Cleanup date July 2008 Wiktionary Effectiveness means the capability of producing an wikt effect effect , and is most frequently used in connection with the degree to which something is capable of producing a specific, desired effect. In mathematics , effective is sometimes used as a synonym of computable function algorithmically computable . In physics , an effective theory is, similar to a Phenomenology science phenomenological theory, a framework intended to explain certain observed effects without the claim that the theory correctly models the underlying unobserved processes. An example is an effective field theory that pretends that certain effects are caused by a Field physics field even if it is known that this is not actually the case. In a way, any theory of Physics is fundamentally an effective theory, since there is no meaningful distinction of observables and reality within the scope of Physics see also For All Practical Purposes FAPP , cogito ergo sum , Phenomenalism , Pragmatism . In heat transfer , effectiveness is a measure of the performance of a heat exchanger when using the NTU method . In medicine , effectiveness relates to how well a treatment works in practice, as opposed to efficacy , which measures how well it works in clinical trial s or laboratory studies. In management , effectiveness relates to getting the right things done . Peter Drucker reminds us that effectiveness is an important discipline which can be learned and must be earned. ref Drucker, Peter F. The Effective Executive The Definitive Guide to Getting the Right Things Done Harperbusiness Essentials . New York Collins, 2006 ref . In human computer interaction , effectiveness is defined ... is not necessarily efficient . An ordinary way to distinguish among effectiveness, efficacy, and efficiency ... things done, i.e. meeting targets effectiveness doing right things, i.e. setting right targets to achieve an overall goal the effect effectivity synonymous to effectiveness usage is rather rare References ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date February 2008 Sales effectiveness refers to the ability of a company s sales professionals to win at each stage of the customer s buying process, and ultimately earn the business on the right terms and in the right timeframe. Improving sales effectiveness is not just a sales function issue it s a company issue, as it requires deep collaboration between sales and marketing to understand what s working and not working, and continuous improvement of the knowledge, messages, skills, and strategies that sales people apply as they work sales opportunities. Sales effectiveness has historically been used to describe a category of technologies and consulting services aimed at helping companies improve their sales results. Many companies are creating sales effectiveness functions and have even given people titles such as VP of Sales Effectiveness. Examples Sales Force Automation and Customer Relationship Management solutions such as Salesforce.com and Oracle CRM on Demand Sales Knowledge Management solutions such as Kadient and StreetSmarts Sales Intelligence solutions such as Generate and iLantern Sales process consulting companies such as Accenture and Capgemini Category Selling techniques ... more details
refimprove date May 2008 Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how effectiveness effective an organization is in achieving the outcome s the organization intends to produce. ref Etzioni, Amitia. 1964 . Modern Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. ref The idea of organizational effectiveness is especially important for non profit organization s as most people who donate money to non profit organizations and charities are interested in knowing whether the organization is effective in accomplishing its goals. According to Richard et al. 2009 organizational effectiveness captures organizational performance plus the plethora of internal performance outcomes normally associated with more efficient or effective operations and other external measures that relate to considerations that are broader than those simply associated with economic valuation either by shareholders, managers, or customers , such as corporate social responsibility . ref Richard et al. 2009 Measuring Organizational Performance Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management. ref An organization s effectiveness is also dependent on its communicative competence and ethics. The relationship between these three are simultaneous. Ethics is a foundation found within organizational effectiveness. An organization must exemplify respect, honesty, integrity and equity to allow communicative competence with the participating members. Along with ethics and communicative competence, members in that particular ... sources of grant money grants and other types of funds are interested in organizational effectiveness ... as a venture capital ist would in picking a company in which to invest. Organizational effectiveness ... effectiveness, the organization determines proxy measures which will be used to represent effectiveness ... and the delivery of those meals to house bound people, it measures its organizational effectiveness ... the organization in achieving its desired outcomes. The term Organizational Effectiveness is often used ... more details
Wikify date June 2009 Comparative Effectiveness Research CER is the direct comparison of existing health ... and harms. The core question of comparative effectiveness research is which treatment works ... openbook.php?record id 12648&page 29 Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness ... cgi content extract 316 7127 285 ref . These clinical research trials measure effectiveness the benefit ... Effectiveness Research. The http www.ahrq.gov Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ... together to build consensus on practical models for comparative effectiveness research. http www.ecri.org ... Effectiveness Research in the 2010 Health Care Reform The rising cost of medical care in the U.S. ... emphasis to informed patient choice for preference sensitive care, improving quality, safety, and effectiveness ... for increasing quality while reducing rising costs. ref Science Magazine Comparative Effectiveness ... 301 23 2488 Does comparative effectiveness have a comparative edge? JAMA. 2009 301 2488 2490. In 2009, The Institute of Medicine released Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness ... Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority ... identifying ways to design and implement the new federal comparative effectiveness research program without stifling valuable innovation in health care. Comparative effectiveness research is conducted ... the health care blog 2010 01 comparative effectiveness research and kindred delusions.html Comparative effectiveness research and Kindred Delusions. Hadler, Nortin. http www.thehealthcareblog.com the health care blog 2010 06 comparative effectiveness research removing the barriers.html A Tale of Two Diseases Repairing Comparative Effectiveness Research. Williams, David. http www.cedarecon.com Cedar Associates LLC Clinical Effectiveness Decision Analytical Research http www.economist.com ... use of comparative effectiveness reviews and cost benefit analyses will stifle medical innovation ... more details
Personal effectiveness is a branch of the self help movement dealing with success, goals, and related concepts. Personal effectiveness integrates some ideas from the power of positive thinking and Positive Psychology but in general it is distinct from the New Thought Movement . A primary differentiating factor is that Personal Effectiveness proponents generally take a more systematic approach including a number of factors beside simple positive thinking. Some proponents take an approach with similarities to business process management techniques. Others may take a holistic spiritual and physical wellness approach. Beginnings Many of the ideas behind the personal effectiveness movement derive from the field of business and management. Such luminaries as Peter Drucker , W. Edwards Deming , and Genichi Taguchi revolutionized business and industry in the mid 20th century by focusing on such concepts as quality, efficiency, and optimization. In particular, Drucker s ideas of Management by Objectives as explained in his 1954 book The Practice of Management emphasized the importance of clarity of roles, responsibilities, and expectations. They als outlined the framework of SMART project management SMART goal setting . In the management field, these advancements branched into the Leadership movement for examples see Ken Blanchard , Jim Collins and the more technical advancements including lean manufacturing lean thinking , and six sigma . Overview Early self help classics such as Dale ... comprehensive approach to personal effectiveness began to emerge. A watershed benchmark of the genre ... centric and broadly applicable approach to effectiveness in business and in personal life and has ... personal effectiveness gurus typically revolve around traditional publishing, but may also include ... which embraces the open source paradigm of free content. Noteworthy open source personal effectiveness ... Habits of Highly Effective People sllyy.2009 2011 DEFAULTSORT Personal Effectiveness Category Personal ... more details
Aid effectiveness is the effectiveness of development aid in achieving economic development economic ... looking for new ways to improve aid effectiveness, including conditionality , capacity building ... kaufmann.aspx Aid Effectiveness and Governance The Good, the Bad and the Ugly , Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings ... effectiveness movement began taking shape in the late 1990s. Donor governments and aid agencies began ... countries, to harmonise their work in order to improve its impact. The aid effectiveness movement ..., countries from around the world endorsed the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness , a more comprehensive ... aim of aid effectiveness efforts today is to help developing countries build well functioning ... on aid. Related research on aid effectiveness Refimprove date April 2010 Micro Macro ... macro paradox. One challenge for assessing the effectiveness of aid is that not all aid is intended ... volume 21 issue 2 pages 255 277 ref Studies and Literature on Aid Effectiveness One problem of the studies .... Also, geographically challenged countries would display lower effectiveness with respect to aid ... orientated action and ongoing performance assessments are essential for the sake of aid effectiveness ... of the way in which aid is provided through Redesigning aid architecture and improving aid effectiveness ... Agenda for Action AAA and Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness s indicators are too narrowly defined and lack depth. ref Wathne, Cecilie and Hedger, Edward 2009. Aid effectiveness through the recipient ... the quality as well as the effectiveness of aid Aryeetey, 1995 Sowa 1997 . However, this argument would ... and aid effectiveness are two different things and it would be difficult to pursue commercial interest without compromising aid effectiveness. Thus, the idea of maximizing development should be separated ... of International Development, Vol 17. Issue 8 ref Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, February ... Effectiveness, hosted by the French government and organised by the OECD. The role of aid in promoting ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In management , the ultimate measure of management s performance is the metric of management effectiveness which includes Conflict management , or how well management is able to utilize confrontation and collaboration skills management s ability to be flexible and appeal to common interests. Consideration , or how well managers seek to understand and appreciate others values and not merely as a means to a business goal. Delegation , or how well management gives assignments and communicates instructions to members of the organization Execution , or how well management s plans are carried out by members of the organization Leadership , or how effectively management communicates and translates the vision and strategy of the organization to the members Motivation , how management attempts to understand the needs of others and inspires them to perform. Motivation focuses on how performance is rewarded rather than how failure is punished. Rate of return Return on investment , or how well management utilizes the resources financial, physical, and human of the organization to bring an acceptable return to shareholders See also Management Development DEFAULTSORT Management Effectiveness Category Management Category Organizational studies and human resource management ... more details
Cleanup date December 2008 Marketing Marketing effectiveness is the quality of how marketers go to market with the goal of optimizing their spending to achieve good results for both the short term and long term. It is also related to Marketing ROI and Return on Marketing Investment ROMI . Introduction p Marketing effectiveness has four dimensions Corporate Each company operates within different bounds. These are determined by their size, their budget and their ability to make organizational change. Within these bounds marketers operate along the five factors described below. Competitive Each company in a category operates within a similar framework as described below. In an ideal world, marketers would have perfect information on how they act as well as how their competitors act. In reality, in many categories have reasonably good information through sources, such as, IRI or Nielsen. In many industries, competitive marketing information is hard to come by. Customer s Consumer s Understanding and taking advantage of how customers make purchasing decisions can help marketers improve their marketing effectiveness. Groups of consumers act in similar ways leading to the need to segment them. Based on these segments, they make choices based on how they value the attributes of a product ... factors outside of our immediate control that can impact the effectiveness of our marketing activities ... of our marketing campaigns. p p There are five factors driving the level of marketing effectiveness that marketers can achieve Marketing Strategy Improving marketing effectiveness can be achieved by employing ... making changes to the strategic position or the creative execution marketers can improve their effectiveness and deliver increased revenue. At the program level marketers can improve their effectiveness ... effectiveness for each type of program. A growing area of interest within Marketing Strategy ... effectiveness. p See also Marketing Marketing Management Marketing operations Marketing Mix ... more details
merge to Stopping power date October 2010 Handgun effectiveness is a measure of the stopping power of a handgun its ability to incapacitate a hostile target as quickly and efficiently as possible. Overview Most handgun projectiles have significantly lower energy than centerfire rifle s. What they lack in power, they make up for in concealability and practicality. The lack of power they possess, and caliber bullet effectiveness, are widely debated topics with growing experimental research among civilians, law enforcement, ammunition companies, and the military. One significant factor in bullet performance is velocity, and that relates in a given cartridge caliber to barrel length of the firearm used. ref http www.ballisticsbytheinch.com Ballistics By The Inch ref Factors Cavitation Most handgun projectiles wound primarily through the size of the hole they produce. This hole is known as a permanent cavity . For comparison, rifles wound through temporary cavitation as well as permanent cavitation. A temporary cavity is also known as a stretch cavity . This is because it acts to stretch the permanent cavity, increasing the wounding potential. The potential for wounding via temporary cavity depends on the elasticity of the tissue, bullet fragmentation, and the rate of energy transfer. Many handgun bullets do not create significant wounding via temporary cavitation, but the potential is there if the bullet fragments, strikes inelastic tissue liver, spleen, kidneys, CNS , or if the bullet transfers over convert 500 ft.lbf J abbr on of energy per foot of penetration. These phenomena are unrelated to low pressure cavitation in liquids. Penetration There are many factors used to measure a handgun s effectiveness. One of them is Penetration weapons penetration . The FBI s requirement ... contribute to handgun bullet effectiveness. Recent work published by scientists M Courtney and A Courtney ... also Pistol whipping References references DEFAULTSORT Handgun Effectiveness Category Handguns Effectiveness ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date October 2009 Marketing and Sales Effectiveness is a category of technologies and services that refers to improving business results through optimizing the efforts of Marketing and Sales, which, if properly aligned, make each business group more effective. Marketing and Sales Effectiveness is frequently seen in Technology, Pharmaceutical, Manufacturing, Insurance, and Financial markets. Scope Marketing and Sales Effectiveness encompasses all activities taking place for demand creation, such as lead generation and marketing communications. It also includes sales readiness and productivity. Marketing and Sales Effectiveness also requires strategic business and sales channel alignment for optimum success. Elements Elements of Marketing and Sales Effectiveness Customer Segmentation Differentiation Product differentiation Implementation Technologies This would manifest itself as a set of technologies, business processes, and services which enable companies to integrate processes and systems to achieve business goals. Technologies and resources for Marketing and Sales Effectiveness include DEFAULTSORT Marketing And Sales Effectiveness Category Business terms ... more details
Network Effectiveness Ratio NER In telecommunications , the Network Effectiveness Ratio NER measures the ability of a telecommunications network network to deliver a call to the called terminal. Busy signals and other call failure due to user behaviour are counted as successful call delivery for NER calculation purposes. Unlike Answer Seizure ratio ASR , NER excludes the effects of customer and terminal behaviour. The NER is a measure of network quality defined in ITU T Recommendation E.425 . See also Answer Seizure ratio ASR Answer to Seizure Ratio Category Telephony telecomm stub de Network Effectiveness Ratio it NER ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date November 2009 The Drug Effectiveness Review Project DERP is an Oregon based collaboration of public and private organizations, including fifteen states, that have joined together to provide systematic evidence based reviews of the comparative effectiveness and safety of Medication drugs in many widely used drug classes and to apply the findings to inform public policy and related activities. The purpose of the DERP reports is to make available information regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of different drugs within pharmaceutical classes. DERP reports are not usage guidelines, nor should they be read as an endorsement of or recommendation for any particular drug, use or approach. Oregon Health & Science University does not recommend or endorse any guideline or recommendation developed by users of these reports. External links http www.ohsu.edu drugeffectiveness The Drug Effectiveness Review Project at Oregon Health & Science University Category Medical researchers Category Systematic review ... more details
Cost effectiveness analysis CEA is a form of economic financial analysis analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes effects of two or more courses of action. Cost effectiveness analysis is distinct from cost benefit analysis , which assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect. ref name CEAvCBA cite journal author Bleichrodt H, Quiggin J title Life cycle preferences over consumption and health when is cost effectiveness analysis equivalent to cost benefit analysis? journal J Health Econ volume 18 issue 6 pages 681 708 year 1999 month December pmid 10847930 doi 10.1016 S0167 6296 99 00014 4 url ref Cost effectiveness analysis is often used in the field of health services, where it may be inappropriate to monetize health effect. Typically the CEA is expressed in terms of a ratio where the denominator is a gain in health from a measure years of life, premature births averted, sight years gained and the numerator is the cost associated with the health gain. ref cite book author Gold MR et al. title Cost effectiveness in health and medicine page xviii ref The most commonly used outcome measure is quality adjusted life year s QALY . ref name CEAvCBA Cost utility analysis is similar to cost effectiveness analysis. General application The concept of cost effectiveness is applied ... cost effectiveness principle. Cost effectiveness analysis is also applied to many other areas ... of pharmacoeconomics , the cost effectiveness of a therapeutic or preventive intervention is the ratio ... effectiveness is typically expressed as an incremental cost effectiveness ratio ICER , the ratio ... reviewed medical literature is available from the Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry website. A 1995 study of the cost effectiveness of over 500 life saving medical interventions found that the median ... ME, Pliskin JS, et al title Five hundred life saving interventions and their cost effectiveness ... CM, Urbach DR, Ray JG, et al title Bias in published cost effectiveness studies systematic review ... more details
The Center for Regulatory Effectiveness CRE is a lobby group in the United States which focuses on federal agency compliance with good government laws which regulate the regulators. These good government laws include the Data Quality Act , the Paperwork Reduction Act , Executive Orders on regulatory review, the Unfunded Mandates Act, the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the Congressional Review Act. CRE was formed by former career officials of the White House Office of Management and Budget. The head of the firm is Jim Tozzi . It has been criticised as a front organisation for industries which seek to undermine the regulatory process, notably by Chris Mooney journalist Chris C. Mooney in his book The Republican War on Science http www.waronscience.com home.php . One of CRE s projects to promote public participation in the regulatory process is the establishment of the Interactive Public Docket . External links http www.thecre.com index.html Center for Regulatory Effectiveness Firm Homepage http www.sourcewatch.org index.php?title Center for Regulatory Effectiveness SourceWatch Center for Regulatory Effectiveness Category Advocacy groups Category Lobbying organizations Category Agencies of the United States government ... more details
Context date May 2009 Power usage effectiveness PUE is a measure of how efficiently a computer data center uses its power specifically, how much of the power is actually used by the computing equipment in contrast to cooling and other overhead . PUE is the ratio of total amount of power used by a computer data center facility ref http searchdatacenter.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid80 gci1307933,00.html SearchDataCenter.com power usage effectiveness PUE ref ref Digital Realty Trust http www.digitalrealtytrust.com pue efficiency.aspx PUE Data Center Efficiency Metric ref ref http www.esmagazine.com Articles Feature Article BNP GUID 9 5 2006 A 10000000000000160061 Engineered Systems Optimizing Power Usage Effectiveness In Data Centers ref ref http www.thegreengrid.org sitecore content Global Content white papers The Green Grid Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics PUE and DCiE.aspx The Green Grid The Green Grid Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics PUE and DCiE ref ref Google Efficient Computing http www.google.com corporate green datacenters measuring.html Data Center Efficiency Measurements ref ref Dell http www.dell.com downloads global power ps1q08 20080185 Rad.pdf Best Practices for Increasing Data Center Energy Efficiency ref ref Cisco Systems http www.cisco.com en US prod switches ps5718 ps10195 white paper c11 514539.html Cisco Energywise ref to the Electric power power delivered to computing equipment. PUE was developed by a consortium called The Green Grid . PUE is the inverse of Data center infrastructure efficiency Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency DCiE . An ideal PUE is 1.0. Anything that isn t considered a computing device in a data center i.e. Lighting, Cooling, etc. falls into the category of facility power usage. math mathrm PUE mbox Total facility power ... watt Gpue Green Power usage effectiveness Green computing IT energy management References reflist Category ... it Power usage effectiveness ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of an intervention in health care is a term used in cost effectiveness analysis in health economics . It is defined as the ratio of the change in costs of a therapeutic intervention compared to the alternative, such as doing nothing or using the best available alternative treatment to the change in effects of the intervention. The term does not have the standard economic meaning. Normally, the effects of an incremental change refer to the effect of an additional unit of a specific measurement for example, the effect of an additional dollar spent on a public health awareness campaign. However, in this case, we are not comparing the effects of an incremental change in some intervention, but rather the effect of switching interventions. Often, the change in effects is measured in terms of the number of quality adjusted life year s QALYs gained by the intervention. This includes both health differences during the time alive, and years won lost due to a different time of death. Example If a fictional treatment costs a total of GBP 45,000 at today s value and increases a person s quality of life QoL from 0.5 to 0.6 for the remainder of their life from age 70 and onwards, and their expected lifespan increases from 73 to 75, the total gain in QALYs is 0.1 3 0.6 2 1.5. The ICER will then be GBP 45,000 1.5 GBP 30,000. DEFAULTSORT Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio Category Costs Category Health economics Category Healthcare quality Econ stub Med stub pl Inkrementalny wsp czynnik efektywno ci koszt w ... more details
The Battle Effectiveness Award formerly the Battle Efficiency Award , commonly known as the Battle E , is awarded annually to the small number of U.S. Navy ships, submarines, aviation, and other units that win their battle effectiveness competition. File USSRankinGoldE.jpg thumb 200px left Crewmembers paint a gold E on the stack of the USS Rankin AKA 103 6 The criterion for the Battle Efficiency Award is the overall readiness of the command to carry out its assigned wartime tasks, and is based on a year long evaluation. The competition for the award is, and has always been, extremely keen. To win, a ship or unit must demonstrate the highest state of battle readiness. The Battle Efficiency Award recognizes sustained superior performance in an operational environment within a command. ref cite book url http www.fas.org man dod 101 navy docs sftm Ch5sec1.html title Surface Force Training Manual chapter Unit Competitions Battle Efficiency and Command Excellence Awards publisher US Navy edition Revision D date 1998 06 18 ref To qualify for Battle E consideration, a ship must win a minimum of three out of four Command Excellence awards Maritime Warfare, Engineering Survivability, Command and Control, Logistics Management , and be nominated by their immediate superior in command. Eligibility for the award demands day to day demonstrated excellence in addition to superior achievement during the certifications and qualifications conducted throughout the year. A ship s performance during training exercises, weapons inspections, and tactical readiness examinations are among the 16 different areas that are considered in the competition. File US Navy 040712 N 0000X 001 Gold Battle E aboard USS Chancellorsville CG 62 .jpg thumb 300px Crew members aboard the guided missile cruiser USS ... SURFORTRAMAN has changed the name of the Battle Efficiency Award to the Battle Effectiveness Award ... United States Navy Battenberg Cup References commonscat Battle E Award Battle Effectiveness Award Reflist ... more details
Overall equipment effectiveness OEE is a hierarchy of metrics which evaluates and indicates how effectively a manufacturing operation is utilized. The results are stated in a generic form which allows comparison between manufacturing units in differing industries. It is not however an absolute measure and is best used to identify scope for process performance improvement, and how to get the improvement. If for example the cycle time is reduced, the OEE can also reduce, even though more product is produced for less resource. Another example is if one enterprise serves a high volume, low variety market, and another enterprise serves a low volume, high variety market. More changeovers set ups will lower the OEE in comparison, but if the product is sold at a premium, there could be more margin with a lower OEE. OEE measurement is also commonly used as a key performance indicator KPI in conjunction with lean manufacturing efforts to provide an indicator of success. OEE can be best illustrated by a brief discussion of the six metrics that comprise the system. The hierarchy consists of two top level measures and four underlying measures. The two top level metrics Overall equipment effectiveness OEE and total effective equipment performance TEEP are two closely related measurements that report ... view metrics directly indicate the gap between actual and ideal performance. Overall equipment effectiveness ... effectiveness OEE breaks the performance of a manufacturing unit into three separate but measurable ... equipment performance Where OEE measures effectiveness based on scheduled hours, TEEP measures effectiveness ... is a pure measurement of Schedule Effectiveness and is designed to exclude the effects how well that operation ... for Operators Overall Equipment Effectiveness , Productivity Press, ISBN 978 1 56327 221 9 Hansen, Robert C 2005 , Overall Equipment Effectiveness OEE , Industrial Press, ISBN 978 0 8311 3237 8 OEE ... of effectiveness than performance or availability. OEE also to some extent assumes a closed ... more details
Cleanup date November 2008 The Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry was developed by the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health at the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, MA. The Registry contains detailed information on over 1,700 cost utility analyses published through 2007 2008 data will be posted by the end of 2009 . Health related CEAs estimate the resources used costs and the health benefits achieved effects for an intervention compared to an alternative treatment strategy. The Registry focuses on a subset of CEAs, called Cost utility analysis cost utility analyses CUAs that quantify health benefits in terms of quality adjusted life year s QALYs , a metric that accounts for changes in both longevity and quality of life. ref cite web url http www.nlm.nih.gov nichsr edu healthecon glossary.html title Health Economics Information Resources A Self Study Course publisher National Library of Medicine date accessdate 2008 12 05 ref General information The project website states that the objectives of the Registry are to help decision makers identify society s best opportunities for targeting resources to improve health, to assist policymakers in healthcare resource allocation decisions, and to move the field towards ... utility estimate. The team excludes review, editorial, or methodological articles, as well as cost effectiveness ... by a clinician. Two readers with training in decision analysis and cost effectiveness analysis ... used whether the article specified a threshold for identifying acceptably favorable cost effectiveness ... title Trends in cost effectiveness analyses in orthopaedic surgery journal Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res ... 358 7 661 cite journal author Bell CM, Urbach DR, Ray JG, et al. title Bias in published cost effectiveness ...? A systematic review of the cost effectiveness literature journal Crit Care Med. volume 34 issue ... PJ, Rosen AB, Weinstein MC title Medicare and cost effectiveness analysis journal N Engl J Med. volume ... more details
Loss of Tail rotor Effectiveness ref Rotorcraft Flying Handbook Section 11 12, Federal Aviation Administration, Skyhorse Publishing July 2007 ISBN 978 1602390607 ref LTE occurs when the tail rotor of a helicopter is exposed to wind forces that prevent it from carrying out its function that of cancelling the torque of the engine and transmission. Any low airspeed high power environment provides an opportunity for it to occur. Three wind directions conducive to LTE Main rotor vortexes pushed into the tail rotor by wind. This can occur with wind coming from 10 O clock on North American counter clockwise rotors and from 2 O clock on clockwise rotors. The wind pushes the dirty air and vortexes generated from the main rotor into the tail rotor preventing the tail rotor from having clean air to propel. Wind from the tail 6 O clock can cause the helicopter to attempt to weathervane into the wind. The winds passing on both sides of the tail rotor make it teeter between being effective providing thrust and ineffective not providing thrust . This creates a lot of pedal work for the pilot to eliminate unintended Yaw angle yaw . Wind from the tail rotor side left on North American with counter clockwise main rotor systems, and right on clockwise main rotor systems . The wind going through the tail rotor causes an actual Stall flight stall condition as it decreases the effective airspeed of the air through the tail rotor. This condition will cause an unintended yaw that may develop into a spin. Recovery from this condition may be difficult if no airspeed is available, and will require entry into an autorotation thus removing the torque of the engine and transmission . External Factors Environmental factors which make it easier to occur include higher operating density altitudes or temperatures, and high winds. A high gross weight can also create an LTE conducive situation. Indications ... diagram References references DEFAULTSORT Loss Of Tail Rotor Effectiveness Category Rotorcraft Category ... more details
COI date September 2008 Overall Labor Effectiveness OLE is a key performance indicator KPI that measures the utilization, performance, and quality of the workforce and its impact on productivity. Similar to Overall Equipment Effectiveness OEE , OLE measures availability, performance, and quality. Availability the percentage of time employees spend making effective contributions Performance the amount of product delivered Quality the percentage of perfect or saleable product produced However, OLE helps manufacturers understand the interdependency and trade offs of shop floor productivity and profitability by measuring the contributions of the workforce. OLE gives manufacturers the ability to analyze the cumulative effect of these three workforce factors on productive output, while considering the impact of both direct and indirect labor. Measuring availability There are many factors that influence workforce availability and therefore the potential output of equipment and the manufacturing plant. OLE can help manufacturers be sure that they have the person with the right skills available at the right time by enabling manufacturers to locate areas where providing and scheduling the right mix of employees can increase the number of productive hours. OLE also accounts for labor utilization. Understanding where downtime losses are coming from and the impact they have on production can reveal root causes which can include machine downtime, material delays, or absenteeism that delay a line startup. Measuring performance When employees cannot perform their work within standard times, performance can suffer. Effective training can increase performance by improving the skills that directly impact the quality of output. A skilled operator knows how to measure work, understands the impacts of variability, and knows to stop production for corrective actions when quality falls below ... Productive Maintenance Overall Equipment Effectiveness External links http www.oeetoolkit.nl community ... more details
Relative effectiveness factor or R.E. factor is a measurement of an explosive s power for military demolition s purposes. It is used to compare an explosive s effectiveness relative to TNT by weight only. This enables engineers to substitute one explosive for another when they are calculating blasting equations that are designed for TNT. For example, if a timber cutting charge requires 1 kg of TNT to work, it would take 0.6 kg of PETN or 1.25 kg of ANFO to have the same effect. R.E. factor examples The bigger the R.E. number, the more powerful the explosive. style font size 100 text align right class wikitable sortable border 1 Some R.E. factor examples Explosive, Grade Density br g cm sup 3 sup Table of explosive detonation velocities Detonation br Vel. m s R.E. br align left Ammonium nitrate AN 1.123 5270 0.42 align left Gunpowder Black Powder , 75 KNO sub 3 sub 15 C 10 S 1.700 400 0.55 align left ANFO , 94.3 AN 5.7 Fuel Oil 0.840 5270 0.80 align left Erythritol tetranitrate 1.6 8100 1.60 align left Trinitrotoluene TNT 1.654 6900 1.00 align left Amatol , 80 TNT 20 AN 1.548 6570 1.17 align left Tetrytol , 70 Tetryl 30 TNT 1.707 7370 1.20 align left Tetryl 1.73 7570 1.25 align left C 4 explosive C 4 , 91 RDX 1.737 8040 1.34 align left C 3 explosive C 3 old RDX based 7924 1.35 align left Composition B , 63 RDX 36 TNT 1.751 7800 1.35 align left Nitroglycerin 1.6 7700 1.50 align left RDX 1.82 8750 1.60 align left Semtex , 94.3 PETN 5.7 RDX 1.776 8420 1.66 align left PETN 1.773 8400 1.66 align left HMX 1.91 9100 1.70 align left HNIW CL 20 9380 align left DDF 4,4 Dinitro 3,3 diazenofuroxan 2.02 10000 align left Heptanitrocubane align left Octanitrocubane 1.98 10100 2.70 align left Nuclear weapon yield variable see note 19.1 100000 5.2M class sortbottom Explosive, Grade Density br g cm sup 3 sup Table of explosive detonation velocities Detonation br Vel. m s R.E. Note Practical nuclear weapon ... more details
Parent Effectiveness Training P.E.T. is a parent education program based on the Gordon Model by Thomas Gordon psychologist Thomas Gordon . Dr. Gordon taught the first P.E.T. course in 1962 and the courses proved to be so popular with parent s that he began training instructors throughout the United States to teach it in their communities. Over the next several years, the course spread to all 50 states. In 1970, Dr. Gordon wrote the Parent Effectiveness Training P.E.T. book which gave many more parents access to this new parenting philosophy. As a result, people in many parts of the world became interested in making the course available in their countries. The book became a best seller and was updated in 2000 http www.amazon.com dp 0609806939 revised book . P.E.T. is neither authoritarian or liberal permissive Citation needed date March 2011 , both of which are win lose methods of child rearing. Central to the P.E.T. philosophy is the idea that parents can raise children without the use of punitive discipline which is damaging Citation needed date March 2011 both to the parent and the child and their relationship. Permissiveness doesn t work either. Instead, Dr. Gordon advocated a no lose method, a method of resolving conflicts in which both the parent and the child get their needs met. The Gordon Model upon which the P.E.T. course is based is a set of concepts and skills for having democratic, collaborative relationships. The core skills are Active Listening, I Messages, Shifting Gears and No Lose Conflict Resolution. The key to knowing which of these skills to use when is through the use of the Behavior Window. This visual diagram is used to identify who owns the problem when one occurs in a relationship so that it can be resolved successfully. Gordon Training International, the organization that Dr. Gordon founded, has a network of P.E.T. Representatives and Instructors in 43 countries who make the course available to the parents of all cultural, racial and religious ... more details
Citation style date June 2010 naked URLs are obscene true dat The effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous , the success of the Alcoholics Anonymous AA twelve step program in treating alcoholism , is a subject of ongoing interdisciplinary research and debate in a multitude of academic and non academic contexts. Analytical definitions of effectiveness, efficacy and success vary according to the particular field of reference investigating the practices, methods and prognoses of treating alcoholics, and in what terms these concepts are framed in individual studies. Experimental studies into the effectiveness of AA have been based either on results obtained from individuals attending meetings run under the umbrella of the AA organisation itself, or from similar twelve step recovery programmes based on the twelve step approach run externally from the AA organisation generically termed, in this latter case, as twelve step facilitation TSF . Studies of both implementations of the Treatment of mental disorders therapeutic model have in general not yielded definitive evidence of efficacy when assessed in terms of long term prevention of problem drinking as compared to other treatments, ref name cochrane.org Ferri M, Amato L, Davoli M, Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12 step programmes for alcohol dependence http www.cochrane.org reviews en ab005032.html ref ref Emrick, C. 1989 . Alcoholics Anonymous Membership characteristics and effectiveness as treatment . In Galanter, M., ed. 1989 . Recent developments in alcoholism, Vol. 7 Treatment research . New York, NY, US Plenum Press, pp. 37 53 ... the effectiveness of AA in treating alcoholism. This conclusion was based on a meta analysis of the results ... about AA s effectiveness, the 1968 AA General Service Conference unanimously voted to begin ... effectiveness journal Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology volume 65 issue 2 month April pages .... W. year 2000 title The effectiveness of the Minnesota Model approach in the treatment of adolescent ... more details
Review of the role and effectiveness of non executive directors or the Higgs review was a report chaired by Derek Higgs on corporate governance commissioned by the UK government, published on 20 January 2003. It reviewed the role and effectiveness of non executive director s and of the audit committee, aiming at improving and strengthening the existing Combined Code . ref cite web last Higgs first Derek url http www.berr.gov.uk files file23012.pdf title Review of the role and effectiveness of non executive directors publisher Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform date 2003 01 20 accessdate 28 April 2008 ref ref cite web title The Higgs Review url http www.berr.gov.uk bbf corp governance higgs tyson page23342.html publisher Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform accessdate 28 April 2008 ref There was widespread unrest after the scandals in the US, involving Enron , WorldCom and Tyco . The US opted for legislation under the Sarbanes Oxley Act . Higgs strongly backed the existing non prescriptive approach to corporate governance comply or explain . Yet he advocated more provisions with more stringent criteria for the board composition and evaluation of independent directors. He wanted to remove some of the discretion that the Code allowed. Higgs viewed the earlier scandals, which led to the Cadbury Report could have been avoided had a Code been in place. The Robert Maxwell debacle could have been avoided in his view because many firms already refused to deal with him, and disclosure of his company s governance practices would have led to more pressure for change. In December 2009 the Financial Reporting Council commissioned the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators to update the Higgs guidance with the assistance of a Steering Group. In July 2010 ICSA launched draft guidance Improving board effectiveness as part of this process ... Reporting Council s http www.frc.org.uk index.cfm website DEFAULTSORT Review Of The Role And Effectiveness ... more details
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