danegeld in England. The Danegeld Danish tax , literally Dane s gold , pron en de n. ld ref ... heregild appear in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle ref the term Danegeld did not appear until the early twelfth century. ref J. A. Green, The Last Century of Danegeld , The English Historical Review ... he had taken danegeld in England. The first one was with Skagul Toste , the second one with Thorkell ... ships of his invasion fleet, which were retained as a personal bodyguard, with a huge Danegeld ... of his receiving one danegeld in England. This kind of extorted tribute was not unique to England ... Jansson35 Jansson 1980 35 ref Norman era In southern England the Danegeld was based on Hide unit ... to raise the Danegeld was the first to reappear in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western ... under Henry I , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986. ref By 1130 Henry was taxing the danegeld ... of Worcester the king promised to suspend the danegeld for seven years, a promise renewed by Stephen ... II revived the danegeld in 1155 56, but 1161 62 marks the last year the danegeld was recorded on a pipe roll , and the tax fell into disuse. ref Green 1981 242. ref The importance of the danegeld ... a contemporary standard, there is much to criticise in the collection of the danegeld by the early ... changing circumstances... in this way danegeld was a more flexible instrument of taxation than most ... scot , danegeld, and murdrum . ref http www.fordham.edu halsall source 1133Hank1tax.html .... ref Francia Brittany That a country wide danegeld was ever collected in the Duchy of Brittany ... this way. It is more likely that purely local danegeld were raised in times of emergency. ref name joranson248 Einar Joranson 1923 , The Danegeld in France Rock Island Augustana , 248. ref In 847 ... local type of danegeld is exemplified by two chronologically close events in the County of Vannes . According ... too may have been raised as a sort of danegeld. Certainly, according to Regino of Pr m, Pascwet ... more details
wikt Geld may refer to Money , in Dutch or German languages Danegeld Weregeld Gelt , Yiddish for money Gelding , castrated animal See also lookfrom intitle Gold disambiguation Gel disambiguation disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Image U 344, Orkesta.JPG right 250px thumb The Orkesta Runestones rune stone U 344 in Orkesta, Uppland , Sweden , was raised by the Viking Ulfr who commemorated that he had taken a danegeld in England with Skagul Toste. He took two others with Thorkell the Tall and Canute the Great . Skoglar Toste or Skoglar Tosti there are several variations was a chieftain from the Swedish province of West G taland . According to Snorri Sturluson , he was the father of Sigrid the Haughty . For some time he gave refuge to Harald Grenske , who later came back to woo Sigrid, only to be killed by her for his persistence. Toste is mentioned in several sagas, such as Heimskringla , and is said to have been the first to demand danegeld , in 970. Toste s great grandson Stenkil became the King of Sweden in 1060. His name skoglar , skauglar or skagul is due to his experience in battle skagul is one of the many names for battle in Old Norse . At Vallentuna , near Stockholm , the runestone of Orkesta England Runestones U 344 U 344 says in ulfr hafir onklati ru kialtakat it uas fursta is tursti a urktil a kalt knutr Translation But Ulf has taken three danegeld s in England. The first one was with Toste , the second one with Thorkel and the third one with Canute the Great . Children according to the sagas Ulf Tostesson , a jarl. Sigrid the Haughty , Monarch queen of Sweden . Source Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines 241 5, 243A 20 Category Viking warriors Category Geats Category 10th century people es Skagul Toste it Skoglar Toste no Skoglar Toste sv Skoglar Toste ... more details
. Danegeld The Danegeld, the Viewmont school newspaper, is written and published by students several times a year. ref http www.davis.k12.ut.us vhs VHS 20WEB Danegelddanegeld 20home.htm The Danegeld ref The newspaper has been in print since 1964, and, in 1968, its name was changed from The Big V to the Danegeld. The Danegeld staff has also created an online blog that allows students to openly discuss articles. ref http www.danegeldblog.com Danegeld Blog ref Guadalupe Every year Viewmont holds a fundraiser ... more details
Murdrum was introduced into English law by the Danes Germanic tribe Danes . Being the killing of a man in a secret manner, it is distinguished from simple homicide . In the Laws of Canute an unknown man who was killed was presumed to be a Dane, and the vill was compelled to pay 40 marks for his death. After the Norman conquest the law was revived in respect of the Norman dynasty Norman aristocracy . It was abolished in the reign of Edward III of England Edward III . Richard I of England exempted the Knights Templar from being charged with murdrum and Latrocinium amongst other privileges. When king Henry I of England Henry I granted tax liberties to London in 1133, he exempted the city from taxes such as Scot disambiguation scot , danegeld , and murdrum. ref http www.fordham.edu halsall source 1133Hank1tax.html Henry I, King of England Grant of Tax Liberties to London, 1133 , Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University ref References reflist 2 UK law stub Category Murder http www.essentialnormanconquest.com encyclopedia murdrum.htm ... more details
Hessel Hermana is fictional character in the list of rulers of Frisia . Supposedly from Sexbierum chosen 869 died c876 and claimed to be the fourth potestaat or elected governor of Friesland , he does not appear in historical sources until the late 16th century. His name is then attached to the Dane Rudolf Haraldsson who invaded Oostergo in order to recover Danegeld tribute by force. These Danes were on the way back from France. A battle ensued with this gang of 800 Vikings involving the death of 500 Danes on the battlefield. Rudolf Haraldsson was killed in battle and the Frisians won, but Hessel also lost his life. His predecessor was Adelbrik Adelen and he was succeeded by Igo Galema as potestaat. His family crest exhibits 2 Frisian eagles . References http www.wumkes.nl periodiek index.php?per fa Friesche Almanak 1892 cite web author J.A. Nijdam url http studiegids.uva.nl web sgs nl c 6573.html title Fakes and Forgeries, myths and mystifications in Frisian Literature publisher Universiteit van Amsterdam Category Potestaat of Friesland Category 876 deaths Category 9th century people nl Hessel Hermana ... more details
This page, a companion page to tax , lists different taxes by economic design. For different taxes by country, see Tax rates around the world . Ad valorem Capital gains tax Carbon tax Carucage Consumption tax Corporate tax including the Excess profits tax , Windfall profits tax Corv e Customs Custom Danegeld Development Impact Tax Direct tax Duty economics duty Excise e.g. Fuel tax fuel excise , use tax , blank media tax , natural resources consumption tax FairTax FICA tax Franchise tax Gabel taxation Gabel Tax Tariffs Impost Income Tax Indirect tax Inheritance tax cf Allodial , Pigovian tax , Estate tax United States , Inheritance Tax United Kingdom . Land value tax Payment in lieu of taxes Payroll tax Poll tax Property tax Sales tax Scutage Seigniorage sin tax Stamp Duty Subsidy Tallage Tariff Tax Farming Tithe Tobin tax Toll bridge Toll road Toll tunnel Toll tunnel Transfer tax Tribute Value added tax Vehicle excise duty Wealth tax Window tax Category Taxation ... more details
class infobox width 350 align center Image Wyvern of Wessex.svg 30px 1000s in England Image Wyvern of Wessex.svg 30px style background color f3f3f3 align center small Other decades small align center 10th century in England 10th century 1000s 1010s in England 1010s 1020s in England 1020s Events from the 1000s decade 1000s in England . Incumbents Monarch Ethelred the Unready Events 1000 English fleet invades the Isle of Man . ref name CBH English invasion of Cumbria fails. ref name CBH Heroic poem The Battle of Maldon composed. ref name CBH 1001 First Battle of Alton against Denmark Danish raiders. Edward the Martyr canonised. 1002 24,000 of Danegeld paid to the Danes in return for them leaving England. ref name CBH King Ethelred the Unready marries Emma of Normandy . ref name CBH 13 November St. Brice s Day massacre Ethelred orders the deaths of leading Danes in England. ref name Cassell s Chronology cite book last Williams first Hywel title Cassell s Chronology of World History publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson year 2005 isbn 0 304 35730 8 pages 104 105 ref 1003 King Sweyn I of Denmark invades England in retaliation for the St. Brice s Day Massacre. ref name Cassell s Chronology 1004 Danes raid Devon and East Anglia . ref name CBH 1005 Continued Danish raids on southern England. ref name CBH 1006 Danes raid south eastern England from the Isle of Wight to Reading, Berkshire Reading . ref name CBH Alphege enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury . Danish forces spend the winter at Wallingford, Oxfordshire Wallingford . ref name CBH 1007 36,000 of Danegeld paid. ref name CBH 1008 Ethelred and Archbishop Wulfstan II of York pass laws for the protection of Christianity in England. ref name CBH 1009 New English fleet constructed. ref name CBH cite book last Palmer first Alan & Veronica year 1992 title The Chronology of British History publisher Century Ltd location London pages 47 48 isbn 0 7126 5616 2 ref 1 August Danes occupy Sandwich, Kent , attack London, and burn Oxford ... more details
Image Olav Tryggvasons saga Uvaeret Hjoerungavaag H. Egedius.jpg 250px right thumb Jomsvikings fight under a rain of hail stones in the Battle of Hj rungav gr Image U 344, Orkesta.JPG right 250px thumb The Orkesta Runestones rune stone U 344 in Orkesta, Uppland , Sweden , was raised by the Viking Ulfr who commemorated that he had taken a danegeld in England with Thorkell the Tall. He took two others with Skagul Toste and Canute the Great . Thorkell the Tall , also known as Thorkell the High in the Anglo Saxon chronicles Old Norse language Old Norse orke ti ll inn h vi lang no Torkjell H ge Swedish language Swedish Torkel H ge Danish language Danish Torkild den H je was a Jomsviking , a son of the Sk ne Scanian chieftain Strut Harald , a brother of Jarl title Jarl Sigvald Jarl Sigvaldi , commander of the Jomvikings and the legendary stronghold, mythical Jomsborg , on the Island of Wollin , while himself a notable lord. Thorkell took part in the Battle of Hj rungav gr in 986 and in the Battle of Swold in 1000. He attacked England in 1010, landing near Ipswich on the shores of the river Orwell at Nacton with a large army, defeating the local army sent from Ipswich. He was eventually paid an unusually large Danegeld in 1011. In 1012, Thorkell s men took Archbishop Alphege hostage, who had previously been instrumental in negotiating danegeld payments. Whilst under Thorkell s protection he was murdered at Greenwich during a feast by throwing hambones at him until he was mercifully axed to death. It is said that Alphege refused to be exchanged for ransom organised by Eadric Streona as he did not wish to further impoverish his countrymen, prompting his murder. Sensing that he was losing control over his men, Thorkell and his loyalists defected and he and his men entered into the service of king Ethelred the Unready , whom they fought under in 1013 against the invasion of king Sweyn Forkbeard and his son Canute the Great Cnut . After the death of Sweyn, and the English atta ... more details
about silver pennies produced after 1820 Maundy money the Great Britain and UK penny from 1707 to 1971 Penny British pre decimal coin the penny in current use in the United Kingdom Penny British decimal coin History of the English penny Coin image box 2 singles header image left Image Edgarobv.jpg image right Image Edgarrev.jpg caption left caption right width left 150 width right 150 position right margin 4 footer Silver Reform penny of Edgar the Peaceful Edgar I of England , Norwich mint coin mint , c. 973 975. The English Penny , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 g pure silver , includes the penny introduced around the year 785 by King Offa of Mercia . However, his coins were similar in size and weight to the continental denier coin denier s of the period, and to the Anglo Saxon sceat s which had gone before it, which were probably also called pence . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century until 1707, the penny was produced in silver. Pennies of the same nominal value, one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. ref And, indeed, until Decimal Day decimalisation in 1971 , at which time a Penny British decimal coin new penny was introduced worth 2.4 times the value of the old coin. ref History The name penny comes from the Old English pennige pronounced IPA ang p nij , roughly penny y , sharing the same root as the German language German pfennig . Its abbreviation d. comes from the Roman denarius and was used until Decimal Day decimalisation in 1971. Anglo Saxon England Anglo Saxon silver pennies were the currency used to pay the Danegeld , essentially protection money paid to the Vikings so that they would go away and not ravage the land as an illustration of how heavy a burden the Danegeld was, more Anglo Saxon pennies of the decades around the first Millennium have been found in Denmark than in England. In the reign of Ethelred II o ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 994 Year nav 994 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 994 Roman numerals CMXCIV was a common year starting on Monday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By place Europe Sweyn Forkbeard marries Sigrid the Haughty. Otto III reaches his majority and begins to rule Germany in his own right. Aethelred II pays 16,000 of Danegeld to Olaf Trygvasson . Middle East September 15 &ndash Battle of the Orontes Fatimid victory over a Byzantine army led by Michael Bourtzes onlyinclude Births November 7 &ndash Ibn Hazm , Arab philosopher d. 1069 Simeon abbot Simeon , first Norman abbot of Ely Cathedral Ely Abbey Ahmad Bayhaqi Imam Bayhaqi Eminent Scholar of Islamic Faith Deaths Margrave Leopold I of Austria Babenberg Leopold I of Austria Sigeric the Serious John Weir the Great, King of the Nords References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 994 Category 994 af 994 am 994 . . . ar 994 an 994 ast 994 az 994 bn map bms 994 be 994 be x old 994 bh bs 994 br 994 bg 994 ca 994 cv 994 cs 994 co 994 cy 994 da 994 de 994 et 994 el 994 es 994 eo 994 eu 994 fa fr 994 fy 994 gd 994 gl 994 gan 994 ko 994 hy 994 hi 994 hr 994. io 994 bpy id 994 os 994 it 994 he 994 jv 994 ka 994 csb 994 sw 994 ht 994 almanak jilyen la 994 lb 994 lt 994 m. lmo 994 hu 994 mk 994 mi 994 mr . . ms 994 nah 994 nl 994 new ja 994 nap 994 no 994 nn 994 nrm 994 oc 994 uz 994 pi pnb 994 nds 994 pl 994 pt 994 ro 994 qu 994 ru 994 sa sq 994 scn 994 sk 994 sl 994 sr 994 su 994 fi 994 sv 994 tl 994 tt 994 th . . 1537 tr 994 tk 994 uk 994 ur 994 vec 994 vi 994 vo 994 war 994 yo 994 zh yue 994 zh 994 ... more details
duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley. ref Einar Joranson 1923 , The Danegeld in France ... to finance what was effectively a non Tribute tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria. ref In 860&ndash 1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1012 Year nav 1012 C11 year in topic NOTOC Year 1012 Roman numerals MXII was a leap year starting on Tuesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By place Europe Mael Morda starts a rebellion against Brian Boru in Ireland , which eventually ends in 1014 at the Battle of Clontarf . King M el Coluim mac Cin eda of Alba reputedly defeats a Danish army at Cruden Bay in Buchan. Suleiman II of C rdoba Suleiman II is restored as Umayyad caliph of C rdoba, Spain Cordoba , succeeding Hisham II . Monarch King Ethelred II of England Aethelred of England pays tribute to Viking raiders Danegeld . Oldrich succeeds Jaromir, Duke of Bohemia Jaromir as duke of Bohemia . By topic Religion Fatimid Caliph Al Hakim bi Amr Allah al Hakim orders the destruction of all Jew ish and Christianity Christian places of worship. April 19 &ndash Archbishop Alphege of Canterbury is murdered by his Denmark Danish captors. May 18 &ndash Pope Benedict VIII succeeds Pope Sergius IV as the 143rd pope . Antipope Gregory VI Gregory VI becomes antipope . onlyinclude Births Pope Benedict IX approximate date Marpa Lotsawa , Tibetan translator of holy texts d. 1097 Cai Xiang Chinese Calligrapher d. 1067 Deaths April 19 &ndash Alphege , Archbishop of Canterbury b. 954 May 12 &ndash Pope Sergius IV Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine Ibn Faradi References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 1012 Category 1012 af 1012 am 1012 . . . ar 1012 an 1012 ast 1012 az 1012 bn map bms 1012 be 1012 be x old 1012 bh bs 1012 br 1012 bg 1012 ca 1012 cv 1012 cs 1012 co 1012 cy 1012 da 1012 de 1012 et 1012 el 1012 es 1012 eo 1012 eu 1012 fa fr 1012 fy 1012 gd 1012 gl 1012 gan 1012 ko 1012 hy 1012 hi hr 1012. io 1012 bpy id 1012 os 1012 is 1012 it 1012 he 1012 jv 1012 ka 1012 csb 1012 sw 1012 ht 1012 almanak jilyen la 1012 lb 1012 lt 1012 m. lmo 1012 hu 1012 mk 1012 mi 1012 mr . . ms 1012 nah 1012 nl 1012 new ... more details
House of Stenkil The House of Stenkil was a dynasty on the Sweden Swedish throne from c. 1060 to c. 1125. ref name Stenkilska citation first Lars O. last Lagerqvist contribution Stenkilska tten url http histvarld.historiska.se histvarld sok artikel.asp?id 21592 title Medeltidens ABC publisher Swedish Museum of National Antiquities id ISBN 9151839261 year 2001 ref Stenkil probably originated from V sterg tland . ref name Viking ABC citation first Maj last Odelberg contribution Stenkil url http histvarld.historiska.se histvarld sok artikel.asp?id 11101 title Vikingatidens ABC publisher Swedish Museum of National Antiquities id ISBN 9171929843 year 1995 ref Line of magnates and earls before Stenkil, according to the Norse saga s Skagul Toste took Danegeld in England and was the father of Sigrid the Haughty Ulf Tostesson , the son of Skagul Toste Ragnvald Ulfsson , the son of Ulf Tostesson, and exiled to Staraja Ladoga by Olof Sk tkonung On the throne of Sweden or V sterg tland 1060 1066 Stenkil ref name Viking ABC 1066 1067 ? Eric VII of Sweden Erik Stenkilsson , the theory that he is son of Stenkil is pure conjecture 1067 1070 Halsten Stenkilsson Halsten , son of Stenkil 1079 1084 Inge I of Sweden Inge the Elder Inge den ldre , son of Stenkil 1084 1087 Blot Sweyn Blot Sven , possibly brother in law of Inge I of Sweden Inge I the Elder 1087 1110 Inge I of Sweden Inge the Elder Inge den ldre , 2nd time, restored 1110 1118 Philip of Sweden Philip Filip Halstensson , no children 1110 1125 Inge II of Sweden Inge the Younger Inge den yngre , no children Cognatic offshoots c. 1125 c 1130 Magnus I of Gothenland the regnal list published by the royal court of Sweden includes him as a member of Stenkil dynasty , was son of Inge the Elder s daughter c. 1150 1160 Eric IX of Sweden who was married with Christina, according to Norse legends daughter s daughter of Inge the Elder this couple started the dynasty of Eric c. 1155 1167 Charles VII of Sweden his mother was the widow of ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 Context date October 2009 The Manorialism Manor of Worksop is a feudalism feudal entity in the Dukeries area of Nottinghamshire , England . Held in serjeanty Grand serjeanty vs petty serjeanty Grand Serjeanty by a lord of the manor , it was originally connected with nearby Worksop Manor , a stately home . History Under the feudal system in late and high medieval England , serjeanty tenure by serjeanty was a form of land holding in return for some specified service, usually the discharge of duties in the household of the king or other high ranking noble. Allegedly created to commemorate the Danegeld c.1163 , it is said that the Worksop serjeanty was already known in the time of King Alfred if not earlier. In 1327 tenure was passed to Worksop Manor from Farnham Royal , Buckinghamshire . In 1541 Worksop Manor was held by George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury , before passing to the Duke of Norfolk Dukes of Norfolk , in whose family it remained until 1840. The estate was then sold to the Duke of Newcastle Dukes of Newcastle of nearby Clumber Park who owned it until the 20th century. The land and the lordship then passed to corporate owners. In 1994 the title was bought by John Hunt Worksop John Hunt , a retired transport manager of Worksop, for a reported 40,000. Privileges The lords of the manor of Worksop traditionally belong to the List of people involved in coronations of the British monarch Lords of the Manor of Worksop people involved in coronations of the British monarch . Holding the serjeanty requires the lord of the manor of Worksop to render to the British monarch Sovereign a pair of white gloves, and also to support their right arm while carrying the sceptre . Lords of the manor in coronations since 1761 1761 coronation of George III of the United Kingdom George III Charles Watson Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham The 2nd Marquess of Rockingham acting as deputy to Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk the 9th Duke of Norfolk ref ... more details
morefootnotes date August 2010 coord 51.151 0.975 display title region GB HAM scale 50000 The First Battle of Alton was a skirmish in 1001 between the Anglo Saxons English and the Viking Danes . It took place at Alton, Hampshire Alton in the England English county of Hampshire . Causes Between 991 and 1005 Danish attacks on England escalated from small isolated raids to massed attacks by larger forces. The Danes ravaged the countryside, demanding huge tributes Danegeld from the Anglo Saxons Anglo Saxon king. However, the attacks continued and their plunder and pillage tactics, combined with a rapid march strategy brought them as far as Alton, Hampshire Alton . The Attack At Alton the men of Hampshire united to fight against them. Anglo Saxon annals cite the total English losses as 81 compared to a much greater number lost by the Danes. However, the Danes managed to win the field and advance further west, while the Anglo Saxons retreated to Winchester . Consequences The First Battle of Alton failed to stop the Danish Army. They attacked Devon , burning many towns such as Teignton , until the area surrendered. The advance continued towards Exmouth , until they reached Pin hoo , where the high steward of the king, Cole, and Edsy, the reve of the king once again raised an army against them. Again the Danes prevailed and burned many goodly towns that we cannot name . Here they turned eastwards and reached the Isle of Wight , until the people there made peace with them. In the year 1006, the king was forced to make a permanent peace with the hostile force, and gave them a tribute of 30,000 pounds. In 1008, he gave the order to build ships, triggering a huge naval force to be made. By 1009, this fleet was ready, and was sent to Sandwich, Kent Sandwich to defend the land against attacking forces. Location Extract from the Anglo Saxon Chronicle , Winchester Manuscript , AD 1001 Here in this year there was great hostility in the land of the English race through the raiding sh ... more details
The Siege of Asselt was a Frankish Empire Frankish siege of the Viking camp at Asselt in Frisia in the year 882. Though the Vikings were not forced by arms to abandon their camp, they were compelled to come to terms whereby their leader, Godfrid, Duke of Frisia Godfrid , was converted to Christianity. The precise location of Asselt is somewhat disputed. The charters call it Ascloha and it was on the Meuse . It has most often been identified with Elsloo north of Maastricht , though some scholars prefer Asselt near Swalmen upstream from Venloo . Elsloo is more than the fourteen miles from the Rhine which the Bavarian continuation of the Annales Fuldenses assigns the locale. Immediately after assuming the kingship of East Francia in Regensburg in early May, Charles the Fat , already emperor, held an assembly late that same month at Worms, Germany Worms to determine a course of action against the Vikings who were encamped at Asselt. An army comprising Franks , Alemanni , Bavarii , Thuringii , Saxons , and Lombards was assembled to march north and drive off the Vikings. The Lombards, Alemans, and Franks approached up the Rhine on the west while the Bavarians went along the eastern bank and crossed over at Andernach . The emperor, taking the line of verse What do I care whether I win by force or tricks? as his strategy, sent a force of Bavarians under Arnulf of Carinthia and Franks under Henry of Franconia ahead to ambush the unsuspecting Northmen. According to the biased account of the Mainz continuation of the Annales Fuldenses , the camp was about to fall when Liutward of Vercelli , bribed by the Vikings, convinced the emperor to meet envoys from Godfrid and make peace, even exchanging hostages. Godfrid was granted the Kennemerland , which had formerly been ruled by Roric , as a vassal. Charles also agreed to pay a Danegeld to the Viking leader Sigifrid , partly using monies from churches. The Mainz continuator portrayed the army as greatly displeased with their empero ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Bj rn floruit 856 58 Bj rn lang la Berno was a Viking chieftain. He is the earliest known Scandinavian who was not a relative of the Danish kings to enter the service of a Frankish king, in his case Charles the Bald , king of West Francia . ref name coupland Simon Coupland 1998 , From Poachers to Gamekeepers Scandinavian Warlords and Carolingian Kings , Early Medieval Europe , 7 1 , 103 104. ref He is sometimes tenuously identified with the Swedish king Bj rn Ironside . In July 856 a Viking chieftain named Sidroc entered the River Seine to pillage. On 19 August he was joined by a fleet commanded by Bj rn. Come winter Sidroc left Frankish waters while Bj rn built a fortified camp on an island called Oscellus , probably Oissel . The Vikings proceeded to raid as far as Bayeux and vreux , and the entire region showed little resistance to their movements throughout 857. ref name coupland The Annales Fontanellenses , an important source for these events, incorrectly date them to 855. ref name coupland The surviving sources do not record Bj rn s reasons for visiting King Charles at Verberie early in 858. In the words of the Annales Bertiniani , the preeminent West Frankish annals for the period Bj rn, leader of the faction of pirates of the Seine, pursuing King Charles came to the palace in Veberie, and giving him his hands, swore fidelity to him. ref Coupland, 103 n.100 Berno dux partis pyratarum Sequanae insistentium ad Karlum regem in Vermeria palatio venit, eiusque se manibus dedens, fidelitatem suatim iurat . ref Bj rn had probably been offered tribute danegeld in return for submitting to the act of commendation the giving of hands and swearing of fealty . In November the bishops of West Francia, meeting in a synod at Quercy , sent a letter, probably authored by Hincmar , to Louis the German , the king of East Francia , in which the raising of tribute to pay off the Vikings is mentioned. ref A. Boretius and V. Krause, edd., Epistola synodi Carisiacensis ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
