Image Coord system CY 1.svg thumb 240px A cylindricalcoordinatesystem with origin O , polar axis A , and longitudinal axis L . The dot is the point with radial distance 4, angular coordinate 130 , and height z 4. A cylindricalcoordinatesystem is a three dimensional coordinatesystem that specifies point positions by the distance from a chosen reference axis ... from any point with positive height. Coordinatesystem conversions The cylindricalcoordinatesystem ... coordinates , as they correspond to a two dimensional polar coordinates polar coordinatesystem in the plane ... coordinate by h or if the cylindrical axis is considered horizontal x , or any context specific letter. File Cylindricalcoordinate surfaces.png thumb 240px right The CoordinatesystemCoordinate surface coordinate surfaces of the cylindrical coordinates , , z . The red Cylinder geometry ... sphere the Cartesian coordinatesystem Cartesian coordinates of P are roughly 1.0, 1.732, 1.0 . File Cylindricalcoordinate surfaces.gif right thumb 480px CylindricalCoordinate Surfaces. The three ... between them. Cartesian coordinates For the conversion between cylindrical and Cartesian coordinate ... plane with equation z 0 , and the cylindrical axis is the Cartesian z axis. Then the z coordinate ... in the range 90 , 270 . For other formulas, see Polar coordinatesystem the polar coordinate article ... Cylindrical harmonics The solutions to the Laplace equation in a system with cylindrical symmetry are called cylindrical harmonics . See also List of canonical coordinate transformations Vector ... Coordinates Animations illustrating cylindrical coordinates by Frank Wattenberg Orthogonal coordinate ... number depending on which side of the reference plane faces the point. The origin of the system is the point ... plane and the axis. The axis is variously called the cylindrical or longitudinal axis, to differentiate ... may be called the radial distance or radius , while the angular coordinate is sometimes referred to as the angular ... more details
coordinate systems main Cylindricalcoordinatesystem Spherical coordinatesystem There are two common methods for extending the polar coordinatesystem to three dimensions. In the cylindricalcoordinatesystem , a z coordinate with the same meaning as in Cartesian coordinates is added to the r ... . In geometry , a coordinatesystem is a system which uses one or more number s, or coordinates , to uniquely .... 1 ref ref MathWorld title CoordinateSystem urlname CoordinateSystem ref The order of the coordinates ... of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring . The use of a coordinatesystem allows ... use is the system of assigning longitude and latitude to geographical locations. In physics , a coordinate ... coordinatesystem is useful for numerical calculations in a given space, the space itself is considered ... example of a coordinatesystem is the identification of points on a line with real numbers using the number line . In this system, an arbitrary point O the origin is chosen on a given line. The coordinate ... p. 8 ref File Number line.gif center The number line Cartesian coordinatesystem main Cartesian coordinatesystem Image Cartesian coordinate system.svg right thumb 250px The Cartesian coordinatesystem in the plane. The prototypical example of a coordinatesystem is the Cartesian coordinatesystem. In the Plane ... in n dimensional Euclidean space . Polar coordinatesystem main Polar coordinatesystem Image CircularCoordinates.svg thumb 250px The Polar coordinatesystem in the plane. Another common coordinatesystem for the plane is the Polar coordinatesystem . A point is chosen as the pole and a ray from ... Homogeneous coordinatesystem main Homogeneous coordinates A point in the plane may be represented ... the use of infinity . In general, a homogeneous coordinatesystem is one where only the ratios ... of figure being described is used to distinguish the type of coordinatesystem, for example the term line coordinates is used for any coordinatesystem that specifies the position of a line. It may occur ... more details
handed coordinatesystem. The standard convention r , , conflicts with the usual notation for the two dimensional polar coordinatesystem polar coordinates , where is often used for the azimuth. It may also conflict with the notation used for three dimensional cylindricalcoordinatesystemcylindrical ... coordinatesystemCylindrical coordinates r , , z may be converted into spherical coordinates ... to Polar coordinatesystem Vector calculus vector calculus in polar coordinates . See also Celestial coordinatesystem Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates Euler angles Gimbal lock Hypersphere ...Image Coord system SZ 0.svg thumb right 240px A spherical coordinatesystem with origin O , zenith direction ... coordinatesystem, using elevation from the reference plane instead of inclination from the zenith ... above is an example of a left handed coordinatesystem. In mathematics , a spherical coordinatesystem is a coordinatesystem for dimension three dimensional space where the position of a point .... Definition To define a spherical coordinatesystem, one must choose two orthogonal directions, the zenith ... is arbitrary, and is part of the coordinatesystem s definition. The elevation angle is 90 degrees ... system uses the azimuth and elevation of the spherical coordinatesystem to express locations on Earth ... system is useful on the plane, a two dimensional spherical coordinatesystem is useful on the surface .... The spherical coordinatesystem is also commonly used in 3D game development to rotate the camera around the player s position. Coordinatesystem conversions As the spherical coordinatesystem ... coordinates between the spherical coordinatesystem and others. Cartesian coordinates The spherical coordinates r , , of a point can be obtained from its Cartesian coordinatesystem Cartesian coordinates ... Geographic coordinates To a first approximation, the geographic coordinatesystem uses elevation angle ... DEFAULTSORT Spherical CoordinateSystem Category Coordinate systems af Sferiese ko rdinatestelsel ar ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the manufacturing industry, with regard to CNC numerically controlled machine tools , the phrase machine coordinate system refers to the physical limits of the motion of the machine in each of its axes, and to the numerical coordinate which is assigned by the machine tool builder to each of these limits. DEFAULTSORT Machine Coordinate System Manufacturing stub Category Manufacturing ... more details
distinguish Ecliptic coordinatesystem Image Elliptical coordinates grid.svg thumb right 352px Elliptic coordinatesystem In geometry , the elliptic coordinatesystem is a two dimensional orthogonal coordinates orthogonal coordinatesystem in which the CoordinatesystemCoordinate line coordinate lines are confocal ellipse s and hyperbola e. The two Focus geometry foci math F 1 math and math F 2 math are generally taken to be fixed at math a math and math a math , respectively, on the math x math axis of the Cartesian coordinatesystem . Basic definition The most common definition of elliptic coordinates math mu, nu math is math x a cosh mu cos nu math math y a sinh mu sin nu math where math mu math is a nonnegative real number and math nu in 0, 2 pi . math On the complex plane , an equivalent relationship is math x iy a cosh mu i nu math These definitions correspond to ellipses and hyperbolae. The trigonometric identity math frac x 2 a 2 cosh 2 mu frac y 2 a 2 sinh 2 mu cos 2 nu sin 2 nu 1 math shows that curves of constant math mu math form ellipse s, whereas the hyperbolic trigonometric identity math frac x 2 a 2 cos 2 nu frac y 2 a 2 sin 2 nu cosh 2 mu sinh 2 mu 1 math shows that curves of constant math nu math form hyperbola e. Scale factors The scale factors for the elliptic coordinates math mu, nu math are equal math h mu h nu a sqrt sinh 2 mu sin 2 nu . math To simplify ... math sigma math are ellipses, whereas the curves of constant math tau math are hyperbolae. The coordinate math tau math must belong to the interval 1, 1 , whereas the math sigma math coordinate ... coordinates . The elliptic cylindrical coordinates are produced by projecting in the math z math direction ... are a natural description of a system thus allowing a separation of variables in the partial ... Handbook for Scientists and Engineers , McGraw Hill. Orthogonal coordinate systems Category Coordinate systems ca Coordenades el l ptiques de Elliptische Koordinaten es Coordenadas el pticas it Coordinate ... more details
, and the origin 0, 0 in purple. A Cartesian coordinatesystem specifies each point geometry point ... from n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes . Image Cartesian coordinatesystem with circle.svg thumb right 250px Cartesian coordinatesystem with a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red ... Euclidean geometry and algebra . Using the Cartesian coordinatesystem, geometric shapes such as curve ... , and many more. They are the most common coordinatesystem used in computer graphics , computer ... coordinatesystem enabled the development of Perspective graphical perspective and projective ... Descartes, such as the polar coordinatesystem polar coordinates for the plane, and the spherical ... line Main Number line Choosing a Cartesian coordinatesystem for a one dimensional space that is, for a straight ... coordinatesystem in two dimensions also called a rectangular coordinatesystem is defined by an ordered ... dimensions Image Coord system CA 0.svg thumb 240px A three dimensional Cartesian coordinatesystem ... 3, and Z 4, or 2,3,4 . Choosing a Cartesian coordinatesystem for a three dimensional ... systemCoordinate surface coordinate surfaces of the Cartesian coordinates x , y , z . The z ... Quadrants and octants This section is linked from Heraldry and from Quadrant Cartesian coordinatesystem Image Cartesian coordinates 2D.svg thumb 240px The four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinatesystem ... coordinatesystem. The other way of orienting the axes is following the left hand rule , placing ... of the rule used to orient the axes, rotating the coordinatesystem will preserve the orientation ... handed Cartesian coordinatesystem indicating the coordinate planes. Once the x and y axes are specified ... up and the x and the y axis form a positively oriented two dimensional coordinatesystem in the xy ... handed coordinatesystem. Because a three dimensional object is represented on the two dimensional screen ... a right handed coordinatesystem. Again, there is an ambiguity caused by projecting the three ... more details
coordinatesystem is a coordinatesystem for mapping positions on the celestial sphere . There are different celestial coordinate systems each using a system of spherical coordinates projected on the celestial sphere , in analogy to the geographic coordinatesystem used on the surface of the Earth ... . Each coordinatesystem is named for its choice of fundamental plane. Coordinate systems The following ... in the geographic coordinatesystem GCS . The two points located 90° from the fundamental plane are termed the poles. The coordinate column gives the coordinatesystem s equivalents to the latitude and longitude in GCS, respectively. class wikitable Coordinatesystem ref cite web url http www.astro.virginia.edu ... plane Poles Coordinates style text align center Horizontal coordinatesystem Horizontal br also called ... style text align center Equatorial coordinatesystem Equatorial celestial equator celestial pole s declination right ascension or hour angle style text align center Ecliptic coordinatesystem ... coordinatesystem Galactic galactic plane galactic pole s galactic latitude galactic longitude style text align center Supergalactic coordinatesystem Supergalactic supergalactic plane Supergalactic poles supergalactic latitude, supergalactic longitude Horizontal system Main Horizontal coordinate ... varies with time, but is a useful coordinatesystem for locating and tracking objects for observers ... system Main Equatorial coordinatesystem The equatorial coordinatesystem is centered at Earth ... coordinates. The equatorial system is the normal coordinatesystem for most professional and many ... system Main Ecliptic coordinatesystem The ecliptic system was one of the old coordinate systems ... their orbital elements . Galactic system Main Galactic coordinatesystem The galactic coordinatesystem ... of the coordinatesystem, and the zero point is defined as the direction towards the galactic ... coordinatesystem The supergalactic coordinatesystem corresponds to a fundamental plane which contains ... more details
The State Plane CoordinateSystem SPS or SPCS is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinatesystem s designed ... factors. First, it uses a simple Cartesian coordinatesystem to specify locations rather than a more complex spherical coordinatesystem the geographic coordinatesystem of latitude and longitude . By thus .... History The state plane coordinatesystem came into being during the 1930s. It has been revised several times since then. When computers began to be used for mapping and Geographic information system GIS , the state plane system s cartesian grid system and simplified calculations made spatial processing ... tasks being demanded of computers have also increased. Thus the state plane coordinatesystem ... a geodetic datum is the way a coordinatesystem is linked to the physical Earth . More recently there has .... Thus a fully described coordinatesystem often looks something like Washington State Plane North, NAD83 ... coordinatesystem to another. Problems The main problem with the state plane coordinatesystem is that each zone uses a different coordinatesystem. This is not a major problem as long as one s needs .... However, the need to transform spatial data from one coordinatesystem to another can be burdensome ... State Plane North coordinatesystem, while Pierce County, Washington Pierce County , which ... data into a common coordinatesystem. See also Public Land Survey System Universal Transverse Mercator coordinatesystem External links http www.ngs.noaa.gov National Geodetic Survey NGS http www.ngs.noaa.gov PUBS LIB ManualNOSNGS5.pdf State Plane CoordinateSystem 1983 http www.vterrain.org Projections spcs.html The State Plane CoordinateSystem, at vterrain.org http www.earthpoint.us StatePlane.aspx ..., with 10 more in Alaska, 5 in Hawaii, and one for Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands. The system is widely ... calculations. Second, the system is highly accurate within each zone error less than 1 10,000 . Outside a specific state plane zone accuracy rapidly declines, thus the system is not useful for regional ... more details
centripetal force . Connection to spherical and cylindrical coordinates The polar coordinatesystem is extended into three dimensions with two different coordinate systems, the cylindricalcoordinatesystemcylindrical and spherical coordinatesystem . Applications Polar coordinates are two ...Featured article Image CircularCoordinates.svg thumb 250px Points in the polar coordinatesystem with pole O and polar axis L . In green, the point with radial coordinate 3 and angular coordinate 60 degrees, or 3,60 . In blue, the point 4,210 . In mathematics , the polar coordinatesystem is a dimension two dimensional coordinatesystem in which each point mathematics point on a plane mathematics plane ... analogous to the origin of a Cartesian coordinatesystem Cartesian system is called the pole , and the ray ... whose radius depends on the angle. The Greek work, however, did not extend to a full coordinatesystem ... B r n 973 1048 , developed ideas which are seen as an anticipation of the polar coordinatesystem. ref ... of polar coordinates as part of a formal coordinatesystem. The full history of the subject ... polar coordinates r and can be converted to the Cartesian coordinatesystem Cartesian coordinates ... coordinatesystem, many curves can be described by a rather simple polar equation, whereas ... coordinatesystem would be much more intricate. Moreover, many physical systems such as those concerned ... good candidates for the use of the polar coordinatesystem. These systems include gravitation ... coordinates http scratch.mit.edu projects nevit 691690 Polar CoordinateSystem Dynamic Demo Orthogonal coordinate systems DEFAULTSORT Polar CoordinateSystem Category Coordinate systems Link GA es Link ... the pole is called the radial coordinate or radius , and the angle is the angular coordinate , polar ... longitude and latitude to its polar coordinates i.e. its qibla and distance relative to a system ... he referred to as the Seventh Manner For Spirals , and nine other coordinate systems. ref Cite journal ... more details
The Swiss coordinatesystem or Swiss grid is a geographic coordinatesystem used in Switzerland for maps and surveying by the Swiss Federal Office of Topography Swisstopo . The map projection used is Oblique Mercator on an 1841 Bessel ellipsoid . The datum geodesy geodetic datum CH1903 uses as fundamental point the old observatory of Bern coord 46 57 03.9 N 7 26 19.1 E type landmark region CH WGS84 , the current location of the Institut f r exakte Wissenschaften of the University of Bern . In order to avoid errors during coordinate transmissions, the coordinates of this point are 600 000 m E 200 000 m N. The 0 0 coordinate is located near Bordeaux , France . This definition invokes the following effects All coordinates are always positive, since Switzerland is located in the 1st Cartesian coordinatesystem quadrant of the coordinatesystem. Furthermore, the whole area of Switzerland is located below the y x line of the coordinatesystem. Thus, all E coordinates are always bigger than N coordinates. Devised for the national land survey of 1995 LV 95 for Landesvermessung 1995 , the CH1903 datum is based on World Geodetic System WGS84 . The coordinates of its new reference point, the Zimmerwald Observatory , should maintain the CH1903 coordinates as far as possible. The easting and northing is increased by 2 and 1 million, respectively. table border align right caption Coordinates of the Zimmerwald observatory in the old and new notations caption tr align right th CH1903 td y 602 030.68 m td x 191 775.03 m tr align right th CH1903 td E 2 602 030.74 m td N 1 191 775.03 m table See also Swiss cartography External links Swisstopo http www.swisstopo.admin.ch internet swisstopo ... Umrechnung von Schweizer Landeskoordinaten in das WGS84 System , University of Potsdam Online ... system GIS including the complete range of the swiss topographical maps http www.geoportal.ch GIS ... GIS for canton Canton of Zurich ZH Category Geography of Switzerland Category Geographic coordinate ... more details
Supergalactic coordinates are coordinates in a spherical coordinatesystem which was designed to have its equator aligned with the supergalactic plane , a major structure in the local universe formed by the preferential distribution of nearby galaxy cluster s such as the Virgo cluster , the Great Attractor and the Pisces Perseus supercluster towards a two dimensional plane mathematics plane . The supergalactic plane was recognized by G rard de Vaucouleurs in 1953 from the Shapley Ames catalogue , although a flattened distribution of nebula e had been noted by William Herschel over 200 years earlier. By convention, supergalactic latitude and supergalactic longitude are usually denoted by SGB and SGL, respectively, by analogy to b and l conventionally used for galactic coordinates . The zero point for supergalactic longitude is defined by the intersection of this plane with the galactic plane. Definition The north supergalactic pole SGB 90 lies at galactic coordinates l 47.37 , b 6.32 . In the equatorial coordinatesystem epoch astronomy epoch J2000 , this is approximately right ascension RA 18.9 h, declination Dec 15.7 . The zero point SGB 0 , SGL 0 lies at l 137.37 , b 0 . In J2000 equatorial coordinates, this is approximately 2.82 h, 59.5 . See also Coordinatesystem Celestial coordinatesystem External references http cdsads.u strasbg.fr cgi bin nph data query?bibcode 2000MNRAS.312..166L&db key AST&link type ARTICLE Precise definition by Lahav et al. 2000, MNRAS, 312, 166 Celestial coordinate systems Category Celestial coordinatesystem Category Extragalactic astronomy de Supergalaktisches Koordinatensystem ja pl Uk ad wsp rz dnych supergalaktycznych sl Supergalakti ni koordinatni sistem zh ... more details
Orphan date January 2008 The perifocal frame is the two dimensional frame of reference for an orbit . It is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the planet about which the orbit is centered. Its plane is given the coordinate s p and q , where the p axis is directed toward the periapsis of the elliptical orbit in the direction of the eccentricity vector . The third dimension of this orbit, w , is composed of the Normalized vector normalized angular momentum vector, which is the radius vector Dot product crossed with the velocity vector. See also Celestial coordinate system Polar distance astronomy Geocentric coordinates Heliocentric orbit References Bate. Fundamentals of astrodynamics Category Orbits physics stub ... more details
Image AstroDeclinationRightascension.png right The spherical coordinatesystem The equatorial coordinatesystem is a widely used method of mapping celestial objects. It functions by projecting the Earth ... The equatorial coordinatesystem allows all earthbound observers to describe the apparent ..., in the horizontal coordinatesystem , a star s position in the sky is different based on the geographical .... The equatorial coordinatesystem is commonly used by telescopes equipped with equatorial mount ... rotation of the equatorial coordinatesystem takes 24 hours of sidereal time to complete. There are 360 ... s hour angle will be 1 sidereal hour. GEI Coordinates There are a number of Cartesian coordinatesystem cartesian variants of equatorial coordinates. The most common of these is called the geocentric equatorial inertial GEI coordinatesystem. GEI coordinates have the z axis pointing along the axis ... a right hand rule right handed coordinatesystem. Like the polar variants described above, the direction ... geo sys.htm title Geocentric coordinate systems ref ref cite url http www.iki.rssi.ru vprokhor coords.htm title Space physics coordinate systems ref ref cite url http dawn.ucla.edu personnel russell papers gct1.html title Geophysical Coordinate Transformations author Christopher T. Russell ref See also Celestial coordinatesystem Polar distance astronomy References reflist Celestial coordinate systems Category Celestial coordinatesystem ast Coordenaes ecuatoriales ca Coordenades equatorials ... The latitude latitudinal angle of the equatorial system is called declination Dec for short ... GEI coordinate frame at that epoch. GEI systems are also sometimes True of Date . This means that the epoch at the exact moment at which the data is collected is used as the epoch of the coordinatesystem. The direction of the x axis is also described as the first point of the constellation Aries constellation Aries . This system is often used for describing the state vector s of spacecraft as well ... more details
plane with origin at the Sun The International Astronomical Union IAU defined the galactic coordinatesystem in reference to the Equatorial coordinatesystem in 1958 ref replacing an older system introduced in the 1930s. cite web title User Manual The Galactic CoordinateSystem work Where is M13 ... sky makes the galactic coordinatesystem very useful for coordinating surveys, both those which ... a coordinatesystem centered on the Sun s location. While its planets orbit counterclockwise, the Sun ... Supergalactic coordinatesystem Celestial coordinatesystem Digital Universe Atlas Galaxy formation ... of the Universe Celestial coordinate systems Category Celestial coordinatesystem Category Milky Way ...&dq 22galactic coordinate 22 page 32 Figure 8 author Peter Duffett Smith title Practical Astronomy with Your ... 0691025657 year 1998 publisher Princeton University Press ref The equivalent system referred to as J2000 ... here at the location of our solar system of 200 million years cycle. At other locations the galaxy ... convcoord.pl Universal coordinate converter . Fiona Vincent, http star www.st and.ac.uk fv webnotes ... de coordonn es galactiques is Vetrarbrautarhnit it Sistema di coordinate galattiche lt Galaktin koordina i ... more details
Image Horizontal coordinatesystem 2.png framed HORIZONTAL COORDINATES. Azimuth , from the North point red also from the South point toward the West blue . Altitude , green. The horizontal coordinatesystem is a celestial coordinatesystem that uses the observer s local horizon as the Fundamental plane spherical coordinates fundamental plane . This coordinatesystem divides the sky into the upper sphere hemisphere where objects are visible, and the lower hemisphere where objects cannot be seen since the earth is in the way. The pole of the upper hemisphere is called the zenith . The pole of the lower hemisphere is called the nadir . ref cite web url http abyss.uoregon.edu js ast121 lectures lec03.html title Earth CoordinateSystem last Schombert first James publisher University of Oregon Department of Physics accessdate 19 March 2011 ref The horizontal coordinates are Altitude Alt , sometimes referred to as elevation disambiguation elevation , that is the angle between the object and the observer s local horizon. Azimuth Az , that is the angle of the object around the horizon, usually ... is the complement of altitude i.e. 90 altitude . The horizontal coordinatesystem is sometimes also ... or Alt Az coordinatesystem . General observations The horizontal coordinatesystem is fixed to the Earth .... Transformation of coordinates It is possible to convert from the equatorial coordinatesystem to the horizontal coordinatesystem and back. Define variables as follows &phi geographic latitude ... coordinatesystem Transformation of coordinates Transformation of Coordinates to compute the apparent position of the Sun in horizontal coordinates. See also Celestial coordinatesystem References reflist Celestial coordinate systems Category Horizontal coordinatesystem Category Celestial coordinatesystem ast Coordenaes horizontales ca Coordenades horitzontals el es ... appears to drift across the sky. In addition, because the horizontal system is defined by the observer ... more details
, 3.12MB A geographic coordinatesystem is a coordinatesystem that enables every location on the Earth ... Polar Stereographic UPS coordinate systems both use a metric based cartesian grid laid out on a conformally projected surface to locate positions on the surface of the Earth. The UTM system is not a single map projection but a series of map projections, one for each of sixty zones. The UPS system is used for the polar regions, which are not covered by the UTM system. Stereographic coordinatesystem During medieval times, the stereographic coordinatesystem was used for navigation purposes. Citation needed date December 2007 The stereographic coordinatesystem was superseded by the latitude longitude system. Although no longer used in navigations, the stereographic coordinatesystem is still ... the most appropriate mapping of the spherical coordinatesystem onto that ellipsoid. In the United ... coordinate systems define such a fundamental plane. Datums often encountered Main Geodetic system ... projected in latitude longitude is often represented as a Geographic CoordinateSystem . For example ... Portal Atlas Automotive navigation system Digital Earth Reference Model DERM Geographic coordinate ... Lambert coordinatesystem Map projection Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Notes references group ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Geographic CoordinateSystem Category Geographic coordinate systems Category Cartography ... geogr fiques ceb Koordenadang heograpiko cs Zem pisn sou adnice cy Geographic coordinatesystem ... si Geographic coordinatesystem simple Geographic coordinatesystem sk Geografick s radnicov syst m ... and elevation . ref name OSGB http www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk oswebsite gps docs A Guide to Coordinate Systems in Great Britain.pdf A Guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain v1.7 October 2007 ... fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern ... coordinate Cartesian coordinate. Cartesian coordinates simplify many mathematical calculations ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In cartography , the term Gauss Kr ger , named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Johann Heinrich Louis Kr ger , is used in three slightly different ways. Often, it is just a synonym for the transverse Mercator map map projection projection . Another synonym is Gauss conformal projection . Sometimes, the term is used for a particular computational method for transverse Mercator that is, how to convert between latitude longitude and projected coordinates. There is no simple closed formula to do so when the earth is modelled as an ellipsoid. But the Gauss Kr ger method gives the same results as other methods, at least if you are sufficiently near the central meridian less than 10 degrees of longitude, say. Farther away, some methods become inaccurate. The term is also used for a particular set of transverse Mercator projections used in narrow zones in Europe and South America, at least in Germany, Austria, Finland and Argentina. This Gauss Kr ger system is similar to the universal transverse Mercator system, but the central meridians of the Gauss Kr ger zones are only 3 apart, as opposed to 6 in UTM. As a consequence, the scale variation within a Gauss Kr ger zone is about 1 4 of what it is in a UTM zone. More information on this system can be found on the German Wikipedia. DEFAULTSORT Gauss Kruger Coordinate System Category Geographic coordinate systems Cartography stub de Gau Kr ger Koordinatensystem pl Odwzorowanie Gaussa Kr gera sq Sistemi koordinativ Gau Kr ger sr sv Gauss Kr ger uk ... more details
distinguish Elliptic coordinates The ecliptic coordinatesystem is a celestial coordinatesystem that uses the ecliptic for its fundamental plane spherical coordinates fundamental plane . The ecliptic is the path that the sun appears to follow across the sky over the course of a year. It is also the projection of the Earth s Orbital plane astronomy orbital plane onto the celestial sphere . The latitude latitudinal angle is called the ecliptic latitude or celestial latitude denoted , measured positive towards the north. The longitude longitudinal angle is called the ecliptic longitude or celestial longitude denoted , measured eastwards from 0 to 360 . Like right ascension in the equatorial coordinatesystem , 0 ecliptic longitude is pointing towards the Sun from the Earth at the Northern hemisphere vernal equinox . This choice makes the coordinates of the fixed stars subject to shifts due to the precession of the equinoxes precession , so that always a reference epoch should be specified. Usually J2000 epoch J2000.0 is taken, but the instantaneous equinox of the day called the epoch of date is possible too. This coordinatesystem can be particularly useful for charting solar system objects. Most planets except Mercury planet Mercury , and many small solar system bodies have orbits with small inclinations to the ecliptic plane, and therefore their ecliptic latitude is always small. Because of the planets small deviation from the plane of the ecliptic, ecliptic coordinates were used historically to compute their positions. Aaboe 2001, 17 19 Conversion between celestial coordinate systems In the formulas below and are the ecliptic longitude and ecliptic latitude, respectively and are the right ascension and declination , respectively 23 26 21.406 is the Earth .... ISBN 0 935702 68 7 See also Ecliptic pole s, where the ecliptic latitude is 90 Celestial coordinatesystem Celestial coordinate systems Category Celestial coordinatesystem ca Coordenades ecl ptiques ... more details
the knot DEFAULTSORT Barycentric CoordinateSystem Mathematics Category Linear algebra Category Affine ... on tetrahedra Barycentric coordinates may be easily extended to coordinate space three dimensions ... fr Coordonn es barycentriques it Coordinate baricentriche he nl Barycentrische ... more details
The Modified Transverse Mercator MTM geographic coordinatesystemcoordinatesystem is a metric grid based method of specifying locations, similar to the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinatesystem . MTM uses a Transverse Mercator projection with zones spaced 3 of longitude apart. The coordinatesystem is used in Eastern Canada . External links http pages.globetrotter.net roule mtmNotes.htm MTM Notes Cartography stub Category Geographic coordinate systems ... more details
Object Locative Environment CoordinateSystem , known as OLE CoordinateSystem , is a CoordinateSystem used for virtual environments in which movement constraints are not only defined by the 3D coordinates of objects but by the position of the camera, as well. This technology was created by Jun Fujiki. The system projects screen objects to 2D coordinates using the camera position using a projection matrix and utilizes these coordinates to impart movement constraints to the objects of the system. Echochrome , a game for the PlayStation 3 PS3 and PlayStation Portable PSP , uses this technique as an entertainment factor. See also Coordinatesystem External links http tserve01.aid.design.kyushu u.ac.jp fujiki ole coordinatesystem index.html OLE CoordinateSystem http tserve01.aid.design.kyushu u.ac.jp fujiki Jun Fujiki s web site http www.youtube.com watch?v SM4BTpVikeI Demo video of OLE Category Virtual reality tech stub ... more details
system MGRS . Here is an http geographiclib.sourceforge.net cgi bin GeoConvert online version of GeoConvert . Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Universal Polar Stereographic CoordinateSystem Category Geographic coordinate systems ca Projecci estereogr fica polar de Universale Polare ... more details
The Universal Transverse Mercator UTM geographic coordinatesystem is a grid based method of specifying ... coordinatesystem . It is a horizontal position representation , i.e. it is used to identify locations ... The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinatesystem was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the 1940s. http www.history.noaa.gov stories tales geod1.html The system was based on an Reference ... Hawaii, the International Ellipsoid was used. Currently, the World Geodetic System WGS84 ellipsoid is used as the underlying model of Earth in the UTM coordinatesystem. Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinatesystem, several European nations demonstrated the utility ... based system of Geographic coordinatesystem latitude and longitude . In the post war years ... UTM UPS coordinatesystem, which is a global or universal system of grid based maps. The transverse ... is the map projection used by UTM. The Universal Polar Stereographic coordinatesystem are used ... of latitude and longitude in several respects. The UTM system is not a single map projection . The system ... zone Image Utm zones.svg thumb right Simplified view of US UTM zones. The UTM system divides the surface ... direction. Each of the 60 longitude zones in the UTM system is based on a transverse Mercator projection ... are not a part of UTM, but rather a part of Military grid reference system MGRS ref cite web date ... reference system . A note of caution A method also is used that simply adds N or S following the zone ... coordinates A position on the Earth is referenced in the UTM system by the UTM zone, and the easting and northing coordinate pair. The easting is the projected distance of the position eastward from ... 2 frac A 4 24 61 58T T 2 frac A 6 720 Big Big math center See also The Military grid reference system ... grid reference system MGRS . Here is an http geographiclib.sourceforge.net cgi bin GeoConvert online ... provides conversions between geodetic DMS , UTM, PS, and MGRS. Category Geographic coordinate systems ... more details
Taxobox name Cylindrical lanternshark image Etmopterus carteri.JPG image caption status DD status system IUCN3.1 trend regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Chondrichthyes subclassis Elasmobranchii ordo Squaliformes familia Dalatiidae genus Etmopterus species E. carteri range map Etmopterus carteri distmap.png range map width 200px range map caption Range of the cylindrical lanternshark in blue binomial Etmopterus carteri binomial authority Springer & Burgess, 1985 Portal Sharks The cylindrical lanternshark , Etmopterus carteri , is a shark of the family biology family Dalatiidae found along the Caribbean coast of Colombia in South America , at depths of between 285 and 355 m. Its maximum length is 21 cm. Reproduction is presumed to be ovoviviparous . References FishBase species genus Etmopterus species carteri month July year 2006 Leonard Compagno Compagno , Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World , Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005 ISBN 0 691 12072 2 Selachimorpha D. DEFAULTSORT Cylindrical Lanternshark Category Dalatiidae ca Etmopterus carteri de Zylindrischer Laternenhai es Etmopterus carteri ... more details
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