Image Zeatin.png thumb right 122px The cytokinin zeatin is named after the genus of corn, Teosinte Zea ... Skoog . ref J.J. Kieber 2002 Tribute to Folke Skoog Recent advances in our understanding of cytokinin ... 30. ref Cambium and other actively dividing tissues are also sites of cytokinin biosynthesis. ref Chen, C. et al. 1985. Localization of Cytokinin Biosynthetic Sites in Pea Plants and Carrot Roots. Plant ... in plant tissues. ref Mok, DWS and Mok, MC. 2001. Cytokinin metabolism and action. Annual Review of Plant ... that stimulates cell expansion. ref name campbell Mode of Action The ratio of auxin to cytokinin plays an important role in the effect of cytokinin on plant growth. Parenchyma tissue cultured with auxin and without cytokinin have cells that grow large but do not divide. When cytokinin is added ... with only cytokinin, there is no effect. When cytokinin and auxin are present in equal levels, the parenchyma ... in cytokinin will lead to the growth of shoot buds, while an increase in auxin induces root formation ... as affect apical dominance. These effects are a result of the cytokinin to auxin ratio, and termed ... branching. During this process, cytokinin moves from the roots and into the shoots, eventually signaling ... lateral dominance. ref name campbell While cytokinin action in vascular Vascular plant plants is described ... effect of cytokinin. ref Eva L. Decker, Wolfgang Frank, Eric Sarnighausen, Ralf Reski 2006 Moss ... the transgenic leaves remained mostly green. It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes ..., Peter J. Lea, and W. Paul Quick. Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Cytokinin, Sugars, and Light ... 2006 Cytokinin biosynthesis and perception Physiologia Plantarum 126 4 , 528 538 ref This reaction is the Rate determining step rate limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis. DMAPP and HMBDP used in cytokinin ... ref name ipts Kaori Miyawaki, Miho Matsumoto Kitano, Tatsuo Kakimoto 2004 Expression of cytokinin ..., cytokinin, and nitrate The Plant Journal 37 1 , 128 138 ref tRNAs with anticodon s that start with a uridine ... more details
enzyme Name cytokinin dehydrogenase EC number 1.5.99.12 CAS number IUBMB EC number 1 5 99 12 GO code 0019139 image width caption In enzymology , a cytokinin dehydrogenase EC number 1.5.99.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction N sub 6 sub dimethylallyladenine acceptor H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math adenine 3 methylbut 2 enal reduced acceptor The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are N6 dimethylallyladenine , Electron acceptor acceptor , and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenine , 3 methylbut 2 enal , and reduced acceptor . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH NH group of donors with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6 dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include N6 dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase , 6 N dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase , OsCKX2 , CKX , and cytokinin oxidase dehydrogenase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1W1O , PDB link 1W1Q , PDB link 1W1R , PDB link 1W1S , PDB link 2EXR , and PDB link 2Q4W . References reflist 1 cite journal author Galuszka P, Frebort I, Sebela M, Sauer P, Jacobsen S, Pec P date 2001 title Cytokinin oxidase or dehydrogenase? Mechanism of cytokinin degradation in cereals journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 268 pages 450&ndash 61 pmid 11168382 doi 10.1046 j.1432 1033.2001.01910.x issue 2 1.5 enzyme stub Category EC 1.5.99 Category Enzymes of known structure it Citochinina deidrogenasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name cytokinin 7 beta glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.118 CAS number 72103 03 8 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 118 GO code 0047807 image width caption In enzymology , a cytokinin 7 beta glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.118 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose N sub 6 sub alkylaminopurine math rightleftharpoons math UDP N sub 6 sub alkylaminopurine 7 beta D glucoside Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and N6 alkylaminopurine , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and N6 alkylaminopurine 7 beta D glucoside . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose zeatin 7 glucosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose zeatin 7 glucosyltransferase , and cytokinin 7 glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Entsch B and Letham DS date 1979 title Enzymic glucosylation of the cytokinin, 6 benzylaminopurine journal Plant Sci. Lett. volume 14 issue 2 pages 205&ndash 212 doi 10.1016 0304 4211 79 90061 0 cite journal author Entsch B, Parker CW, Letham DS, Summons RE date 1979 title Preparation and characterization, using high performance liquid chromatography, of an enzyme forming glucosides of cytokinins journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 570 pages 124&ndash 39 pmid 486500 issue 1 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name adenylate dimethylallyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.27 CAS number 72840 95 0 IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 27 GO code 0009824 image width caption In enzymology , an adenylate dimethylallyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.27 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction dimethylallyl diphosphate AMP math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate N sub 6 sub dimethylallyl adenosine 5 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are dimethylallyl diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate AMP , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and N6 dimethylallyl adenosine 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dimethylallyl diphosphate AMP dimethylallyltransferase . Other names in common use include cytokinin synthase , isopentenyltransferase , 2 isopentenyl diphosphate AMP Delta2 isopentenyltransferase , and adenylate isopentenyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Chen CM, Melitz DK date 1979 title Cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell free system from cytokinin autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures journal FEBS. Lett. volume 107 pages 15&ndash 20 pmid 499537 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 79 80452 4 issue 1 transferase stub Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
strain. The operon codifies for genes involved in cytokinin synthesis and degradation orf 4,5,6 , in particular for an isopentenyl transferase, a cytokinin oxidase and a glutation s transferase ... three genes supply energy for the synthesis and degradation of cytokinin, performed by the last ..., a proline dehidrogenase, which has its trascription induced by cytokinin and turns proline ... of the effects are connected to auxin and cytokinin, such as formation of green islands on leaves ..., and inhibition of lateral roots. In fact, R. fascians can produce itself cytokinin, or citokinin like compounds using orf4 and orf5 in fas operon, it can stimulate infected plants to produce cytokinin ... can also degradate cytokinin to influence the cytokinin auxin ratio. Beside cytokinin and auxin ... more details
Image Physcomitrella Protonema.jpg thumb Protonema cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens A protonema plural protonemata is a thread like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage the haploid phase of a bryophyte life cycle. When a moss or Marchantiophyta liverwort first grows from the spore , it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophore . Moss spores Germination germinate to form an alga like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte . While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin , bud s are induced which grow by three faced apical cells. These give raise to gametophore s, stems and leaf like structures bryophytes do not have true leaves megaphyll . These gametophores are the adult form of the gametophyte ref Ralf Reski 1998 Developmental biology Development , genetics and molecular biology of moss es. Botanica Acta 111, 1 15. ref . Protonema are characteristic of all mosses and some liverworts but are absent from hornwort s. The protonema is also the photosynthetic part of a germinating fern spore. References reflist botany stub Category Bryophytes cs Prvokl ek de Protonema fr Protonema pl Spl tek pt Protonema ru sv Protonema uk zh ... more details
Image Plastids types en.svg thumb Different types of plastid Etioplasts are chloroplast s that have not been exposed to light. They are usually found in flowering plants Angiosperms grown in the dark. If a plant is kept out of light for several days, its normal chloroplasts will actually convert into etioplasts. Etioplasts lack active pigment and can technically be considered leucoplast s. High concentrations of etioplasts will cause leaves to appear yellow rather than green. ref name wise cite book last Wise first Robert title The Diversity of Plastid Form and Function publisher Springer date 2007 chapter 1 url http www.springerlink.com index qp032630631337u6.pdf ref These plant organelle s contain prolamellar bodies, which are membrane aggregations of semi crystalline lattices of branched tubules which carry the precursor pigment for chlorophyll . The prolamellar bodies are often and perhaps always arranged in geometric patterns. ref name wise They are converted to chloroplasts via the stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis by the plant hormone cytokinin soon after exposure to light. Thylakoid s and granum grana arise from the prolamellar bodies during this process. See also Chloroplast Chromoplast Leucoplast Amyloplast Elaioplast Proteinoplast References Reflist Category Organelles Category Plant physiology de Etioplast fr tioplaste it Ezioplasto nl Etioplast pl Etioplast zh ... more details
A kinin is any of various structurally related polypeptides , such as bradykinin and kallikrein . They are members of the autacoid family. ref MeshName Kinins ref They act locally to induce vasodilation and contraction of smooth muscle . ref eMedicineDictionary Kinin ref ref DorlandsDict five 000056477 Kinin ref It is a component of the kinin kallikrein system . Their precursors are kininogen . ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?query kinins&action Search OMD Online Medical Dictionary ref In botany , plant hormone s cytokinin s were first called kinins, but the name was changed to avoid confusion. ref Galuszka P, Sp chal L, Kope n D, Tarkowski P, Fr bortov J, ebela M and Fr bort Ivo 2008 Metabolism of plant hormones cytokinins and their function in signaling, cell differentiation and plant development in Bioactive Natural Products Edt. Atta ur Rahman http dx.doi.org 10.1016 S1572 5995 08 80028 2 ref Aspirin inhibits the activation of kallenogen by interfering with the formation of kallikrien enzyme which is essential in the process of activation. References reflist 2 External links http nic.sav.sk logos books scientific node31.html The kinin forming system at nic.sav.sk Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins Autacoids Neuropeptides Category Kinin system biochem stub ca Cinina de Kinine fr Kinine sq Kinina sv Kininer ... more details
enzyme Name cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.215 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 215 GO code 0050502 image width caption In enzymology , a cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.215 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose cis zeatin math rightleftharpoons math UDP O beta D glucosyl cis zeatin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and cis zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O beta D glucosyl cis zeatin . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Martin RC, Mok MC, Habben JE, Mok DW date 2001 title A maize cytokinin gene encoding an O glucosyltransferase specific to cis zeatin journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 98 pages 5922&ndash 6 pmid 11331778 doi 10.1073 pnas.101128798 issue 10 pmc 33314 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Image Betula pubescens Taphrina.jpg thumb 300px Witch s brooms on Downy Birch , caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina Image Witch s broom pinus strobus.jpg thumb 300px Witch s broom on a white pine. A Witch s broom is a disease or deformity in a woody plant , typically a tree , where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoot s grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a Broom tool broom or a bird s nest . One example of this would be cytokinin , a phytohormone , interfering with an auxin regulated bud. Usually auxin would keep the secondary, tertiary, and so on apexes from growing too much, but cytokinin releases them from this control, causing these apexes to grow into witch s brooms. Witch s broom growths last for many years and can be caused by many different types of organisms, such as fungus fungi , insect s, mistletoe , dwarf mistletoe s, mite s, nematode s, phytoplasma s and virus es. ref name AA Book of the British Countryside . Pub. London Drive Publications, 1973 . p. 519. ref Human activity is sometimes behind the introduction of these organisms for example when a person prunes a tree improperly, leaving the tree susceptible to disease. Witch s brooms occasionally result in desirable changes. Some cultivars of trees, such as Picea orientalis Tom Thumb Gold , were discovered as witch s brooms. If twigs of witches brooms are grafted onto normal rootstocks, freak trees result, showing that the attacking organism has changed the inherited growth pattern of the twigs. ref name AA Book of the British Countryside . Pub. London Drive Publications, 1973 . p. 519. ref Witch s brooms are used by various animals for nests including the northern flying squirrel ref http www.adfg.state.ak.us pubs notebook furbear nfsquirl.php ref See also Witch s Broom Nebula References Reflist External links commonscat inline Witch s broom http wbgarden.com nove Dwarf 20conifer 20garden Top default.htm Witch s Broom nursery Category ... more details
Letter NumberCombination CJ CL BK DK wiktionarypar CK .ck CK , Ck , or ck may refer to Biochemistry Creatine kinase Cytokinin , a kind of plant hormone Cytokeratin People known by the initials CK Prahalad , a professor at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business Louis C.K. Chaka Khan , American singer and songwriter Other Ck digraph .ck , the Internet country code top level domain for the Cook Islands CK album CK album , 1998 album by Chaka Khan Calvin Klein Candidate key Chaka Khan 1982 album Chaka Khan 1982 album , Chaka Khan s self titled album Chairman King or Circus King , bosses in Okage video games Certified Kinesiologist , Chevrolet C K , car companies Chevrolet and GMC s full size Pickup truck line from 1960 until 1998 China Cargo Airlines s IATA code Citizen Kane Civilinis kodeksas , Code of Lithuania Composite Corridor , a designation of British Rail carriage Con Kolivas , the Linux Kernel developer Conductive keratoplasty Core Knowledge , a textbook series Corner kick Corner Kick , a method of restarting play in a game of association football Cranbrook Kingswood , a Bloomfield Hills school Crusader Kings video game , a grand strategy game made by Paradox Interactive Crip Killer, a member of the Bloods street gang Cyanogen chloride disambig cs CK de CK eo Ck fa CK fr CK ko CK it CK sw CK lv CK lt CK reik m s nl Ck ja CK no CK pl CK sl CK fi Ck sv CK zh CK ... more details
mRNA splicing defect by the plant cytokinin kinetin author Susan A. Slaugenhaupt et al. journal Human ... 5, 113 116. Slaugenhaupt et al. 2004 Rescue of a human mRNA splicing defect by the plant cytokinin kinetin ... more details
enzyme Name zeatin 9 aminocarboxyethyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.50 CAS number 62683 23 2 IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 50 GO code 0050447 image width caption In enzymology , a zeatin 9 aminocarboxyethyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.50 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction O acetyl L serine zeatin math rightleftharpoons math lupinate acetate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are O acetyl L serine and zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are lupinate and acetate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is O3 acetyl L serine zeatin 2 amino 2 carboxyethyltransferase . Other names in common use include beta 9 cytokinin alanine synthase , beta 9 cytokinin alanine synthase , O acetyl L serine acetate lyase adding N6 substituted adenine , lupinate synthetase , lupinic acid synthase , lupinic acid synthetase , and 3 O acetyl L serine zeatin 2 amino 2 carboxyethyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Entsch B, Parker CW and Letham DS date 1983 title An enzyme from lupin seeds forming alanine derivatives of cytokinins journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 22 pages 375&ndash 381 doi 10.1016 0031 9422 83 83008 8 cite journal author Mok DWS and Mok MC date 2001 title Cytokinin metabolism and action journal Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. volume 52 pages 89&ndash 118 doi 10.1146 annurev.arplant.52.1.89 pmid 11337393 Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure transferase stub ... more details
auxin and cytokinin and possibly salicylic acid in addition . This causes even more ethylene ... division the theory, perhaps even more controversially, asserts that just as both auxin and cytokinin ... are needed for programmed cell senescence, but that all three are needed. Similarly, auxin and cytokinin ... more details
Image Ti Plasmid.jpg thumb 350px right Ti plasmid with T DNA region The transfer DNA abbreviated T DNA is the transferred deoxyribonucleic acid DNA of the Ti plasmid tumor inducing Ti plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes . It derives its name from the fact that the bacterium transfers this DNA fragment into the host plant s cell nucleus nuclear DNA genome . The T DNA is bordered by 25 base pair repeats on each end. Transfer is initiated at the left border and terminated at the right border and requires the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. The bacterial T DNA is about 20,000 base pairs long and contains gene s that code for enzyme s synthesizing opines and phytohormone s. By transferring the T DNA into the plant genome, the bacterium essentially reprograms the plant cells to grow into a tumor and produce a unique food source for the bacteria. The synthesis of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin enables the plant cell to grow uncontrollably, thus forming the crown gall tumor s typically induced by Agrobacterium infection. The opines are amino acid derivatives used by the bacterium as a source of carbon and energy. T DNA transformation Agrobacterium mediated T DNA transfer is widely used as a tool in biotechnology . In genetic engineering , the tumor promoting and opine synthesis genes are removed from the T DNA and replaced with a gene of interest and or a selection marker, this is required so that it is possible to establish which plants have been successfully transformed. Examples of selection markers include neomycin phosphotransferase , hygromycin B phosphotransferase which both phosphorylate antibiotics and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase which acetylates and deactivates phosphinothricin , a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase . Agrobacterium is then used as a vector to transfer the engineered T DNA into the plant cells where it integrates into the plant genome. This method can be used to genera ... more details
Image Callus1.jpg thumb Callus Nicotiana tabacum In biological research and biotechnology, a callus of cells plural calli is a mass of undifferentiated cells. In plant biology, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound. ref http www.liv.ac.uk sd21 tisscult what.htm What is Plant Tissue Culture? ref Design A callus cell culture is usually sustained on gel media, in much the same manner as bacteria are grown. Sufficient media consist of agar and the usual mix of macronutrient s and micronutrient s for the given cell type. For plant cells, enrichment with nitrogen , phosphorus , and potassium is especially important. Water is provided as a constituent part of the gel media. Uses A plant cell callus consists of somatic undifferentiated cells from an adult subject plant. A callus is not necessarily genetically homogeneous because a callus is often made from structural tissue, not individual cells. Nevertheless, callus cells are often considered similar enough for standard scientific analysis to be performed as if on a single subject. For example, an experiment may have half a callus undergo a treatment as the experimental group , while the other half undergoes a similar but non active treatment as the control group . Plant cell calluses may be made to differentiate into the specialized tissues of a whole plant, with the addition of a number of hormones or enzymes. This is an ability known as totipotency . This function is similar to that of stem cells in metazoa . A callus is often the target of a gene gun for specific DNA insertion experiments. Callus tissue is of particular use in micropropagation where it can be used to grow genetically identical copies of plants with desirable characteristics. Callus cultures are extremely important in plant biotechnology. On taking intermediate auxin to cytokinin ratio in the medium can give rise to an unorganized growing and dividing mass of unspecialized parenchyma cells. This group of cells are known as a callus. Call ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image keiki blossom.jpg thumb right Regular Keiki in flower on Phalaenopsis mother plant Image keiki.jpg thumb right Regular Keikis on Phalaenopsis mother plant Keiki pronounced kay key is the Hawaiian language Hawaiian word for baby or child , literally meaning the little one . In horticulture , it refers to a plant produced Asexual reproduction asexually by an orchid plant, usually used when referring to Dendrobium , Epidendrum sensu latu , and Phalaenopsis orchids. The baby plant is an exact cloning clone of the mother plant, sometimes flowering while still attached to the mother plant. On a Phalaenopsis, a keiki is a small plant growing from one Node botany node along the flower stem. On a Dendrobium, the keiki is typically found sprouting along the length of the cane or from the end of the cane. This is induced by the accumulation of growth hormones at that point, either naturally, or by the application of keiki paste. Hormone paste Keiki paste is a cytokinin hormone which induces growth in the node of a Phalaenopsis inflorescence . It should not be confused with paste or powder containing auxin s, which are used to force the production of roots. Nodes on Phalaenopsis spikes will form either vegetative growth keiki or floral growth a branch with flower buds . If the node tissue is already differentiated so that it will become a floral branch, there is no way to change the result. The trick is to get the paste onto the node before it is differentiated. However, there is no way to predict if an undifferentiated node will become a keiki or a floral branch. Removing Keikis If a new plant is desired, the keiki should be left on the mother plant until it develops a healthy root system and have two or three leaves for a Phalaenopsis or canes Dendrobium . At this point, it can be carefully removed with a sharp knife and planted in its own pot. Keikis are cut below and above the stem, leaving a small piece of stem on the baby plant. A sep ... more details
Gellan gum is a water soluble polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas elodea , a bacterium . Chemical structure The repeating unit of the polymer is a tetrasaccharide which consists of two residues of D glucose and one of each residues of L rhamnose and D glucuronic acid . The tetrasacharide repeat has the following structure br D Glc 1 4 D GlcA 1 4 D Glc 1 4 L Rha 1 3 sub n sub . As it is evident from the formula the tetrasacharide units are connected with each other using an 1 3 glycosidic bond. Microbiological gelling agent Gellan gum, also branded by few suppliers as AppliedGel , Phytagel or Gelrite , is used primarily as a gelling agent, alternative to agar , in microbiological culture. It is able to withstand 120 C heat, making it especially useful in culturing thermophilic organisms. One needs only approximately half the amount of gellan gum as agar to reach an equivalent gel strength, though the exact texture and quality depends on the concentration of divalent cations present. Gellan gum is used as gelling agent in plant cell culture on petri dishes, as it provides a very clear gel, facilitating Optical microscopy light microscopical analyses of the cell biology cells and tissue biology tissues . Although advertised as being inert , experiments with the moss Physcomitrella patens have shown that choice of the gelling agent agar or Gelrite does influence phytohormone sensitivity of the plant cell culture. ref Birgit Hadeler, Sirkka Scholz, Ralf Reski 1995 Gelrite and agar differently influence cytokinin sensitivity of a moss. Journal of Plant Physiology 146, 369 371 ref Food science As a food additive , gellan gum is used as a thickener , emulsifier , and Food additive Categories stabilizer . It has E number E418. It was an integral part of the now defunct Orbitz drink Orbitz soft drink. It is used in soya milks to keep the soy protein suspended in the milk. ref http www.thefreelibrary.com CP Kelco Introduces KELCOGEL HS B Gellan Gum a0129017038 ref See ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 293770201 ImageFile Zeatin.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName E 2 methyl 4 7H purin 6 ylamino but 2 en 1 ol OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 1637 39 4 PubChem 449093 SMILES CC CCNC1 NC NC2 C1NC N2 CO Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O MolarMass 219.24312 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Zeatin is a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine . It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinin s. Zeatin was first discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea . Zeatin and derivatives were discovered to be the primary active ingredient in coconut milk , which has long been known to actively induce plant growth. ref cite book title Cytokinins Chemistry, Activity, and Function author David W. S. Mok, Machteld C. Mok page 8 publisher CRC Press isbn 0 8493 6252 0 date 1994 http books.google.co.uk books?id yov7iUL7OTAC&pg PA8&lpg PA8&dq coconut milk kinetin&source web&ots 0ax4iMHxuj&sig uGWqUnvbkFJWQqEEPblErEqwFEM&hl en available from Google books ref As in the case of kinetin , zeatin has also been reported to have several in vitro anti aging effects on human skin fibroblasts. ref cite journal author Rattan, S.I.S. and Sodagam, L. title Gerontomodulatory and youth preserving effects of zeatin on human skin fibroblasts undergoing aging in vitro journal Rejuvenation Research volume 8 pages 46 57 year 2005 doi 10.1089 rej.2005.8.46 pmid 15798374 issue 1 ref Properties Appearance off white to yellow crystalline powder Melting point 208 210 C Soluble in 1M NaOH Toxicology Acute transperitoneal toxicity for mouse, LD50 2200mg Kg. Application Promotes callus initiation when combined with auxin, concentration 1ppm. Promotes fruit set. Zeatin 100ppm GA3 500ppm NAA 20ppm,sprayed at 10th, 25th, 40th day after blossom. Retards yellowing for vegetables, 20ppm, s ... more details
ref Kinetin free base and riboside , assumed by many scientists to be a synthetic cytokinin plant growth ... s and radish , auxin s and cytokinin s are essential for secondary thickening of root s. ref name Torrey .... month year 1976 volume 27 issue pages 435 59 url doi ref The major endogenous cytokinin activity ... more details
of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines initiation of root versus shoot buds. Thus ... auxin and cytokinin , which interfere with normal cell division and cause tumor s. Auxin stimulates ... are present. When auxin and cytokinin are applied to callus , rooting can be generated if the auxin concentration is higher than cytokinin concentration. Xylem tissues can be generated when the auxin ... more details
of other hormones and in conjunction with cytokinin s, they control the growth of stems ... acid or IAA. The correlation of auxins and cytokinin s in the plants is a constant A C const. . Cytokinins Image Zeatin.png thumb 150px The cytokinin zeatin , Teosinte Zea , in which it was first discovered in immature kernels. Cytokinin s or CKs are a group of chemicals that influence cell division ... and fruits. ref Deborah L. Sipes and John W. Einset. Cytokinin stimulation of abscission in lemon ... more details
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