Image D comma.svg thumb right 200px D with comma below. unicode D unicode dDcomma is a letter which was part of the Romanian alphabet , and used to represent the sound IPA z or IPA dz where it was derived from a Latin language Latin d e.g. unicode d i , pronounced IPA zi came from Latin die , day ref Negruzzi, p. 234. ref . It was the equivalent of the Cyrillic script Cyrillic letters Ze Cyrillic and Dze . This letter was first introduced by Petru Maior in his 1819 book Ortographia romana sive Latino Valachica, una cum clavis, qua penetralia originationis vocum reserantur... unicode d sicut Latinorum z ac cyrillicum ref V rtosu, p. 208 ref . In 1844 Ioan Eliade introduced unicode d again in his magazine Curierul de ambe sexe as a substitute for ref V rtosu, p. 223. ref . On 23 October 1858 the Eforia Instruc iunii Publice of Wallachia issued a decree in which, among other rules, unicode d was for the third time adopted instead of Cyrillic . However, this rule will not be fully adopted until later ref V rtosu, p. 234 235. ref . Taking the matter in his hands, internal affairs ... , Ed. tiin ific , Bucharest, 1968. Latin alphabet Dcomma Category Specific letter diacritic combinations Dcomma Category Romanian language Dcomma fr D ... and the letter unicode d was adopted much later. In his grammar published in Paris in 1865, Vasile Alecsandri adopted this sign instead of , viewing the comma below d as a small s unicode d was often pronounced IPA dz , IPA ds . This was also the case with S comma unicode ss and T comma ... D unicode d they must be represented with a combining diacritic , which may not align properly in some ... name. Otherwise, the D cedilla is somewhat to be used as part of the unicode standards because the typographic point of view of D cedilla is very similar that has a comma. See also S comma T comma Notes references References Negruzzi, Constantin, Studii asupra limbei rom ne , in vol. Alexandru ... more details
also T commaDcomma References reflist Latin alphabet S comma Category Specific letter diacritic combinations S comma Category Romanian language S comma br lizherenn de es it nl no pl ...Image Virguli a i sedila.svg thumb 180px Appearance of Comma punctuation comma upper row and cedilla lower row in the Times New Roman font. S comma lang ro majuscule , minuscule is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet , used to represent the Romanian language sound IPA , the voiceless postalveolar fricative like sh in shoe . This letter however was not part of the early Unicode versions, and not in the predecessors like ISO IEC 8859 2 and Windows 1250 , which is why S cedilla is often used in digital texts in Romanian. S cedilla was introduced for computers for the sake of the Turkish language , and later it was used unchanged also for the Romanian language. It was less of a problem then, since the screens and printouts had less resolution and newspapers and books would use a suitable font anyway. S Comma punctuation comma was introduced only in Unicode 3.0 at the request of the Romanian national standardization body, but most computers today still do not have font s compatible with it computers with Microsoft operating system s older than Windows XP do not have compatible fonts. Windows XP does not support this letter out of the box, but it is possible to install http www.microsoft.com downloads details.aspx?FamilyID 0ec6f335 c3de 44c5 a13d a1e7cea5ddea&DisplayLang ... to comma. The letter is placed in Unicode in the Latin Extended B range, under Additions for Romanian , as the capital letter S with comma U 0218 and small letter s with comma U 0219 . ref Unicode ... Folklorica , No. 5, La scrittura funzioni e ideologie. Apr., 1982 , pp. 75 85. ref Use of the comma with the letter S Diacritical marks nowrap unicode & x0218 &thinsp & x0219 caption S comma Romanian language Romanian The Romanian language Romanian letter Polytonic S with comma represents ... more details
the correct keyboard ro comma since at least 2005, selecting this keyboard from the user interface e.g. GNOME Keyboard Properties has only recently been made possible. See also Dcomma S comma Cedilla ...Image Virguli a i sedila.svg thumb 180px Appearance of comma upper row and cedilla lower row in the Times New Roman font. Diacritical marks nowrap & x021A & x021B T comma lang ro majuscule , minuscule is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet , used to represent the Romanian language sound IPA t s , the voiceless alveolar affricate like ts in bolts . It is written as the letter T with a small Comma punctuation comma below and it has both the lower case U 021B and the upper case variants U 021A . It is also a part of the Gagauz language Latin alphabet Gagauz alphabet and the Livonian language Alphabet Livonian alphabet . The letter was proposed in the Buda Lexicon , a book published in 1825, which included two texts by Petru Maior , Orthographia romana sive Latino valachica ... , available from version 1.1.0, June 1993 is often used in digital texts in Romanian. T Comma punctuation comma was introduced only in Unicode 3.0.0 September 1999 at the request of the Romanian ... the recommendation to migrate from cedilla to comma. Full support of this letter has been available ... of the fonts including the Arial Unicode MS render T cedilla as T comma because T cedilla is not used ... been written using S cedilla and T comma. However, in order to correctly encode and render both S comma and T comma, one has to install the European Union Expansion Font Update. Unfortunately, there is no official ... web browser is able to generate S comma and T comma, even if the characters are missing from the system ... render S comma and T comma, since at least 2005. If these characters are missing from a certain ... T with comma below http www.fileformat.info info unicode char 0162 index.htm Latin capital letter ... Keyboard driver for Windows XP with S comma and T comma Latin alphabet T comma Category Specific letter ... more details
incorrect. The symbol unicode dDcommad with comma below was used as part of the Romanian ...other uses Comma disambiguation Punctuation marks , The comma , is a punctuation mark. It has ... of three or more things. The comma is used in many contexts and languages, principally for separating things. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the word comma comes directly from the Greek ... . This is the origin of the concept of a comma, although the name came to be used for the mark ..., the comma is used where ambiguity might otherwise arise, to indicate an interpretation of the text such that the words immediately before and after the comma are less closely or exclusively linked in the associated grammar grammatical structure than they might be otherwise. The comma may be used ... similar ways in other languages, particularly European ones, although the rules on comma usage and their rigidity ... a cat, a dog, two rabbits, and six mice. In English, a comma may or may not be used before .... A comma used in such a position is called a serial comma or an Oxford or Harvard comma after the Oxford ... cases, use or omission of such a comma may serve to avoid ambiguity Use of serial comma disambiguating .... must be the boys and Sam and Tom I spoke to more than three people Omission of serial comma disambiguating ..., eggs and chips do not need a comma before the final and , but sometimes it can help the reader he ... academic writing guides, require the serial comma all lists must have a comma before the and prefacing ... to separate clause s. In English, a comma is generally used to separate a dependent clause from ... the comma, this would mean that only those trees over six feet tall were cut down. Some style ... for , and , nor , but , or , yet , so must be separated by a comma placed before the conjunction ... it can stand alone as a sentence , the comma is considered by those guides to be necessary Mary walked ... as a sentence , those guides prescribe that the comma be omitted Mary walked to the party but was unable ... more details
In music theory and musical tuning the Holdrian comma , also called Holder s comma , and sometimes the Arabian comma , ref name Touma Habib Hassan Touma 1996 . The Music of the Arabs , p.23. trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon Amadeus Press. ISBN 0 931340 88 8. ref is a small musical interval of approximately 22.6415 cent music cents , ref name Touma equal to one step of 53 equal temperament , or math sqrt 53 2 math Audio Holdrian comma on C.mid play . The name comma music comma is misleading ... of any tuning system it assumes this name because it is an approximation of the syntonic comma Audio Syntonic comma on C.mid play , which was widely used as a measurement of tuning in William Holder s time. Mercator s comma is a name often used for a closely related interval because of its association ... name Touma Mercator s comma and the Holdrian comma Mercator s comma redirects here Mercator applied ... comma of 21.5063 cents a feature of the prevalent sixth comma meantone temperament tuning system of the time . He also considered that an artificial comma of math sqrt 53 2 math might be useful, because ... the Holdrian comma is named, favored this latter unit because the intervals of 53 equal temperament are closer to just intonation than that of 55. Thus Mercator s comma and the Holdrian comma are two distinct but related intervals. Arabian comma The name Arabian comma may be inaccurate the comma ... Sayan . The name of this comma is Holder komas in Turkish. For instance, the makam rast similar to the Western major scale may be considered in terms of Holdrian commas c d e f g a b c commas 9 8 5 9 9 8 5 while in contrast, the makam nihavend similar to the Western minor scale c d e music b f g a music b b music b c commas 9 4 9 9 4 9 9 has medium second s between d e, e f, g a, a b, and b c ..., Joe 2005 . http www.tonalsoft.com enc m mercator comma.aspx Mercator s Comma , Tonalsoft . Intervals state expanded DEFAULTSORT Holdrian Comma Category Commas ca Coma de Holder es Coma de Holder ... more details
In Ancient Greek rhetoric a comma is a short clause , something less than a colon rhetoric colon , originally denoted by Comma punctuation comma marks . It is shaped as a small swipe at the bottom of the line. In antiquity comma was defined as a combination of words that has no more than eight syllables. See also Comma Johanneum disputed text in 1 John 5 7 8 References http humanities.byu.edu rhetoric Figures C comma.htm Part of a http humanities.byu.edu rhetoric glossary of classical rhetorical terms . Bibliography Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament. Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, New York, Oxford Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 45 46. Category Rhetoric ling stub ... more details
audio Pythagorean comma on C.mid Play , or D Music b and C Music . ref Apel, Willi 1969 . Harvard Dictionary ..., such as C and B Music audio Pythagorean comma on C.mid Play , or D Music b and C Music see Pythagorean comma Circle of fifths and enharmonic change below . Difference between Pythagorean apotome and Pythagorean ...Image Pythagorean comma difference A1 m2 .PNG thumb right 400px Pythagorean comma PC defined in Pythagorean ... equivalent notes from D Music b to C Music . The diminished second has the same width but an opposite direction from to C Music to D Music b . Image Pythagorean comma on C.png thumb right Pythagorean comma on C. audio Pythagorean comma on C.mid Play . The note depicted as lower on the staff B semitone Just intonation music syntonic comma is slightly higher in pitch than C music natural . In musical tuning , the Pythagorean comma or ditonic comma ref not to be confused with the syntonic comma diatonic comma , better known as syntonic comma , equal to the frequency ratio 81 80, or around ... and philosopher Pythagoras , is the small Interval music interval or Comma music comma existing ..., Jekuthiel 2003 . Scripta Mathematica , p.287. ISBN 9780766138353. ref . The comma which musical temperament s often refer to tempering is the Pythagorean comma. ref Coyne, Richard 2010 . The Tuning ... comma can be also defined as the difference between a Pythagorean apotome and a Pythagorean limma ... between three Pythagorean ditone s and one octave this is the reason why the Pythagorean comma is also called ditonic comma . The diminished second , in Pythagorean tuning, is defined as the difference between limma and apotome. It coincides therefore with the opposite of a Pythagorean comma, and can be viewed as a descending Pythagorean comma e.g. from C Music to D Music b , equal to about &minus 23.46 cents. Derivation As described in the introduction, the Pythagorean comma may be derived in multiple ... A1 , while the limma about 90.23 cents, e.g. from C to D Music b is the diatonic semitone, or minor ... more details
Wiktionary comma A comma is a type of punctuation mark , . The word comes from the Greek komma , which means something cut off or a short clause . Comma may also refer to Comma music , a type of interval in music theory Comma butterfly, the brush footed butterfly Polygonia c album and related species comma butterflies the genus Polygonia in general Comma journal , the journal of the International Council on Archives Comma rhetoric , a short clause in Ancient Greek rhetoric Comma operator , an operator in C and other related programming languages See also Coma disambiguation Commer commerial vehicle manufacturer Kama Disambig fr Comma id Koma it Comma sv Komma ... more details
Image Syntonic comma on C.png thumb right Syntonic comma on C audio Syntonic comma on C.mid Play . Image Just perfect fifth on D.png thumb right Just perfect fifth on D audio Just perfect fifth on D.mid Play . The perfect fifth above D A is a syntonic comma higher than the just major sixth A music natural ... tone audio Minor tone on C.mid Play . In music theory , the syntonic comma , also known as the chromatic diesis , the comma of Didymus , the Ptolemy Ptolemaic comma , or the diatonic comma ref Johnston ... of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252030982. ref is a small Comma music comma type interval music interval ... than as different notes. The comma is referred to as Didymus the Musician Didymus because it is the amount ... The syntonic comma is the interval between a just major third 5 4 and a Pythagorean ditone 81 64 . Another way of describing the syntonic comma, as a combination of more commonly encountered intervals ... these is 21.51 cents 81 80 , a syntonic comma. Equally, it can be described as the difference ... 3 2s, but uses the relatively complex ratio of 81 64 for major thirds. Quarter comma meantone , on the other ... comma. Other systems use different compromises. In just intonation , there are two kinds ... a ratio of 9 8 and 10 9, and the ratio between them is the syntonic comma 81 80 . Also, 27 16 5 3 81 ... tunings, they cannot be described as superparticular ratios. Another frequently encountered comma is the Pythagorean comma . Syntonic comma in the history of music The syntonic comma has a crucial role ... and dissonance consonant . For instance, if you decrease by a syntonic comma 81 80 the frequency ... , known as quarter comma meantone , in which the number of major thirds was maximized, and most ... each fifth by a quarter of a syntonic comma, an amount which was considered negligible ... were developed, and the syntonic comma was used as a reference value to temper the perfect fifths ..., including meantone temperament s. See also F pitch Holdrian comma References reflist External links ... more details
, for instance, as the difference between an F Music tuned using the D based Pythagorean tuning system, and another F Music tuned using the D based quarter comma meantone system. Even within the same ...Image Syntonic comma on C.png thumb right Syntonic comma on C audio Syntonic comma on C.mid Play . Image Pythagorean comma on C.png thumb right Pythagorean comma on C audio Pythagorean comma on C.mid Play . In music theory , a comma is a minute interval music interval , the difference resulting from ..., eds. Macmillan. ref The word comma used without qualification refers to the syntonic comma , ref ... and chromatic , and hence by a comma of unique size. The same is true for Pythagorean tuning. align ... comma meantone as difference between semitones br m2 A1 117.1 76.0 41.1 cents , or interval between enharmonic enharmonically equivalent notes br from C Music to D Music b . The interval from C to D is narrower than in Pythagorean tuning see below . audio Enharmonic scale segment on C.mid Play Image Pythagorean comma difference A1 m2 .PNG thumb center 492 px Pythagorean comma PC defined in Pythagorean ... enharmonically equivalent notes br from D Music b to C Music . The interval from C to D is wider than in quarter comma meantone see above . In just intonation , more than two kinds of semitones may ... to be tuned in just intonation . Notice that the Pythagorean comma PC and the syntonic comma ..., the difference between them is a small comma called schisma . A schisma is not audible in many ... between tones which is around six cents . class wikitable rowspan 3 Name of comma rowspan 3 Alternative ... comma meantone temperament meantone align center 1 PC 1 SC 8 perfect fifths br 1 major third 5 octaves ... right 8.11 align center 15625 15552 Small undecimal comma ref Halu ka, J n 2003 . The Mathematical ... Diaskhisma align center m2 A1 br in 1 6 comma meantone, br S sub 3 sub S sub 2 sub br in 5 limit ... center 2048 2025 rowspan 2 Syntonic comma SC rowspan 2 Didymus comma align center rowspan 2 S sub 2 ... more details
d math with math F sigma circ rho rho math . In other words, it is an object in the comma category ...In mathematics, a comma category a special case being a slice category is a construction in category ... several important mathematical concepts can be treated as comma categories. There are also certain ... of comma categories. The name comes from the notation originally used by Lawvere, which involved the comma punctuation mark. Although standard notation has changed since the use of a comma as an operator is potentially confusing, and even Lawvere dislikes the uninformative term comma category , the name persists. Definition The most general comma category construction involves two functor s with the same ... accounts of category theory consider these special cases only, but the term comma category is actually ... T mathcal C xleftarrow S mathcal B math We can form the comma category math T downarrow S math ... object math A math in math mathcal C math . In this case, the comma category is written math mathcal ..., the comma category is often written math A downarrow mathcal C math , where math A math is the object ..., the comma category is the arrow category math mathcal C rightarrow math . Its objects are the morphisms ... set regarded as a functor from 1 , then the comma category math t downarrow S math has objects that are maps ... 1 . If math T A math and math S B math , then the comma category math T downarrow S math , written ... B math . Properties For each comma category there are forgetful functors from it. Domain functor ... definition in terms of comma categories. The category of pointed set s is a comma category, math bull ... mathbf Set downarrow D math , with math D mathbf Set rightarrow mathbf Set math the functor taking ... index. Many augmentation or labelling operations can be expressed in terms of comma categories. Let ... are labelled by elements of math A math . This form of comma category is often called objects math T math ... morphisms Limit category theory Colimits in comma categories may be inherited . If math mathcal ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Eastern Comma image Polygonia comma Kaldari 01.jpg status regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Brush footed Butterflies Nymphalidae tribus Nymphalini genus Polygonia species P. comma binomial Polygonia comma binomial authority Thaddeus William Harris Harris , 1842 range map Polygonia comma range map.JPG Range map showing distribution of the Eastern Comma. synonyms Nymphalis comma The Eastern Comma Polygonia comma is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae , subfamily Nymphalinae . Description Image Eastern comma.jpg thumb left Showing upperside of wings This butterfly is seasonally variable. The upper side of the summer forms hind wings are all black whereas, the winter forms hind wings are reddish orange. The underside of both forms is striped with dark and light brown. There is a silvery comma mark in the middle ... Comma may be spotted in woods near rivers, ponds, marshes, swamps, and other water sources. Nectar Plants .... Similar Species The dark form of comma is frequently confused with the dark form of the Polygonia ... by the shape of the comma mark on the underside. The pale form is easily confused with the Polygonia satyrus Satyr Comma N. satyrus , which usually occurs north and west of the Eastern Comma s range. They can be distinguished by the upperside colour, which is orange brown in comma and tawny yellowish brown in satyrus by the underside pattern, which tends to be mottled in comma but appears to be more ..., which tend to be separate and surrounded by dark shading in comma, but are larger and tend to run ... EasternComma e.php Eastern Comma , Butterflies of Canada External links Commons wikispecies http entomology.ifas.ufl.edu creatures bfly eastern comma.htm Eastern Comma on the University of Florida ... Comma Category Butterflies and moths of North America Category Butterflies of Canada fr Polygone virgule nl Polygonia comma ... more details
Taxobox image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera zoosectio Schizophora zoosubsectio Acalyptratae superfamilia Tephritoidea familia Tephritidae genus Trypeta species T. comma binomial Trypeta comma subdivision ranks Subspecies subdivision Trypeta comma is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Trypeta of the family Tephritidae . ref http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt ref ref http nomen.at Trypeta comma ref ref http data.gbif.org species browse taxon 13143053 ref References Reflist Category Trypeta Trypeta stub ... more details
In musical tuning , the Orwell comma audio Orwell comma on C.mid Play is a very small musical interval of 13.07 cents music cents and frequency ratio of 1728 1715 or 2 sup 6 sup 3 sup 3 sup 5 7 sup 3 sup ref http www.huygens fokker.org docs intervals.html ref . It is so named because the temperament eliminating this comma, Orwell temperament, has an optimal generator very close to 19 steps out of 84 equal temperament this pattern of 19 84 steps is similar to the title of Orwell s novel 1984. Citation needed date May 2011 Sources reflist Intervals state expanded Category Commas music stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Nephele comma image Nephele comma.JPG image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Sphingidae genus Nephele genus Nephele species N. comma binomial Nephele comma binomial authority Hopffer, 1857 ref cite web url http www.cate sphingidae.org taxonomy Nephele leighi.html title CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience Sphingidae publisher Cate sphingidae.org date accessdate 2011 10 25 ref synonyms Nephele triangulifera small Closs, 1914 small Nephele charoba small Kirby, 1877 small Nephele charoba microstigma small Clark, 1927 small Nephele comma derasa small Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 small Nephele comma is a moth of the Sphingidae family. It is very common throughout the Ethiopian Region , including Madagascar . ref cite web url http www.biodiversitylibrary.org jeanhs XXVI 20No.3 20 115 1 1967 Carcasson.pdf title Revised Catalogue of the African Sphingidae Lepidoptera with Descriptions of the East African species publisher Biodiversitylibrary.org date accessdate 2011 10 25 ref The length of the forewings is 32 39 mm and the wingspan is 76 86 mm. It is a very variable species. The body and forewings are dark olive green to reddish brown and to light ochreous brown. The dorsum of the abdomen is broadly of the same colour as the thorax. There are three large quadrate blackish lateral spots. The forewings have irregular dark transverse bands which are usually much better developed in the olive or ochreous specimens than in the reddish ones. The terminal area has a greyish tinge, usually in distinct contrast with the remainder of the wing and clearly defined proximally by a regular blackish submarginal line running from the apex to the tornus. In the typical form, the stigma is a prominent silvery white reversed comma with its curve towards the base of the wing and its extremities towards the termen ... Macroglossini stub nl Nephele comma ... more details
Fat comma is a computer programming programming term primarily associated with the Perl and Ruby programming language Ruby programming language s, though others doubtless also employ the token parser token . It refers to an operator programming operator , indicated as code code , which Perl and Ruby use to declare hashes . It is considered an example of good idiomatic Computer science idiomatic Perl when used to bind key value pairs in a hash table hash , instead of using a comma. ref name hashbind Cite book last Conway first Damian authorlink Damian Conway editor Allison Randal and Tatiana Appandi title Perl Best Practices origyear 2005 publisher O Reilly Media, Inc. isbn 0 596 00173 8 chapter 4 Values and Expressions pages 66 quote Whenever you are creating a list of key value or name value pairs, use the fat comma to connect the keys to their corresponding values. ref In Coffeescript , the fat comma is used to declare a function that is bound to code this code . ref name coffeescript grammar cite web last Ashkenas first Jeremy title Coffeescript Documentation grammar.coffee url http coffeescript.org documentation docs grammar.html ref source lang perl a typical, idiomatic use of the fat comma in Perl my newHash first name Tom , last name Auger source Subtleties Perl When working under strict mode in Perl a programming practice that forces the developer to adhere to the highest standards of consistency, typing and declaration available to the language s compiler , the fat comma has one advantage over its comma code , code analogue it forces the word to its left to be interpreted as a string. ref http perldoc.perl.org perlop.html Comma Operator perldoc.perl.org perlop Comma ... comma would be legal and idiomatic source lang perl use strict my goodHash converted to string very ... pairing of associative array s. Ruby In Ruby programming language Ruby , the fat comma is the token ... In Ruby programming language Ruby , the fat comma is occasionally called a hash rocket . ref ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Asylemissa comma image image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae genus Asylemissa species A. comma binomial Asylemissa comma binomial authority Fibiger, 2010 synonyms Asylemissa comma is a moth of the Micronoctuidae family. It is known from north eastern Thailand . The wingspan is about 8 mm. The head, patagia, anterior part of the tegulae, prothorax, basal part of the costa, costal part of the medial area and fringes are blackish brown. The costal medial area is quadrangular. The forewing is short, narrow and pointed at the apex. The ground colour is yellow suffused with brown scales and with a black tornal patch. The crosslines are partly indistinct and light brown. The terminal line is also indistinct and indicated by a few black, interneural dots. The hindwing is grey, without a discal spot. The underside of the forewing is light brown, while the underside of the hindwing is light grey. References aut Fibiger, M. 2010 Revision of the Micronoctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Part 3, Taxonomy of the Tactusinae. http www.mapress.com zootaxa index.html Zootaxa , 2583 1 119. http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2010 f z02583p119f.pdf Preview Category Micronoctuidae Micronoctuidae stub ... more details
A comma splice is the use of a comma to join two independent clause s. For example Quote It is nearly ... in others, comma splices are usually considered style errors in English. Prescriptive view Comma splices ... edition 1st accessdate 2007 09 04 chapter Do not join independent clauses by a comma chapterurl ..., Joanne. Checkmate A Writing Reference for Canadians. Scarborough, Ontario Nelson. 2003. ref comma ... like furthermore , however , or moreover . A conjunctive adverb and a comma or a conjunctive adverb between two commas is not strong enough to separate two independent clauses and creates a comma splice ..., contains Buckley believes a comma splice with a conjunctive adverb. Only semicolons and periods are strong ... such as although or since . Grammarians disagree as to whether a comma splice also constitutes a run on sentence . Some run on sentence definitions include comma splices, ref cite web title Run on Sentences, Comma Splices url http grammar.ccc.commnet.edu grammar runons.htm accessdate 2008 01 24 ref ... comma splices. ref cite web title Run ons Comma Splices Fused Sentences url http owl.english.purdue.edu ... from children or from our less literate friends Curiously, this habit of writing comma joined sentences ... I. Murdoch . The comma splice is often considered acceptable in poetic writing. The editors of the Jerusalem ... 11 23 chapter That ll do, comma author Lynne Truss. publisher Profile Books location London ref observes so many highly respected writers observe the splice comma that a rather unfair rule emerges on this one ... . Done knowingly by an established writer, the comma splice is effective, poetic, dashing. Done equally ... by ignorant people, it is awful. Comma splices are also acceptable in passages of spoken or interior ... Simply removing the comma does not correct the error, but results in a run on sentence . There are several ways to correct a comma splice Change the comma to a semicolon, Colon punctuation colon ... reach town before dark. Insert a coordinating conjunction following the comma It is nearly half ... more details
Taxobox name Hoary Comma image Polygonia gracilis 3396.JPG status NE status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropoda classis Insecta ordo Lepidoptera familia Nymphalidae tribus Nymphalini genus Polygonia species P. gracilis binomial Polygonia gracilis binomial authority Augustus Radcliffe Grote Grote & Robinson, 1867 synonyms Nymphalis gracilis The Hoary Comma Polygonia gracilis is a species of butterfly , common in boreal ecosystem boreal North America from Alaska, across southern Canada to New England and the Maritime Provinces and south to New Mexico from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The wings have a distinctive ragged edge. ref name Sommer cite web last Sommer first Stefan authorlink coauthors Denise Knight, Stephanie McDowell, Stephen Burton, Ean Harker title Polygonia gracilis work Digital Atlas of Idaho publisher date url http imnh.isu.edu digitalatlas bio insects butrfly famnymph pogrf.htm doi accessdate 2008 06 22 ref ref name Opler cite web last Opler first Paul A. authorlink coauthors Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators title Hoary Comma work Butterflies and Moths of North America publisher Bozeman, MT NBII Mountain Prairie Information Node year 2006 url http www.butterfliesandmoths.org format doi accessdate 2008 06 22 ref Adult butterflies feed on tree sap and nectar from flowers. Caterpillars feed on shrub leaves including currant, western azalea and mock azalea. The species survives the winter in the adult stage in diapause and mate and lay eggs in the spring. Butterflies emerge from their Pupa Chrysalis chrysalids in midsummer. References references External links Commons Polygonia gracilis Hoary Comma wikispecies Polygonia gracilis Hoary Comma http www.cbif.gc.ca spp pages butterflies species HoaryComma e.php Hoary Comma , Butterflies of Canada Category Nymphalini Category Butterflies and moths of North America Category Butterflies of Canada Nymphalinae stub fr Polygone gracile nl Polygonia gracilis ... more details
Image Septimal comma on C.png thumb Septimal comma on C audio Septimal comma on C.mid Play . Image Major second on C.png thumb right 3 limit 9 8 major second major tone audio Major tone on C.mid Play . Image Septimal major second on C.png thumb right 7 limit 8 7 septimal whole tone audio Septimal major second on C.mid Play . A septimal comma is a small interval music musical interval in just intonation that contains the number 7 number seven in its prime factorization . There is more than one such interval, so the term septimal comma is ambiguous, but it most commonly refers to the interval 64 63. ref name H F cite web url http www.xs4all.nl huygensf doc intervals.html title List of intervals accessdate 2006 07 29 author Manuel Op de Coul work Stichting Huygens Fokker archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060704064519 http www.xs4all.nl huygensf doc intervals.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2006 07 04 ref ref cite journal last Perrett first Wilfrid year 1932 month April title The Heritage of Greece in Music journal Proceedings of the Musical Association volume 58 pages 85 103 format GIF doi 10.1093 jrma 58.1.85 jstor 09588442 ref Use of septimal commas introduces new intervals that extend tuning beyond common practice, extending music to the 7 limit, including the 7 6 septimal minor third , the 7 5 septimal tritone and the 8 7 septimal major second . Composers who made extensive .... 106 137. ref Specific commas The 64 63 septimal comma Audio Septimal comma on C.mid play , also known as Archytas Comma , ref name H F is the interval equal to the difference between a major and septimal ... comma . The composition of the septimal comma and the syntonic comma is 36 35, known as the septimal ... between the two septimal tritone s, 7 5 and 10 7, or Erlich s decatonic comma , because it plays ... wikitable Ratio Size in cents Names 64 63 27.3 Septimal comma, Archytas comma 50 49 35.0 Septimal sixth tone , tritonic diesis, Erlich s decatonic comma 49 48 35.7 Septimal diesis Slendro diesis ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 In the C programming language C and C programming languages, the comma operator represented by the token parser token code , code is a binary operator that evaluates its first operand and discards the result, and then evaluates the second operand and returns this value and type . The comma operator has the lowest Order of operations precedence of any C operator, and acts as a sequence point . The use of the comma token as an operator is distinct from its use in function call s and definitions, variable declarations, enum declarations, and similar constructs, where it acts as a separator . In this example, the differing behavior between the second and third lines is due to the comma operator having lower precedence than assignment. source lang C int a 1, b 2, c 3, i comma acts as separator in this line, not as an operator i a, b stores b into i ... a 1, b 2, c 3, i 2 i a, b stores a into i. Equivalent to i a , b ... a 1, b 2, c 3, i 1 i a 2, a b increases a by 2, then stores a b 3 2 into i ... a 3, b 2, c 3, i 5 i a 2, a b increases a by 2, then stores a 5 into i ... a 5, b 2, c 3, i 5 i a, b, c stores a into i ... a 5, b 2, c 3, i 5 i a, b, c stores c into i ... a 5, b 2, c 3, i 3 source A handy reminder is that source lang C a, b source has the same effect as using C s 3F ternary operator like source lang C a ? b b source Because the comma operator discards its first operand, it is generally only useful where the first operand has desirable Side effect computer science side effects , such as in the initialiser or the counting expression of a for loop . For example, the following terse linked list cycle detection algorithm a version of Robert ... comma separates hare and tortoise step if tortoise hare loop found return true return false source .... JavaScript utilizes the comma operator in the same way C C does. See also Sequence point ... intro Facility from the Boost library which makes it easy to fill containers using comma operator ... more details
The Comma Johanneum is a Comma rhetoric comma a short clause in the First Epistle of John bibleverse ... source, the comma is also contained in most translations of the Bible translations published from ... the Comma were the editions of Daniel Mace biblical scholar Daniel Mace 1729 and The New Testament ... After Erasmus included the Comma in the 3rd edition of his Greek New Testament of 1522 the Comma was included ... John 5 7 8 reads as follows with the Comma in bold print 5 7 For there are three that bear record in heaven ... Version KJV , contain the Comma, modern Bible translations such as the New International Version ... Version NRSV and others tend to either omit the Comma entirely, or relegate it to the footnotes ... , also excludes the Comma. ref http www.vatican.va archive bible nova vulgata documents nova vulgata ... ZWH Brotherhood and http www.myriobiblos.gr bible Antoniades have the Comma in the main text ... 1 John 5 7 8 Comma Johanneum.JPG thumb 250px left Excerpt from Codex Sinaiticus including 1 John 5 7 9. It lacks the Comma Johanneum. The purple coloured text says There are three witness bearers, the Spirit and the water and the blood . The comma may have arisen as a gloss as early as the 4th ... was aware of the Comma s existence. ref name CE http www.newadvent.org cathen 08435a.htm Catholic ... The comma is also absent from an extant fragment of Clement of Alexandria c. 200 , through Cassiodorus ..., which has been taken as evidence that the comma did not exist as part of the epistle s text in his ... of the Comma. He may indeed have known it Annotated bibliography of the textual criticism ... gegen das Comma Johanneum? by Norbert Fickermann, 1934, who considers evidence that Augustine ... . ref No Syriac Christianity Syriac manuscripts include the Comma, and its presence in some printed ... Daniel B. Wallace, http www.bible.org page.asp?page id 1185 The Comma Johanneum and Cyprian . ref Daniel ... Graece NA26 and UBS3 which consider Cyprian a witness against the Comma. The latest edition ... more details
Size of intervals in D based symmetric quarter comma meantone.PNG frame right Approximate size in cents of the 144 intervals in D based quarter comma meantone tuning. Interval music Quality Interval ...Unreferenced date June 2008 Quarter comma meantone , or 1 4 comma meantone , was the most common meantone ... by one quarter of a syntonic comma , with respect to its just intonation used in Pythagorean ... over 80 5 cdot 81 over 80 . math In quarter comma meantone temperament, where a just intonation just ... size 5 1 must be obtained, even in quarter comma meantone, by stacking four fifths. Since justly ... comma meantone the fifths must be slightly flattened to meet this requirement. Letting x be the frequency ... Notice that, in quarter comma meantone, the seventeenth is 81 80 times narrower than in Pythagorean tuning. This difference in size, equal to about 21.506 cents, is called the syntonic comma . This implies that the fifth is a quarter of a syntonic comma narrower than the justly tuned Pythagorean fifth ... between these two sizes is a quarter of a syntonic comma math approx 701.955 696.578 approx 5.377 ... . This is achieved by tuning the seventeenth a syntonic comma flatter than the Pythagorean seventeenth, which implies tuning the fifth a quarter of a syntonic comma flatter than the just intonation just ratio of sesquialterum 3 2 . It is this that gives the system its name of quarter comma meantone ... with respect to D the base note , in a D based scale see Pythagorean tuning for a more detailed ... music interval from D the base note , the formula to compute its frequency ratio, and the approximate ... Note Interval from D Formula Freq. br ratio Size br cents A music b diminished fifth math x 6 cdot ... style text align right 1.3375 style text align right 503.4 D unison math x 0 cdot 2 0 1 math style ... shows a D based stack of fifths i.e. a stack in which all ratios are expressed relative to D, and D has a ratio of 1 1 . Since it is centered at D, the base note, this stack can be called D based symmetric ... more details
Septimal comma on C. Created by User Hyacinth Hyacinth User talk Hyacinth talk 03 09, 3 June 2010 using Sibelius 5. See File Septimal comma on C.mid GFDL self migration relicense Category 7 limit tuning Category Ben Johnston s notation Category Music images Category Monochrome images Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
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