Electrohydrodynamics EHD , also known as electro fluid dynamics EFD or electrokinetics , is the study of the dynamics mechanics dynamics of electrically charged fluids. ref name Castellanos cite book author Castellanos, A. title Electrohydrodynamics year 1998 ref It is the study of the motions of ion ised particles or molecules and their interactions with electric field s and the surrounding fluid. The term may be considered to be synonymous with the rather elaborate electrostrictive hydrodynamics . EHD covers the following types of particle and fluid transport mechanisms Electrophoresis , electrokinesis, dielectrophoresis , electro osmosis , and electrorotation . In general, the phenomena relate to the direct conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy , and vice versa . In the first instance, shaped electrostatic field s create hydrostatic pressure or motion in dielectric media . When such media are fluid s, a Fluid dynamics flow is produced. If the dielectric is a vacuum or a solid , no flow is produced. Such flow can be directed against the electrode s, generally to move the electrodes. In such case, the moving structure acts as an electric motor . Practical fields of interest of EHD are the common air ioniser , Electrohydrodynamic thruster s and EHD cooling systems. In the second instance, the converse takes place. A powered flow of medium within a shaped electrostatic field adds energy to the system which is picked up as a potential difference by electrodes. In such case, the structure acts as an electrical generator . Electrokinesis Electrokinesis is the particle or fluid transport produced by an electric field acting on a fluid having a net mobile charge. See kinesis for explanation and further uses of the kinesis suffix. Electrokinesis was first observed by Reuss in 1809 and has been studied extensively since the 19th century. Such study is known as electrohydrodynamics or electrokinetics, and was documented by Thomas Townsend Brown in 1921. It was later ... more details
EHD may refer to Electrohydrodynamics Elastohydrodynamic lubrication External Hard Drive Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease European Heritage Days Extrahepatic Bile Duct , bile duct Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster Ebirah, Horror of the Deep , 1966 Godzilla film El Hadji Diouf , a Senegal ese association football footballer See also lookfrom intitle HD disambiguation EH disambiguation disambig Category Initialisms Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
EFD may refer to Employers Forum on Disability , a membership organization of UK businesses Europe of Freedom and Democracy , a right wing and Eurosceptic political grouping in the European Parliament . EFD eFunds Corporation , a payments service company Eidgen ssisches Finanzdepartement, the German name of the Swiss Federal Department of Finance Electro fluid dynamics, a synonym for Electrohydrodynamics Ellington Field , an airport southeast of Houston , Texas IATA airport code EFD Enterprise Flash Drive , a form of solid state drive for the storage of electronic data Enterprise Function Diagrams, a term used in Functional Software Architecture Enterprise Function Diagrams Functional Software Architecture Entertainment Film Distributors , a British distributor of independent films disambig de EFD it EFD ... more details
wiktionarypar hydro hydro hydr Hydro may refer to shortened name for hydropower , derived from water specifically hydroelectricity a word part meaning fluid examples are Magnetohydrodynamics and Electrohydrodynamics a generic name for an electric utility a generic name for electricity and electricity service Places Hydro, Oklahoma Utilities In Australia Snowy Hydro Limited Hydro Tasmania In Canada BC Hydro , British Columbia Hydro Qu bec , Quebec Hydro One , Ontario Hydro Ottawa Ontario Hydro Manitoba Hydro Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro Canadian Hydro Developers Toronto Hydro Winnipeg Hydro In Norway Norsk Hydro In Sweden Hydro fuel station In UK Scottish Hydro Electric Other uses Hydro Majestic Hotel in New South Wales, Australia SF Hydro SF Hydro , a Norwegian steam powered railway ferry sunk by the Norwegian resistance movement during World War II A ring name of professional wrestler Jamar Shipman See also Hydra disambiguation lookfrom hydro intitle hydro disambig nl Hydro ja no Hydro pt Hydro ur Hydro ... more details
Dr. Paul Alfred Biefeld 22 March 1867 &ndash 21 June 1943 was born in J hstadt , Saxony , Germany . He was the son of Heinrich and Wilhelmina Glaeser Biefeld, he moved to the United States in 1881. Biefeld received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin in 1894. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Zurich , Switzerland in 1900. He married Emma Bausch, of Frankfurt am Main , on 11 April 1900. He was the Assistant Principal of Appleton Wisconsin high school 1894 1897. Paul was the lab assistant in Physics and Electrical Engineering at the ETH Z rich , 1899 &ndash 1900, where he met Albert Einstein . Biefeld was the professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Hildburghausen Technikum , Germany 1900 &ndash 1906. He was also the professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Akron , Akron, Ohio in 1906 and continued until 1911. He arrived at Denison University in 1911 where he was the professor and lecturer of Astronomy and the Director of the Warner and Swasey Observatory . He continued to teach at Denison University and lived in Granville, Ohio until his death in June 1943. Biefeld joined the Yerkes Eclipse Expedition to Denver, Colorado in 1918. He was the research assistant at the Yerkes Observatory for the summer of 1919. Biefeld was part of the Yerkes Eclipse Expedition to Santa Catalina Island, California Catalina Island in September 1923. He is noted for his study of Electrohydrodynamics with Thomas Townsend Brown their discovery is known as the Biefeld Brown effect . Affiliations Member of the American Astronomical Society Member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Republican Party United States Republican Party Baptist References Who s Who in America 1924 1925 Vol. 13 Publisher A. N. Marquis & Company Chicago, 1924. Maple Grove Cemetery Record http www.kinfinder.com cemeteries MGIntBk RecordOfIntermentsPg164.jpg Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Biefeld, Paul Alfred ALTERNATIVE NAMES ... more details
Image Power fence.png thumb Power fence one possible setup by Alvin Marks of Marks Polarized Corporation, Advanced Research Development Inc., and Phototherm, Inc. A vaneless ion wind generator or power fence is a proposed wind power device that produces electrical energy directly by using the wind to pump electric charge from one electrode to another, with no moving parts . Wind energy is usually extracted to make electricity by means of a wind turbine . The bird deaths, vibrational noise, and moving shadows associated with wind turbines would not occur with ion based power generation. One design uses water sprayed from a nozzle facing a toroidal charged electrode. This induces an opposite charge in the water, and when the water flows out of the nozzle, each drop carries a small amount of charge. These water droplets are then blown by the wind, going through the center of the charged toroid without touching it. The droplets then hit a fine mesh, adding to its charge. The other alternative is to use the Ground electricity Earth as the second electrode. The main advantage of this system is that it has no moving parts except the water droplets. The disadvantages are that it needs a constant supply of water, its wind profile can t be reduced, it requires many small parts, and it has to be well crafted to reduce corona discharge losses. The device would produce direct current , which would need to be Inverter electrical inverted to apply to a standard AC power grid. Lord Kelvin created a similar device that used the energy of falling water droplets to generate high voltage , sometimes called Kelvin water dropper Kelvin s Thunderstorm . Patents US patent 4206396 Charged aerosol generator with uni electrode source Alvin Marks US patent 4433248 Charged aerosol wind electric power generator with solar and or gravitational regeneration Alvin Marks See also Electrohydrodynamics MHD generator External links http www.rexresearch.com marks marks.htm Collection of information abou ... more details
Electrical phenomena are commonplace and unusual events that can be observed which illuminate the principles of the physics of electricity and are explained by them. Electrical phenomena are a somewhat arbitrary division of electromagnetic phenomenon electromagnetic phenomena . Some examples are Biefeld Brown effect &mdash The effect is more widely referred to as electrohydrodynamics EHD or sometimes electro fluid dynamics, a counterpart to the well known magneto hydrodynamics. Contact electrification &mdash The phenomenon of electrification by contact. When two objects were touched together, sometimes the objects became spontaneously charged ne negative charge, one positive charge . Direct Current &mdash old Galvanic Current or continuous current The continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. Electroluminescence &mdash The phenomenon where a material emits light in response to an electric current passed through it, or to a strong electric field. Electrical conduction &mdash The movement of electrically charged particles through transmission medium. Electric shock &mdash Physiological reaction of a biological organism to the passage of electric current through its body. Ferroelectric effect &mdash The phenomenon whereby certain ionic crystals may exhibit a spontaneous dipole moment. Inductance &mdash The phenomenon whereby the property of a circuit by which energy is stored in the form of an electromagnetic field. Lightning &mdash powerful natural electrostatic discharge produced during a thunderstorm. Lightning s abrupt electric discharge is accompanied by the emission of light. Photoconductivity &mdash The phenomenon in which a material becomes more conductive due to the absorption of electro magnetic radiation such as visible light, ultraviolet light, or gamma radiation. Photoelectric effect &mdash Emission of electrons from a surface usually metallic upon exposure to, and absorption of, electromagnetic radiatio ... more details
terms, electrohydrodynamics propulsion and is given by the equation math F frac Id k math where ... in electrohydrodynamics, however, show that different classes and construction methods of EHD thrusters ..., the higher the resulting thrust. See also Alexander Prokofieff de Seversky Electrohydrodynamics ... more details
Optoelectrofluidics , also known as optically induced electrohydrodynamics , refers to the study of the motions of particles or molecules and their interactions with optically induced electric field and the surrounding fluid. This concept includes electrothermal vortex, electrophoresis , dielectrophoresis, and electroosmosis induced by combination of optical and electrical energy or by optical electrical energy transfer. In 1995, an electrothermal vortices induced by a strong IR infrared laser projected into an electric field have been utilized to concentrate microparticles and molecules. In 2000, UV ultraviolet pattern projected onto ITO indium tin oxide electrode has been applied for patterning colloidal particles. Illumination of the ITO electrode by UV light results in a small increase in the current from the generation of electron hole pairs at the ITO water interface. In 2005, optoelectronic tweezers OET , wherein a photoconductive material was utilized to induce electric field using the optical decrement of electrical resistance on a partially illuminated area, has been reported. After that, many researches in several view points have been performed as below. br Display Devices 1. DMD digital micromirror device based Optoelectronic Tweezers OET http www.nature.com nature journal v436 n7049 abs nature03831.html P.Y. Chiou, et al. , Nature 436 , pp.370 372 2005 br 2. Image projector Projector based Image Dielectrophoresis iDEP http www.springerlink.com content y27762g62327h33p Y. s. Lu, et al. , Opt. Quant. Elec. 37 , pp.1385 1395 2006 br 3. LCD liquid crystal display based Lab on a Display LOD http www.springerlink.com content r542711450468t52 W. Choi, et al. , Microfluid. Nanofluid. 3 , pp.217 225 2007 br 4. Lens integrated LCD based System http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 117919504 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 H. Hwang, et al. , Electrophoresis 29 , pp.1203 1212 2008 br System Configuration 1. Interactive & Microscope integrated System http www3.interscience.wiley.com ... more details
Cleanup date November 2007 Electrogravitics is a hypothesis proposed by Thomas Townsend Brown and Brown s subsequent extensive experimentation and demonstrations of the effect. The term was in widespread use by 1956. ref Kerstin Klasson, Developments in the Terminology of Physics and Technology . Page 30. ref The effects of electrogravity have been searched for extensively in countless experiments since the beginning of the 20th century to date, other than Brown s experiments and the more recent ones reported by R. L. Talley, ref name veritay Eugene Podkletnov , and Giovanni Modanese , no conclusive evidence of electrogravitic signatures has been found . Recently, some investigation has begun in electrohydrodynamics EHD or sometimes electro fluid dynamics , a counterpart to the well known magnetohydrodynamics , but these do not seem a priori to be related to Brown s electrogravitics . Electrokinetics is the term used by Brown for the electrically generated propulsive force. No widely accepted experimental data yet supports these calculations. Description The research, based upon Thomas Townsend Brown s hypotheses, includes the idea that electrogravitics could be used as a means of propulsion for aircraft and spacecraft . The field became popular in the mid 1950s, but rapidly declined in popularity within mainstream science thereafter. Electrogravitic processes use an electric field to electric charge charge or, more properly, polarization polarize Disambiguation needed date June 2011 an object. Electrostatic levitation is used, for instance, in Robert Millikan s oil drop experiment and is used to suspend the gyroscopes in Gravity Probe B during launch. Due to Earnshaw s theorem , no static arrangement of classical electrostatic fields can be used to stably levitate an object. There is a point where the two fields cancel, but it is unstable. However, it is possible to design a feedback control system that uses dynamically changing electric fields to hold an object in ... more details
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