Cyclostome is a biology biological term from the Greek language Greek for round mouth used in a few different senses for the taxon Cyclostomata , which comprises the extant Agnatha jawless fishes the hagfish Myxini and the lamprey s Petromyzontidae . This was thought for a time to be a paraphyletic group and this usage of the term was deprecated by some. However, there is strong molecular evidence for cyclostome monophyly ref cite journal last Stock first David coauthors Whitt GS title Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfishes form a natural group journal Science date 7 year 1992 month August volume 257 issue 5071 doi 10.1126 science.1496398 url http www.sciencemag.org content 257 5071 787.short accessdate 22 November 2011 ref , and thus the term remains in use. for the Order Cyclostomatida of bryozoans, tiny animals that live in colonies and form large calcitic skeletons for one of two subgroups of Braconidae braconid wasps disambig fr Cyclostome pt Cyclostomata desambigua o references journal last Stock first David coauthors Whitt GS title Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfishes form a natural group journal Science date 7 year 1992 month August volume 257 issue 5071 doi 10.1126 science.1496398 url http www.sciencemag.org content 257 5071 787.short accessdate 22 November 2011 references ... more details
The word Buria can refer to Buria , an Indian municipality Buria clan , an Indian gotra Buria, a Slovenian surname Buria, the Russian word for Storm tempest Buria bryozoan , an extinct genus of Cyclostomata cyclostome Bryozoan disambig ... more details
wikispecies Articulata has four meanings in zoology Articulata Brachiopoda , one of two main divisions of the brachiopods having two valves with an articulating hinge Articulata Crinoidea , a subclass of crinoids, the only such to survive past the Paleozoic era Articulata Cyclostomata , a group of Cyclostomatida cyclostome bryozoans, also known as Articulina Articulata Hypothesis , a higher taxon of animals with segmented bodies, consisting of Annelida and Panarthropoda Taxonomy disambiguation es Articulata pl Articulata ru Articulata sk Articulata ... more details
Orphan date September 2006 att March 2011 The holonephros is the kidney of the larva e of Agnatha cyclostome s and some amphibian s. The entire mass of nephrogenic tissue gives rise to this kidney, which is usually of simple form with a single Nephron Renal tubule tubule in each segment. External links http www.lander.edu rsfox 30urogenitalLec.html Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, BIOLOGY 308, Urogenital System, Richard Fox, Lander University Category Urinary system cs Holonefros ... more details
Elea may refer to Elea, ancient name of an Italian ndash Greek colony, now known as Velia Eleatics , school of pre Socratic philosophers at Elea Elea, Kyrenia , a settlement of Cyprus in Kyrenia District Elea, Nicosia , a settlement of Cyprus in Nicosia District Olivetti Elea , a mainframe computer manufactured from 1959 through 1964 Elea bryozoan , an extinct genus of Cyclostomata cyclostome Bryozoan See also Velia disambiguation geodis bg ca Elea de Elea Begriffskl rung el fr l e homonymie no Elea pl Elea sh Elea ... more details
In the bryozoa n order Cheilostomata , the operculum is a calcareous or Chitin chitinous lid like structure that protects the opening through which the polypide protrudes. Many species have modified the operculum in specialized zooid s avicularia to form a range of mandible s probably for defense or hair like seta e probably for cleaning, or in some unattached species, such as Selenaria , for locomotion ref Cook, P.L. & Chimonides, P.J. 1987. Recent and fossil Lunulitidae Bryozoa, Cheilostomata , 7. Selenaria maculata Busk and allied species from Australasia. Journal of Natural Historia 21 933 966 ref . The Cyclostomatida cylcostome family Eleidae also convergent evolution convergently evolved an opercular structure during the Early Cretaceous to Paleocene ref Taylor, P.D. 1994. Systematics of the melicerititid cyclostome bryozoans introduction and the genera Elea , Semielea and Repromultelea . Bulletin of the Natural history Museum, Geology Series 50 1 103 ref . References reflist bryozoan stub Category Bryozoans ... more details
wiktionarypar cava Cava TOCright Cava may refer to Places Cava, Lleida , a Spanish municipality in the community of Catalonia Cava, Orkney , one of the Orkney Islands Cava de Tirreni , Italian town and municipality of the province of Salerno La Trinit della Cava or Badia di Cava , Benedictine abbey located near Cava de Tirreni S.S. Cavese 1919 Cavese , Italian football club based in Cava de Tirreni Cava Manara , Italian municipality of the province of Pavia 505 Cava , a Main Belt asteroid People Osvaldo Cavandoli or Cava, an Italian cartoonist Education California Virtual Academies CAVA , a virtual public charter school located in California, United States Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts CAVA , a visual art school of India Wine Cava Spanish wine , Spanish Sparkling wine Cava sparkling wine . Cava Greek wine , a type of Epitrapezios Oinos, Greek wine s category. Other meanings La Cava Bible , Latin illuminated Bible Venae cavae , the caval vein Cava bryozoan , an extinct genus of Cyclostomata cyclostome Bryozoan See also Kava disambiguation Cave disambiguation disambig ca Cava fr Cava gl Cava it Cava pl Cava ujednoznacznienie pt Cava ... more details
The avicularium pl. avicularia in Cheilostomata cheilostome bryozoa ns is a modified, non feeding zooid. The Operculum bryozoa operculum , which normally closes the orifice when the zooids tentacles are retracted, has been modified to become a mandible. Strong muscles operate it. The polypide is greatly reduced, and the indiviual receives nourishment from neighboring zooids. The shape of the avicularian zooid can be identical to the feeding autozooid , but is usually elongated in the direction of the mandible. Avicularia are categorised by their position relative to the autozooids. Vicarious avicularia effectively replace an autozooid in the colony structure and are usually a similar size and shape as the autozooids. Interzooidal avicularia are wedged between autozooids but do not replace an autozooid. Adventitious avicularia are placed somewhere on the external frontal wall of an autozooid and are usually much smaller. The birds head avicularium e.g. Bugula is elevated above the colony by a stalk peduncle . A zooid where the operculum is modified into a very long, hair like structure is called a vibraculum . The Cyclostomatida cylcostome family Eleidae , which convergent evolution convergently evolved an opercular structure during the Early Cretaceous to Paleocene ref Taylor, P.D. 1994. Systematics of the melicerititid cyclostome bryozoans introduction and the genera Elea , Semielea and Repromultelea . Bulletin of the Natural history Museum, Geology Series 50 1 103 ref , also possess avicularia like zooids. References reflist Category Bryozoans bryozoan stub ... more details
. The cyclostome hypothesis , on the other hand, holds that lampreys and hagfishes are more closely ... DNA Sequences Strongly Supports the Cyclostome Monophyly journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ... while most molecular phylogenies have supported the cyclostome hypothesis. ref name Kuraku 2009b ref .... ref name Yalden 1985 cite journal year 1985. title Feeding mechanisms as evidence for cyclostome ... an obstacle to the cyclostome hypothesis. ref name Kuratani & Ota 2008 cite journal year 2008. title ... more details
cheilostomes . However, almost all cyclostome species have enlarged zooids gonozooid s for brooding ... day cyclostome bryozoans are exclusively marine and wikt stenohaline stenohaline , with most species ..., M. J. 2000. Skeletal ultrastructure and phylogeny of cyclostome bryozoans . Zoological Journal ... more details
ecology stub June 2011 Sclerobionts are collectively known as organisms living in or on any kind of hard substrate Taylor and Wilson, 2003 . A few examples of sclerobionts include Entobia borings, Gastrochaenolites borings, Oichnus borings, Talpina borings, serpulids, encrusting oysters, encrusting foraminiferans , Stomatopora bryozoans , and Berenicea bryozoans. gallery Image EntobiaVoigtoporaCoonCreek.jpg Entobia sponge borings and the cyclostome bryozoan Voigtopora thurni on an oyster valve from the Coon Creek Beds of the Ripley Formation Upper Cretaceous near Blue Springs, Mississippi. Image BoredEncrustedShell.JPG Another example of Entobia sponge borings and encrusting serpulid worms on a modern shell of the bivalve Mercenaria in North Carolina. Image GastrochaenolitesMatmor.jpg Gastrochaenolites boring in a recrystallized scleractinia n coral, Matmor Formation Middle Jurassic of southern Israel . This is an example of a boring sclerobiont. Image SerpulidsPecten.JPG Serpulid worms enrusting Pecten sp. Duck Harbor Beach on Cape Cod Bay, Wellfleet, Massachusetts. gallery See also References cite journal last Taylor first P. D. coauthors Wilson, M. A. year 2003 title Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities url http www3.wooster.edu geology Taylor 26Wilson2003.pdf journal Earth Science Reviews volume 62 issue 1 2 pages 1 103 doi 10.1016 S0012 8252 02 00131 9 External links Commons Category Bioerosion http www3.wooster.edu geology Bioerosion Bioerosion.html Bioerosion Website at The College of Wooster Category Biological processes Category Ecology ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Hexapoda classis Insect a subclassis Pterygota infraclassis Neoptera superordo Endopterygota ordo Hymenoptera subordo Apocrita superfamilia Ichneumonoidea familia Braconidae subfamilia Doryctinae subfamilia authority subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Numerous, see Selected genera text The Doryctinae or doryctine wasps are a large subfamily of braconid parasitic wasp s Braconidae with a worldwide distribution except the polar region s . ref name stevensetal2008 Stevens et al. 2008 ref Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. This subfamily is presumably part of a clade containing otherwise any or all of the Alysiinae , Braconinae , Gnamptodontinae , Opiinae and Ypsistocerinae , and might be most closely related to the last one of these whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known with certainty. Description and ecology Doryctine wasps are found across almost the entire size range of Braconidae some species are quite large by the family biology family s standards, and even in the small species the head is massive and the body, while slender, remarkably elongated. Also, Doryctinae tend to be small winged many have very much reduced wings, and numerous species in this family are unable to fly or even lack wings entirely. They have a characteristic row of stout spines running lengthwise along the foreleg arthropod leg tibia , and a cyclostome depression above the mandible arthropod mandible s. ref name stevensetal2008 Like the Mesostoinae a small subfamily endemism endemic to Australia , some Doryctinae are known to form gall s on plants. In general however, they are koinobiont s, as is usual for Braconidae. The food of the koinobiont Doryctinae larva e are most often the larvae of wood boring beetle s &ndash such as jewel beetle s Buprestidae &ndash , on which the wasp larvae feed as ectoparasitoid s. Other species parasitize lepidoptera n butterfly ... more details
analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly supports the cyclostome monophyly. journal ... mpev.2001.1045 ref strongly supports the theory that living agnathans, known as cyclostome s, are monophyletic ... strongly supports the cyclostome monophyly. journal Molecular phylogenetics and evolution volume ... more details
burgeri The Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Strongly Supports the Cyclostome .... Vision Research, 15, 253 259. Hardisty, M. W. 1982 . Lampreys and hagfishes Analysis of cyclostome ... 1985 . Feeding mechanisms as evidence for cyclostome monophyly. Zoological Journal of the Linnean ... more details
, J.S. title Cyclostome bryozoans publisher Linnean Society of London year 1985 pages 7 chapter Key ... stellatus and the thin branching cyclostome bryozoan Corynotrypa . Kope Formation, northern Kentucky ... more details
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