places literacy , were common until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Today all but a few states deny ... rights are, in some cases, restored via executive on the state or federal level pardon . Image ElezioneBrunate.jpg ... more details
Varieties An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an election elected rather than hereditary .... Historically it is not uncommon, however, for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones after some centuries. Evolution of elective monarchies Arguably the world s oldest method to determine ..., if not most, kingdoms were officially elective historically, though the candidates were typically .... Female rulers have almost never succeeded in an elective monarchy, while hereditary ... and Byzantine emperor remained vaguely elective albeit with the election procedure never strictly ... Roman Empire is perhaps the best known example of a elective monarchy although it eventually became ... elective monarchies too. The same holds true for prince abbeys, whose prince abbesses or prince ... rulers in a pertaining territory. A system of elective monarchy existed in Anglo Saxon England Anglo ... was an elective monarchy at the time of the first House of Capet Capet ian kings the kings however ... functioned as both a constitutional and elective monarchy. The mansa emperor had to be approved by the Gbara or Great Assembly despite hereditary claims. The Kingdom of Kongo was a purer example of an elective ... for the successor to be of a different family as his predecessor. This form of elective ... known as Shura . In 1800, leaders in Malta drafted a Declaration of Rights which was presented ... World War II , the Principality of Pindus and Voivodship of Macedonia also was an elective monarchy ... vote of approval before being allowed to ascend to the throne. An attempt to create an elective ... be an elective monarch, ruling for good behavior i.e., for life, unless impeachment impeached and with extensive powers. Hamilton believed that elective monarchs has sufficient power domestically to resist ... term. The Empire of Haiti 1804 1806 Empire of Haiti established in 1804 was also elective. Election ... could emerge, with an election being held to choose between them. This differs from a formally elective ... more details
refimprove date January 2008 Wills, trusts, estates An elective share is a term used in United States American law relating to inheritance , which describes a proportion of an estate law estate which the surviving spouse of the deceased may claim in place of what they were left in the decedent s will law will . It may also be called a widow s share , statutory share , election against the will , or forced share . Function and operation The elective share is the modern version of the England English common law concepts of dower and curtesy , both of which reserved certain portions of a decedent ... by the law of the state where the estate is located. In most states, the elective share is between and of all ... How to Disinherit a Spouse The Elective Share ref , although many states require the marriage to have lasted a certain number of years for the elective share to be claimed, or adjust the share ... reduce the elective share if the surviving spouse is independently wealthy. In some jurisdictions, if the spouse claims the elective share, they get that amount, but nothing else from the estate. In other states, claiming an elective share has no effect on gifts under a will or through a trust though things given by will or trust may fulfill in part the elective share portion . Obviously, there would be no point in seeking an elective share if the surviving spouse has already been willed more than ... from becoming part of the elective share, so their value is subtracted from the total value of the estate before the elective share is calculated. Some states also permit children of the deceased to claim an elective share. Calculation of the augmented estate The elective share is usually calculated ... from taking too large of an elective share, if the decedent had already transferred substantial assets ... held jointly with the surviving spouse. The elective share in Florida gives a surviving spouse 30 of the elective estate, which includes all property owned by the decedent, property given away ... more details
refimprove date February 2010 An elective dictatorship also called executive dominance in political science is a phrase coined by the former Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom , Quintin Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham Lord Hailsham , in a Richard Dimbleby Lecture at the BBC in 1976. ref cite journal title Elective dictatorship journal The Listener date 21 October 1976 first last coauthors volume issue pages 496 500 id url format ref It describes the state in which Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament is dominated by the government of the day. It refers to the fact that the legislative programme of Parliament is determined by the government, and government bills virtually always pass the British House of Commons House of Commons because of the nature of the majoritarian first past the post electoral system, which almost always produces strong government, in combination with the imposition of Whip politics party discipline on the governing party s majority, which almost always ensures loyalty. In the absence of a codified constitution, this tendency toward executive dominance is compounded by the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 Parliament Acts and Salisbury Convention which circumscribe the House of Lords and their ability to block government initiatives. Constitutional background In the United Kingdom, ultimate legislative sovereignty resides in Parliament Parliamentary sovereignty . Parliament may pass any legislation on any subject it wishes. Parliament operates without restraints such as, for instance, an obligation to legislate in accordance with fundamental constitutional rights. The apparent exceptions to this rule are situations in which Parliament has chosen to limit itself as with the case of implemention of European Union law in which Parliament has given the European ... Assent then invariably follows. Hailsham coined the expression elective dictatorship to describe ... div class references small references div DEFAULTSORT Elective Dictatorship Category Westminster ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 Elective surgery from the Latin eligere , meaning to choose ref cite book title Mosby s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary edition 4 publisher Mosby location St. Louis, Missouri year 1994 page 530 oclc 29185395 ref is surgery that is scheduled in advance because it does not involve a medical emergency . Semi elective surgery is a surgery that must be done to preserve the patient s life, but does not need to be performed immediately. By contrast, an urgent surgery is one that can wait until the patient is medically stable, but should generally be done today or tomorrow, and an emergency surgery is one that must be performed without delay the patient has no choice other than immediate surgery, if he does not want to risk permanent disability or death. ref cite web http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 14368 work MedTerms publisher MedicineNet title Surgery, elective ref Most surgeries are elective. Types Elective surgeries include all optional surgeries performed for non medical reasons, i.e., cosmetic surgery . They also include most ... and aesthetic surgeries are elective surgeries are pre scheduled at a time that is mutually convenient ... are also elective surgeries. For example, cataract surgery , mastectomy for breast cancer, and the Kidney transplantation donation of a kidney by a living donor are performed as elective surgeries. Increasing ..., surgeons speak of semi elective surgery the peccant part must be dealt with, but a delay is not expected ... semi elective surgeries may be postponed until emergent conditions have been addressed and the patient ... elective and semi elective procedures until after giving birth. In some situations, an urgently needed .... Semi elective procedures are typically scheduled within a time frame deemed appropriate for the patient ... elective surgery, to be performed within a set number of days or weeks. Urgent surgery is typically .... Many surgeries can be performed as either elective or emergency surgeries, depending on the patient ... more details
refimprove date March 2011 Elective mutism is the former name for selective mutism , a childhood anxiety disorder. Elective mutism was defined as a refusal to speak in almost all social situations despite normal ability to do so , while selective mutism is considered to be a failure to speak in specific situations and is strongly associated with social anxiety disorder . In contrast to selective mutism, someone who is electively mute may not speak in any situation, as is usually shown in books and movies. Elective mutism is often attributed to defiance or the effect of trauma. History In 1877, a German physician named the disorder aphasia voluntaria to describe children who were able to speak normally but often refused to. ref http www.brighttots.com Selective Mutism.html Bright Tots Selective Mutism ref In 1980, a study by Torey Hayden identified four subtypes of Elective Mutism ref Torey Hayden. http www.torey hayden.com research classification of elective mutism.pdf Classification of Elective Mutism ref Symbiotic mutism the most common form, caused by a vocal and dominating mother and absent father very rarely the other way around and characterized by the use of mutism as controlling behavior around other adults. Speech phobic mutism the least common, in which the child showed distinct fear at hearing a recording of his or her voice. This also involved ritualistic behaviors, which ... included Elective Mutism in its third edition, published in 1980. Elective mutism was described as a continuous ... factors included maternal overprotection , mental retardation, and trauma. Elective mutism in the third ... elective mutism is no longer recognized by most psychiatrists, it is a popular character element ... Cut by Patricia McCormick, the main character, Callie, is an elective mute. The popularity of Speak and Cut have most likely done a great deal to spread the conception of elective mutism as refusal to speak ... Elective Mutism Category Anxiety disorders Category Childhood psychiatric disorders Category Oral ... more details
Infobox film name The Elective Affinities image Les affinit s lectives.jpg image size caption director Paolo and Vittorio Taviani producer Jean Claude Cecile br Grazia Volpi writer Paolo and Vittorio Taviani br Johann Wolfgang Goethe starring Isabelle Huppert music cinematography Giuseppe Lanci editing Roberto Perpignani distributor released 14 November 1996 runtime 98 minutes country Film Italy br Film France language Italian budget The Elective Affinities lang it Le affinit elettive , lang fr Les affinit s lectives is a 1996 in film 1996 cinema of Italy Italian cinema of France French comedy film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani . It was screened out of competition at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival . ref name festival cannes.com cite web url http www.festival cannes.com en archives ficheFilm id 4707 year 1996.html title Festival de Cannes The Elective Affinities accessdate 2009 09 20 work festival cannes.com ref Cast Isabelle Huppert Carlotta Fabrizio Bentivoglio Ottone Jean Hugues Anglade Edoardo Marie Gillain Ottilia Massimo Popolizio Marchese Laura Marinoni Marchesa Consuelo Ciatti Governante Stefania Fuggetta Agostina Gavino Bondioli Guardiacaccia Massimo Grigo Cameriere Adelaide Foti Albergatrice Giancarlo Carboni Medico Giancarlo Giannini Narrator voice See also Isabelle Huppert filmography References reflist External links imdb title id 0115478 title The Elective Affinities DEFAULTSORT Elective Affinities, The Category 1996 films Category Italian films Category French films Category 1990s comedy films Category Films directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani 1990s Italy film stub es Las afinidades electivas pel cula fr Les Affinit s lectives film it Le affinit elettive film ... more details
For the 1996 film based on the novel The Elective Affinities Infobox Book name Elective Affinities title orig Die Wahlverwandtschaften image File Elective Affinities.png image caption Elective Affinities ... pub date 1809 Elective Affinities lang de Die Wahlverwandtschaften , also translated under the title ... 1?version 1 Book Review of Goethe s Elective Affinities. ref ref Smith, Peter, D. 2001 . http www.prometheus.demon.co.uk 04 04smith.htm Elective Affinities . Abstract from the article that appears in Prometheus ... Goethe s Elective Affinity and the Chemistry of its Time , wherein he thoroughly studied Goethe s use of chemical theory in Elective Affinities . By extending the reference of an established chemical ... theory of affinity. The term elective affinities is based on the older notion of chemical affinities ... at the age of 14, used Goethe s conception of human elective affinities to formulate a large part of sociology ... 3A2 3C366 3AMWEASW 3E2.0.CO 3B2 3&size LARGE Max Weber s Elective Affinities Sociology within the Bounds ... , the phrase elective affinities or chemical affinities was used to describe Chemical compound ... to Oxford World Classics translation of Goethe s Elective Affinities . Oxford University Press ... sociable we may recall here the importance of the mediator in Goethe s Elective Affinities Engl. trans ... Magical Attraction . Goethe s Elective Affinity and the Chemistry of its Time , Munich. ref ... und Geistesgeschichte, 56, 1 64. br ref File Elective Affinities 1809.png left 250px thumb 1809 title page of German polymath Johann Goethe s Elective Affinities or Die Wahlverwandtschaften ... Adler, Jeremy. 1990 . Goethe s Use of Chemical Theory in his Elective Affinities ch. 18, pgs. 263 79 ... displacement reaction double elective affinity , between a married couple Eduard and Charlotte BA , at the end ... Astrida Tantillo s 2001 book Goethe s Elective Affinities and the Critics ref Tantillo, Astrida, O. 2001 . http www.boydell.co.uk 71132120.HTM Goethe s Elective Affinities and the Critics . Camden ... more details
Elective caesarean section AE elective cesarean section refers to a caesarean section CS that is performed on a pregnant woman on the basis of an obstetrical or medical indication or at the request of the pregnant patient. 1 ref name NIH cite journal author NIH year 2006 title State of the Science Conference Statement. Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request journal Obstet Gynecol volume 107 pages 1386 1397 doi 10.1097 00006250 200606000 00027 pmid 16738168 issue 6 See also http consensus.nih.gov 2006 CesareanStatement Final053106.pdf ref The elective CS is usually also a planned CS and executed prior to labor. In contrast, a CS done during labor by necessity is termed an emergency caesarean section . Indication based When it is clear during a pregnancy, but prior to labor, that there is a medical or obstetrical reason to choose delivery via caesarean section, physicians will commonly perform the operation at a scheduled time, rather than waiting for the onset of labor. Such planned caesarean sections are performed for many reasons, including history of previous caesarean section, placenta previa , abnormal presentations, multiple pregnancy , known obstructions of labor, medical conditions such as heart disease . The advantages of performing the delivery at a scheduled time include use of daytime services when hospital resources are optimal, and the ability to plan and prepare for the event ... or compromised delivery. Prenatal testing mitigates this risk. Critics of elective caesarean section ... time and weekend work, that an inappropriate incentive exists to suggest elective surgery. ref ... of litigation is cited to drive the elective caesarean section rate higher ref name Kwee cite ... Michael J. McMahon year 1996 title Comparison of a Trial of Labor with an Elective Second Cesarean Section ... term that has been used is planned elective cesarean section . ref cite web author Hannah, Mary E. title Planned elective cesarean section A reasonable choice for some women? url http www.cmaj.ca cgi ... more details
Infobox Painting image file Magritte36.jpg backcolor FBF5DF painting alignment right image size 300px title Elective Affinities artist Ren Magritte year 1933 type Oil painting Oil on canvas height 41 width 33 height inch 20 width inch 20 diameter cm diameter inch city museum Private collection Elective Affinities lang fr Les affinit s lectives is a 1933 in art 1933 painting by the Belgium Belgian Surrealism surrealist Ren Magritte . The title is taken from the Johann Wolfgang von Goethe book Elective Affinities . ref Gablik, Suzi, Magritte . Thames & Hudson, New York 2000 , pg 101. ref Magritte had the following to say about this work One night, I woke up in a room in which a cage with a bird sleeping in it had been placed. A magnificent error caused me to see an egg in the cage, instead of the vanished bird. I then grasped a new and astonishing poetic secret, for the shock which I experienced had been provoked precisely by the affinity of two objects the cage and the egg to each other, whereas previously this shock had been caused by my bringing together two objects that were unrelated. ref Quoted in Paquet, Marcel, Magritte . Taschen 2006 , Koln, Germany, pg. 26. ref References references Rene Magritte Painting stub Category Ren Magritte paintings Category Surrealist paintings nl De zielsverwantschappen ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Elective Affinities Description Low resolution 230px cover of Goethe s Elective Affinities , H.M. Waidson translation Source It is believed that the cover art can or could be obtained from OneWorld Classics. Portion The entire front cover. Because the image is a book cover, a form of product packaging, the entire image is needed to identify the product, properly convey the meaning and branding intended, and avoid tarnishing or misrepresenting the image. Low resolution The copy is of sufficient resolution 230px for commentary and identification but lower resolution than the original book cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, unsuitable as artwork on pirate versions or other uses that would compete with the commercial purpose of the original artwork. Purpose Main infobox. The image is used for identification in the context of critical commentary of the work for which it serves as cover art. It makes a significant contribution to the user s understanding of the article, which could not practically be conveyed by words alone.The image is placed in the infobox at the top of the article discussing the work, to show the primary visual image associated with the work, and to help the user quickly identify the work and know they have found what they are looking for.Use for this purpose does not compete with the purposes of the original work, namely the book cover creator s ability to provide book cover design services and in turn marketing books to the public. Replaceability As a book cover, the image is not replaceable by free content any other image that shows the packaging of the book would also be copyrighted, and any version that is not true to the original would be inadequate for identification or commentary. other information Use of the book cover in the article complies with Wikipedia non free content policy and fair use under United States copyright law as described above. Licensing Non free book cover ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2011 Rights Some philosophy philosophers and political science political scientists make a distinction between claim rights and liberty rights . A claim right is a rights right ... only freedom or permission for the right holder. The distinction between these two senses of rights ... Legal Conceptions, As Applied in Judicial Reasoning and Other Legal Essays . Liberty rights and claim rights are the inverse of one another a person has a liberty right permitting him to do something ..., such claim rights do not entail liberty rights e.g. laws prohibiting vigilante justice establishing ... enforcement might otherwise have prevented. To illustrate, a world with only liberty rights, without any claim rights, would by definition be a world wherein everything was permitted and no act .... Conversely, a world with only claim rights and no liberty rights would be a world wherein ... other from doing things which are permissible, their liberty rights limited only by the obligation ... order rights Hohfeld s original analysis included two other types of right besides claims or rights .... Powers are liberty rights regarding the modification of first order rights, e.g. the United States Congress U.S. Congress has certain powers to modify some of U.S. citizens legal rights , inasmuch as it can impose or remove legal duties. Immunities, conversely, are claim rights regarding the modification of first order rights, e.g. U.S. citizens have, per their United States Constitution Constitution , certain immunities limiting the positive powers of the U.S. Congress to modify their legal rights ..., or grouped together into active rights liberties and powers and passive rights claims and immunities . These different types of rights can be used as building blocks to explain relatively complex matters ... may have immunity rights protecting your claims and liberties regarding the computer. See also Constitutionalism Constitutional economics Rule according to higher law Negative and positive rights Freedom ... more details
wiktionary equal rights Equal rights can refer to Equality before the law , when all people have the same rights Human rights , when such rights are held in common by all people Civil rights , when such rights are held in common by all citizens of a nation Women s rights , when such rights are held in common by both men and women Equal Rights Amendment , a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that intended to advance such a condition for women s rights Equal liberty It can also refer to Equal Rights motto , motto of the state of Wyoming, USA Equal Rights journal Equal Rights journal , a 1920s feminism feminist journal Equal Rights album Equal Rights album , a 1977 reggae release by Peter Tosh See also Equal Rights Party disambiguation Equality disambiguation Social equality disambig fr Equal Rights ... more details
Dead to Rights may refer to Wiktionarypar lace Dead to Rights catch phrase , an American catchphrase Dead to Rights , a video game from Namco Disambig ... more details
The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to rightsRights &ndash normative ... s. Theoretical distinctions Natural and legal rights Natural law Positive law Social rights Social contract Claim rights and liberty rights Claim legal Claim Entitlement Liberty Political freedom Freedom Negative and positive rights Individual rights Group rights Other divisions Three generations of human rights Civil and political rights and Economic, social and cultural rights By claimant Animal rights Human rights Men s rights Fathers rights Women s rights Mothers rights Children s rights List of children s rights topics Youth rights List of youth rights topics Fetal rights Student rights Indigenous rights Minority rights LGBT rights Other types Authors rights Digital rights Labor rights Linguistic rights Reproductive rights Right to arms Disability rights Marital rights Prisoners rights Prisoner of war Property rights Right to life Right to die Divine Right of Kings Unenumerated rights Equal rights Fundamental rights Political freedom Freedom of assembly Freedom of association ... Universal Declaration of Human Rights International Court of Justice Laws of war By religion Manusm ti Confucianism Qur an Ten Commandments Bushido Juche History main History of human rights Age of Enlightenment Bill of rights Important bills of rights Important bills of rights Gender or Sex segregation ... States African American Civil Rights Movement American Indian Movement Religious segregation Residential segregation Related concepts Movements Animal liberation movement Carers rights movement Children s rights movement Civil rights movement Disability rights movement LGBT social movements Fathers rights movement Parents rights movement Women s rights movement Crimes against humanity main Crime ... rights leaders List of disability rights activists List of LGBT rights activists List of opponents of slavery List of suffragists and suffragettes List of women s rights activists Individuals Proponents ... more details
Moral rights may mean several things Moral rights copyright law are a subset of the rights of creators of copyrighted works, including the right of attribution, the right to have a work published anonymously or pseudonymously, and the right to the integrity of the work. Natural and legal rights Natural rights , also called moral rights or inalienable rights, are rights which are not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or polity. disambiguation ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 The rights ethics is a protest towards Moral absolutism absolutist ethics . It acknowledges the existence of natural and legal rights moral rights . Those rights include liberty rights and Welfare state welfare rights . Works Two important relevant documents were written in 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The French Declaration of the Rights of Man United States Bill of Rights Philosophers John Locke Thomas Jefferson Gustavo Gutierrez Henry David Thoreau See also Moral absolutism Philosophy topics Category Concepts in ethics Category Rights Category Social concepts Philo stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Patients rights are the rights to which people are entitled as recipients of medical care. These may vary between countries. U.S. U.S. Patients Bill of Rights U.K. Patient s Charter DEFAULTSORT Rights Of The Patient Category Healthcare ... more details
Declaration of Rights may refer to Bill of Rights 1689 , enacted by the Parliament of England Declaration of Rights and Grievances , 1765 colonial protest in North America to the British Stamp Act Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress , 1774 enumeration of colonial rights early in the American Revolution Virginia Declaration of Rights , adopted in Virginia in 1776 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , adopted in France in 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793 , written in France in 1793 Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World , adopted at a 1920 convention in New York chaired by Marcus Garvey Universal Declaration of Human Rights , adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007 Declaration of Rights , a song originally by the reggae group The Abyssinians and covered by several other artists disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Substantive rights are basic human rights possessed by people in an ordered society and includes rights granted by natural law as well as the substantive law . Substantive rights involve a right to the substance of being human life, liberty, happiness , rather than a right to a procedure to enforce that right, which is defined by procedural law . DEFAULTSORT Substantive Rights Category Law Category Human rights by issue ... more details
Last Rights may refer to Last Rights album Last Rights album , a 1992 album by Canadian industrial band Skinny Puppy Last Rights TV serial Last Rights TV serial , a 2005 British television miniseries A hardcore band from Boston fronted by Choke Jack Kelly from Negative FX Last Rights a novel by Tim Sebastian 1993 See also Last Rites disambiguation disambig ... more details
the resell rights when you sell this type of product. Citation needed date December 2008 Master resell rights When you acquire master resell rights, you sell the product service to your customers, and you may also grant your customers the right to sell it. You can also pass master resell rights to your customers, if you are in possession of transferable master resell rights. This allows your customers to also sell the product with master resell rights. Private label With Private label rights private label resell rights, you may not only resell the product but you may also edit the content or product and claim it as your own work meaning, you become its author . Private Label Rights vary, with licenses ... resell rights, you may replace the author links with yours. That is in addition to normal resell rights. Typically, resell rights can not be sold with any rights other than regular distribution. Source ... more details
Environment and Rights is the quarterly journal put out by the Bellona St. Petersburg St. Petersburg branch of the Bellona Foundation Environmental Rights Center Bellona . External links http ecopravo.info Environment and Rights &ndash information about the journal in Russian Category Environmental science journals Environment stub ... more details
Rights See also Economic, social and cultural rights Social rights are those rights arising from the social contract , in contrast to natural rights which arise from the natural law , but before the establishment of legal rights by positive law . For example, James Madison advocated that a right such as trial by jury arose neither from nature nor from a constitution of government, but from reified implications of the social contract . ref Introduction of the Bill of Rights in congress, 1789 Jun 8, Jul 21, Aug 13, 18 19 Annals 1 424 50, 661 65, 707 17, 757 59, 766. ref Cecile Fabre argues that it is legitimate to constrain democratic majorities, by way of the constitution, to respect and promote those fundamental rights of ours that protect the secure exercise of our autonomy and enable us to achieve well being. Insofar as, by virtue of Ch. 1, social rights are such fundamental rights, it follows that they should be constitutionalized. ref Fabre, Cecile. 3. Constitutional Social Rights. Social Rights Under the Constitution 1 67 110. ref From a legal standpoint several approaches exercise and guarantee social rights social rights under the constitution are rights of subjects or subject rights . This assures that the public receives equal distribution of collective and private interests. ref Societies Without Borders Jul2009, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p158 174, 17p ref Clarify date April 2011 References Reflist Category Social issues Humanrights stub Ethics stub Philo stub bg cs Soci ln pr va es Derechos sociales fr Droits sociaux lt Socialin teis nl Sociaal recht ja pt Direitos sociais ru sr fi Sosiaalioikeus tr T rkiye de sosyal g venlik hukuku zh ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
