Kingdom The Order group The Order , United States Ku Klux Klan , United States Hammerskins , International Serb Paramilitary groups i.e. Arkan s White tigers and many more The Croatian Usta e headed by Ante Paveli Azanian People s Liberation Army APLA , South Africa Death Angels , United States MLNQ Don Black nationalist and Operation Red Dog 2005 Cronulla riots Cronulla Race Riots in Sydney , 2005 2006 Moscow market bombing , Russia Riots in Kondopoga , Karelia , Russia in 2006 The Hedvig Malina case The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ... more details
, Tatu, http jpr.sagepub.com cgi content abstract 36 1 55 Domestic EthnicConflict and Ethnic Nepotism ... Nepotism, Ethnic Category Race Category Sociology Category Racism Category Ethnicconflict Category ...globalize date December 2010 Ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied on the ethnic level explained by nepotism for people with similar genes. The theory Ethnic nepotism also see nepotism is a concept in sociobiology to explain why people prefer other ... Hamilton s theory of kin selection , ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied on the ethnic level. The term was coined by sociologist Pierre ... kin and an extension of kin selection . In other words, ethnic nepotism points toward a biological ... of common descent , proposed by many social scientists as a prominent ethnic marker, is in his ... name Dennen2000 Book review of Vanhanen Ethnic Conflicts , Johan M.G. van der Dennen, Human Ethology ... shows that it is theoretically possible to defend ethnic genetic interests in an adaptive manner, even ... in public goods, indicating a higher level of public altruism. For example, the degree of ethnic homogeneity ... of citizens. Case studies of the United States, Africa and South East Asia find that multi ethnic ... has complemented kin selection and ethnic nepotism by his genetic similarity theory which proposes ... B ecause fellow ethnics carry copies of the same genes, ethnic consciousness is rooted in the biology of altruism and mutual reciprocity. Thus ethnic nationalism, xenophobia and genocide can become ... have a greater concentration of genetic interest inclusive tness in their own ethnic group than they do in other ethnic groups, they can be expected to adopt ideas that promote their group over others ..., J. Philipe, http www.charlesdarwinresearch.org Nations 20and 20Nationalism 2005.pdf Ethnic Nationalism .... 2005. ref blockquote Ethnic nepotism might thus help to interpret phenomena like hooliganism , nationalism ... more details
Politics and race Category Ethnicity in politics Category Political theories Category Ethnicconflict ...Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity . Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of Kinship descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism , i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over time. The central theme of ethnic nationalists ... faith, and a common ethnic ancestry. ref name ReferenceA Muller, Jerry Z. Us and Them. Current ... political tenet of ethnic nationalism is that ethnic group s can be identified unambiguously, and that each ... a common nation based upon ethnicity. In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism . Ethnic nationalism bases membership of the nation on descent or heredity ... states with strong traditions of ethnic nationalism tend to define nationality or citizenship ... of soil, birth within the nation state . Ethnic nationalism is therefore seen as exclusive, while civic ..., then, ethnic nationalism tends to emphasise narratives of common descent. The theorist Anthony D. Smith uses the term ethnic nationalism for non Western culture Western concepts of nationalism ... 14 1 171 190. DOI 10.1111 j.1469 8129.2008.00323.x ref Ethnic nationalism is also present ... dominant ethnic group, if desired. ref name ReferenceA For example, Italy allows citizenship ... to ethnic Germans e.g. descendents of Germans living in the former Soviet Union . According to the Greek ... nationalism . A nation state for the ethnic group derives political legitimacy from its status as homeland of that ethnic group, from its protective function against colonization , persecution or racism ... possible under the ethnic group s previous status as an ethnic minority . See also Ethnic group Identity politics Diaspora politics Essentialism Nationalism Ethnic nepotism Ethnocentrism Ethnocracy ... more details
conflict , and the expulsion of Volksdeutsche ethnic Germans from former German territories during and after ...Distinguish Genocide Cleanup date January 2010 Discrimination sidebar Ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas. Commission ..., Paragraph 130 ref An earlier draft by the Commission of Experts described ethnic cleansing as the planned deliberate removal from a specific territory, persons of a particular ethnic group , by force ... describing the policy and practices conducted in the former Yugoslavia, ethnic cleansing has ... ga search view doc.asp?symbol S 1994 674 S 1994 674 , English page 33, Paragraph 129 ref Ethnic ... considers both as existing in a spectrum of assaults on nations or religio ethnic groups. Ethnic ... murder of part or all of a particular ethnic, religious, or national group. ref name Schabas Schabas ... false ref The idea in ethnic cleansing is to get people to move, and the means used to this end range ... Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe, Cambridge Harvard University Press. http books.google.com ... as a subset of murderous ethnic cleansing. ref name Mann Mann M., 2005,The Dark Side of Democracy Explaining Ethnic Cleansing, Cambridge Cambridge University Press. http books.google.com books?id cGHGPgj1 ... are different, but related, literally and figuratively, ethnic cleansing bleeds into genocide ..., Theoretical Paper Ethnic Cleansing, Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence http www.massviolence.org Ethnic Cleansing ref Synonyms include ethnic purification . ref Drazen Petrovic, http www.ejil.org journal Vol5 No3 art3.html Ethnic Cleansing An Attempt at Methodology , European Journal of International ... of ethnic cleansing is rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using force or intimidation to remove from a given area persons of another ethnic or religious group. ref cite journal doi 10.2307 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An ethnic majority refers to a condition in which a particular ethnic group comprises the majority of a particular population. It is frequently based on genealogy . For example, we can refer to the Caucasian race , or the Asian race , or the black race . However, it can also refer to a commonality in cultural or religious practices, as well as linguistic or behavioral practices. For more information, refer to majority , minority group minority , and or ethnicity . See also Ethnic elite DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Majority Category Ethnicity ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Globalize date December 2010 An ethnic elite refers to an ethnic group which in a local context has gained a position of economic and power over that of other groups. Ethnic elitism elites may also foster ideologies and beliefs which serve to sustain their relative power. The ethnic elite may be divided in two basic ways &mdash either an elite ethnic majority or an elite ethnic minority . The term Market dominant minorities market dominant minority has also been used. See also Minority rights Dominant minority Minoritarianism Ethnocracy Sinocentrism Chinese Indonesians White Latin Americans References references DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Elite Category Ethnicity Culture stub Ethno stub ... more details
Ethnic Chinese may refer to Han Chinese , the dominant ethnic group in the People s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macao, the Republic of China Taiwan and Singapore. Overseas Chinese , people of Chinese birth or descent living outside of China, generally assumed to be part of the above Han group, although there are also people with non Han ancestry from China. Zhonghua minzu , the umbrella term to refer to all ethnic groups native to China. See also List of ethnic groups in China groups within the People s Republic of China PRC and the Republic of China ROC, Taiwan . disambig ... more details
Ethnic history is a branch of social history that studies ethnic groups and immigrants. Barkan 2007 argues ... policies and decisions, and, especially, develop compassion for the ethnic and gender groups under study Defining the field Ethnic history is especially important in the U.S. and Canada. Oscar Handlin ... and sponsor of ethnic historiography. Handlin s Pulitzer prize winning interpretation, The Uprooted 1951 was highly influential. ref Oscar Handlin and Mary F. Handlin, The New History and the Ethnic .... ref Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 1980 http books.google.com ... looks at the historiography of Canadian ethnic history and finds to alternative methodologies. One ... phenomenon and integrates it into the mainstream of Canadian culture. ref Roberto Perin, Clio as Ethnic ... 4, pp441 467 ref A significant trend has been to integrate ethnic history with other new historiographical ... history or women s history . Organizations The Immigration and Ethnic History Society was formed ... immigration ethnic his soc.htm Immigration and Ethnic History Society ref The American Conference ... Society is the oldest ethnic society, founded in 1892 it has 3,300 members and publishes American ... twice each year. ref See http www.polishamericanstudies.org index.html PAHA website ref H ETHNIC ... globally. ref see http www.h net.org ethnic H ETHNIC website ref See also Emigration from Europe European American White Latin American Ethnic groups in the Middle East Historical immigration ... States Languages of Europe List of ethnic groups Notes references Bibliography Barkan, Elliott ... ethnic Research, Journal of American Ethnic History, Jan 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp 85 99 Gabaccia, Donna ... experts, covering both Catholics and Protestants. Hoerder, Dirk. Ethnic studies in Canada from the 1880s to 1962 A historiographical perspective and critique, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 1994, Vol. 26 Issue 1, pp 1 18 Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide A Ready Reference Handbook, 1998 , ISBN 978 ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 New unreviewed article source ArticleWizard date December 2010 Ethnic Media Ethnic Media is media fashioned with a particular ethnic minority group or ethnic minority community, in mind. Academic Yu Shi tenders an operational definition for ethnic media Ethnic media are often regarded as media by and for ethnics in a host country with content in ethnic languages. ref Shi, Yu. 2009, p. 599 . Re evaluating the alternative role of ethnic media in the US the case of Chinese language press and working class women readers. Sage Publications. ref Shi also adds, ethnic media can be published by big ethnic media groups and by small organic ethnic communities , as well. ref Shi ... any sort of publication that caters to a specific ethnic community. And it could be in language ... as ethnic media, academic John D.H. Downing adds musical culture and forms of religious expression to the ethnic media mix. Downing finds, these may, along with language and dialect, act as a media ... between the ethnic majority and ethnic minorities. ref Downing, John. 2001, p. 82 . Radical Media Rebellious ... that ethnic media tends to circulate, within at least three different sectors, namely, indigenous nations and communities, recent migrants and settled subordinate ethnic groups. ref Downing, John. 2001 .... ref Ethnic Media as Alternative Media Analogous to the debate as to what qualifying factors constitute Alternative Media, the domain of what qualifying factors that classify a respective ethnic media outlet as an alternative media outlet is also, at play. Thus, Ethnic Media is not by definitional ... ethnic media outlet qualifies as an alternative media outlet is dependent upon the outstanding ... a seven pronged test for evaluating the alternative media role of ethnic media in the United States .... ref Shi, Yu. 2009, p. 600 . Re evaluating the alternative role of ethnic media in the US the case of Chinese language press and working class women readers. Sage Publications. ref Examples of Ethnic ... more details
Forms of government Ethnic democracy is a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant ethnic group and the minority ethnic groups have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. Ethnic .... Nor is an ethnic democracy a Herrenvolk democracy which is by definition a democracy officially limited to the core ethnic nation only. ref name smooha Smooha , S. The model of ethnic democracy Israel ... The term ethnic democracy was introduced by University of Haifa sociologist Sammy Smooha in a book published in 1989. ref Smooha , S. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 13.pdf The model of ethnic ... Smooha defines eight features that are the core elements of his model of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit Priit J rve. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 7.pdf Ethnic Democracy and Estonia , European Centre for Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper 13, 2000. ref Ethnic nationalism installs a single core ethnic nation in the state. The state separates membership in the single core ethnic nation from citizenship. The state is owned and ruled by the core ethnic nation. The state mobilises the core ethnic nation. Non core groups are accorded incomplete individual and collective rights .... Smooha also defines ten conditions that can lead to the establishment of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit The core ethnic nation constitutes a solid numerical majority. The non core population constitutes a significant minority. The core ethnic nation has a commitment to democracy. The core ethnic ... into more than one ethnic group. The core ethnic nation has a sizeable, supportive Diaspora. The homelands ... democratic ethnic state has taken place. Applicability of the model The model has been applied by researchers ... Sammy Smooha contends that Israel is a model or archetypical ethnic democracy. ref name smooha ref S Smooha, http img2.tapuz.co.il CommunaFiles 32398285.pdf Ethnic democracy Israel as an archetype ... more details
Ethnic studies is the interdisciplinary study of racialized peoples in the across the world in relation ... studies , and orientalism were imbued with an inherently eurocentric perspective. Ethnic Studies ... terms. History In the United States , the field of Ethnic Studies evolved out of the American Civil ... American s, and Native Americans in the United States American Indians . Ethnic Studies departments ... for Ethnic Studies occurred in 1968, led by Third World Liberation Front, a joint effort of the Afro ... of a School of Ethnic Studies, when President S.I. Hayakawa ended the strike by taking a hardline approach, appointed Dr. James Hirabayashi the first dean of the School now College of Ethnic ... s demands. In 1972, The National Association for Ethnic Studies was founded to foster interdisciplinary ... of ethnicity. Berkeley also conceded and President Hitch approved a department of Ethnic Studies in 1969. Courses in Ethnic Studies tried to address the criticism that the role of Asian Americans ... centric bias. Ethnic Studies also often encompasses issues of gender, class, and sexuality. There are now ... fifty Native American Studies departments, and a small number of comparative Ethnic Studies programs. Ethnic Studies as an institutional discipline varies by location. For instance, whereas the Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley comprises separate core group departments, the department ... 4209bd8f7f02c While early Ethnic Studies scholarship focused on the previously repressed histories ... of color. Instead of including whites as another additive component to the Ethnic Studies, whiteness ... conditions which shaped and created race in the first place. Today, what constitutes Ethnic Studies ... in the humanities and social sciences. In general, an Ethnic Studies approach is loosely defined .... Criticism Ethnic Studies has always been opposed by different elements. Proponents of Ethnic Studies ... they object to is the current state of Ethnic Studies which they see as characterized by excessive ... more details
Discrimination sidebar An ethnic stereotype is a generalized representation of an ethnic group , composed of what are thought to be typical characteristics of members of the group. Ethnic stereotypes are commonly portrayed in ethnic joke s. Ethnic stereotypes Image National stereotypes.jpg thumb 250px right A 19th century children s literature children s book informs its readers that the Dutch people Dutch are a very industrious race , and that China Chinese children are very obedient to their parents . Stereotypes of African Americans African Americans Stereotypes of Argentines Argentines Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States East Asians Anti Japanese sentiment Japanese Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans Hispanics and Latinos Stereotypes of Native Americans Native Americans Stereotypes of South Asians South Asians Western stereotypes of West and Central Asians West and Central Asians Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims Arabs Stereotypes of Jews Jews Anti Iranian sentiment Persians Stereotypes of white people White people Anti Irish racism Irish Anti Italianism Italians Anti Polonism Polish people Anti French sentiment French people Anti Chilean sentiment Chileans See also Cross race effect Mores Racism Stereotype List of ethnic slurs List of archetypal names Niggas vs. Black People References Al , Maurizio. 2010 . http ww.razonypalabra.org.mx N N74 VARIA74 23AliV74.pdf Medios de comunicaci n, asuntos tnicos e intercultura en Colombia . En Revista Raz n y Palabra, 74 nov.2010 ene.2011 . M xico DF ITESM Campus Estado de M xico. ISSN 1605 4806. cite journal author Terracciano A, Abdel Khalek AM, Ad m N, et al. title National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures journal Science volume 310 issue 5745 pages 96 100 year 2005 month Oct pmid 16210536 doi 10.1126 science.1117199 pmc 2775052 Ethnic stereotypes Ethnicity DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Stereotype Category Sociology Category Ethnic and racial stereotypes pl Stereotyp etniczny ... more details
Ethnic Vietnamese may mean Vi t Ki u or Overseas Vietnamese , referring to people of Vietnamese descent not living in Vietnam Vietnamese people , referring to people of Vietnamese descent without restriction disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2010 The concept of ethnic origin is an attempt to classify people, not according to their current nationality , but according to where their ancestors came from. For example somebody living in a monocultural environment, speaking English for example and clearly a member of an English speaking cultural milieu, may be descended from immigrants speaking some other language and still participate in some of aspects their culture. Ethnic origin has become a popular classification in statistics , where the concept of Race classification of human beings races has been largely discarded since World War II , for various reasons. A reaction against the abuses of the Nazism Nazis and apartheid made it hard to collect, store or publish racial data Citation needed date February 2010 . Social scientists in general have lost interest in race as useful concept of study Citation needed date February 2010 , with many other differences between population groups more significant. However the relative prosperity of distinguishable groups remain of interest in public policy discussions. In the US, however, the use of the term race is still current. The Race U.S. census census asks questions about race, though the classification used is no different from what would be termed ethnic origin elsewhere Citation needed date February 2010 . The concept of ethnic origin in practice may seem arbitrary and without a rigorous definition of how to assign a person to the particular categories. If a person was asked for their ethnic origin and answered how do I tell what ethnic origin ... different ethnic origins. The answer of interest to the questioner is probably whether the person considers themselves to be a member of a particular ethnic subdivision of society, or are considered .... This raises the question of whether ethnic origin is just another term for ethnic group Citation ... Ethnic stub ... more details
Original research date September 2009 An ethnic flag is a flag that symbol izes a certain ethnic group . Ethnic flags are often introduced to the ethnic community through the respective cultural or political ethnic movements. In many cases, they have ancient origins, or, at least, they are inspired by symbols rooted in historical and cultural tradition of a people. They are popular among ethnic minorities and some ethnic majorities, especially in multiethnic countries. An ethnic flag can be either recognized or not by the central government. Some ethnic flags are banned by the central governments ..., the Druze are a religious and cultural group rather than a distinct ethnic group. ref Syria ... ethnic riots until 1980. Finally FOTW shows other three flags that are not supported by any source ... 303 . On this book, the ethnic flag of the Sindhis is shown as being a banner with no insignia ... br This is the flag of Jammu and Kashmir and the ethnic flag of the Kashmiris Citation needed date ... are not properly ethnic flags. In fact, each of them does not represent a single ethnic group, rather these flags represent several ethnic groups which claim freedom and independence for the territories ... needed date April 2010 Flag entry Width 200 Image Flag of Moravia.svg Caption Moravians ethnic ... ethnic flag ref cite web url http flagspot.net flags ba use.html ob title Observations of Flags in Bosnia ... 2 which are reported improperly, in the second case as Bosniak ethnic flags ref cite web url http ... Caption Macedonians ethnic group Slavomacedonians ref citation last Danforth first Loring authorlink Loring Danforth title The Macedonian Conflict accessdate 2010 04 01 year 1995 publisher Princeton University ... ref Crimea , Demographics of Turkey Ethnic groups Turkey , Demographics of Uzbekistan Ethnic groups ... Image Erzya Flag.svg Caption Mordvins Ethnic structure Erzyans ref cite web url http www.crwflags.com fotw flags ru mo.html erz title Erzian ethnic flag accessdate June 12, 2010 publisher Flags of the World ... more details
An ethnic joke is a humorous remark relating to an ethnic, racial or cultural group, often referring to a ethnic stereotype stereotype of the group in question for its punchline. Ethnic jokes have been ... of ethnic identity appeared. Jokes feed upon difference and distinctions not only ethnic, of course and if one of the functions of ethnic jokes is to ridicule and depreciate these in out groups, another function is to maintain and strengthen a sense of one s identity in some in group. It may be that ethnic ... books?id aZkRJJnc6BUC&pg PA57&dq Davies, Christie. Ethnic Humor&source gbs toc r&cad 0 0 PPA67,M1 title An Anatomy of Humor ref Ethnic jokes are often considered to be offensive and as a form ... or ethnic group. Citation needed date May 2010 Ethnic jokes come and go with social change , particularly ... that Polish Americans are one of the most economically successful ethnic groups in the US. In 2010 ... cases the ethnic jokes are addressed against those who are historically seen as the aggressors, like ... date May 2010 As public awareness of racism has increased, racial and ethnic jokes have become increasingly ... be variously funny or offending to some extent. Many comedians from diverse ethnic backgrounds do this on a regular ... laugh on ethnic jokes publisher MSNBC ref However, it is claimed by some that ethnic jokes have ... find racist jokes funny? publisher BBC News date 2002 05 07 accessdate 2009 01 22 ref and some ethnic jokes deliberately try to prove their point, for instance cquote2 Q How does every ethnic joke start? br A With a look over your shoulder. Racial targets Ethnicity Ethnic jokes are often aimed at minorities within certain regions, or peoples from neighbouring areas. A common ethnic joke format is the stupid person joke, where the stock character , who is the butt of the joke, belongs to an ethnic ... 2010 In other ethnic jokes, the targeted ethnic group is one that has historically been associated ... target of ethnic jokes within Europe and North America. Citation needed date April 2008 . Some ethnic ... more details
Ethnic Bulgarians may mean Bulgarian people , when referring to people of Bulgarian descent Bulgarian diaspora , when referring to people of Bulgarian descent not living in Bulgaria See also Bulgarians disambig Long comment to prevent listing under short articles ... more details
White ethnic is a term used in United States sociology to refer to Definitions of whiteness in the United States whites who are not of northwestern European background. ref name Marger2008p282quote cite book last Marger first Martin N. year 2008 title Race and Ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives publisher Cengage Learning edition 8 isbn 0 495 50436 X page 282 Religion is the most critical factor in separating white ethnics in American society. As Catholics and secondarily Jews ... they were immediately set apart from the Protestant majority at the time of their entrance and given a strongly negative reception. ref They consist of a number of distinct groups, and within the United States make up approximately 9.4 of the population. ref name Marger2008p281 cite book last Marger first Martin N. year 2008 title Race and Ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives publisher Cengage Learning edition 8 isbn 0 495 50436 X page 281 ref Only once in the United States Census the 1970 US Census was there an official demographic survey of white ethnics and it found about 19 million out of the then 200 million people claimed white ethnic ancestry. Citation needed date April 2010 The term white ethnic almost always carried the connotation of being blue collar , Northeastern United States northeastern or Midwestern United States Midwestern . The term generally refers to white ... ref White ethnic identities were thought to be the strongest in the late 19th and early 20th century ... of ethnic organization groups in the 1960s and 1970s were more vocal and supported promotion of the white ethnic cultures of the United States. In the early 20th century, many white ethnics claimed to have been placed in a low socio economic level, due to discrimination and ethnic stereotypes by the White ... 20th century, most traditional white ethnic groups have ranked at the top of socio economic indicators ... Ethnic groups in the United States ... more details
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