is an important destabilizing effect, as well. The strain energy of a cycloalkane is the theoretical ... standard enthalpy change of combustion of the cycloalkane with the value calculated using average ... cycloalkane s. Cycloalkanes can be formed in a Diels Alder reaction followed by a catalytic hydrogenation ... ar cs Cykloalkany de Cycloalkane el es Cicloalcano fa fr Cycloalcane ... sq Cikloalkan simple Cycloalkane sk Cykloalk n sr fi Sykloalkaanit sv Cykloalkan ... more details
Cyclo may refer to Cycle rickshaw Cyclo film , a 1995 Vietnamese film Cyclo album , a 2001 album by Ryoji Ikeda and Carsten Nicolai A chemical compound with a cyclic structure such as a cycloalkane Cyclo cross bicycle Cyclo Industries disambig fr Cyclo homonymie ja ... more details
Expand Greek 1,2 date March 2010 chembox verifiedrevid 410949157 ImageFileL1 1 2 DimethylCyclopropane.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 Dimethylcyclopropane.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName 1,2 Dimethylcyclopropane OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 92890 InChI 1 C5H10 c1 4 3 5 4 2 h4 5H,3H2,1 2H3 InChIKey VKJLDXGFBJBTRQ UHFFFAOYAK StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H10 c1 4 3 5 4 2 h4 5H,3H2,1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VKJLDXGFBJBTRQ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite ?? ?? CASNo 2511 95 7 PubChem 102832 SMILES CC1CC1C RTECS Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 10 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPtC Solubility pKa pKb Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds cyclopropane , cyclopentane 1,2 Dimethylcyclopropane is a cycloalkane consisting of a cyclopropane ring and two methyl groups. It has two geometric isomers E and Z , depending on the position of its two methyl groups. As with other cyclopropanes, ring tension results in a relatively unstable compound. 1,2 Dimethylcyclopropane is 1 of 10 structural isomer s cycloalkane s and aliphatic alkene s which share the general formula of C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub . The others being cyclopentane , methylcyclobutane , 1,1 dimethylcyclopropane , ethylcyclopropane , 1 pentene , 2 pentene , 2 methyl 1 butene , 3 methyl 1 butene , and 2 Methyl 2 butene 2 methyl 2 butene . See also Alkyl cycloalkane DEFAULTSORT Dimethylcyclopropane, 1,2 Category Cyclopropanes Category Hydrocarbons el 1,2 nl 1,2 dimethylcyclopropaan ... more details
Naphthenic oil is a type of mineral oil . In contrast with paraffin ic oils, naphthenic oils contain only low to no proportion of n alkane s, being based on cycloalkane s naphthenes instead. The low temperature behavior of naphthenic oils is better than of paraffinic oils, making them suitable for applications that require low pour point . The degradation products of naphthenic oils are soluble in the oils, leading to fewer problems with formations of sludge s and deposits. Naphthenic oils have different solvent properties than paraffinic oils. Naphthenic oils are characterized by high proportion of cyclic hydrocarbon fraction. The convention is that when the paraffinic carbon content is less than 55 60 , the oil is labeled as naphthenic. http www.imakenews.com lng e article000501390.cfm?x b9WGFMC,bd1Rfpn,w The principal uses of naphthenic oils are as transformer oil s, coolant s, solvent s, cutting fluid s, and some lubricant s. See also Naphthene Naphthenic acid Naphtha Category Petroleum products Category Oils Category Hydrocarbon solvents Category Coolants ... more details
Cyclitols are cycloalkane s containing one hydroxyl group on three or more ring atoms. They are cyclic polyol s. Cyclitols are one of the Osmoprotectant compatible solutes which are formed in a plant as a response to salt or water stress. Some cyclitol e.g quinic acid quinic or shikimic acid are parts of hydrolysable tannin s. Naturally occurring cyclitols Bornesitol Conduritol Inositol Ononitol 4 O methyl myo inositol Pinitol 3 O methyl chiro inositol Pinpollitol di O methyl chiro inositol Quebrachitol 2 0 methyl chiro inositol Quinic acid Shikimic acid Valienol Viscumitol dimethyl ether muco inositol Glycosides Ciceritol , a pinitol digalactoside See also wiktionary cyclitol Aminocyclitol References reflist External links http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iupac cyclitol Nomenclature of Cyclitols on chem.qmul.ac.uk http chemicalland21.com info CYCLITOL 20MOLECULES.htm List of cyclitol molecules on chemicalland21.com Category Cyclitols fr Cyclitol ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atom s, but has no aromaticity aromatic character. Some cycloalkenes, such as cyclobutene and cyclopentene , can be used as monomer s to produce polymer chains. Unless the rings are very large, cycloalkenes are always the Cis trans isomerism cis isomers , and the term cis is omitted from the names. In a large ring, a Cis trans isomerism trans double bond may occur, giving a trans cycloalkene. Examples gallery Image Cyclopropene 2D skeletal.svg Cyclopropene Image Cyclobutene.svg Cyclobutene Image Cyclopentene.svg Cyclopentene Image cyclohexene.png Cyclohexene Image Cycloheptene.svg Cycloheptene Image 1 3 cyclohexadiene.png 1,3 Cyclohexadiene Image 1 4 cyclohexadiene.png 1,4 Cyclohexadiene Image 1,5 Cyclooctadiene.svg 1,5 Cyclooctadiene gallery See also Olefin Cycloalkyne Cycloalkane Hydrocarbons Cycloalkenes Category Cycloalkenes Orgchem stub ar ca Cicloalqu de Cycloalkene es Cicloalqueno fr Cycloalc ne hu Cikloalk nek nl Cycloalkeen ja pl Cykloalkeny pt Cicloalceno sk Cykloalk n sr Cikloalken sv Cykloalken zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414090033 Name Cycloheptane ImageFileL1 cycloheptane.svg ImageSizeL1 110px ImageAltL1 Skeletal formula ImageFileR1 Cycloheptane 3D balls.png ImageSizeR1 130px ImageAltR1 Ball and stick model Section1 Chembox Identifiers SMILES C1CCCCCC1 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8908 PubChem 9265 InChI 1 C7H14 c1 2 4 6 7 5 3 1 h1 7H2 InChIKey DMEGYFMYUHOHGS UHFFFAOYAF ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 453194 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C7H14 c1 2 4 6 7 5 3 1 h1 7H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey DMEGYFMYUHOHGS UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 291 64 5 Section2 Chembox Properties C 7 H 14 Density 0.8110 g cm sup 3 sup Solubility Immiscible Solvent ethanol SolubleOther Miscible MeltingPtC 12 BoilingPtC 118.4 Viscosity Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass Flammable F br Harmful Xn br Dangerous for br the environment N br Severe eye irritant, may cause corneal clouding FlashPt 6 C NFPA H 1 NFPA F 3 NFPA R Section8 Chembox Related Function cycloalkane s OtherFunctn Cyclohexane Cyclooctane Cycloheptane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula Carbon C sub 7 sub Hydrogen H sub 14 sub . Cycloheptane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry and as an intermediate goods intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs. It may be derived by Clemmensen reduction from cycloheptanone . Cycloheptane vapour is irritating to the eyes and may cause respiratory depression if inhaled in large quantity. ref name hpcp cite book last Mackay first Donald authorlink coauthors title Handbook of Physical chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals publisher CRC Press date 2006 location pages url http books.google.com books?id wjd nEugVskC doi id isbn 1566706874 ref References references cycloalkanes Category Cycloalkanes Category Hydrocarbon solvents hydrocarbon stub cs Cykloheptan de Cycloheptan es Cicloheptano fr Cyc ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414091056 Name Cyclooctane ImageFile1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFile1 Regular octagon.svg ImageSize1 120px ImageAlt1 Skeletal formula Section1 Chembox Identifiers SMILES C1CCCCCCC1 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8909 PubChem 9266 InChI 1 C8H16 c1 2 4 6 8 7 5 3 1 h1 8H2 InChIKey WJTCGQSWYFHTAC UHFFFAOYAO ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 452651 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H16 c1 2 4 6 8 7 5 3 1 h1 8H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey WJTCGQSWYFHTAC UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 292 64 8 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula Carbon C sub 8 sub Hydrogen H sub 16 sub MolarMass 112.21 g mol Density 0.834 g cm sup 3 sup Solubility 7.90 mg L MeltingPt 14.59 C BoilingPt 149 C Section8 Chembox Related Function cycloalkane s OtherFunctn Cycloheptane Cyclooctane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula CH sub 2 sub sub 8 sub . ref name Mackay It is a simple colourless hydrocarbon , but it is often a reference compound for saturated eight membered ring compounds in general. Conformation The conformational isomer conformation has been studied extensively using computational chemistry computational methods. Hendrickson noted that cyclooctane is unquestionably the conformationally most complex cycloalkane owing to the existence of many conformers of comparable energy. The boat chair conformation I is the most stable form. ref name Hendrickson1967 This conformation was confirmed by Allinger and co workers. ref name Dorofeeva1985 The crown conformation ref name IUPAC Crown II is slightly less stable. Among the many compounds exhibiting the crown conformation structure II is S sub 8 sub , elemental sulfur . center align center class wikitable colspan 2 style text align center center File Cyclooctane BoatChairAndCrown.png 400px alt Skeletal formulas of both conformations center center File Cyclooctane boat chair 3D balls.png 160px alt Ball and ... more details
Image Cyclopropane.png thumb 150px right Cyclopropane is the smallest alicyclic compound. An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both Aliphatic compound aliphatic and cyclic compound cyclic . They contain one or more all carbon rings which may be either saturation chemistry saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromaticity aromatic character. ref GoldBookRef title Alicyclic compounds file A00216 year 1995 ref Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached. The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkane s cyclopropane , cyclobutane , cyclopentane , cyclohexane , cycloheptane , cyclooctane , cyclononane , cyclodecane , cycloundecane , cyclododecane , and so on. Bicyclic molecule Bicyclic alkanes include bicycloundecane and decalin . Polycyclic compound Polycyclic alkanes include cubane , basketane , and housane . Spiro compound s have two or more rings that are connected through only one carbon atom. An exocyclic group is always shown outside the ring structure, take for instance the exocyclic double bond on the left Image Exocyclic.png 200px Left exocyclic double bond Right regular double bond br style clear both See for an example isotoluene . The placement of double bonds in many alicyclic compounds can be predicted with Bredt s rule . The mode of ring closing in the formation of many alicyclic compounds can be predicted by Baldwin s rules . Cycloalkenes Image Cyclohexene.png thumb right Cyclohexene is an alicyclic compound with a double bond. Monocyclic cycloalkene s are cyclopropene , cyclobutene , cyclopentene , cyclohexene , cycloheptene , cyclooctene , and so on. Bicyclic alkenes include norbornene and norbornadiene . References references Category Organic compounds Category Organic chemistry ar ca Compost alic clic de Alicyclische Verbindungen et Alits klilised hendid el fa fr Compos alicyclique he hu Aliciklusos vegy let ... more details
Chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 460110036 Reference ref http www.sigmaaldrich.com catalog ProductDetail.do?N4 155330 ALDRICH&N5 SEARCH CONCAT PNO BRAND KEY&F SPEC Cyclodecane at Sigma Aldrich ref IUPACName cyclodecane ImageFile Cyclodecane.png ImageSize 160 ImageAlt Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Cyclodecane 3D balls.png ImageSize1 160 ImageAlt1 Ball and stick model OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C10H20 c1 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 h1 10H2 InChIKey LMGZGXSXHCMSAA UHFFFAOYAE CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 293 96 9 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8910 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H20 c1 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 h1 10H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LMGZGXSXHCMSAA UHFFFAOYSA N PubChem 9267 SMILES C1CCCCCCCCC1 MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 20 sub MolarMass 140.27 g mol Appearance colorless liquid Density 0.871 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 9 10 C BoilingPtC 201 Section3 Chembox Hazards FlashPt 65 C Cyclodecane is a cycloalkane with the chemical formula C sub 10 sub H sub 20 sub . References reflist External links cite journal doi 10.1021 ja973116c title Conformational Study of Cyclodecane and Substituted Cyclodecanes by Dynamic NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Methods year 1998 author Diwakar M. Pawar Sumona V. Smith Hugh L. Mark Rhonda M. Odom, Eric A. Noe journal Journal of the American Chemical Society volume 120 pages 10715 issue 41 hydrocarbon stub cycloalkanes Category Cycloalkanes cs Cyklodekan fr Cyclod cane hu Ciklodek n mk nl Cyclodecaan ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 415869317 Reference ref ICSC 1245 12 ref ref http www.cheric.org kdb kdb hcprop showprop.php?cmpid 9 Chemical and physical properties table ref Name Nonane ImageFile1 Nonane 2D Skeletal.svg ImageSize1 255px ImageName1 Skeletal formula ImageFile2 Nonane 3D balls B.png ImageSize2 255px ImageName2 Ball and stick model ImageName Nonane Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChEBI Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEBI 32892 SMILES CCCCCCCCC InChI 1 C9H20 c1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 h3 9H2,1 2H3 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 335900 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H20 c1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 h3 9H2,1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BKIMMITUMNQMOS UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 111 84 2 PubChem 8141 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 7849 RTECS RA6115000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 20 sub MolarMass 128.2 g mol Appearance colorless liquid Density 0.718 g ml, liquid Solubility Immiscible MeltingPt &minus 53 C 220 K BoilingPt 151 C 424 K Viscosity Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass Flammable F FlashPt 31 C Section8 Chembox Related Function alkane s OtherFunctn Octane br Decane Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C sub 9 sub H sub 20 sub . Nonane has 35 structural isomer s. Tripropylene is a mixture of three specific isomers of nonane. Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane , C sub 9 sub H sub 18 sub . Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin , not Greek language Greek . Its former name, enneane , used a Greek prefix. See also Higher alkanes References references External links PGCH 0466 http physchem.ox.ac.uk MSDS NO nonane.html MSDS at Oxford University http www.3rd1000.com chem301 nonane.htm List of isomers of nonane alkanes Category Alkanes hydrocarbon stub ar cs Nonan de N Nonan es Nonano fr Nonane id Nonana it Nonano ku Nonan lv No ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image syn anti.PNG 600px right Ethylene undergoing syn and anti addition In organic chemistry , syn and anti addition are different ways in which two substituents can be added to a double bond or triple bond . This article will use alkene s as examples. Syn addition is the addition of two substituent s to the same side or face of a double bond or triple bond , resulting in a decrease in bond order but an increase in number of substituents. Generally the Substrate chemistry substrate will be an alkene or alkyne . An example of syn addition would be the oxidation of an alkene to a diol via a suitable oxidizing agent such as Osmium tetroxide OsO sub 4 sub or Potassium permanganate KMnO sub 4 sub . Anti addition is in direct contrast to syn addition. In anti addition, two substituents are added to opposite sides or faces of a double bond or triple bond, once again resulting in a decrease in bond order but an increase in number of substituents. The classical example of this is bromination any halogenation of alkenes. Depending on the substrate double bond, addition can have different effects on the molecule. After addition to a alkane straight chain alkene such as Ethene C sub 2 sub H sub 4 sub , the resulting alkane will rapidly and freely rotate around its single sigma bond under normal conditions i.e. room temperature . Thus whether substituents are added to the same side syn or opposite sides anti of a double can usually be ignored due to free rotation. However, if Chirality chemistry chirality or the specific absolute orientation of the substituents needs to be taken into account, knowing the type of addition is significant. Unlike straight chain alkenes, cycloalkane cycloalkene syn addition allows stable addition of substituents to the same side of the ring, where they remain together. The cyclic locked ring structure prevents free rotation. Syn elimination and anti elimination are the reverse processes of syn and anti addition. Thes ... more details
S2 , S9 , S16 , S25 , S33 , S60 , S61 , S62 Section8 Chembox Related Function cycloalkane s OtherFunctn Cyclopentane br Cycloheptane OtherCpds Cyclohexene br Benzene Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular ... arrangement of functional group s in cyclohexane derivatives, and indeed in most cycloalkane ... hexahydrobenzene and hexanaphtene as Alkyl cycloalkane methylcyclopentane , the result of an unexpected ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 444653737 ImageFileL1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFileL1 Cyclopentane2d.png ImageSizeL1 100px ImageAltL1 Skeletal formula ImageFileR1 Cyclopentane3d.png ImageSizeR1 110px ImageAltR1 Space filling model IUPACName Cyclopentane OtherNames pentamethylene Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8896 InChI 1 C5H10 c1 2 4 5 3 1 h1 5H2 InChIKey RGSFGYAAUTVSQA UHFFFAOYAL StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H10 c1 2 4 5 3 1 h1 5H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey RGSFGYAAUTVSQA UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 287 92 3 PubChem 9253 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 23492 SMILES C1CCCC1 RTECS GY2390000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub MolarMass 70.1 g mol Appearance clear, colorless liquid Density 0.751 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 94 C BoilingPtC 49 Solubility pKa 45 pKb Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds cyclopropane , cyclobutane , cyclohexane Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic compound alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub and CAS number 287 92 3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It occurs as a colorless liquid with a petrol like odor . Its melting point is 94 C and its boiling point is 49 C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkane s, being alkane s that have one or more Carbon ring rings of carbon atoms . Image Cyclopentane3D.png thumb left 120px The typical structure of cyclopentane is the envelope conformation. Industrial usage Cyclopentane is used in the manufacture of chemical synthesis synthetic resin s and rubber adhesive s and also as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam, as found in many domestic appliances such as refrigerator s and freezer s, replacing environmentally damaging alt ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 424762396 ImageFileL1 Twistane.png ImageSizeL1 120 ImageAltL1 Skeletal formula ImageFileR1 Twistane 3D balls.png ImageSizeR1 120 ImageAltR1 Ball and stick model IUPACName tricyclo 4.4.0.0 sup 3,8 sup decane OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 253 14 5 EINECS PubChem SMILES C1CC2CC3CCC2CC13 InChI InChI 1 C10H16 c1 2 8 6 9 3 4 10 8 5 7 1 9 h7 10H,1 6H2 RTECS MeSHName ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ATCCode prefix ATCCode suffix ATC Supplemental Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 16 sub MolarMass 136.234 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt 163 164.8 C ref name bw Melting notes BoilingPt Boiling notes Solubility SolubleOther Solvent pKa pKb Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS EUClass EUIndex MainHazards NFPA H NFPA F NFPA R NFPA O RPhrases SPhrases RSPhrases FlashPt Autoignition ExploLimits PEL Twistane IUPAC name tricyclo 4.4.0.0 sup 3,8 sup decane ref name asp Citation last Quinkert first Gerhard author link last2 Egert first2 Ernst author2 link last3 Griesinger first3 Christian author3 link last4 trans. Andrew Beard first4 author4 link publication date date year 1996 title Aspects of Organic Chemistry Structure edition volume series publication place Basel, Switzerland place publisher Helvetica Chimica Acta pages 107 id isbn 3906390152 doi oclc url http books.google.com ?id 8k0y 3MY0WgC accessdate 2008 12 09 ref is an organic chemical compound organic compound with the chemical formula formula Carbon C sub 10 sub Hydrogen H sub 16 sub . It is a cycloalkane and an isomer of the simplest diamondoid , adamantane , and like adamantane, is very Volatility chemistry volatile . Twistane was named for the way its rings are permanently forced into the cyclohexane conformation known as the twist boat . ref name bw Citation last Beyer first Hans author link last2 Walter first2 Wolfgang author2 link last3 trans. Douglas Lloyd first3 author3 link ... more details
carbon bond energy, making it more reactive than other cycloalkane s such as cyclohexane and cyclopentane ... reaction Although cyclopropanes are formally cycloalkane s, they are very reactive due to considerable ... more details
JP 7 Jet Propellant 7, MIL DTL 38219 ref https assist.daps.dla.mil quicksearch basic profile.cfm?ident number 21921 MIL T 38219D Military Specification, Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP 7 ref is a jet fuel developed by the U.S. Air Force for use in supersonic aircraft because of its high flash point and thermal stability. It is the fuel used in the Pratt & Whitney J58 engines, used in the Lockheed Corporation Lockheed SR 71 Blackbird . The air compression of Mach number Mach 3 cruising flight generates very high skin temperatures therefore this special fuel was needed. The story told by Ben Rich in his book Skunk Works is that a lit match can be dropped in a bucket of JP 7 and the fuel will not ignite, and the match will be extinguished although this is common in any low volatility fuel including kerosene and diesel fuel diesel . The Boeing X 51 Waverider uses JP 7 fuel to run the Pratt & Whitney SJY61 scramjet engine, with fuel capacity of some Convert 270 lbs abbr on . ref Cite web title Factsheets X 51A Waverider publisher U.S. Air Force url http www.af.mil information factsheets factsheet.asp?fsID 17986 date 2011 03 23 accessdate 2011 07 25 ref As with the SR 71, the X 51A design also uses fuel to absorb heat from the engine. ref cite web title X 51 Waverider makes Historic Hypersonic Flight publisher Scientific Computing url http www.scientificcomputing.com news DS X 51 Waverider makes Historic Hypersonic Flight 052810.aspx accessdate 2011 07 25 ref JP 7 is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbon s, including alkane s, cycloalkane s, Aromatic hydrocarbon alkylbenzenes , indane s tetralin s, and naphthalene s, with addition of fluorocarbon s to increase its lubricant properties, an oxidizing agent to make it burn better, and a cesium containing compound known as A 50, which aided in disguising the radar signature of the exhaust plume. The Blackbirds used approximately 36,000 44,000 pounds of fuel per hour of flight. It s estimated that over 20,000,000,000 20 ... more details
Image Fulvalenes general.svg right Fulvalenes A fulvalene is a hydrocarbon obtained by formally cross conjugation cross conjugating two Cycloalkane rings through a common exocyclic alkene double bond . ref The Fulvalenes Brian Halton Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005 , 3391 3414 DOI 10.1002 ejoc.200500231 ref The name is derived from the similarly structured fulvene s which lack one ring. Triapentafulvalene 3 is also known as calicene as in calix or Chalice cup chalice because of its wine glass appearance. In general, the parent fulvalenes are very unstable and for instance the parent triafulvalene 1 has not even been synthesized. On the other hand stable fulvalenes can be obtained by proper substituent substitution or benzannulation . Several members should be stabilized taking into account a dipolar mesomer mesomeric form with for instance pentaheptafulvalene 4 , which can be thought of as a tropylium ion joined to a cyclopentadienyl anion both stable and aromatic . In this compound the dipolar structure is calculated to contribute 23 to the total structure. Pentafulvalene Chembox verifiedrevid 443829133 OtherNames Bicyclopentyliden 2,4,2 ,4 tetraene br 1,1 Bi cylopentadienylidene br Pentafulvalene br Bicyclopentadienylidene br 5,5 Bicyclopentadienylidene ImageFile1 Fulvalen.png ImageSize1 180 ImageAlt1 Skeletal formula ImageFile2 Pentafulvalene 3D spacefill.png ImageSize2 180 ImageAlt2 Space filling model Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 9083553 PubChem 10908294 InChI 1 C10H8 c1 2 6 9 5 1 10 7 3 4 8 10 h1 8H InChIKey XEOSBIMHSUFHQH UHFFFAOYAP ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 51994 SMILES C 1 C C C C 1 C2 C C C C2 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H8 c1 2 6 9 5 1 10 7 3 4 8 10 h1 8H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XEOSBIMHSUFHQH UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 91 12 3 Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 8 Pentafulvalene is the member of the ful ... more details
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