File Aristippus.jpg thumb Aristippus of Cyrene The Cyrenaics were an ultra hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BC, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene , although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger . The school was so called after Cyrene, Libya Cyrene , the birthplace of Aristippus. It was one of the earliest Socrates Socratic schools. The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable sensations. Of these, momentary pleasures, especially physical ones, are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. They did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that pleasure could be gained from altruism. The school died out within a century, and was replaced by the more sophisticated philosophy of Epicureanism . History of the school The history of the Cyrenaic school begins with Aristippus of Cyrene , who was born around 435 BCE. He came to Athens as a young man and became a pupil of Socrates . We have only limited knowledge of his movements after the Trial of Socrates execution of Socrates in 399 BCE, although he is said to have lived for a time in the court of Dionysius I of Syracuse .... ref name long639 Harvnb Long 2005 p 639 ref Philosophy The Cyrenaics held that pleasure was the supreme ... it the prime factor in existence, denying to virtue any intrinsic value. The Cyrenaics were ... pleasures of the intellect the Cyrenaics denied the validity of this distinction and said that bodily ... pleasure, preferably of a physical kind, is the only good for humans. Yet the Cyrenaics admitted that some ... they provide. ref name annas231 Thus the Cyrenaics did recognise the hedonistic value ... , was evidently of prime importance to the Cyrenaics. The later Cyrenaics, Anniceris , Hegesias ... School , Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521036364 External links iep c cyren.htm Cyrenaics Tim ... more details
Aristotle of Cyrene or Aristoteles , lang el floruit fl. 325 BCE was a Greek philosophy Greek philosopher who may have belonged to the Cyrenaics Cyrenaic school . He was a native of Cyrene, Libya Cyrene , and a contemporary of Stilpo . He taught Cleitarchus and Simmias of Syracuse before they became pupils of Stilpo. ref Diogenes La rtius, ii. 113 ref It has generally been assumed that Aristotle was a member of the Cyrenaics Cyrenaic school , but this assumption is somewhat doubtful. ref Tiziano Dorandi, Chapter 2 Chronology , in Algra, et al., 1999 , The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy, page 47. Cambridge University Press ref According to Diogenes La rtius , he wrote a work on the art of poetry . ref Diogenes La rtius, v. 35 ref The only aspect of his philosophical views which is known is a short piece of ethical advice preserved by Claudius Aelianus Aelian ref Aelian, Varia Historia , x. 8 ref blockquote Aristoteles of Cyrene said that you should not accept a favor from anyone. For either you have trouble if you try to pay it back, or you appear to be ungrateful if you don t. blockquote An athlete of the same period called Aristotle of Cyrene, who spurned the love of Lais of Corinth Lais , is mentioned in a moral anecdote by Clement of Alexandria . ref Clement of Alexandria, Stromata , iii. 6. 50 51 ref Notes reflist Category 4th century BC Greek people Category 4th century BC philosophers Category Ancient Greek philosophers Category Cyrenaic philosophers ca Arist til de Cirene ... more details
List of philosophical schools and movements A Abdera school Absurdism Academics Achintya Bheda Abheda Activism Agnosticism Agustinism Alexandrian School Analytic philosophy Anarchist schools of thought Antipositivism Arianism Arminianism Atheism Atomism Australian materialism Averroism B Illuminati The Bavarian Illuminati Bavarian Illuminati British idealism Buchmanism C Cambridge Platonists Carolingian Renaissance Chinese Legalism Christian humanism Collegium Conimbricense Communitarianism Confucianism Continental Philosophy Copernican revolution Cultural relativism Creationism Critical realism Cynicism Cynics Cyrenaics D Deconstruction Deism Deontological ethics Dialectical materialism Divine command theory Dvaita Dvaitadvaita E Eleatic School Eleatics Emanationism Empiricism Epicureanism Eretrian school of philosophy Eurasianists Existentialism Externism F Feminist philosophy Fictionalism Franciscan school of Paris Frankfurt School G Gaudiya Vaishnavism German idealism H Hedonism Hellenistic philosophy Hilbert s Program Historicism Humanism Hylic pluralism I Idealism Illuminationism Intuitionism Ionian School philosophy Ionian School Irrationalism K Kantianism Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics Kyoto School L Libertine Libertinism Lwow Warsaw School of Logic M Madrid school Marburg School Marxist humanism Marxist philosophy Materialism Megarian school N Neohumanism Neo Kantianism Baden school Neoplatonism Neopositivism Nominalism Nyaya Nyaya School O Objectivism Ayn Rand Objectivism Orphism religion Oxford Calculators Oxford Franciscan school P Paris school philosophy Peripatetic school Peripatetics Personalism Phenomenology philosophy Phenomenology Platonism Pluralist School Port Royal des Champs Port Royal Schools Positivism Postmodernism Pragmatism Pragmatism Prague school philosophy Praxis School Pre Socratic philosophy Process philosophy Pythagoreanism R Rationalism Realism Romanticism S Scholasticism School of Names School of Salamanca Scottish Scho ... more details
wiktionary Selfism refers to any philosophy, doctrine, or tendency that upholds explicitly selfish principles as being desirable. It is usually used pejoratively . Paul Vitz The term selfism was used extensively by conservative Christian critic Paul Vitz in his book Psychology as Religion The Cult of Self Worship . Vitz deconstructs the selfist movement s and tries to uphold God centered altruism , and claims that all of modern day liberalism and leftism are essentially selfist at their core. He lays the blame predominately at the feet of Erik Erikson , Erich Fromm , and other prominent psychologists of the third quarter of the 20th century ca. 1950 1975 CE . Vitz s targets Explicit selfishness as a desirable end and moral good had diverse manifestations during that period, for example, in the writings of David Seabury , Ayn Rand , and even among some of Rand s near opposites, such as Erik Erikson Erikson and Erich Fromm Fromm . Rand called her philosophy Objectivism Ayn Rand Objectivism . Later popularizers of similar positions include Nathaniel Branden , Paul Lepanto , Robert Ringer , Harry Browne , and David Kelley . None of these named the system they espoused selfism or characterized it as selfist , although both Seabury and Rand included the word selfishness in the titles of books presenting their views. Many of these figures were pro capitalist secularists atheist capitalists , but Seabury was a Christian , while Erickson and Fromm were prominent leftists . Anton LaVey , founder of the Church of Satan , also expressed an at least partially selfist philosophy and gave credit to Ayn Rand and others. Origins of selfist thought An early example of selfist thinking is the egoistic philosophy of Cyrenaic hedonism . Cyrenaics were skeptics and materialists but perhaps nominally Greek Paganism pagans . Thomas Hobbes , who could also be viewed as selfist , was a materialist but also advocated loyalty to a strong government and state church . Joseph Butler , whose phil ... more details
Other people3 Dionysius the Stoic philosopher from Heraclea Dionysius the Tyrant of Heraclea Dionysius of Heraclea Dionysius the Renegade lang el c. 330 c. 250 ref Tiziano Dorandi, Chapter 2 Chronology , in Algra et al. 1999 The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy , page 50. Cambridge. ref , also known as Dionysius of Heraclea Pontica Heraclea , was a Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno of Citium who, late in life, abandoned Stoicism when he became afflicted by terrible pain. He was the son of Theophantus. In early life he was a disciple of Heraclides Ponticus Heraclides , Alexinus , and Menedemus , and afterwards of Zeno, who appears to have induced him to adopt Stoicism . ref name diog166 Diogenes La rtius, vii. 166 ref At a later time he was afflicted with terrible eye pain, ref Diogenes La rtius, vii. 37, 166 Cicero, Tusculan Disputations , ii. 25 ref which caused him to abandon Stoic philosophy, and to join the Cyrenaics , whose doctrine, that hedonism and the absence of pain was the highest good, had more charms for him than the austere ethics of Stoicism. ref name diog167 Diogenes La rtius, vii. 167 ref This renunciation of his former philosophical creed drew upon him the nickname of The Renegade lang el , Metathemenos . During the time that he was a Stoic, he was praised for his modesty, abstinence, and moderation, but afterwards he was described as a person greatly given to sensual pleasures. He died in his eightieth year of voluntary starvation. ref name diog167 Diogenes La rtius mentions a series of works of Dionysius, all of which are lost On Apathy , in two books. On Training , in two books. On Pleasure , in four books. On Riches, and Favours, and Revenge . On the Use of Men . On Good Fortune . On Ancient Kings . On Things which are Praised . ... more details
of Rhodes 1st century BC Peripatetic school Peripatetic Anniceris 4th 3rd century BC Cyrenaics ... BC Cyrenaics Cyrenaic Antipater of Tarsus 2nd century BC Stoic Antipater of Tyre 1st century BC Stoic ... Pythagoreanism Pythagorean Arete of Cyrene 4th century BC Cyrenaics Cyrenaic Arignote 6th 5th century BC Pythagoreanism Pythagorean Aristippus 5th 4th century BC Cyrenaics Cyrenaic Aristippus the Younger 4th century BC Cyrenaics Cyrenaic Aristoclea fl. 6th century BC Aristocles of Messene 1st century ... founder of Peripatetic school Aristotle of Cyrene 4th 3rd century BC Cyrenaics Cyrenaic Aristotle ... more details
, the founder of the Cyrenaics School of Cyrene , and his successor daughter Arete of Cyrene Arete , Callimachus ... of developing a comprehensive master site management plan. ref name unesco See also Cyrenaica Cyrenaics ... more details
Other persons Infobox Philosopher name polytonic Aristippus image name Aristippus.jpg thumb right Aristippus color B0C4DE region Western philosophy era Ancient philosophy birth date circa 435 BCE birth place Cyrene death date circa 356 BCE death place Cyrene school tradition Cyrenaic school main interests Hedonism influences Socrates influenced Arete of Cyrene , Aristippus the Younger , Anniceris , Hegesias of Cyrene Hegesias , Theodorus the Atheist Theodorus , Epicurus Aristippus lang el of Cyrene, Libya Cyrene , c. 435 c. 356 BCE , was the founder of the Cyrenaics Cyrenaic school of Philosophy. ref Although the systemization of the Cyrenaic philosophy is generally placed with his grandson Aristippus the Younger . ref He was a pupil of Socrates , but adopted a very different philosophical outlook, teaching that the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity. Among his pupils was his daughter Arete of Cyrene Arete . Life Aristippus, the son of Aritades, was born at Cyrene, Libya Cyrene , c. 435 BCE. He came over to Greece to be present at the Ancient Olympic Games Olympic games , where he fell in with Ischomachus the agriculturist, and by his description was filled with so ardent a desire to see Socrates , that he went to Athens for the purpose, ref Plutarch, de Curios. 2. ref and remained with him almost up to the time of his execution, 399 BCE. Diodorus Siculus Diodorus ref Diodorus, xv. 76. ref dates him to 366 BCE, which agrees very well with the facts known about him, and with the statement, ref Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 179. ref that Lais of Corinth Lais , the courtesan with whom he was intimate, was born 421 BCE. Though a disciple of Socrates, he wandered very far both in principle and practice from the teaching and example of his great master. He lived luxuriously he was happy to seek sensual gratification, and the company of the notorious L ... more details
271 2. ref Cyrenaic hedonism Founded by Aristippus of Cyrene, Cyrenaics supported immediate gratification ... name epsxlu Epicureanism Epicurus rejected the extremism of the Cyrenaics, believing some pleasures ... more details
Euhemerus lang grc Euh meros , happy prosperous late 4th century BC was a Greek Mythography mythographer at the court of Cassander , the king of Macedon . Euhemerus birthplace is disputed, with Messina in Sicily as the most probable location, while others champion Chios , or Tegea . Euhemerism He is chiefly known for a rationalizing method of interpretation, known as Euhemerism, that treats mythological accounts as a reflection of actual historical events shaped by retelling and traditional mores . The intellectual climate was exceptionally prepared for this development, Jean Seznec observed at the start of his Survival of the Pagan Gods , ref Seznec B.F. Sessions, tr. 1995 11. ref for rationalizing philosophical speculation on the divine in the human soul and the recent history of Alexander the Great s Dionysian expedition to India alike had prepared the way. In the skeptic philosophical tradition of Theodorus the Atheist Theodorus of Cyrene and the Cyrenaics , Euhemerism forged a new method of interpretation for the contemporary religious beliefs. Though his work is lost, the reputation of Euhemerus was that he believed that much of Greek mythology could be interpreted as natural events subsequently given supernatural characteristics. Living at court in the generation following the superhuman feats of Alexander the Great and Alexander s subsequent deification, with the contemporaneous deification of the Seleucids and pharaoh pharaoization of the Ptolemies in a fusion of Hellenic and native Egyptian traditions, Euhemerus was trained in the rational philosophizing current of Hellenistic civilization Hellenistic culture the two strains meet in his materialist rationalizing of Greek mythology Greek myth . Euhemerus may be credited as the writer who systematized and explained an ancient and widely accepted popular belief, namely that the dividing line between gods and men is not always clear, S. Spyridakis, among others, has observed. ref S. Spyridakis Zeus Is ... more details
, wherein bodily gratification is more intense than mental pleasure. Cyrenaics prefer immediate gratification to the long term gain of delayed gratification denial is unpleasant unhappiness. ref Cyrenaics ... . ref ref The Cyrenaics and the Origin of Hedonism. Hedonism.org. BLTC. 4 Nov. 2007 http ... more details
dablinks date January 2011 Index of philosophy header , , nowrap begin Pataphysics w ism w And theory of conservatism nowrap end 0 9 nowrap begin 14th Dalai Lama w 16 Questions on the Assassination w 1649 in philosophy w 1658 in philosophy w 17th century philosophy w 17th century philosophy w 18th century philosophy w 1919 United States anarchist bombings w 1922 in philosophy w 1926 in philosophy w 1962 in philosophy w 1972 in philosophy w 1973 in philosophy w 1974 in philosophy w 1975 in philosophy w 1976 in philosophy w 1977 in philosophy w 1978 in philosophy w 1979 in philosophy w 1980 in philosophy w 19th century philosophy w 19th century philosophy w 20th century philosophy w 20th century philosophy w 20th century Western painting w 2150 AD nowrap end A nowrap begin A series and B series w A Buyer s Market w A Calendar of Wisdom w A Conflict of Visions w A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy w A Defence of Common Sense w A Defense of Abortion w A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain w A Few Words on Non Intervention w A F rmula de Deus w A fortiori argument w A General View of Positivism w A Grief Observed w A Guide for the Perplexed w A Happy Death w A History of God w A History of Murphy s Law w A History of Philosophy Copleston w A History of Western Philosophy w A las Barricadas w A Legend of Old Egypt w A Letter Concerning Toleration w A maiore ad minus w A Mathematician s Apology w A Message from the Emperor w A minore ad maius w A New Era of Thought w A New Model of the Universe w A New Philosophy of Society Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity w A New Refutation of Time w A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful w A posteriori w A priori philosophy w A priori and a posteriori w A priori and a posteriori philosophy w A Salty Piece of Land w A Scanner Darkly w A Secular Humanist Declaration w A Short History of Chinese Philosophy w A System of Logic w A Thousand Plateaus w A Tho ... more details
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