Infobox Writing system name CyproMinoan type Syllabary status Extinct languages unknown fam1 Linear A children Cypriot syllabary time ca. 1550 1050 BC sample Enkomi.png imagesize 260px The CyproMinoansyllabary abbreviated CM is an undeciphered syllabic script used on the island of Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age ca. 1550 1050 BC . The term CyproMinoan was coined by Sir Arthur Evans in 1909 based on its visual similarity to Linear A on Minoan Crete, which CM is thought to be derived from. Approximately 250 objects bearing CyproMinoan inscriptions have been found, including clay tablet s, votive ... 05 09 language DEFAULTSORT CyproMinoanSyllabary Category Syllabary writing systems Category Undeciphered ... to write in CM. However, its use continued into the Early Iron Age, forming a link to the Cypriot syllabary , which reads as Greek and has been deciphered. Image Tablet cyprominoan 2 Louvre AM2336.jpg thumb right CyproMinoan tablet from Enkomi in the Louvre . Artifacts Clay tablets The earliest known ... Clay ball cyprominoan Louvre AM2335.jpg thumb right CyproMinoan clay ball in the Louvre . Clay cylinders ... to the keeping of economic records on Minoan Cyprus, considering the large number of cross references between the texts. ref Woudhuizen p. 82. ref Decipherment The extant corpus of CyproMinoan ..., the total number of signs on formal CyproMinoan inscriptions approx. 2500 compares unfavorably ... represented by the same CyproMinoan subsystem, and without the discovery of bilingual texts or many ... to Thomas G. Palaima , all past and current schemes of decipherment of CyproMinoan are improbable ... for their work on the CyproMinoan Corpus project, which aims to create a complete and accurate corpus ... commons category CyproMinoan inscriptions cite book author Duhoux, Yves Palaima, Thomas G. Bennet ... isbn 90 6831 177 8, pp. 121 188 Palaima 1988 CyproMinoan Scripts Problems of Historical Context ... Minoennes , Paris 2007 cite book author Masson, Emilia title Studies in CyproMinoan Scripts. Part ... more details
Minoan may refer to the following The Minoan civilization The undeciphered Eteocretan language The script known as Linear A Minoan pottery Minoa , name of several bronze age settlements in the Aegean. An old name for the Mycenean language before it was deciphered and discovered to be a form of Greek. Minoan Lines , a Greek ferry company disambig Category History of Crete ... more details
Writing systems sidebar A syllabary is a set of grapheme written symbols that represent or approximate syllable s, which make up word s. In a syllabary, there is no systematic similarity between the symbols which represent syllables with the same consonant or vowel. ref Peter Daniels, 1996. The Study of Writing Systems , p. 4. In Daniels & Bright, The World s Writing Systems . ref That is, the symbol for ka does not resemble in any predictable way the symbol for ki , nor the symbol for a . A symbol in a syllabary, called syllabogram , typically represents an optional consonant sound simple onset linguistics onset followed by a vowel sound nucleus syllable nucleus that is, a CV or V syllable but other phonogram linguistics phonographic mappings such as CVC and CV tone are also found in syllabaries. Types I will add sources for the terms later, I wrote this from memory, because the terms should be mentioned. Image Syllable diagram.png thumb Each syllable branches into consonant al syllable onset onset and syllable rime rime that is divided into syllable nucleus nucleus and syllable ... A writing system using a syllabary is complete when it covers all syllables in the corresponding ... and Cree syllabics Cree , the African language Vai syllabary Vai , the English based creole language ... vowel syllables, a syllabary is well suited to write the language. As in many syllabaries, however, vowel ... that complexity. For example, the Vai syllabary originally had separate glyphs for syllables ... ko no so for Kn sos, pe ma for sperma. The Cherokee syllabary generally uses dummy vowels for coda ... Aboriginal syllabics also an abugida . In a true syllabary there is no systematic graphic similarity ... it cumbersome to write English words with a syllabary. A pure syllabary would require a separate glyph ... systems Abugida Abjad Alphabet Logogram References reflist External links wiktionary syllabary http ... Category Syllabary writing systems als Silbenschrift ar bjn Silabik be ... more details
Infobox Writing system name Cypriot type Syllabary languages Arcadocypriot Cypriot Greek , Eteocypriot time 11th 4th centuries BCE fam1 Linear A fam2 CyproMinoansyllabaryCyproMinoan unicode http www.unicode.org ... from the CyproMinoansyllabary , in turn a variant or derivative of Linear A . Origin .... Linguists named this new script as CyproMinoansyllabary . ref name Chadwick Paphos Paphos is located ... period . The Cypriot Syllabary however, only refers to the script used during iron age Greece. The script used during bronze age Greece is generally known as Linear C CyproMinoan script. ref ... 600 500BC.jpg File Idalion tablet.jpg thumb 250px The Cypriot syllabary is a syllabary syllabic ... were found in Amathus . Evolution It has been established that the Cypriot Syllabary is derived from the Linear A script and most probably, the Minoan writing system. The most obvious change ... The Cypriot syllabary title The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. editor ... of Cypriot Syllabary is very similar to that of Linear B . This is due to their common origin ... e.g. ka, ke, ki, ko, ku etc. Hence, it is classified as a syllabary syllabic writing system. ref ... syllabary is also an open syllabary. ref name Lost Languages class wikitable a e i o u align center ... unicode fontsbyrange.html u10800 Differences between Cypriot Syllabary and Linear B The main difference between the two lies not in the structure of the syllabary but the use of the symbols. Final consonants in the Cypriot Syllabary are marked by a final, silent e. For example, final consonants, n ... d and t . In the Cypriot syllabary, d and t are combined, whereas l and r are distinct. ref name .... ref name Chadwick However, the syllabary can be subdivided into two different subtypes based on area ... Syllabary have been found throughout many different regions. However, these inscriptions vary ... Syllabary was derived from Linear A and not Linear B . Several other fragments of clay tablets were ... more details
Modi is the archaeological site of a Minoan civilization Minoan peak sanctuary in eastern Crete. Archaeology Among the finds at the Modi peak sanctuary were clay human and animal figurines. References Jones, Donald W. 1999 Peak Sanctuaries and Sacred Caves in Minoan Crete ISBN 91 7081 153 9 coord missing Greece Category Archaeological sites in Crete Category Minoan civilization Category Minoan archaeological sites in Greece Category Sanctuaries in Greece Crete geo stub euro archaeology stub Ancient Greece stub ... more details
Infobox writing system name Geba type Syllabary typedesc languages time fam1 unicode iso15924 Nkgb sample Geba.jpg image size 300px note none Geba is a syllabary syllabic script for the Naxi language . It is called Ggo baw in Naxi, adapted as Geba , , in Chinese. Some glyphs resemble the Yi script , and some appear to be adaptations of Chinese characters . Geba is only used to transcribe mantra s, and there are few texts, though it is sometimes used to annotate Dongba symbols dongba pictographs . See also Naxi script External links Dr. Richard S. Cook, http unicode.org rscook Naxi Naxi Pictographic and Syllabographic Scripts Research notes toward a Unicode encoding of Naxi http www.omniglot.com writing naxi.htm Naxi scripts at Omniglot list of writing systems writingsystem stub Category Syllabary writing systems Category Naxi language Category Unicode proposals hu Geba pl Pismo geba ... more details
infobox company name Minoan Lines logo Image Minoan Lines logo.png Minoan Lines logo caption type genre ... footnotes intl Minoan Lines is one of the dominant passenger ferry companies in Greece, sailing ... 85 of the stock of Minoan Lines. Its logo is derived from Image Knossos the prince of lillies.jpg The Lily Prince fresco of Knossos History 2003 The cooperation between Minoan and Grimaldi is already ... shipping company. 2004 Minoan decides to focus solely on the shipping sector and sells its stake in Aegean Airlines . 2005 Attica Group acquires 10.23 of the share capital of Minoan, reaching an 11.61 stake in the company. Minoan sells its 18 stake in Forthnet to Intracom . 2006 The MS Ariadne ... are sold to other companies. Minoan Lines is Passenger Line of the Year according to Lloyd s List 2007 In February, Attica Group increases its stake in Minoan Lines. In June, Attica Group sells its entire stake in Minoan 22.2 to Access Maritime SA, which is controlled by Mr. Laskarides. In December, Sea Star Capital, owner of ANEK Lines , acquires a 26.05 stake in Minoan Lines from Access Maritime ... with Grimaldi s Compagnia di Navigazione SpA to sell its 26.7 percent stake in Minoan. In October, Compagnia ..., Grimaldi acquires an additional 47.9 stake in Minoan Lines, raising its total stake to about ... rss ref formerly already operated by Minoan under the name of MS Prometheus . Eurostar Barcelona ... ship MS Cruise Olympia in the early summer 2010. 2011 In January 2011 Minoan Lines cancelled ... ref Fleet Current fleet ref name fleet cite web title Our Fleet Minoan Lines ship presentation url http ... File Europa Palace Minoan Lines.jpg 150px MS Cruise Europa flagicon ITA 2009 9351490 IBEV 54310 2850 ... Ariadne.jpg thumb Ariadne Image Minoan Lines 1.jpg thumb Fedra FB Minos 1974 1984 scrapped FB Ariadne ... Companies that are affiliates of Minoan Lines larger than 10 are outlined below. Minoan Agencies S.r.l. 95,00 Cretan Filoxenia S.A. 99,99 Minoan Cruises S.A. 80,28 Hellenic Seaways 33,31 References ... more details
Infobox Writing system name Kpelle type syllabary time 1935 ??? languages Kpelle language iso15924 Kpel The Kpelle syllabary was invented circa 1935 by Chief Gbili of Sanoyie , Liberia . It was intended for writing the Kpelle language , a member of the Mande languages Mande group of Niger Congo languages spoken by about 490,000 people in Liberia and around 300,000 people in Guinea . http www.omniglot.com writing kpelle.htm The syllabary consists of 88 graphemes and is written from left to right in horizontal rows. Many of the glyphs have more than one form. It was used to some extent by speakers of Kpelle in Liberia and Guinea during the 1930s and early 1940s but never achieved popular acceptance. http www.omniglot.com writing kpelle.htm Today Kpelle is usually written with a version of the Latin alphabet. External links http www.omniglot.com writing kpelle.htm list of writing systems writingsystem stub Category Writing systems of Africa Category Unicode proposals de Kpelle Schrift es Silabario Kpelle ru th ... more details
File Map Minoan Crete en.svg thumb 350px Map of Minoan Crete History of Greece Bronze Age The Minoan ... appeared. Overview What the Minoans called themselves is unknown. The term Minoan was coined by Arthur Evans after the mythic Minos king Minos . ref John Bennet, Minoan civilization , Oxford ... 112. ref In the Odyssey , composed centuries after the destruction of the Minoan civilization, Homer ... of the Minoans. Minoan palace s anaktora are the best known building types to have been excavated ... magazines and courtyards. It seems that the Minoan people were not Proto Indo Europeans Indo European ..., M nchen, 2002. 9th Edition. ISBN 340602503X. pp.8 15 ref However the Minoan civilization was much .... The Minoan script Linear A has not yet been deciphered, but it seems that it represented an Tyrsenian ... African cultural streams. It seems that for many centuries Minoan Crete remained free from any invaders ... world I .Thera and the Aegean world.London. pp. 664 669 ref Chronology and history See Minoan chronology Minoan pottery Rather than associate absolute calendar dates for the Minoan period, archaeologists ... by later archaeologists, is based on pottery styles. It divides the Minoan period into three main eras&mdash Early Minoan EM , Middle Minoan MM , and Late Minoan LM . These eras are further subdivided, e.g. Early Minoan I, II, III EMI, EMII, EMIII . Another dating system, proposed by the Greek ... at Knossos , Phaistos , Malia , and Kato Zakros , and divides the Minoan period into Prepalatial ... See the article on Minoan eruption Date dating the Thera eruption for more discussion. The eruption ... Minoan chronology 3650 3000 BC EMI rowspan 4 valign top Prepalatial 2900 2300 BC EMII .... ISBN 3406479855. pp.12 18 ref From the Early Bronze Age 3500 BC to 2600 BC , the Minoan civilization ... the island. This period the 17th and 16th centuries BC, MM III Neopalatial represents the apex of the Minoan ... were again rebuilt and were made even greater than before. ref name welwei The influence of the Minoan ... more details
no footnotes date February 2010 Infobox Writing system name Vai type Syllabary typedesc time 1830s present languages Vai language Vai fam1 sisters children sample Vaiscript fiveexamples.png imagesize 200px unicode http www.unicode.org charts PDF UA500.pdf U A500&ndash U A63F iso15924 Vaii File Vai.gif 400px thumb right The greater part of the modern Vai syllabary. Eh and oh are the open vowels IPA , . The jg on the bottom row is IPA . Not shown are syllables beginning with g, h, w, m, n, ny, ng IPA , and vowels. The Vai syllabary is a syllabary syllabic writing system devised for the Vai language by Momolu Duwalu Bukele of Jondu, in what is now Grand Cape Mount County , Liberia . ref name coulmas cite book last Coulmas first Florian title The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems year 1996 publisher Wiley Blackwell isbn 9780631214816 url http books.google.com books?id y3KdxBqjg5cC&pg PA537 pages 537 539 ref He is regarded within the Vai ethnic group Vai community, as well as by most scholars, as the syllabary s inventor and chief promoter when it was first documented in the 1830s. It is one of the two most successful scripts in West Africa. ref Unseth, Peter. 2011. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization. In The Success Failure Continuum in Language ... that the Cherokee syllabary of 1819 provided a model for the design of the Vai syllabary Tuchscherer ... syllabary was in fact on the home of Curtis. Both ideas have been mentioned by various authors ... Town Revey or even his Vai speaking assistants it is conceivable that the notion of a syllabary reached ..., these have been dropped from the modern script. The syllabary did not distinguish all the syllables ... consonants? A few occur phonemically? date August 2011 Unicode The Vai syllabary was added to the Unicode ... writing vai.htm title Vai syllabary work Omniglot accessdate 16 June 2010 External links http www.ethnologue.org ... 2011 Category Syllabary writing systems Category Writing systems of Africa Category Liberian culture ... more details
The B t syllabary was created for the B t language of C te d Ivoire in the 1950s by artist Fr d ric Bruly Bouabr . It consists of about 440 pictograph ic characters, which represent scenes from life and stand for single syllable words in B t . Bouabr created it to help B t people learn to read in their language. References http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9F0DEED81339F93AA35751C1A962958260&sec &spon &pagewanted print Smith, Roberta, ART REVIEW A Bonding of Different Cultures, New York Times , December 9, 1994 http www.frif.com new2005 brul.html First Run Icarus Films brochure Bruly Bouabr s Alphabet A Film by Nurith Aviv http www.diacenter.org dia press boettibouabre.html Dia Center for the Arts press release 9 3 94, WORLDS ENVISIONED ALIGHIERO E BOETTI AND FR D RIC BRULY BOUABR writingsystem stub IvoryCoast stub Category Languages of C te d Ivoire Category Ivorian culture Category Writing systems of Africa DEFAULTSORT Bete Syllabary de B t Schrift ru ... more details
Infobox Writing system name Cherokee type Syllabary time 1820s ref name f337 Sturtevant and Fogelson ... U 13A0&ndash U 13FF iso15924 Cher Contains Cherokee text The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah to write the Cherokee language in the late 1810s and early 1820s. His creation of the syllabary ... experimented with logogram s, but his system later developed into a syllabary. In his system, each ... in the Cherokee syllabary provide a suitable method to write Cherokee. Some symbols do resemble ... . Description Image Sequoyah.jpg thumb right 180px Sequoyah , inventor of the Cherokee syllabary Each ... from left to right, top to bottom. ref name WS br Syllabary shown using an image Image Cherokee Syllabary.svg 600px br Note v represents a nasal vowel in the chart. Syllabary shown using Unicode text ... large style border left aaaaaa hidden yv The charts above show the syllabary as arranged by Samuel ... syllabary based on where they are pronounced in the mouth, including the high vowels i and u , mid vowels e, v , and o , and low vowel a . The syllabary also does not distinguish among syllables ... words by context. Image Cherokee stop sign.png thumb right 175px Cherokee syllabary in use today ... of the syllabary chart from left to right, top to bottom a , e , i , o , u , v , ga ... based on the six columns of the syllabary chart from top to bottom, left to right a , ga , ka ... the writing of his syllabary easier. He could not actually read any of the letters in the book as can be seen in certain characters in his syllabary, which look like Ws or 4s for example , so it is especially impressive that he came up with such a well developed system. He worked on the syllabary ... created. The rapid dissemination of the syllabary is notable, and by 1824, most Cherokees could read ... Cherokee Elias Boudinot to adapt the syllabary to printing presses. ref name ict Staff. http www.indiancountrytoday.com living 87806252.html Cherokee Nation creates syllabary keypad. Indian Country Today ... more details
frieze at Knossos showing Minoan ware. Although the rhyton conical vase is probably steatite , the other ware is most likely ceramic . Minoan pottery is more than a useful tool for dating the mute Minoan civilization . Its restless sequence of rapidly maturing artistic styles reveal something of Minoan patrons pleasure in novelty while they assist archaeologists to assign relative dates to the Archaeology .... The extremely fine palace pottery called Kamares ware, and the Late Minoan all over patterned Marine style are the high points of the Minoan pottery tradition. Traditional chronology The traditional chronology for dating Minoan civilization was developed by Sir Arthur Evans in the early years of the 20th ... and appear in this article. For more details, see the Minoan chronology . Evans classified fine ... be considered as prototypes of Kamares ware Kamares style of Minoan pottery, although the link between Butmir and Impressed Ware in general , on the one hand, and Minoan, on the other, is still a matter of debates. Early Minoan Image Museu arqueologic de Creta13.jpg thumb right 300px Shelves of Early Minoan pottery, mainly Vasiliki Ware, Heracleion Archaeological Museum at Iraklio . A brief introduction to the topic of Early Minoan pottery is stated below. It concentrates on some better known ... open to interpretation, and none is decisive. FN, EM I Early Minoan pottery, to some extent, continued ..., used in that sense with reference to Crete. ref FN without a severe break. Many suggest that Minoan ... variety from site to site, which is suggestive of localism of Early Minoan social traditions. Studies ... Ware EM I types include Pyrgos dn date October 2011 Ware , ref http www.uk.digiserve.com mentor minoan .... http ccwf.cc.utexas.edu 7Ebruceh cc307 minoan images 2d.jpg Examples 1 , http www.fhw.gr chronos 02 crete en gallery pm pot10.html Examples 2 . From this beginning, Minoan potters already concentrated ... minoan vasiliki.htm Vasiliki Ware , named for the Vasiliki, Lasithi Minoan site in eastern Crete ... more details
and mythology is based on evidence recovered archaeology archaeologically . Postulated Minoan ... of Minoan goddesses vastly outnumber depictions of anything that could be considered a Minoan god. While ... sites of cult here were numerous small shrines in Minoan Crete, and mountain peaks and very numerous ... that there are no Minoan frescoes that depict any deities. Bull leaping ritual see Bull Leaping Fresco A major festive celebration was exemplified in the famous athletic Bull leaping Minoan bull dance ... of Knossos. ref and inscribed in miniature Minoan seal stones seal stone s. There is significant ... more likely shows young Minoan people attempting to ride the bull and that the act of catching ... as the North House. Minoan civilization Chronology and history explanation of abbreviations The temple .... ref MacGillivray 2000, Minotaur Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth p.312 13 ref The bones, found by Peter Warren, date to Late Minoan IB 1580 1490 , before the Myceneans arrived ... of the Second Palace Period Minoan burial practice is dominated by two broad forms Circular Tombs ..., there are many trends and patterns within Minoan mortuary practice that do not conform to this simple ... have influenced the decision to locate a cemetery the Late Minoan rock cut tombs at Armeni utilise ... To what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and Mycenaean religion is a question which ... Roman and Hellenistic culture. Minoan religion has not been transmitted in its own language, and the uses ... with an existing Minoan icon, such as the familiar Serpent symbolism serpent goddess. Plutarch The Intelligence ..., Nanno 1993, Minoan Religion , University of South Carolina, Columbia See also Religions of the Ancient Near East DEFAULTSORT Minoan Religion Category Minoan civilization Religion Category Prehistoric ... more details
systems. Sir Arthur Evans developed a relative dating scheme of Minoan chronology based on the excavations ... that he discovered there Minoan civilization Minoan . The same scheme was later applied ... and decorative styles of pottery found at many sites on Crete and elsewhere. details Minoan pottery Minoan pottery Evans and Knossos Arthur Evans began excavating on a hill called tou tseleve ... he found there Minoan , after the legendary king Minos , and had created a detailed chronology of the serial phases of the pottery styles in Minoan Crete, based on what he found at Knossos . Subsequently ... each triply divided, a formula that has been retained, thus Early Minoan EM I, II and III, Middle Minoan MM I, II and III etc. Each subsection he divided into A and B, early and late. In 1918 Alan ... point in Late Minoan LM , the latter is often included under Mycenaean or called Minoan Mycenaean ... background in the Early Minoan to white and red decorations on a dark wash of http www.bartleby.com 61 56 S0475600.html slip in Middle Minoan, and finally a return to the earlier manner of dark on light in Late Minoan. ref Sinclair Hood, The Home of the Heroes The Aegean before the Greeks , 1975, ISBN ... will find the same period dated differently by the same author. ref Notes Table of Minoan chronology ... Matz or in Greek. bgcolor MistyRose First Early Minoan Hutchinson br Phase I Platon ... I layer at Debla . bgcolor MistyRose Second Early Minoan Hutchinson br Phase II Platon align ... 6&ndash 11, 2345&ndash 1991. bgcolor MistyRose Third Early Minoan Hutchinson br Phase III Platon ... br Minoan Age Platon ref Platon s Minoan Age includes MM exclusive of IA and LM. His Palace Period ... Jan Driessen under The Court Compounds of Minoan Crete , Athena Review, Vol. 3 No. 3. All the authors ... mentor minoan Ian Swindale http projectsx.dartmouth.edu history bronze age Dartmouth College http ... Minoan Civilization , Myrtos Museum site. http oi.uchicago.edu OI DEPT RA HJK HJKIX.pdf search 22Crete ... more details
Infobox Writing system name Byblos syllabary type Undeciphered typedesc probably a syllabary time Estimated between 1800 BC and 1400 BC languages Unknown Semitic? fam1 Egyptian hieroglyphs and hieratic Phoenician alphabet Phoenician ? sample Byblos syll spat e.gif The Byblos syllabary , also known as the Pseudo hieroglyphic script , Proto Byblian , Proto Byblic , or Byblic , is officially an undeciphered writing system, known from ten inscriptions found in Byblos . The inscriptions are engraved on bronze plates and spatulas, and carved in stone. They were excavated by Maurice Dunand, from 1928 to 1932, and published in 1945 in his monograph Byblia Grammata . The inscriptions are conventionally dated to the second millennium BC, probably between the 18th century BC 18th and 15th century BC 15th centuries BC. Examples of the script have also been discovered in Egypt, Italy, and Megiddo Garbini ... as word dividers. Related inscriptions Isolated characters from the Byblos syllabary have also been ... estimates the actual number of signs to be about 90. This number suggests the script to be a syllabary ... it is probable that the syllabary was devised by someone in Byblos who had seen Egyptian hieroglyphs and used them freely as an example to compose a new syllabary that was better adapted to the native ... that the latter was derived in some way from the syllabary. Thus the inscriptions are potentially ... scientist, thinks to have deciphered the Byblos syllabary successfully after 40 years of research ... 40 2009 , 129 33 Colless, Brian, The Canaanite Syllabary , Ancient Near Eastern Studies 35 1998 , 26 46. Daniels, P.T., The Byblos syllabary , in P.T. Daniels & W. Bright eds. , The World s Writing ... 131. cite journal author Hoch, James E. authorlink coauthors year 1990 title The Byblos Syllabary Bridging ... External links http www.jangpbest.nl website Jan Best DEFAULTSORT Byblos Syllabary Category Undeciphered writing systems Category Syllabary writing systems Category Bronze Age writing systems Category ... more details
Infobox writing system name Afaka type Syllabary time Invented 1910 languages Ndyuka language Ndyuka creator Af ka Atumisi sample Kwami Kagami in Afaka script.png iso15924 Afak note none The Afaka script afaka sikifi is a syllabary of 56 letters devised in 1910 for the Ndyuka language, an English based creole language creole of Surinam . The script is named after its inventor, Af ka Atumisi . It continues to be used to write Ndyuka in the 21st century, but the literacy rate in that language for all scripts is under 10 . Afaka is the only script in use that was designed specifically for a creole or for a form of English. It is not supported by Unicode . Typology Image Afaka syllabary.png thumb 300px The syllabary as recorded by Gonggrijp in 1968. All letters may include a final nasal a for an, ba for ban, etc. , and the rows for b, d, dy, g may also stand for mb, nd, ndy, ng. The y row is placed between g and k because it was originally transcribed with Dutch j. The dot inside the loop of nya may be an error due to confusion with similarly shaped be. Afaka is a rather defective script . Tone linguistics Tone is phoneme phonemic but not written. Final consonants the nasal n are not written, but long vowels are, by adding a vowel letter. Prenasalized stop s and voiced consonant voiced stops are written with the same letters, and syllables with the vowels u and o are seldom distinguished ... Image Afaka variants.png thumb center 500px Three orders of the Afaka syllabary as recorded in the Patili ... syllabaries, with some letters rotated and others more angular in the mid syllabary. The bottom ... j and oe for modern Ndyuka y and u. Image Afaka 1920.png thumb center 500px The syllabary as recorded ... Indische Gids 40 63 72. Huttar, George. 1987. The Afaka script an indigenous creole syllabary. In The Thirteenth LACUS Forum , pp. 167 177. Huttar, George. 1992. Afaka and his creole syllabary the social ... used at Omniglot list of writing systems Category Syllabary writing systems Category Pidgins and creoles ... more details
Infobox eruption name Minoan eruption photo File Santorini Landsat.jpg photo size caption Satellite image ... impact Devastated the Minoan civilization Minoan settlements of Akrotiri Santorini Akrotiri and the island ... . The Minoan eruption of Santorini Thera , also referred to as the Thera eruption or Santorini ... of Thera also called Santorini , including the Minoan civilization Minoan settlement at Akrotiri Santorini ... chronicle . Additionally, it has been speculated that the Minoan eruption and the destruction ... volcano erupted numerous times over several hundred thousand years before the Minoan eruption. In a repeating ... isbn 0 521 65290 1 ref Immediately prior to the Minoan eruption, the walls of the caldera formed a nearly ... Heiken authorlink coauthors McCoy, F title Precursory Activity to the Minoan Eruption, Thera, Greece ... last Sivertsen first Barbara J. year 2009 publisher Princeton University Press chapter The Minoan ... Minoan A of the eruption deposited up to convert 7 m abbr on of pumice and ash, with a minor lithic ... damage. The second B0 sub 2 sub Minoan B and third B0 sub 3 sub Minoan C eruption phases ... during Minoan A were completely destroyed. The third phase was also characterized by the initiation of caldera collapse. The fourth, and last, major phase B0 sub 4 sub Minoan D was marked by varied ... title Volcanic shards from Santorini Upper Minoan ash in the Nile Delta, Egypt journal Nature volume ... Tephra from the Minoan eruption of Santorini in sediments of the Black Sea journal Nature volume 363 ... 2006 05 09 publisher The Columbus Dispatch accessdate 2007 05 20 ref The Minoan eruption is a key ... to date the eruption itself. Since Thera s culture at the time of destruction was similar to the Minoan civilization Late Minoan IA LMIA culture on Crete, LMIA is the baseline to establish chronology ... Alaska tephra in Greenland ice core challenges the 1645 BC date for Minoan eruption of Santorini ... author Pyle, DM year 1997 title The global impact of the Minoan eruption of Santorini, Greece journal ... more details
Image Minoisch Siegel Detail.jpg thumb 320px A gem grade seal stone and its impression. Minoan seal stones are gemstone s, or near gem quality Rock geology stones produced in the Minoan civilization . They were found in quantity at specific sites, for example the Citadel of Mycenae . Minoan seal stones are of a small size, pocket size , in the manner of a personal amulet. They might be thought of as equivalent to the pocket sized, convert 1 in cm 0 scaraboid seal s of Ancient Egypt . However Minoan seals can be larger, with largest examples of many inches. Topics of the seal stones The topics of the seal stones centers on the Minoan civilization , with animals, dance, goddess es, etc. One common iconography iconographic art theme in Minoan art, especially fresco es, was bull leaping the example seal stone shows leapers and a bull. Other themes are varied, including for example pottery and a plant with 5 moon planet crescents , confronted animals confronted goats , and a single bird . ref The March of Archaeology, pg. 63. ref References reflist C. W. Ceram Ceram, C.W. The March of Archaeology, C.W.Ceram, translated from the German, Richard and Clara Winston, Alfred A. Knopf, New York , c 1958. gallery File Museum of Anatolian Civilizations045 kopie3.jpg museum examples&mdash impressions File Museum of Anatolian Civilizations044.jpg museum examples&mdash impressions br Bottom cylinder seal s w impressions File Minoische Siegel.jpg 5 Seals&mdash impressions br Lion taking animal? br horse br ? br 5 circles & ? br ?? File Museu arqueologic de Creta14.jpg museum examples&mdash impressions br stamp seal s also shown gallery Category Hardstone carving Category Cylinder and impression seals in archaeology Category Minoan culture NEast archaeology stub ... more details
Infobox Writing system name Great Lakes Algonquian Syllabary type Syllabary time mid nineteenth century ... , Ojibwa language Ojibwe Great Lakes Algonquian syllabary also called the Great Lakes Aboriginal syllabics ... Goddard, Ives, 1996, p. 123 ref The syllabary was originally used by speakers of several Algonquian ... in addition to Potawatomi language Potawatomi . Use of the syllabary was subsequently extended to the Siouan ..., Willard, 1996, pp. 168 173 ref Use of the Great Lakes syllabary has also been attributed to speakers ..., but supporting evidence is weak. ref name ReferenceA The Great Lakes syllabary is most accurately described as a syllabary that is based upon the characters of an alphabet . Consonant and vowel letters ... it represents a case of an alphabetic system evolving into a syllabary. ref Justeson, John and Laurence Stevens, 1991 1993 ref The syllabary is unrelated to the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Cree syllabary that was invented by James Evans linguist James Evans to write Cree language Cree and extended ... and early development of the system is not known. In 1880 when first reported, use of the syllabary ... Fox would have h . In Potawatomi the glottal stop is not represented in the syllabary, and in Fox ... sounds has led to the suggestion that the syllabary was first used by speakers of Potawatomi, and subsequently ... why the h sound is not included in the Fox versions of the syllabary even though the sound is not difficult ..., Ives, 1996, p. 127 Goddard, Ives, 1996, p. 127 ref Description The syllabary is based upon a European .... Samples of the Fox version of the syllabary are in Jones 1906 , and Walker 1981, 1996 the latter ..., 1996, pp. 170 171 ref Samples of the Potawatomi syllabary characters are in Walker 1981, 1986 ... written in the Fox syllabary, and Kinkade and Mattina 1996 includes a page of text in the Fox syllabary ... Samples of the characters used in the Ho Chunk syllabary are available at http hotcakencyclopedia.com ho.Pronunciation.1.html Ho Chunk Syllabary . Fox version The versions of the syllabary used by the Fox ... more details
Summary logo fur REQUIRED Article Minoan Lines Use Org HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source http www.minoan.gr gfx Logo.gif ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Used to identify a major shipping company with passenger and freight services in Crete and Adriatic Sea lines. The logo is also used to identify ships of the company and is painted on the funnels. Owner Minoan Lines Website http www.minoan.gr History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion no Low resolution yes Purpose The logo is also used to identify ships of Minoan Lines company and is painted on their funnels. Replaceability no other information Derived from Image Knossos the prince of lillies.jpg The Lily Prince fresco of Knossos . Introduced in 1993, replacing an older logo of similar design. Licensing Non free logo History of Image Minoan Lines logo.gif 2008 09 09T11 12 44Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 888 bytes nowiki Summary nowiki 2008 09 07T04 03 54Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 835 bytes nowiki Summary nowiki 2008 09 06T18 23 11Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 833 bytes nowiki Summary History of logo image nowiki 2008 09 06T18 20 08Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 730 bytes nowiki Summary Purpose nowiki 2008 09 06T18 16 10Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs nowiki uploaded a new version of Image Minoan Lines logo.gif nowiki 2008 09 06T18 14 44Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 634 bytes nowiki logo fur REQUIRED Article Minoan Lines Use Org HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source http www.minoan.gr gfx Logo.gif company web site ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Used to identify a major shipping company with passenger and fr nowiki 2008 09 06T18 16 09Z User Sv1xv Sv1xv User talk Sv1xv Talk Special Contributions Sv1xv contribs 100x123 2971 bytes 2008 09 06T18 14 ... more details
Infobox artefact image File Minoan Bull leaper.jpg 220px name Bronze Group of a Bull and Acrobat image caption material Bronze size L convert 15.5 cm in br H convert 11.4 cm in br W convert 4.7 cm in writing created 1600BC 1450BC period Late Minoan I place Rethymnon , Crete location G12 1, British Museum , London id registration British Museum db 1966,0328.1 id 399328 The Minoan bull leaper is a bronze group of a bull and leaper in the British Museum . It is the only known largely complete three dimensional sculpture depicting Minoan civilization Minoan bull leaping . ref name BBC20080922 cite web title A History of the World Object A bronze statue of an acrobat leaping over a bull from the island ... http www.britishmuseum.org explore highlights highlight objects gr b minoan bull and acrobat.aspx title Minoan bull leaper publisher British Museum accessdate 06.05.10 ref ref name BBC20080922 This speculation ... Minoan Bull leaper 2.jpg thumb right The Minoan bull leaper from the front. The group was cast in a single ... harvnb Evans 1921 pp 247 259 ref Evans dated the bull leaper to the Late Minoan I period, so that this object ... search the collection database search object details.aspx?objectid 399328&partid 1&searchText minoan ... part of Minoan culture excavations at Knossos have revealed several fresco s depicting bull leaping. ref citeweb url http ancienthistory.about.com od bronzeage ss 091008Minoan.htm title Knossos Minoan ... this reconstruction has become part of bull leaping in the popular imagination, comparatively few Minoan ... citation last Evans first Arthur authorlink Arthur Evans year 1921 title On a Minoan Bronze Group ... Minoan and Mycenaean Art publisher Thames & Hudson oclc 250899895 citation last Higgins first Reynold ... links commonscat dmoz Science Social Sciences Archaeology Periods and Cultures Minoan and Mycenaean Minoan and Mycenaean http projectsx.dartmouth.edu classics history bronze age lessons les 14.html ... objects in the British Museum Category Minoan art Category Animals in art Category Bronze sculptures ... more details
Licensing cc by sa 3.0 KeepLocal OnCommons 1 Information Description http www.britishmuseum.org research search the collection database search object details.aspx?objectid 399328&partid 1&IdNum 1966,0328.1 Minoan Bull leaper in the British Museum Source My own work Date 4th June 2010 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions File Bull leaper cropped.jpg 50px ... more details
The nihongo Japanese Sign Language syllabary yubimoji literally finger letters is a system of manual kana used as part of Japanese Sign Language JSL . It is a signary of 45 signs and 4 diacritic s representing the phonetic syllables of the Japanese language. Signs are distinguished both in the direction they point, and in whether the palm faces the viewer or the signer. For example, the manual syllables na, ni, ha are all made with the first two fingers of the hand extended straight, but for na the fingers point down, for ni across the body, and for ha toward the viewer. The signs for te and ho are both an open flat hand, but in te the palm faces the viewer, and in ho it faces away. Although a syllabary rather than an alphabet , manual kana is based on the manual alphabet of American Sign Language . The simple vowels a, i, u, e, o are nearly identical to the ASL vowels, while the ASL consonants k, s, t, n, h, m, y, r, w are used for the corresponding syllables ending in the vowel a in manual kana ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra, wa . The sole exception is ta , which was modified because the ASL letter t is an obscene gesture in Japan. The other 31 manual kana are taken from a variety of sources. The signs for ko, su, tu tsu , ni, hu fu , he, ru, re, ro imitate the shapes of the katakana for those syllables. The signs for no, ri, n trace the way those katakana are written, just as j and z do in ASL. The signs hi, mi, yo, mu, shi, ku, ti chi are slight modifications of the numerals 1 hito , 3 mi , 4 yo , 6 mu , 7 shichi , 9 ku , 1000 ti . The syllable yu represents the symbol for hot water yu displayed at Sent public bath houses . Other symbols are taken from words in Japanese Sign Language, or common gestures used by the hearing in Japan, that represent words starting with that syllable in Japanese se from JSL back, spine Japanese se so from that sore ki from fox kitsune ke from fault ketten , or perhaps hair ke te from hand te to from together with to nu from to steal ... more details
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