Interventions infobox Name Cystectomy Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 57.6 ICD9proc 57.7 OPS301 OPS301 5 576 MeshID D015653 OtherCodes Cystectomy is a medical term for surgery surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder . It may also be rarely used to refer to the removal of a cyst , or the gallbladder . The most common condition warranting removal of the urinary bladder is bladder cancer . ref name Clark cite journal last Clark first PE coauthors Stein JP, Groshen SG et al. title Radical cystectomy in the elderly comparison of clinical outcomes between younger and older patients journal Cancer volume 104 issue 1 pages 36 43 month July year 2005 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com cgi bin fulltext 110500895 HTMLSTART?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 pmid 15912515 doi 10.1002 cncr.21126 ref After the bladder has been removed, an Ileal conduit urinary diversion is necessary. An alternative to this method is to construct a pouch from a section of ileum or Colon anatomy colon , which can act as a form of replacement bladder, storing urine until the patient desires to release it, which can be achieved by either abdominal straining or self catheter isation. Future treatment for this condition may involve a full replacement with an artificial bladder . One of the follow up solutions to a cystectomy is the creation of a neobladder one form of which is named Studer s Ileal Neobladder or the Studer Pouch . A neobladder is a loop of intestine that is surgically fashioned into a pouch and placed in the location of the original bladder. It is then attached to the ureters and the urethra , thus simulating the function of the original organ. The kidneys filter the urine into the neobladder which can often be emptied by muscle control. There are side effects of this complex surgery, including partial shut down of the digestive system in response to removal of the piece of intestine , Urinary incontinence incontinence , and the loss of the nerves that signal a full bladder. References ... more details
unreferenced date November 2011 BCG Bacillus Calmette Gu rin , a live attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis , is the most commonly used agent for intravesical therapy. A number of other intravesical agents have been compared to BCG, but none has proved consistently superior. Although the exact mechanism of its antitumor action is unknown, intravesical instillation of BCG triggers a variety of local immune responses which appear to correlate with antitumor activity. Hence it is considered an immunotherapy . Intravesical BCG is the most efficacious agent for superficial bladder cancer . BCG therapy has been shown to delay although not necessarily prevent tumor progression to a more advanced stage, decrease the need for subsequent cystectomy , and improve overall survival. Category Cancer treatments treatment stub ... more details
A urostomy is a stoma artificial opening for the urinary system. A urostomy is made to avail for urinary diversion in cases where drainage of urine through the bladder and urethra is not possible, e.g. after extensive surgery or in case of obstruction. ref http www.cancer.org Treatment TreatmentsandSideEffects PhysicalSideEffects Ostomies UrostomyGuide urostomy what is urostomy Urostomy from http www.cancer.org Cancer.org American Cancer Society .Last Medical Review 03 17 2011. Last Revised 03 17 2011 ref Techniques Techniques include Ileal conduit urinary diversion , in which the ureter s are surgically resected from the bladder and a ureteroenteric anastomosis is made in order to drain the urine into a detached section of ileum a part of the small intestine . The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening a stoma medicine stoma in the abdominal wall . The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma. Indiana pouch A continent urostomy is an artificial bladder formed out of a segment of small bowel. This is fashioned into a pouch, which can be emptied intermittently with a catheter. It avoids the need for a stoma bag on the urostomy. Indications Urostomy is most commonly performed after cystectomy , such as may be necessary in, for example, bladder cancer . Other indications include Severe Kidney Disease Accidental Damage or Injury to the urinary tract Surgical Complications because of non related pelvic or abdominal surgery Congential defects that cause urine to back up into the kidneys Continual and Severe Leakage from the bladder incontinence. References reflist External links https www.urostomyassociation.org.uk home.php UA is the UK s Premier Urostomy Association http www.thebowelmovement.info An information portal for all ostomates Category Urologic surgery Treatment stub de Urostoma ja pl Urostomia ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An ileal conduit urinary diversion is a surgical technique usually referred to as the Bricker ileal conduit after its inventor, Eugene M. Bricker. It is a form of urostomy , ref cite doi 10.2214 AJR.09.3197 ref and was developed during the 1940s and is still one of the most used techniques for the diversion of urine after a patient has had their bladder removed, due to its low complication rate and high patient satisfaction level. It is usually used in conjunction with radical cystectomy in order to control invasive bladder cancer. To create an ileal conduit, the ureter s are surgically resected from the bladder and a ureteroenteric anastomosis is made in order to drain the urine into a detached section of ileum a part of the small intestine . The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening a stoma medicine stoma in the abdominal wall . The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma. The bag must be periodically emptied of urine, and must be replaced every one or two days. Any period longer than this poses the risk of infection. Another and very effective use of an ileal conduit is for systemic isolation of a kidney transplant, often due to bladder nephropathy that may pose an unacceptable risk of reflux and thus infection or obstruction, into the transplanted organ. The urostomy is fashioned as previously described and connected ureteroenteric anastomosis to the transplant ureter. Urinary tract infections are unfortunately very common because stomas are natural colonisers of bacteria in transplant patients, antibiotic treatment, often over a long term and more frequent appliance changes are effective but not curative countermeasures. The bag adheres to the skin using a disk made of flexible, adherent materials. Unfortunately, there can be problems with leaking and rashes excoriation , and heavy physical exertion will exacerbate deterioration of the appliance. Som ... more details
orphan date March 2010 confusing date January 2010 Cystitis glandularis is a term describing a metaplastic transformation of mucosal cells lining the urinary bladder . The main importance is in histopathology , distinguishing the metaplastic change from urothelial cell carcinoma . It is a very common finding in bladder Biopsy biopsies and Cystectomy cystectomies , and most often found in the trigone area. Cystitis glandularis lesion s are usually present as small microscopic foci however, occasionally it can form raised intramucosal or Polypoidy polypoid lesions. The cystitis glandularis lesions are within the submucosa . Types There are two main types cystitis glandularis, including a non mucinous and mucinous intestinal type. The difference is in the Metaplasticity metaplastic cells production of mucin , a normal feature of colonic and intestinal epithelial cell s but not of urothelial cells. Another distinction is made between focal areas and diffuse involvement of the bladder. Whereas focal areas are more common, diffuse involvement is seen in chronically irritated bladders, such as in Paraplegia paraplegics or those with bladder stone s or indwelling catheter s. Individuals with diffuse intestinal type cystitis glandularis are at increased risk for developing bladder cancer . Related lesions Cystitis glandularis arises from and merges with Von Brunn s nests, which are groups of urothelial cells within the lamina propria and submucosa, formed from budding from the surface mucosa. They are considered normal. Cystitis cystica is a similar lesion to cystitis glandularis, where the central area of the Von Brunn s nests have degenerated, leaving cystic lesions. Other metaplastic entities in the urinary bladder include squamous metaplasia and nephrogenic adenoma . References Bostwick, D.G. and Cheng, L., 2008. Urologic Surgical Pathology , 2nd Ed. Mosby Elsevier. Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis. Category Urinary bladder disorders ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Technical date August 2011 In surgical jargon, to create an anastomosis is to join together two hollow organs viscus , usually to restore continuity after Segmental resection resection , or to bypass an unresectable disease process. Historically such procedures were performed with suture material, but increasingly mechanical staplers and biological glue s are employed. While an anastomosis may be end to end, equally it could be performed side to side or end to side depending on the circumstances of the required reconstruction or Coronary artery bypass surgery bypass . The term reanastomosis is also used to describe a surgical reconnection usually reversing a prior surgery to disconnect an anatomical anastomosis , e.g. tubal reversal after tubal ligation . Anastomosis are typically performed on Blood vessels Arteries and veins . Most vascular procedures, including all Coronary artery bypass surgery arterial bypass operations e.g. coronary artery bypass , aneurysmectomy of any type, and all solid organ transplants require vascular anastomoses. An anastomosis connecting an artery to a vein is also used to create an arteriovenous fistula as an access for hemodialysis . Gastrointestinal GI tract Esophagus , stomach , small bowel , large bowel , bile ducts , and pancreas . Virtually all elective resections of gastrointestinal organs are followed by anastomoses to restore continuity pancreaticoduodenectomy is considered a massive operation, in part, because it requires three separate anastomoses stomach, biliary tract and pancreas to small bowel . Bypass operations on the GI tract, once rarely performed, are the cornerstone of bariatric surgery . The widespread use of mechanical suturing devices linear and circular staplers changed the face of gastrointestinal surgery. Urinary tract Ureters , urinary bladder , urethra . Radical prostatectomy and radical cystectomy both require anastomosis of the bladder to the urethra in order to restore con ... more details
Pergman Press Oxford and New York, 1979. Ed. B.W. Fox, Radical Cystectomy for Carcinoma of the Bilharzial ... following Cystectomy, P. 87. Bladder Cancer CRC Press, Florida, 1983.Ed. I. ElSebai, 2000 Rad preoperative radiotherapy and cystectomy for the treatment of carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder ... Raven, 1998, Sam D. Graham, Jr. Radical Cystectomy in Men . Chapter 23, P. 187. Textbook of Genitourinary ... 443. M.A. Ghoneim and M.A. Mansour and M. N. El Bolkainy Radical Cystectomy for the treatment of Carcinoma ..., 1976. Investigative Urology, 13 354. M.A. Ghoneim, A. Ashamallah and S. El Hammady Radical cystectomy ...?, 1976, J. Urology, 116 739. W.F. Whitmore and M.A. Ghoneim Radical cystectomy with or without ..., M Batata and M.A. Ghoneim A comparative study of two preoperative radiation regimens with cystectomy ... Cystectomy for carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder 138 cases, 5 years later,1979. British J. of Urology ... and M.A. Ghoneim Cystectomy for carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder 126 patients, 10 years later, 1985. British J. Urology, 57 303. M.A. Ghoneim, H. Awaad and A. Ashamallah Randomized trial of cystectomy ... Journal of Urology, 2, 125. M. A. Ghoneim Orthotopic Bladder Substitution in Women Following Cystectomy ... 210. M. A. Ghoneim Preoperative Irradiation and cystectomy, Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 1997, 15 89 93. M. A. Ghoneim, M.M. El Mekresh, M. A. El Baz, Inas A. El Attar and A. Ashamallah Radical cystectomy .... A. Attar A Predictive Model of Survival Following Radical Cystectomy for Carcinoma of the Bladder ... A. Ghoneim Orthotopic bladder substitution in women following cystectomy for bladder cancer, Atlas of the Urologic ... cystectomy and orthotopic neobladders in women Editorial comment International Braz J Urol, vol. 34 ... journal Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation Radical Cystectomy for Carcinoma of the Bladder ... After Radical Cystectomy for Invasive Bladder Carcinoma Risk Group Stratification, Nomograms or Artificial ... cystectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder volume 42 issue 3 pages 347 55 doi ... more details
A meniscal cyst is a well defined cystic lesion located along the peripheral margin of the Meniscus anatomy meniscus , a part of the knee, nearly always associated with horizontal meniscal tears . Signs and symptoms Pain and swelling or focal mass at the level of the joint. The pain may be related to a meniscal tear or distension of the knee capsule or both. The mass varies in consistency from soft fluctuan t to hard. Size is variable, and meniscal cysts are known to change in size with knee flexion extension. Cause Various etiology etiologies have been proposed, including Physical trauma trauma , hemorrhage , chronic infection , and mucus mucoid degeneration. The most widely accepted theory describes meniscal cysts resulting from extrusion of synovial fluid through a peripherally extended horizontal meniscal tear, accumulating outside the joint capsule. They arise more commonly from the lateral joint margin, and occur most often in 20 to 40 year old males. Diagnosis Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for diagnosis of meniscal cysts. In their most subtle form, meniscal cysts present as focal areas of high signal intensity within a swollen meniscus. It is not uncommon for radiologists to miss this type of meniscal cyst because the signal intensity is not quite as great as fluid on T2 weighted sequences.2 When this fluid is extruded into the adjacent soft tissues, the swollen meniscus subsequently assumes a more normal shape, and the extruded fluid demonstrates a higher T2 signal typical of parameniscal cysts . Medial meniscus horizontal tear extending into a meniscal cyst. Sagittal T2 images of a medial meniscus horizontal tear extending into a meniscal cyst. Large medial meniscus cyst. Treatment Treatment of meniscal cysts consists of a combination of cyst decompression intraarticular decompression versus open cystectomy and arthroscopic repair of any meniscal abnormalities. Success rates are significantly higher when both the cyst and meniscal tea ... more details
Bernhard Bardenheuer July 12, 1839, Inden Lamersdorf August 13, 1913 was a German surgeon . In 1864 he received his doctorate from Berlin , where he studied under Bernhard von Langenbeck 1810 1887 . In 1865 he began work as an assistant to Karl Busch 1836 1881 at the surgical clinic at the University of Bonn , afterwards relocating to University of Heidelberg Heidelberg , where he worked under ophthalmologist Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker Otto Becker 1828 1893 and surgeon Gustav Simon physician Gustav Simon 1824 1876 . During the Franco Prussian War he served in a sick bay at a garrison in Heidelberg . From 1872 he was a hospital surgeon in K ln , where in 1875 he introduced Listerian antisepsis . In 1884 he received the title of professor, even though he was not a member on any university s academic staff. Bardenheuer specialized in genitourinary surgery, and in 1887 performed the first complete cystectomy . This operation involved a patient who was suffering from an advanced urinary bladder bladder tumour which affected both ureter s. In 1909 he performed an autogenous bone graft of the human mandible mandible , which involved replacement of a mandibular condyle with a patient s 4th metatarsal . ref http books.google.com books?id VOn4HACeMpkC&pg PA301&lpg PA301&dq Bardenheuer mandible autogenous&source bl&ots EkuWtuzDxQ&sig F 9Ha3BAGpHv1ECwGCyzEijqafo&hl en&ei gTY8Svq8OYuQMva58LAO&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2 Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery By Raymond J. Fonseca, Robert A Bays ref The surgical incision Bardenheuer incision is named after him which is used for operative treatment of mastitis . In German medical literature it is referred to as Bardenheuer schnitt Bardenheuer cut or Bardenheuer Bogenschnit Bardenheuer arc cut . ref http translate.google.com translate?hl en&sl de&u http www.med forum.eu upload 00000233 Gyn Eigennamen.doc&ei 6Yj0TrKjN9HRiALas5mxDg&sa X&oi translate&ct result&resnum 10&ved 0CFQQ7gEwCTgU&prev search 3Fq 3Dbardenheuer 2Bmastitis 26s ... more details
Valstar into the bladder can also be used to treat BCG refractory CIS disease when cystectomy ... ref Many physicians recommend Cystectomy for these patients. This recommendation is in accordance ... is removed a cystectomy and the urinary stream is diverted. In some cases, skilled surgeons ... more details
TOCright The surgical terminology suffix ectomy was taken from Greek act of cutting out . It means surgical removal of something, usually from inside the body. A Adenectomy is the surgical removal of a gland . Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoid s, also known as the pharyngeal tonsils. Adrenalectomy is the removal of one or both adrenal glands . Appendicectomy is the surgical removal of the Vermiform appendix appendix it is also known as an appendectomy . B Bullectomy is the surgical removal of Bulla dermatology Primary lesions bullae from the lung . Bunionectomy is the removal of a bunion . Bursectomy is the removal of a Synovial bursa bursa , a small sac filled with synovial fluid. C Cardiectomy is the removal of the heart . Cephalectomy is the surgical removal of the head decapitation . Cervicectomy is the removal of the cervix . Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder . Choroidectomy is the removal of the choroid layer of the eye. Clitoridectomy is the partial or total removal of the external part of the clitoris . Colectomy is the removal of the Colon anatomy colon . Craniectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the cranium . Cystectomy is the removal of the urinary bladder . It also means removal of a cyst . D Discectomy is a surgical procedure involving the dissection of an extravasted segment of the intervertebral disc . Diverticulectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a diverticulum . Duodenectomy is the removal of the duodenum . E Embolectomy is the removal of any type of embolism . Encephalectomy is the removal of the brain . Endarterectomy is the removal of Atheromatous plaque plaque from the lining of the artery otherwise constricted by a buildup of fatty deposits. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is the burning, severing, removing or clamping parts of the Sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nerve trunk . Esophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus . Extrapleural pneumone ... more details
2005 Best Video Award . Society of Laparoscopic Surgery. Oncological Outcomes of Robotic Cystectomy ... last1 Wang first1 GJ last2 Barocas last3 Raman last4 Scherr title Robotic vs open radical cystectomy ... more details
function is allowed to continue, Conservative therapy consists of the excision called cystectomy ... as much as is possible. ref name speroff There are combinations as well, notably one consisting of cystectomy ... more details
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