An electroosmotic pump EOP , or EO pump, is used for generating flow or pressure by use of an electric field. ref name Kirby cite book author Kirby, B.J. title Micro and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics Transport in Microfluidic Devices. url http www.kirbyresearch.com textbook year 2010 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0521119030 ref ref name Bruus cite book author Bruus, H. title Theoretical Microfluidics year 2007 ref One application of this is removing liquid flooding water from channels and gas diffusion layers and direct hydration Disambiguation needed date June 2011 of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly MEA of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell s ref http microfluidics.asu.edu fcells.html microfluidics EO pump ref . Principle Electroosmotic pumps are fabricated from Silicon dioxide silica nanospheres ref http ieeexplore.ieee.org Xplore login.jsp?url iel5 9993 32105 01497386.pdf Silica nanospheres ref ref http microfluidics.stanford.edu fuel cells.htm Galvanostatic Measurements ref or hydrophilic porous glass , the pump ing mechanism is generated ... in fuel cells ref . Types Cascaded electroosmotic pumps High pressures or high flow rate s are obtained by positioning several regular electroosmotic pumps in series or parallel respectively ref http ... chen2002 EOpumpslit.pdf Planar shallow electroosmotic pump ref . See also Electroosmoticflow Capillary ... potentials and high flow rates e.g., 40 Litre ml min at 100 volt V in a pumping structure less ... electroosmotic pump Porous pumping is created by the use of sintered glass ref http www.sciencedirect.com ... electroosmotic pumps ref . ref http tel.archives ouvertes.fr docs 00 33 52 82 PDF These finale.pdf Sintred alumina electroosmotic pump ref . Planar shallow electroosmotic pump Planar shallow electroosmotic ... External links http aiche.confex.com aiche 2005 techprogram P15404.HTM Electroosmotic pump and its applications http www2.mic.dtu.dk research MIFTS publications MSc MScABR.pdf Principles of electroosmotic ... more details
wiktionarypar flow TOC right Flow may refer to Science and technology Relating to the movement of material Fluid dynamics , or fluid flow, the motion of a gas or liquid Environmental flow , the amount of water necessary in a watercourse to maintain a healthy ecosystem Flow chemistry , a chemical reaction run in a continuous stream Flow cytometry , a technique for counting, examining and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid Mass flow rate , the movement of mass per time Traffic flow , the study of interactions between vehicles, drivers, and infrastructure Volumetric flow rate , the volume of a fluid which passes through a given surface per unit of time Mathematics Flow mathematics , a variable that depends on time Flow network , a directed graph where each edge receives a flow Signal flow graph , a graphical means of showing the relations among the variables of a set of linear algebraic relations Computer science Packet flow , the flow of packets over a computer network . Control flow , or flow of control of an imperative or functional computer program Control flow diagram , describing a business process or computer program Dataflow , computing term related to the flow of messages between software components Data flow diagram , describing the flow of messages between software components Calligra Flow , diagramming and flowcharting application, part of the Calligra Suite . Traffic flow computer networking , flow of packets from a source to a destination Flow to HDL , tools and methods convert flow based system design into a hardware description language webMethods Flow , a graphical programming language used in the webMethods Integration Server Other uses in science and technology Flow psychology , a psychological state where a person is fully immersed and focused on an activity or task Flow diagram , with multiple meanings Flowchart , a visual representation of procedural programming Functional flow block diagram , in systems engineering Signal ... more details
FLOW may refer to Flow band , a Japanese rock band whose name is written as FLOW. FLOW Belgium , a healthcare network Columbus Communications FLOW a Caribbean based Cable modem Internet service, owned by Columbus Communications Flow For Love of Water , a 2008 documentary about water. disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Infobox single Name Flow On Cover Flow On.jpg Artist Lords of the Underground featuring Kid Deleon and Sah B from Album Here Come the Lords B side Lord s Prayer Released April 26, 1994 Format Gramophone record Vinyl , Cassette single Cassette , CD single CD Recorded 1992 1993 Genre Hip hop music Hip hop Length 4 25 Label Pendulum Elektra Records Elektra Writer Lords of the Underground Producer Marley Marl Type singles Chronology Lords of the Underground Last single Here Come the Lords br 1993 This single Flow On br 1994 Next single Tic Toc song Tic Toc br 1994 Flow On New Symphony was the fifth and final single released from the Lords of the Underground s debut album, Here Come the Lords . The original song was produced by Marley Marl and featured verses from the group s affiliates, Kid Deleon and Sah B, while Pete Rock contributed a remix of the song. Flow On peaked at 36 on the Rap Songs Hot Rap Singles and sampled Float On The Floaters song Float On by The Floaters . Single track listing A Side Flow On New Symphony Pete Rock Remix 4 28 Flow On New Symphony Pete Rock TV Mix 4 28 Flow On New Symphony Flo apella 4 28 B Side Lord s Prayer Album Mix 4 30 Flow On New Symphony Rumblin Remix 4 08 Flow On New Symphony Rumblin TV Mix 4 08 Flow On New Symphony Rumbapella 4 01 Charts class wikitable align left Chart align left Position align left Hot Rap Singles align left 36 align left Hot Dance Music Maxi Singles Sales align left 8 Category 1994 singles Category Lords of the Underground songs ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Flow Type studio Artist Chris Leslie folk musician Chris Leslie Cover Released 1997 Recorded Woodworm Records Woodworm Studios, Oxfordshire 1997 Genre Length 42 44 Label Producer Simon Mayor, Tim Healey Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r173803 pure url yes link Last album This album The Flow br 1997 Next album The Gift br 1999 The Flow is an album by Chris Leslie folk musician Chris Leslie released in 1997 This album is mostly instrumental. Although Chris Leslie is best known for his fiddle playing in Fairport Convention , these cuts sound nothing like Fairport. Some of it sounds like music of Thailand or Tibet, and other parts sound jazzy or new age. Perhaps the Scottish band Shooglenifty are the nearest reference point. It has a shimmering, slightly hestitant quality to it. Tracks 2 and 6 produced by Simon Mayor. Other tracks produced by Tim Healey. Track listing Ballydesmond Scartaglen Trad Eliz Iza Derobee de Guingamp Trad Trad Aignish Traditional The Witch of the Glen Trad Believe Me, If All Those Endearing Young Charms Words Thomas Moore. Tune Trad Lime Rock Trad The Old Blackbird Trad The Flow Chris Leslie Niel Gow s Lament for Abercairney Niel Gow Paddy Ryan s Dream The Inimitable Reel The Macroom Lassies Trad Kishmul s Galley Trad Tune for the Land of Snows Chris Leslie Personnel Chris Leslie violins, tingshaws, singing bowl, electric tambura Maartin Allcock acoustic guitar, electric guitar Simon Mayor mandola, mandocello, mandolin Margaret Knight concert harp Anne Marie Doyle Irish step dancing Martin Simpson acoustic guitar Ric Sanders electric violin, viola, cello DEFAULTSORT Flow, The Category Chris Leslie albums Category 1997 debut albums Category Debut albums ... more details
name B 99 101 math nabla times mathbf v mathbf 0 . math This implies that a potential flow is an irrotational flow . This has direct consequences for the applicability of potential flow. In flow regions where vorticity is known to be important, such as wake s and boundary layer s, potential flow theory is not able to provide reasonable predictions of the flow. ref name B 378 380 Batchelor 1973 pp. 378 380. ref Fortunately, there are often large regions of a flow where the assumption of irrotationality is valid, which is why potential flow is used for various applications. For instance in flow around aircraft , groundwater flow , acoustics , water wave s, and electroosmoticflow . ref name ...Image Streamlines around a NACA 0012.svg thumb 300px right Potential flow Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines ... and lower streamtube s identified. In fluid dynamics , potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function the velocity potential . As a result, a potential flow is characterized ... is a valid approximation for several applications. The irrotationality of a potential flow is due ... flow the velocity potential satisfies Laplace s equation , and potential theory is applicable. However, potential flows also have been used to describe compressible flow s. The potential flow approach ... flow are for instance the outer flow field for airfoil aerofoil s, ocean surface wave water waves , electroosmoticflow , and groundwater flow equation groundwater flow . For flows or parts thereof with strong vorticity effects, the potential flow approximation is not applicable. Characteristics and applications File Construction of a potential flow.svg thumb A potential flow is constructed ... Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines Streamlines for the incompressible potential flow around a circular ... flow is described by means of a velocity potential , being a Function mathematics function of space and time. The flow velocity v is a vector field equal to the gradient, , of the velocity potential ... more details
A flow sensor is a device for sensing the rate of fluid flow . Typically a flow sensor is the sensing element used in a flow meter , or flow logger, to record the flow of fluid s. As is true for all sensors, absolute accuracy of a measurement requires a functionality for calibration . There are various kinds of flow sensors and flow meters, including some that have a vane that is pushed by the fluid, and can drive a rotary potentiometer , or similar devices. Other flow sensors are based on sensors which measure the transfer of heat caused by the moving medium. This principle is common for microsensor s to measure flow. Flow meters are related to devices called velocimetry velocimeters that measure velocity of fluids flowing through them. Laser based interferometry is often used for air flow measurement, but for liquids, it is often easier to measure the flow. Another approach is Photoacoustic Doppler effect Doppler based methods for flow measurement. Hall effect sensor s may also be used, on a flapper valve, or vane, to sense the position of the vane, as displaced by fluid flow. See also Flow measurement Mass flow sensor External links http www.em tec.com index.php?topic produkte&subtopic messverfahren Ultrasonic Clamp on Sensors and Vessel Transducers for flow measurement in tubing systems and blood vessels http www.transonic.com Flow measurement solutions for medical and bioprocess applications. http www.sensirion.com Microsensors for flow measurement Category Flow meters de Durchflusssensor ... more details
Let It Flow may refer to Let It Flow album Let It Flow album , by Elvin Bishop Let It Flow song Let It Flow song , by Toni Braxton Let It Flow , a 1977 album by Dave Mason disambig tr Let It Flow Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
commons Flow diagram Flow diagram may refer to Alluvial diagram , highlights and summarizes the significant structural changes in networks Flowchart , schematic representation of a process which can give a step by step solution to a given problem. Control flow diagram , a diagram to describe the control flow of a business process, process or program Flow map , in cartography, a mix of maps and flow charts that show the movement of objects from one location to another Functional flow block diagram , in systems engineering Data flow diagram , a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system Process flow diagram , in Operations, a graphical representation of a process Sankey diagram , where line width represents magnitude Signal flow graph , in mathematics, a graphical means of showing the relations among the variables of a set of linear algebraic relations State diagram , a representation of a finite state machine disambig de Flussdiagramm ... more details
The term base flow may refer to Baseflow in hydrology Base flow random dynamical systems in the study of random dynamical systems in mathematics Disambig ... more details
Pipe flow , a branch of Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics , is a type of liquid flow within a closed Pipe fluid conveyance conduit conduit in the sense of a means of containment . The other type of flow within a conduit being open channel flow . These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important respect. Pipe flow does not have a free surface which is found in open channel flow. Pipe flow, being confined within closed conduit, does not exert direct atmospheric pressure, but does exert hydraulic pressure on the conduit. Not all flow within a closed conduit is considered pipe flow. Storm sewer Storm sewers are closed conduits and usually maintain a free surface and therefore are considered open channel flow. The exception to this is when a storm sewer operates at full capacity, and then can become pipe flow. Energy in pipe flow is expressed as Hydraulic head head and is defined ... of flow within a pipe, diagrams often contain a hydraulic grade line. Pipe flow is subject to frictional losses as defined by the Darcy Weisbach equation Darcy Weisbach formula . States of Flow The behavior of pipe flow is governed mainly by the effects of viscosity and gravity relative to the inertia inertial forces of the flow. Depending on the effect of viscosity relative to inertia, as represented by the Reynolds number , the flow can be either laminar flow laminar or turbulent flow ... of Turbulence in Pipe Flow journal Science year 2011 month July volume 333 issue 6039 pages ......333..192A ref pipe flow will ultimately be laminar, whereas above the critical value turbulent flow can persist. In addition, the transition between laminar flow and turbulence can be sensitive to disturbance levels and imperfections. Flow through pipes can roughly be divided into two Laminar flow see Hagen Poiseuille flow Turbulent flow see Moody diagram See Also Mathematical equations and concepts ... Mechanics Types of fluid flow Open channel flow Fluid properties Viscosity Fluid phenomena Hydraulic ... more details
Isothermal flow is a model of Compressible flow compressible fluid flow whereby the flow remains at the same temperature while flowing in a conduit. ref Shapiro, A.H., The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Volume 1 , Ronald Press, 1953. ref In the model, heat transferred through the walls of the conduit is offset by frictional heating back into the flow. Although the flow temperature remains constant, a change in stagation temperature occurs because of a change in velocity. The interesting part of this flow is that the flow is choked at math 1 sqrt k math and not at Mach number equal to one as in the case of many other model such as Fanno flow . For an important practical case of a gas flow throw a long tube the model has an applicability in situations which occurs in a relatively long distance and where heat transfer is relatively rapid so that the temperature can be treated, for engineering purposes, as a constant. This model has also applicability as upper boundary to Fanno flow . See also Fanno flow Isentropic process Rayleigh flow References Reflist External links http www.potto.org gasDynamics gasDynamics.php Fundamentals of compressible Flow Category Fluid dynamics ... more details
A flow limiter or flow restrictor is a device to restrict the Fluid dynamics flow of a fluid , in general a gas or a liquid ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 2098037 Supercritical fluid chromatographic detection by use of a parallel flow restrictor ref . Some designs use single stage or multi stage orifice plate s to handle high and low flow rates. Uses As a safety valve to provide limited flow after closing in the event of a broken Hose tubing hose . See also Mass flow controller Needle valve References reflist Tech stub Category Plumbing Category Hydraulics Category Pneumatics Category Fluid dynamics ru ... more details
In computer networking , a mouse flow is a short in total bytes Flow computer networking flow set up by a TCP or other protocol flow measured over a network link. A mouse is a flow with less than C packets. An elephant flow is a flow with at least C packets. The constant C is left as a degree of freedom in the analysis. C is chosen depending on the target application. ref cite journal url http hal.inria.fr docs 00 39 73 14 PDF Hal.pdf title Adaptive Algorithms for the Identification of Large Flows in IP Traffic author Azzana, Y Chabchoub, Y Fricker, C Guillemin, F. and Robert, P. ref . See also Pareto principle Elephant flow References reflist DEFAULTSORT Mouse Flow Category Network performance ... more details
Energy flow is the transfer of energy and may refer to Energy flow ecology , the flow of energy through a biological food chain Energy esotericism flow, the movement of spiritual energy. Energy transfer , the transfer of physical energy from one body to another or from one place to another. BTTB album Energy Flow , a 1999 song by Ryuichi Sakamoto disambig ... more details
The flow coefficient of a device is a relative measure of its efficiency at allowing fluid flow. It describes the relationship between the pressure drop across an orifice , valve or other assembly and the corresponding volumetric flow rate flow rate . Mathematically the flow coefficient can be expressed as math C v F sqrt dfrac Delta P SG math where br C sub v sub Flow coefficient or flow capacity rating of valve. br F Rate of flow US gallons per minute . br SG Specific gravity of fluid Water 1 . br P Pressure drop across valve psi . In more practical terms, the flow coefficient C sub v sub is the volume in US gallons of water at 60 F that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve. The use of the flow coefficient offers a standard method of comparing .... The general definition of the flow coefficient can be expanded into equations modeling the flow of liquids, gases and steam as follows Coefficient of discharge is the ratio of actual flow rate to theoretical discharge. For gas flow in a pneumatic system the C sub v sub for the same assembly can be used with a more complex equation. ref Swagelok C sub v sub Flow Coefficient http www.swagelok.com downloads webcatalogs EN MS 06 84.PDF Swagelok CV Flow Coefficient ref ref http generant.com cvcalc.aspx ... differential pressure. For air flow at room temperature, when the outlet pressure is less than 1 2 the absolute inlet pressure, the flow becomes quite simple although it reaches sonic velocity internally . With C sub v sub 1.0 and 200 psia inlet pressure the flow is 100 standard cubic feet per minute scfm . The flow is proportional to the absolute inlet pressure so that the flow in scfm would equal the C sub v sub flow coefficient if the inlet pressure were reduced to 2 psia and the outlet were ... Online Calculation of pressure drop with flow coefficient http www.novanumeric.com samples.php?CalcName Valves Online Cv Calculator For Multiple conditions DEFAULTSORT Flow Coefficient Category Fluid ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 In fluid mechanics , external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and or concentration gradients are negligible.It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it. An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade,air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines. DEFAULTSORT External Flow Category Aerodynamics Category Fluid dynamics Fluiddynamics stub ... more details
Noref date March 2011 In differential geometry , the Yamabe flow is an intrinsic geometric flow a process which deforms the metric tensor metric of a Riemannian manifold . It is the negative L2 norm L sup 2 sup gradient flow of the normalized total scalar curvature , restricted to a given conformal class it can be interpreted as deforming a Riemannian metric to a conformal metric of constant scalar curvature, when this flow converges. It was introduced by Richard Hamilton professor Richard Hamilton shortly after the Ricci flow , as an approach to solve the Yamabe problem on manifolds of positive conformal Yamabe invariant . Category Geometric flow Category Riemannian geometry ... more details
In fluid dynamics the flow velocity , or velocity field , of a fluid is a vector field which is used to mathematically describe the motion of a fluid. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed . Definition The flow velocity u of a fluid is a vector field math mathbf u mathbf u mathbf x ,t math which gives the velocity of an fluid parcel element of fluid at a position math mathbf x , math and time math t , math . The flow speed q is the length of the flow velocity vector ref citation first1 R. last1 Courant author1 link Richard Courant first2 K.O. last2 Friedrichs author2 link Kurt Otto Friedrichs edition 5th publisher Springer year 1977 isbn 0387902325 , p. 24 ref math q mathbf u math and is a scalar field. Uses The flow velocity of a fluid effectively describes everything about the motion of a fluid. Many physical properties of a fluid can be expressed mathematically in terms of the flow velocity. Some common examples follow Steady flow Main Steady flow The flow of a fluid is said to be steady if math mathbf u math does not vary with time. That is if math frac partial mathbf u partial t 0. math Incompressible flow Main Incompressible flow A fluid is incompressible if the divergence of math mathbf u math is zero math nabla cdot mathbf u 0. math That is, if math mathbf u math is a solenoidal vector field . Irrotational flow main Irrotational flow A flow is irrotational if the Curl mathematics curl of math mathbf u math is zero math nabla times mathbf u 0. math That is, if math mathbf u math is an irrotational vector field . Vorticity Main Vorticity The vorticity , math omega math , of a flow can be defined in terms of its flow velocity by math omega nabla times mathbf u . math Thus in irrotational flow the vorticity is zero. The velocity potential main Potential flow If an irrotational flow occupies a simply connected fluid region then there exists a scalar ... is called the velocity potential for the flow. See Irrotational vector field . Notes and references ... more details
Transient flow is such a flow where the velocity and pressure changes over time. Transient flows usually occurs during the starting or stopping of a pump , the opening or closing of a tank , or simple changes in tank levels. Transient flow usually refers to Jerk physics surge or water hammer . The main reason transient flow can be a problem is it can cause pressure that would exceed the limits of pipes, fittings, etc. External links http www.fluidmechanic.co.uk transient.htm Category Fluid mechanics Category Hydraulics pt Golpe de ar ete ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In fluid mechanics , internal flow is a flow for which the fluid is confined by a surface. Hence the boundary layer is unable to develop without eventually being constrained. The internal flow configuration represents a convenient geometry for heating and cooling fluids used in chemical processing, environmental control, and energy conversion technologies. An example includes flow in a pipe. Category Fluid mechanics Fluiddynamics stub ... more details
unref date October 2011 context date October 2011 Flow waveform is a shape of air flow, a flow pattern that is blowed into the patient airways . Modern ventilators lung ventilators are able to generate into breathing circuit three basic waveforms of flow squared waveform descending waveform sinusoidal waveform References reflist Category Fluid dynamics respiratory stub ... more details
refimprove date December 2007 Helicoidal flow is the cork screw like flow of water in a meander . It is one example of a secondary flow . Helicoidal flow is a contributing factor to the formation of slip off slopes and river cliffs in a meandering section of the river. The helicoidal motion of the flow aids the processes of hydraulic action and corrasion on the outside of the meander, and sweeps sediment across the floor of the meander towards the inside of the meander. ref blockquote One of the important consequences of helical flow in meanders is that sediment eroded from the outside of a meander bend tends to be moved to the inner bank or point bar of the next downstream bend. blockquote Citation last Hickin first Edward J. contribution Meandering Channels year 2003 title Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks editor last Middleton editor first Gerard V. volume pages 432 place New York publisher Springer id ISBN 1 402 008724 ref Notes reflist References http www.agu.org pubs crossref 2002 2001JC001082.shtml Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 107 2002 See also Laminar flow Turbulent flow Baer s law Secondary flow River bends Secondary flow in river bends Category Rivers nn Helikoid straum ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
