Gnosticism The Encratites self controlled were an ascetic 2nd century sect of Christians who forbade marriage and counselled abstinence from meat. Eusebius says that Tatian was the author of this heresy. ref Eusebius, iv. 28, 29 ref It has been supposed that it was these Gnostic encratites who were chastised by Paul in 1 Timothy 4 1 4 ref Transitions and Transformations in the History of Religions, by Joseph Mitsuo Kitagawa , Frank E. Reynolds, Theodore M. Ludwig, 208 ref ref 1 Timothy 4 1 4 1Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils Speaking lies in hypocrisy having their conscience seared with a hot iron Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving ref The first mention of a Christian sect of this name occurs in Iren us ref Iren us I, xxviii ref They are mentioned more than once by Clement of Alexandria , ref Paedagogus , II, ii, 33 Stromata , I, xv VII, xvii ref who says ref Stromata 7 ref that they are named from Temperance . Hippolytus refers to them as acknowledging ... that some Encratites were perfectly orthodox in doctrine, and erred only in practice. Origen ... History Eusebius Historia Ecclesiastica , IV, xxix ref after whom Encratites were often called Severian Encratites Severians . These Severian Encratites accepted the Law, the Prophets, and the Gospels ... states that in his day Encratites were very numerous throughout Asia Minor, in Psidia, in the Adustan ... took the name of Encratites, Saccophori , or Hydroparastat , and commanded Florus, the Magister Officiarum ... External links wikisource Catholic wstitle Encratites Category Gnosticism Category Christian denominations ... Enkratiten es Encratismo fr Encratites id Encratit it Encratismo nl Encratisme pl Enkraty ci pt Encratismo ... more details
The Severians were a sect of gnostic Encratites . Epiphanius of Salamis Epiphanius supposes their leader Severus Encratite Severus to have preceded Tatian founder of Encratites but Eusebius , Theodoret , and Jerome make him Tatian s successor. These latter authorities are followed by most ecclesiastical historians, and the silence of Irenaeus and Hypolitus regarding Severus renders the later date most probable. Ephiphanius ascribes to the Severians a belief in the well known Gnostic power Demiurge Ialdaboth Yaldabaoth who appears in the Ophites Ophite system as the first offspring of Bythus and Ennoia . The Severians held that Ialdaboth was a great ruler of the powers, that from him sprung the Devil that the Devil being cast down to the earth in the form of the serpent produced the vine, whose snake like tendrils indicate its origin that the Devil also created woman and the lower half of man. ref Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, John Henry Blunt ref See also Gnosticism References reflist Category Gnosticism pt Severianismo ... more details
Severian can refer to Severians , a tribe or tribal union of early East Slavs Severian , the main character of Gene Wolfe s novels The Book of the New Sun and The Urth of the New Sun Severian Encratites , a sect of gnostic Encratites disambig bg de Severianus ... more details
Musanus was an early Christian writer mentioned briefly by Eusebius in his Church History Eusebius Church History as the author of a book, extant in his time, against the Encratites . ref cite book author Eusebius work Church History url http www.newadvent.org fathers 250104.htm volume IV chapter 28 title Musanus and His Writings. ref Jerome , probably based on Eusebius, also wrote about him in De Viris Illustribus Jerome De Viris Illustribus c. 31 ref s De Viris Illustribus Chapter 31 Musanus Musanus by Jerome ref . References Reflist Persondata NAME Musanus ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Christian writer DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown Category Christian apologists pt Musanus ... more details
nameof Severus various historical and fictional figures Emperors in the Severan dynasty Septimius Severus 145 211 , Roman Emperor from 193 to 211 Alexander Severus 208 235 , Roman Emperor from 222 to 235 Flavius Valerius Severus died 307 , Roman Emperor from 306 to 307 Other individuals Saint Severus , several Christian saints Sextus Julius Severus , 2nd century Roman general Severus Encratite , founder of the gnostic sect Severian Encratites Severus of Antioch c. 465 c. 538 , Non Chalcedonian and Patriarch of Antioch Libius Severus 420 465 , Roman Emperor from 461 to 465 Severus Iatrosophista , Byzantine author of De Clysteribus Severus Ibn al Muqaffa died 987 , Coptic bishop and historian Fictional characters Severus Snape , character in the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling Disambig bg ca Sever cs Severus de Severus Begriffskl rung es Severo fr Severus ja pt Severo fi Severus zh ... more details
for the Italian writer Laurentius Abstemius orphan date December 2008 An abstemius plural abstemii is one who cannot take wine without risk of vomiting. As, therefore, the consecration at Mass must be effected in both species, of bread and wine, an abstemius is consequently irregular. St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori Alphonsus Liguori , following the opinion of Suarez Disambiguation needed date June 2011 , teaches that such irregularity is de jure divino and that, therefore, the Pope cannot dispense from it. The term is also applied to one who has a strong distaste for wine, though able to take a small quantity. A distaste of this nature does not constitute irregularity, but a papal dispensation is required, in order to excuse from the use of wine at the purification of the chalice and the ablution of the priest s fingers at the end of Mass. In these cases the use of wine is an ecclesiastical law from whose observance the Church has power to dispense. A decree of Propaganda , dated 13 January 1665, grants a dispensation in this sense to missionaries in China , on account of the scarcity of wine various similar rulings are to be found in the collection of the decrees of the Congregation of Rites . Abstention from the use of wine has, occasionally, been declared obligatory by heretics. It was one of the tenets of Gnosticism in the 2nd century. Tatian , the founder of the sect known as the Encratites , forbade the use of wine, and his adherents refused to make use of it even in the Sacrament of the Altar in its place they used water. These heretics, mentioned by St. Irenaeus Iren us On the Detection and Overthrow of the So Called Gnosis Adversus haereses , I, xxx , are known as Hydroparastes , Aquarii Aquarians , and Encratites. The great Manichean heresy followed a few years later. These heretics, in their turn, professed the greatest possible aversion to wine, as one of the sources of sin. St. Augustine of Hippo Augustine , in his book against heresies, ch. xlvi, says ... more details
of Apelles gnostic Apelles Gospel of Cerinthus Gospel of Bardesanes Gospel of the Encratites ref Epiphanius of Salamis Epiphanius ascribed a gospel to the sect of Encratites . It is more probable however ... more details
The Koine Greek Greek Acts of Philip Acta Philippi is an unorthodox episodic apocrypha l mid to late fourth century ref Late fourth century is Fran ois Bovon s dating Bovon, Actes de Philippe and Amsler s mid fourth century in an Encratites encratite circle is De Santeros Otero s dating ref narrative, originally in fifteen separate acta , ref it is divided into separate Acts, of which the manuscripts mention fifteen we have Acts i ix and from xv to the end, including the Martyrdom, which last, as usual, was current separately and exists in many recensions. M.R. James , The Apocryphal New Testament Oxford Clarendon Press , 1924. http www.gnosis.org library actphil.htm on line text the discrete origins of the individual acta in the text as formerly known is recognized by James The first Act cannot have begun so abruptly as it now does. The second is equally abrupt in its introduction. The third is linked to it by the mention of Parthia, but there is great inconsequence in it, for it presupposes that Philip has done nothing as yet. The fourth is linked to the third by the scene, Azotus. The fifth, sixth, and seventh, at Niatera, are wholly detached from what has gone before, and with the ninth we make a fresh start . ref that gives an accounting of the miraculous acts performed by the Apostle Philip , with overtones of the Romance genre genre of Romance . File IMG 1076 20070424 xenophontos monastery a.JPG thumb right 200px Courtyard of the Xenophontos monastery on Mount Athos where Some of these episodes are identifiable as belonging to more closely related cycles . ref http dissertations.ub.rug.nl FILES faculties theology 2002 i.czachesz c6.pdf Istv n Czachesz, Apostolic Commission Narratives in the Canonical and Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. University of Groningen dissertation, 2002 6 The Acts of Philip , pp 136ff pdf file links chapters 1 2, 3 7, 8 14 and the martyrdom narrative of 15. ref Two episodes recounting events of Philip s commission 3 and 8 have surviv ... more details
. XXVII. Cerdo and Marcion . XXVIII. Tatian , the Encratites XXIX. Borborians . XXX. Ophites ... and Marcion Chapter 28 Doctrines of Tatian, the Encratites, and others Chapter 29 Doctrines of various ... more details
quote Also among the beliefs of the heretical Encratites is the rejection of the drinking of wine. In fact, the Encratites even went so far as to substitute water for wine in the Eucharist service ... more details
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