Infobox language name Estonian nativename eesti keel states EST br Estonian immigrant communities see ... Finnic script Latin script Latin nation EST br EU agency small Institute of the EstonianLanguage ... Standard Estonian ll1 none lc2 vro ld2 V ro ll2 V ro language notice IPA Estonian eesti keel IPA fi ... the birthright of the Estonianlanguage. Kristjan Jaak Peterson 1801 22 , the first student at the then German language University of Tartu to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded ... Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the First language Mother Tongue ... literary works in the Estonianlanguage. Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th ... , the Estonianlanguage became the state language of the newly independent country. When ... language was termed as the language of friendship of nations and was taught to Estonian children as early ..., The Law on the Status of the EstonianLanguage was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet ... independence . Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia. Estonian literature ... 0231115695 ref The New Testament was translated into V ro language southern Estonian in 1686 northern ... European languages . Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian language Hungarian . Estonian has been ... genetically . Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language , but unlike ... considered either variants of a South Estonianlanguage , or separate languages altogether. citation needed date June 2011 Also, Seto language Seto is not usually considered a dialect of Estonian ... Proto Finnic , the ancestor of the Estonianlanguage, lost palatalization, but Estonian is one ... an agglutinating language to a fusional language . Over the course of Estonian history, German language ... subject the impersonal . Vocabulary main Estonian vocabulary Although the Estonian and Germanic language ..., for example. This is primarily because the Estonianlanguage has borrowed nearly one third of its ... more details
The Institute of the EstonianLanguage lang et Eesti Keele Instituut is the language regulator of the Estonianlanguage . It was founded in 1993 as the Institute of Language and Literature was reorganized. It is based in Tallinn . Its director is currently Urmas Sutrop . External links http en.eki.ee index.php EKI website Category Language regulators Category Estonianlanguage et Eesti Keele Instituut pl Instytut J zyka Esto skiego ru ... more details
Infobox Language name Estonian Sign Language nativename ESL states Estonia n region Limited to Estonia signers 4,500 1998 family influenced by Russian Sign Language Russian Sign iso3 eso Estonian Sign Language ESL , lang et Eesti viipekeel is the national sign language of Estonia . In 1998 there were about 4,500 signers out of a deaf population of 2000 and a hearing impaired population ten times that number. It is widespread in the cities of Tallinn and P rnu among deaf ethnic Estonians deaf Russian Estonians in Tallinn use Russian Sign Language , Russians outside Tallinn tend to use a Russian&ndash Estonian Sign Language pidgin, or may be bilingual. In its formative stages, Estonian Sign Language was influenced by Russian and Finnish Sign Language for example, the ESL sign for butterfly developed from the Finnish sign for bird . There are several dialects, the most archaic of which is the P rnu variety. Like other sign languages, ESL is heavily influenced by the local spoken language. For instance, some signs are based on fingerspelling the first letter of an Estonian word, as in the sign for restoran restaurant . Instruction for parents of deaf children is available in Tallinn. Teaching and research began in 1990 at Tartu University . Category Estonianlanguage Category Sign languages Category Swedish Sign Language family Category French Sign Language family pt L ngua de sinais estoniana ... more details
Infobox language family name South Estonian region Baltic States familycolor Uralic fam2 Finnic languages ... Estonianlanguage area.jpg mapcaption The historical South Estonian V ro, Seto, Mulgi, Tartu language area with historical South Estonianlanguage enclaves Lutsi, Leivu and Kraasna South Estonian emerged ... aside the North Estonianlanguage spoken in Swedish Estonia . The first South Estonian grammar ... century as the northern Estonian literary language also Tallinn literary language lang de Revalestnisch became the standard for the EstonianlanguageEstonian literary language . ref cite book title ... the era believed that the Estonian state needed to have one standard language for all its citizens that led ... Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref The other dialects of South Estonianlanguage area include Mulgi, Tartu, and Seto language Seto . V ro has remained furthest from the standard written Estonianlanguage and has been least understood by speakers of other Estonian dialects. ref name TUL ref ... published in 1807 in South Estonian Tartu literary language. The two different historical Estonian languages ... Tartu and Northern V ro. This usage was called Tartu literary language or also South Estonian literary language. ref http scholar.google.com scholar?hl en&lr &q 22South Estonian literary language 22 South Estonian literary language google scholar ref The written standard was used in the schools ... leht was published in South Estonian Tartu literary language. ref name TUL2 cite book title The Uralic ... books?id 0YMU5azMAV0C&pg PA115&dq ref Comparison of old South Estonian Tartu literary language ... s Prayer Mi Es in modern literary South Estonian V ro language V ro Mi Es taivan p hended s saaguq ... ni avvustus ig v dses aos. Aam n. Lord s Prayer Meie isa in modern standard EstonianlanguageEstonian ... it was decided that there must be one Estonianlanguage. The beginning of the 20th century was the period for the rapid development of the Northern based Estonian literary language. Present situation ... more details
The Centre for South EstonianLanguage and Cultural Studies is an interdisciplinary unit at the Faculty of Philosophy of Tartu University . The centre coordinates and organizes linguistic and cultural studies in the historical South Estonianlanguage South Estonian V ro language V ro , Seto language Seto , Mulgi language Mulgi and Tartu language Tartu area. The centre also publishes books and organizes events connected with South Estonianlanguage and culture. External links http www.ut.ee lekeskus Home page of the centre in V ro and Estonian http www.estonia.gov.uk Category South Estonianlanguage Category Estonian culture Category Education in Tartu Estonia stub et Tartu likooli L una Eesti keele ja kultuuriuuringute keskus fiu vro L un Eesti keele ja kultuuriuurmiisi keskus ... more details
Wiktionary Estonian may refer to Something of, from, or related to Estonia , a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe Estonians people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent For more information about the Estonian people, see Demographics of Estonia and Culture of Estonia . For specific persons, see List of Estonians The Estonianlanguage See also Languages of Estonia Estonian cuisine disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ar it Estone ... more details
Seven Estonian films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but none ... Academy Awards ceremony. All submissions were in EstonianlanguageEstonian . class wikitable ... Academy Awards DEFAULTSORT List Of Estonian Submissions For The Academy Award For Best Foreign Language Film Category Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award submissions by country Estonia Category Estonian films Category Estonia related lists Academy Award ...Estonia has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1992. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature length feature length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non English language English dialogue. ref name Rules cite web title Special Rules for the Best Foreign Language Film Award publisher Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences url http www.oscars.org 80academyawards rules rule14.html accessdate 2008 08 21 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref It was not created until the 29th Academy Awards 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created for non English speaking films, and has been given annually since. ref name HistPg2 cite web title History of the Academy ... Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. ref name HistPg2 The Foreign Language Film Award ... web url http www.oscars.org press pressreleases 2011 20110119.html title 9 Foreign Language Films Continue ... Vie for 2011 Foreign Language Film Oscar accessdate 2011 10 14 work oscars.org ref Three of Estonia ... Those Old Love Letters was a biographical film about Estonian composer Raimond Valgre before and after ... 2001 and 2005 included The Heart of the Bear , a drama steeped in mythology about an Estonian man ... Foreign Language Film List of Academy Award winning foreign language films Cinema of Estonia References ... more details
Estonian House opened Estonian School in London, a volunteer supported Estonianlanguage school teaching based on Estonian curricula employing fully qualified teachers with teaching experience from Estonian comprehensive and high schools. ref Postimees 31 May 2009 14 50 http www.postimees.ee ?id 125962 Londonis avati Eesti Kool ref New York New York Estonian House was bought in 1946 by Estonian ...File Eesti Maja.jpg thumb Celebration of Estonian Declaration of Independence Estonian Independence Day at the Sydney Estonian House. File Mart Sander performance at the Estonian House in London.jpg thumb Mart Sander performing at the London Estonian House. File Civic club1.jpg thumb New York Estonian House An Estonian House lang et Eesti Maja is a center of Estonian culture , usually overseas. Numerous Estonian Houses were set up after the Soviet occupation of Estonia led to tens of thousands of Estonian ... on Manhattan . It houses a number of Estonian organizations such as the New York Estonian School, the editorial office of Estonianlanguage newspaper Vaba Eesti S na , choruses for men and women and a folk dancing group. External links http www.estonianhousenewyork.com New York Estonian House http www.estohouse.com Toronto Estonian House http www.eestimaja.com Chicago Estonian House http adelaide.eesti.org.au social.html Adelaide Estonian House http www.baltimoreeestlased.org est maja.htm Baltimore Estonian House http www.estonianhouselakewood.org Lakewood Estonian House http www.estonianhouselondon.org London Estonian House http eestimaja.googlepages.com Leicester Estonian House http eesti.us Los Angeles Estonian House http web.comhem.se eesti.maja Stockholm Estonian House http www.eestimaja.ee Tallinn Estonian House http www.eesti.org.au estonian houses Estonian Houses in Australia http www.eestimaja.ee sisu index.php?id 18 A list of Estonian Houses maintained by Tallinn Estonian House References reflist Estonian diaspora Category Estonian culture Estonia stub et Eesti Maja ... more details
lecturers of Estonianlanguage and culture to universities abroad and supplied the study centres with relevant material. Presently, the Estonian Institute s main areas of activity are publishing ... . External links http www.estinst.ee Estonian Institute s homepage http ekkm.estinst.ee ?lang et Estonian studies abroad http www.viro instituutti.fi Estonian Institute in Finland http www.estinst.ee sverige Estonian Institute in Sweden http www.esztorszag.hu Estonian Institute in Hungary http www.estonica.org Web encyclopedia Estonica http www.culture.ee Culture.ee Estonian culture events calendar Category Estonian culture Category Estonianlanguage Category Language education Category ...The Estonian Institute is a non governmental and non profit organisation aiming to promote Estonia n culture abroad. The institute was founded in 1989 as a shadow foreign office for the History of Estonia Regaining independence Estonian independence movement by Lennart Meri , later the first foreign minister and first president of Estonia after the Soviet Union Soviet occupation . Current director of the institute is the son of the president, philologist and Finno Ugric languages Finno Ugric specialist Mart Meri . Activities The task of the Estonian Institute is to spread information about Estonian society and culture in other countries, further cultural and educational links and organise the teaching of Estonianlanguage and culture outside Estonia. Over the years the Institute has published ... include the online encyclopaedia http www.estonica.org Estonica and the Estonian cultural events calendar http www.culture.ee Culture.ee . The Estonian Institute also organises conferences, festivals, exhibitions and seminars about Estonian culture, replies to Estonia related queries, and receives translators ... booklets Information booklets about Estonia http elm.estinst.ee Estonian Literary Magazine http www.estinst.ee Ea Magazine Estonian Art Locations The Estonian Institute has offices abroad located ... more details
unreferenced date October 2009 update date June 2010 File Estonian Police and Border Guard Board coat of arms.svg thumb upright The coat of arms of the Estonian Police and Border Guard Board , previously used by the Estonian Police The Estonian Police Eesti Politsei in EstonianlanguageEstonian are the law enforcement agency of Estonia . Structure They are under the supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which supervises five central agencies the Police Board, the Kaitsepolitseiamet Security Police Board , the Police and Border Guard Board and the Estonian Rescue Board Rescue Board . It also administers the Inspection of Data Protection and Public Service Academy which is an educational institution providing applied higher education in the field of policing as well as in other fields of administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The highest ranking police officer holds the title of National Police Commissioner. The central agency is the Estonian Police Board which manages, directs and co ordinates the activities of all police units under its administration. The Estonian Police has three national units the Central Criminal Police, the Central Law Enforcement and the Forensic ... police chiefs are called prefects. History The Estonian Police was founded on 12 November 1918, and it existed until the summer of 1940 when the Estonian State formally lost its independence to the Soviet Union . The foundation of the Estonian Police took place in extremely difficult conditions at the time of the War of Independence. The Estonian Police was re established within the jurisdiction ... the Estonian State regained its independence. The act, passed on 20 September 1990, set out the transition period during which the dissolution of the Soviet Militia and the formation of the Estonian Police was to be completed. The period ended on 1 March 1991 which was the restoration date of the Estonian ... Official website Estonian Estonia topics state autocollapse Europe topic Law enforcement in Use ... more details
page information page is printed in EstonianlanguageEstonian , English language English and French language French . Passport types Image Estdippassport.jpg 180px thumb right Cover of an Estonian biometric diplomatic passport For Estonian citizens, apart from ordinary passports, diplomatic and service ...About full Estonian passports issued to Estonian citizens other uses Estonian alien s passport Infobox Identity document document name Estonian passport image Eesti pass.jpg image caption The front cover of a contemporary Estonian biometric passport date first issued May 22, 2007 using jurisdiction flag Estonia document type Passport purpose Identification eligibility Estonian nationality law Estonian citizenship expiration 5 years after issuance An Estonian Passport is an identity document as well ... Citizenship and Migration Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Estonia and by Estonian foreign ..., Estonian passports are Burgundy color burgundy , with the Coat of arms of Estonia Estonian Coat ... below the coat of arms. Estonian passports have the standard biometric symbol at the bottom. Identity Information Page Image Estpassport.jpg thumb 250px Information page of Estonian biometric passports issued since May 2007 Image Estonian passport information page.jpg thumb 250px Information page of machine readable Estonian passports issued between July 2005 and May 2007 The biodata page of an Estonian passport includes the following information Photo of the passport holder Type P for ordinary ... EST. Passport Note Estonian passports issued between February 2002 and May 2007 contain a note ... to international norms. The note inside Estonian passports states The holder of this passport is under ... www.gemalto.com public sector travel doc estonia.html Estonian ePassport solution ref Possession ... . Starting from June 2009, all applicants for an Estonian passport are required to provide their fingerprints ... List of passports Estonian ID card Estonian nationality law Visa requirements for Estonian citizens ... more details
ehstnischen Sprache , the journal for studies on Estonianlanguage, literature and folklore. In Beitr ge ...Cleanup date September 2007 Estculture The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing dates back to Saxo Grammaticus Gesta Danorum c. 1179 . Saxo speaks of Estonian warriors who sang at night while waiting ... Estonian sacrificial customs, gods and spirits. In 1578 Balthasar Russow describes the celebration ... Gutslaff speaks of the veneration of holy springs and J.W. Boecler describes Estonian superstitious beliefs in 1685. Estonian folklore and beliefs including samples of folksongs appear in Topographische ... Estonian folksongs, translated into German in his Volkslieder 1778 . republished as Stimmen der V lker ... Period 1750 1840 Estophile Enlightenment Period 1750 1840 increased interest in Estonian folklore ... Estonian Society was founded as the central organization for collecting and studying Estonian folklore. A leading figure in the society Friedrich Robert Faehlmann published a number of Estonian legends and myths in German based on genuine Estonian folklore and on Ganander s Finnish mythology, The Dawn and Dusk Koit ja H marik being considered one of the most beautiful Estonian myths having popular origin. Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald started collecting Estonian folklore in 1843 but ended ... as The Old tales of the Estonian People in 1866 In 1842 The Society of the Estonian Literati ... the first scholarly publication on Estonian folksongs. In total 1300 songs are given in Estonianlanguage and in German translation. The president of The Society of the Estonian Literati, Pastor Dr. Jakob Hurt , considered the King of Estonian folklore began collecting Estonian folklore in the 1870s ... 1868 1946 studied at the University of Helsinki , was the first folklore scholar of Estonian descent ... students were Oskar Loorits and et August Annist . Loorits became the director of the Estonian Folklore Archives founded in 1927. His major field was folk religion and mythology, a study on Estonian ... more details
Expand Estonian Eestikeelne Vikipeedia date August 2011 Infobox website name Wiki favicon Estonian Wikipedia screenshot logo File Wikipedia logo v2 et.png 135px caption url http et.wikipedia.org et.wikipedia.org commercial No location Miami, Florida type Internet encyclopedia project languageEstonianlanguageEstonian registration Optional owner Wikimedia Foundation author The Estonian Wikipedia is the EstonianlanguageEstonian version of Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia , started on 24 July 2002. Citation needed date January 2011 On January 3, 2011 it had 81,064 articles. On December 7, 2008 Estonian Wikipedian Andres Luure was one of fifteen individuals recognized for volunteerism in Estonia for 2008. ref http etv.err.ee arhiiv.php?id 88400 An ETV archive of the 2008 Aasta Vabatahtlik award ceremony. Andres Luure s time segment 39 48 41 33 ref As of CURRENTMONTHNAME CURRENTYEAR , it has about formatnum expr NUMBEROF ARTICLES et round 3 encyclopedia article articles . ref http meta.wikimedia.org wiki List of Wikipedias ref See also V ro Wikipedia References Reflist External links InterWiki code et et icon http et.wikipedia.org Estonian Wikipedia et icon http et.m.wikipedia.org Estonian Wikipedia mobile version Wikipedias Category Wikipedias by language Category Internet properties established in 2003 Category Internet in Estonia wikipedia stub af Estniese Wikipedia ar az Estonca Vikipediya be be x old bg ca Viquip dia en estoni cv cs Estonsk Wikipedie et Eestikeelne Vikipeedia el es Wikipedia en estonio eu Estonierazko Wikipedia fa fr Wikip dia en estonien ko id Wikipedia bahasa Esti it Wikipedia in estone sw Wikipedia ya Kiestonia lbe lt Esti koji Vikipedija hu szt Wikip dia mk ... Estonian Wikipedia sr sh Estonska Wikipedija fi Wikipedia Vironkielinen ... more details
The Estonian Hound EstonianlanguageEstonian eesti hagijas is a scent hound like dog breed breed which is the only dog breed developed in Estonia . It was bred in 1947 when the Soviet Union s national economy ministry decided that every country in the Union must have its own dog breed. Estonian Hound s height is convert 17 21 in cm and it weighs convert 33 44 lb kg . It is medium sized and well muscled with strong bone structure. They have shiny rough short haired coat. The dog s coat colour can be blackish brown, red or saddle like patch on the dog s back. The Estonian Kennel Union is presently working on the recognition of the breed by the F d ration Cynologique Internationale . hounds dog stub Category Hounds Category Dog breeds originating in Estonia Category Mammals of Europe et Eesti hagijas ja fi Eestinajokoira sv Estlandsst vare ... more details
Infobox Ethnic group group Estonian Americans br small Ameerika eestlased br small image div style white space nowrap br File Michael Roos TitansvsPackers Nov 2 08.jpg x114px br File Steve Jurvetson.jpg x121px File Msc 2007 Saturday, 14.00 16.00 Uhr Zwez001 Ilves.jpg x121px caption Michael Roos br Steve Jurvetson Steve J rvetson Toomas Hendrik Ilves poptime 25,034 small 2000 small ref name EstonianCensus popplace California New York New Jersey Washington state Washington Florida langs American English , EstonianlanguageEstonian rels Protestantism Protestant Lutheranism Lutheran related Estonians , Finnish American s The Estonian Americans lang et Ameerika eestlased are citizen s or residents of the United States who are of Estonians Estonian ancestry, mainly descendants of people who left ... US census , there were over 25,000 Americans of full or partial Estonian descent, ref name EstonianCensus ... margin left 1em colspan 2 Estonian American population br as of the 2000 U.S. census ref name EstonianCensus http web.archive.org web 20041214052417 www.euroamericans.net estonian census.htm People of Estonian Ancestry, U.S. 2000 Census ref California 3,465 New York 2,892 New Jersey 2,331 Washington ... agriculture in the Russian Empire transformed Estonian farmers into migrants. The pressures of industrialization drove numerous Estonian peasants to emigrate to the United States continuing ... at the end of the 1980s. Famous Estonian Americans main List of Estonian Americans Conductor Neeme J rvi ... actor Johann Urb born January 24, 1977 is an Estonian living and working in the United States. Kerli K iv born February 7, 1987 , better known mononymously as Kerli, is an Estonian pop singer ... Hyphenated American New York Estonian House References reflist External links http www.everyculture.com multi Du Ha Estonian Americans.html Estonian Americans at Countries and Their Cultures EstonianDiaspora European Americans Category American people of Estonian descent Category Estonian American ... more details
Estculture Estonian literature lang et eesti kirjandus refers to literature written in the Estonianlanguage c. 1.100.000 speakers ref http www.britannica.com eb article 9033090 Estonian literature Estonian ... works in Estonianlanguage. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The Liber Census Daniae 1241 contains Estonian place and family names. ref name DWE http books.google.com books?id owQBH74N8CIC&dq The Development of Written Estonian By George Kurman ISBN 0 7007 0380 2 ref The earliest extant samples of connected Estonian are the so called Kullamaa prayers ... into V ro language southern Estonian in 1686 northern Estonian, 1715 . Based on northern Estonian the two dialects were united by Anton Thor Helle. Writings in Estonian became more significant ... German literature which, despite the barriers of status and language, had an impact on Estonian literature. The earliest example of Estonianlanguage poetry dates back to 1637, a poem written by Reiner ... have been interpreted as a claim to reestablish the birthright of the Estonianlanguage. Kristjan ... Villem Gr nthal Ridala and the reformer of the Estonianlanguage Johannes Aavik 1880 1973 , Estonian ... Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S.Wanradt and J. Koell 1535 . For the use of priests an Estonian grammar was printed in German in 1637. ref http books.google.com books?id CnckpL8auSIC ... Period 1750 1840 . The cultural stratum of Estonian, was originally characterised by a largely ... of Estonian literature Image EstonianGrammar1637.jpg thumb 200px Estonian grammar 1637 by Heinrich Stahl Folklore main Estonian folklore As opposed to the recentness of written literature, the collections of Estonian folklore tell of the ancient pre Northern Crusades period of independence. The first fragmentary records of Estonian folk poetry dating from the 13th century can be found in the Chronicle ... more details
Infobox Ethnic group group Estonian Swedes image File Flag of Noarootsi Parish.svg 250px caption Flag of Noarootsi parish, based on Swedish and Estonian flags population regions languages Swedish language Swedish , EstonianlanguageEstonian region1 flag Estonia pop1 211 1,000 small ref1 ref http pub.stat.ee .... Swedish, along with German language German and EstonianlanguageEstonian , was one of the official ... Estonian Swedes are regrouping and re establishing their heritage, by studying Swedish language ... publisher Statistikaamet Statistical Office of Estonia languageEstonian and English isbn 9985 74 ... languageEstonian format PDF accessdate 2009 09 15 ref ref name Statistics Estonia cite web title Population ... 1937 languageEstonian format PDF accessdate 2009 09 15 ref By the time of the Second World War, the population ... for Sweden. There are a few hundred people of Estonian Swedish descent in Gammalsvenskby today. Language ... The Estonian Swedes , Estonia Swedes , or Coastal Swedes lang sv estlandssvenskar , Estonia Swedes , colloquially ... of what is now western and northern Estonia . The beginning of the continuous settlement of Estonian ... early mentions of Swedes in Estonia came in 1341 and 1345 when an Estonian monastery in Padise sold ... rule, and the Estonian Swedes suffering continued as, for example, the Agrarian reforms which liberated the land of Estonian serfs in 1816, did not apply to Estonian mostly non serf Swedes. Forced ... At certain times during Russian Estonia period, groups of Estonian Swedes were forced to leave Estonia ... of Gammalsvenskby . Conditions improve The Estonian Swedes positions improved during the 1850s ... Estonia granted the ethnic minority groups the control over their language of education, the right to form institutions for their national and social rights, the right to use their native language in official ... concerning military bases. Many of the islands upon which Estonian Swedes lived were confiscated, bases ... was occupied by, and annexed into, the Soviet Union, and their voice in government was lost. Estonian ... more details
The Estonian alphabet is used for writing the Estonianlanguage and is based on the Latin alphabet , with German alphabet German influence. As such, the Estonian alphabet has the letters , , and A, O, and U with Trema diacritic umlaut , which represent the vowel sounds IPA , IPA and IPA y , respectively. Unlike the German umlauts, they are considered to be separate letters and part of the alphabet, and are alphabetised as separate letters. The most distinguishing letter in the Estonian alphabet, however, is the O with tilde , which was added to the alphabet in the 19th century by Otto Wilhelm Masing and stands for the vowel IPA . In addition, the alphabet also differs from the Latin alphabet by the addition of the letters and S and Z with caron h ek , and by the position of Z in the alphabet it has been moved from the end to between S and T or and . In Blackletter W was used instead of V. Johannes Aavik insisted that the letter be replaced by Y, as it has been in the Finnish alphabet. The official Estonian alphabet has 27 letters div style font size large text align center A , B , D , E , F , G , H , I , J , K , L , M , N , O , P , R , S , , Z , , T , U , V , , , , div The oblique type oblique letters are so called foreign letters v rt hed . F , , Z and occur only in loanword s and foreign proper names. C , Q , W , X and Y do not occur in Estonian words , but are used in writing foreign proper names . Including also the foreign letters , alphabet consists of the following 32 letters div style font size large text align center A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H , I , J , K , L , M , N , O , P , Q , R , S , , Z , , T , U , V , W , , ... External links http www.einst.ee publications language alphabet.html Alphabet, Orthography, Pronunciation http www.eki.ee keel et003.html The Estonian alphabet http euro.typo.cz Typo.cz Information on Central European typography and typesetting Category Latin alphabets Category Estonianlanguage ba ... more details
Below is list of Estonianlanguage exonym s for places in non Estonian speaking countries class wikitable width 80 Language Native Name Estonian Exonym colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Albania Albania Albaania Albanian language Albanian Tirana Tiran Tirana colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Algeria Algeria Al eeria Arabic language Arabic Algiers al Jaz ir Al iir colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Austria Austria Austria German language German Vienna Wien Viin colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Belgium Belgium Belgia French language French Dutch language Dutch ... Geneva Genf Geneva Gen ve Genf Language Native Name Estonian Exonym Expand list date October 2010 References Institute of the EstonianLanguage EKI http www.eki.ee knab p mm en.htm KNAB See also List of European exonyms DEFAULTSORT Estonian Exonyms Category Estonianlanguage Category Exonyms ... Bulgaaria Bulgarian language Bulgarian Sofia Sofija Sofia colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Denmark Denmark Taani Danish language Danish Copenhagen K benhavn Kopenhaagen colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Finland Finland Soome rowspan 2 align top Finnish language Finnish Helsinki Helsingi Turku Turu colspan 3 style text align left flagicon France France Prantsusmaa French language ... language German Berlin Berliin colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Greece Greece Kreeka rowspan 2 align top Greek language Greek Athens Ath na Ateena Corfu K rkyra Korfu colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Italy Italy Itaalia rowspan 2 align top Italian language Italian Rome ... 24 align top Latvian language Latvian Aina i Heinaste Al ksne Aluliina Ape, Latvia Ape Hopa C sis ... Luksemburg German language German Luxembourg city Luxembourg Luksemburg colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Poland Poland Poola rowspan 2 align top Polish language Polish Krak w Krakov, Krakovi ... language Portuguese Lisbon Lisboa Lissabon colspan 3 style text align left flagicon Romania Romania ... more details
General principles of the Estonian monetary system , Bank of Estonia ref euro replace non ... and Norwegian krone and derived from the Latin language Latin word corona disambiguation corona crown . The kroon succeeded the Estonian mark mark in 1928 and was in use until the Soviet invasion in 1940 ... on 1 January 1928 after having been a unit of account since 1924. ref cite news title Estonian ... 2010 05 13 ref It replaced the Estonian mark mark at a rate of 100 mark 1 kroon. The kroon was subdivided ... of the country and to the improvement of the reputation of the Estonian state in the international ... the history of Eesti Pank and Estonian finance author Bank of Estonia accessdate 13 May 2010 ref The Estonian kroon kept this peg and circulated until the USSR Soviet invasion of 1940. The kroon was exchanged ..., nickel bronze 50 senti in 1936. On 25 July 1940, 4 days after founding of Estonian SSR, the last Estonian pre WW II coin, new 1 sent date 1939 was issued. In 1927, before the kroon was officially introduced ... 1500 rubles to 150 kroons. Initially, the Estonian kroon was pegged to the Deutsche Mark at a rate ... Exchange Rate Mechanism ERM II system, the central parity of the Estonian kroon was revalued by less ... 2004 html pr040627 2.en.html title Estonian kroon included in the Exchange Rate Mechanism II ERM ... title Estonian coins publisher Bank of Estonia date accessdate 2009 11 04 ref 5 senti 1991, 1992, 1995 ... Estonia Currency board Economy of Estonia Estonian euro coins Estonian mark References Reflist refbegin ... of Estonia Money of Estonia, Estonian kroon http ciscoins.net cataloge.htm country04 Coins of Estonia 1991 present refend n start n before currency Estonian mark ratio at par reason independence n currency location Estonian kroon start 1928 end 1940 n after currency Soviet ruble ratio ? reason Estonian SSR n before currency Soviet ruble ratio at par reason Estonian SSR n currency location Estonian ... n end Estonian currency and coinage Estonia topics state autocollapse Krone Cent currency Euro ... more details
Estonian mythology is a complex of myths belonging the Estonia n folk heritage and literary mythology. Information about the pre Christianity Christian and medieval Estonian mythology is scattered in historical chronicles, travellers accounts and in ecclesiastical registers. Systematic recordings of Estonian folklore started in the 19th century. Pre Christian Estonian deities included a sky god known as Jumal or Taevataat Sky Grandfather in EstonianlanguageEstonian , corresponding to Jumala in Finnish language Finnish , and Jumo in Mari language Mari . ref name HPE http books.google.com books?id 4BxvGd3c9OYC&pg A History of Pagan Europe, P. 181 ISBN 0415091365 ref Estonian mythology in old ... to the living. Henry of Latvia also describes in his chronicle an Estonian legend originating ... Estonian nature spirits the sacred oak and linden have been described by Balthasar Russow in 1578 ... ref to which the skies were nailed with North Star . Milky Way Linnutee or Birds Way in Estonian ... Estonian mythology as a result of the contacts with Balts Baltic and Germanic peoples Germanic ... Grandfather or Taevataat Sky Father . Proto Estonian pre Christian deities may also have included a sky god by name Jumal, known also by other Finnic peoples as Jumala in Finnish language Finnish and Jumo in Mari language Mari . ref name HPE ref http www.folklore.ee folklore vol31 kulmar.pdf Kulmar, T. On Supreme Sky God from the Aspect of Religious History and in Prehistoric Estonian Material ref ... Christian and or foreign influences. Estonian legends about giants Kalevipoeg , Suur T ll ... on his farm or manor and his farm hand Kaval Ants Crafty Hans . Other mythical motiffs from Estonian ... mythology Friedrich Robert Faehlmann and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald compiled the Estonian national ... had written. Faehlmann also wrote eight fictional myths combining motives of Estonian folklore ... as authentic Estonian mythology. The Estonian literary mythology describes the following pantheon The supreme ... more details
Infobox Airline airline AS Estonian Air logo Estonian Air logo.svg logo size 250 fleet size 9 1 order ... program EuroBonus IATA OV ICAO ELL callsign ESTONIAN parent founded 1 December 1991 ref http www.estonian ... div AS Estonian Air Regional Estonian Aviation Fuelling Services AS Estonian Air Jet Leasing Ltd AS Amadeus Eesti div website http www.estonian air.com www.estonian air.com AS Estonian Air is Estonia s national carrier, owned by the Estonian state. The airline is based in Tallinn , Estonia . ref http www.estonian air.ee estonian air contact Contact AS Estonian Air . Estonian Air. Retrieved ... Airlines System SAS network via Stockholm , Oslo and Copenhagen from Estonia. AS Estonian Air has two subsidiaries and two joint ventures Estonian Air Jet Leasing Ltd which owns airline s aircrafts and in co operation with the parent company AS Estonian Air Regional operates Saab 340 aircraft and provides commercial air services to the neighboring region Estonian Aviation Fuelling ... ref Estonian Air is owned by the Estonian government 90 and SAS Group 10 . It has 351 employees May 2009, including AS Estonian Air Regional . ref name FI Unlike its affiliated carrier, Scandinavian Airlines, Estonian Air is not a member of the Star Alliance but it is a part of the SAS loyalty programme, EuroBonus . History File Estonian Air Yak 40.jpg thumb left Yakovlev Yak 40 at Helsinki Airport in 1994 The airline was established by the Estonian government with aircraft acquired from the defunct ... 1 Al AS Estonian Air.html AS Estonian Air ref Estonian Air started operation on 1 December 1991 with service .... In March 2007 Estonian Air announced that they will lease another Boeing 737 500 and serve a new destination, Vienna . Estonian Air has leased two Saab 340 s and in June 2008 Estonian Air established a new company Estonian Air Regional. Under that name it added new destinations from Tallinn to Kuressaare ... 3 Bombardier CRJ900 NG and further 3 options. On 27 November 2008, Estonian Prime Minister Andrus ... more details
The Estonian vocabulary , i.e., the vocabulary of the Estonianlanguage , was influenced by many other language groups. Germanic languages The heaviest external contribution, nearly one third of the vocabulary ... sisu.php?id 30&teema 2 History of Estonian vocabulary et icon ref Ex nihilo lexical enrichment Estonianlanguage planners such as Ado Grenzstein a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s ... town nuga knife , king shoe julge bold EstonianlanguageEstonian and unknown appr. 1000 r ni ... chaos Romani language Romani loans 5 manguma to beg References reflist DEFAULTSORT Estonian Vocabulary Category Estonian words and phrases Category Estonianlanguage Vocabulary Category ... Zuckermann Zuckermann, Ghil ad 2003, http www.palgrave.com products title.aspx?is 140391723X Language ... in Language History and Language Change, Series editor Charles Jones . ISBN 1 4039 1723 X. ref i.e. ... and male chess . ref name palgrave.com The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik 1880 ... which did not gain currency, cf. Contemporary Estonian graatsiline graceful , although the word itself ... language Russian , German language German , French language French , Finnish language Finnish , English language English and Swedish language Swedish . Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek , Latin and French language French . Consider relv weapon versus English language English revolver , roim crime versus English language English crime , siiras sincere versus English language English sincere serious embama to embrace versus English language English embrace , and taunima to condemn, disapprove versus Finnish language Finnish tuomita to judge these Aavikisms appear in Aavik s 1921 dictionary . Consider also evima to have, possess, own cf. also Estonian omama to own , and mul on , lit. to me is , i.e. for me there is , meaning I have versus English language English have laup forehead versus Russian language Russian lob forehead m rv murder and m rvama to murder ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox pig breed name Estonian Bacon country Estonia The Estonian Bacon lang et eesti peekon is a meat pig breed from Estonia . It was developed from local landrace by crossbreeding it with German Landrace German , Danish Landrace Danish and Swedish Landrace pig Swedish landraces. Its appearance looks similar to the Danish Landrace . See also List of domestic pig breeds External links http www.fao.org docrep 009 ah759e AH759E10.htm Estonian Bacon Category Pig breeds originating in Estonia estonia stub livestock stub de Estnisches Speckschwein et Eesti peekon ... more details
Infobox Horse name Estonian Draft status image image caption altname Eston Arden, ref name Hendricks Estonian Ardennes ref name EABA country Estonia group1 std1 features The Estonian Draft or Eston Arden is a horse breed breed of draft horse developed in Estonia . They were developed from a cross of Estonian horse Estonian Native horses and Swedish Ardennes and officially recognized by the Estonian government in 1953. Population numbers have decreased since the early 1990s and today inbreeding is of significant concern and the breed is considered to be endangered by the Estonian government. Although ... characteristics Estonian Drafts are generally bay horse bay or chestnut coat chestnut in color. Through ... History Estonian horse Estonian Native horses were crossed with Swedish Ardennes stallion s to create ... DAD and the breed was officially recognized by the Estonian government in 1953. ref name Vet cite web url http www.vet.agri.ee ?op body&id 346 title Estonian Heavy Draught publisher Estonian Veterinary and Food Board accessdate 2011 03 28 ref At the same time the Estonian Draft was developed, the Lithuanian ... accessdate 2011 03 28 ref As of 1994, there were approximately 400 Estonian Drafts in existence ... Preliminary results on relationship among Estonian Heavy Draught Horse breed author Rooni, Krista and Haldja ... Viru County L ne Viru and Ida Viru County Ida Viru counties. ref name Vet The Estonian Draft is one of three recognized horse breeds in Estonia the others being the Tori horse Tori and the Estonian Native horse. ref name EABA cite web url http www.etll.ee english ?Horses publisher Estonian Animal Breeding Association title Horses Development, Management and Direction of the Estonian Horse Breeders Society author Peterson, Heldur accessdate 2011 03 28 ref The Estonian Horse Breeders Society ... on the State of Farm Animal Genetic Resources date 2004 publisher Estonian Ministry of Agriculture ... show s and pulling beer wagons. The breed is the least populous of the three Estonian breeds. ref ... more details
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