Image cyclic delay.jpg thumb right CyclicDelayDiversityCyclicDelayDiversityCyclicDelayDiversity CDD is a diversity scheme used in OFDM based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity avoiding intersymbol interference . CDD was introduced in 2001 and can gain frequency diversity at the receiver without changing the Single Input and Single Output SISO receiver structure. The idea of CDD for OFDM had previously also been submitted as a patent application in September 2000. References Louay M.A. Jalloul and Sam. P. Alex, Evaluation Methodology and Performance of an IEEE 802.16e System , Presented to the IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Society, Orange County Joint Chapter ComSig , December 7, 2006. Available at http chapters.comsoc.org comsig meet.html A. Dammann and S. Kaiser. Performance of low complex antenna diversity techniques for mobile OFDM systems. In Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Multi Carrier Spread Spectrum & Related Topics MC SS 2001 , Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, pages 53 64, Sept. 2001. http www.springer.com dal home generic search results?SGWID 1 40109 22 33345316 0 ISBN 0 7923 7653 6. P. Larsson, CyclicDelayDiversity for Mitigating ISI in OFDM systems , filed 22nd of September 2000 http www.wipo.int patentscope search docservicepdf pct 090063618006bee2?download First filed patent application , PCT Biblio. data from http www.wipo.int patentscope search en detail.jsf?docId WO2002025857&recNum 1&docAn SE2001001703&maxRec 1&office &prevFilter &sortOption &queryString FP 3A 28peter larsson 22cyclic delaydiversity 22 29&tab PCT Biblio. Data WIPO . See also OFDM diversity scheme Category Radio resource management telecomm stub ... more details
wiktionary diversity wikiquote Science and technology Biodiversity , the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Diversity Index , a statistic intended to assess the diversity of any population in which each member belongs to a unique group, type or species. Diversity scheme , a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using multiple communications channels. Antenna diversity , a method of wireless communication that use two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of the link. Sociology, economics, law, and politics Multiculturalism , or ethnic diversity, the promotion of multiple ethnic cultures Diversity business , the business tactic which encourages diversity to better serve a heterogeneous customer base Diversity politics , the political and social policy of encouraging tolerance for people of different backgrounds Diversity jurisdiction , a concept under which U.S. federal courts can hear suits between parties from different states Diversification finance involves spreading investments Diversification marketing strategy is a corporate strategy to decrease market penetration Team composition Other Diversity dance troupe , an English dance troupe who won the third series of Britain s Got Talent Diversity training , the process of educating employees, students or volunteers to function in a diverse environment disambig ar bg da Diversitet de Diversit t nl Diversiteit ja pt Diversidade tr e itlilik ... more details
tocright wiktionary delay delayed delaying Delay may refer to Generally Latency disambiguation Response time disambiguation Law Theft Act 1978 Delaying payment of a debt To delay payment of a debt , a crime in the United Kingdom Telecommunications and broadcasting Broadcast delay , a practice of time shifting transmissions Delay encoding , a radio transmission technique Network delay , the delay of an IP packet within an IP network Lag , a term used when a real time application fails to respond in a timely fashion Physics and electronics Propagation delay , a measurement of the time for a signal to reach its destination Delay line disambiguation multiple meanings , one of any technologies for shifting a signal in time Audio Delay audio effect , a technology for producing delayed playback of an audio signal Computer science Delay programming , a programming language construct for delaying evaluation of an expression Sports Delay game , official ruling to abnormally stop a sporting event once it has begun due to circumstances that prevent fairness of play, such as inclement weather. See also Tom DeLay , politician disambig de Delay eo Malfruo fr Retard he ja ... more details
There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclicCyclic chain rule , for derivatives, used in thermodynamics Cyclic code , linear codes closed under cyclic permutations Cyclic convolution , a method of combining periodic functions Cycle decomposition graph theory Cycle decomposition group theory Cyclic extension , a field extension with cyclic Galois group Cycle graph or cyclic graph is a connected, 2 regular graph Cycle graph algebra , a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements Circulant graph , a graph whose adjacency matrix is circulant Cycle graph theory , a nontrivial path from a node to itself Cyclic group , a group generated by a single element Cyclic homology , an approximation of K theory used in non commutative differential geometry Cyclic module , a module generated by a single element Cyclic notation , a way of writing permutations Cyclic number , a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number Cyclic order , a binary relation for doubly linked lists Cyclic permutation , a permutation with one nontrivial orbit Cyclic polygon , a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle Cyclic shift , also known as circular shift Cyclic symmetry , n fold rotational symmetry of 3 dimensional space See also Cycle disambiguation Cycle mathematics Category Mathematics related lists sv Cyklisk matematik ... more details
Image Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2D skeletal.png thumb Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Image CGMP.png thumb Cyclic guanosine monophosphate A cyclic nucleotide is any nucleotide in which the phosphate group is bonded to two of the sugar s hydroxyl groups, forming a cyclical or ring structure. These include cyclic AMP cyclic GMP cyclic ADP ribose These function as second messenger s associated with G protein s and calcium signaling . External links MeshName Nucleotides, Cyclic Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides Biochem stub et Ts klilised nukleotiidid nl Cyclisch nucleotide no Syklisk nukleotid sr Cikli ni nukleotid ... more details
In mathematics , more specifically in ring theory , a cyclic module is a module mathematics module over a ring which is generated by one element. The term is by analogy with cyclic group s, that is groups which are generated by one element. Definition A left R module M is called cyclic if M can be generated by a single element i.e. M x R x rx r &isin R for some x in M . Similarly, a right R module N is cyclic, if N y R for some y &isin N . Examples Every cyclic group is a cyclic Z module. Every simple module simple R module M is a cyclic module since the submodule generated by any nonzero element x of M is necessarily the whole module M . If the ring R is considered as a left module over itself, then its cyclic submodules are exactly its left principal ideal s as a ring. The same holds for R as a right R module, mutatis mutandis . If R is F x , the ring over polynomials over a field F , and V is an R module which is also a finite dimensional vector space over F, then the Jordan block s of x acting on V are cyclic submodules. The Jordan blocks are all isomorphic to F x x &lambda sup n sup there may also be other cyclic submodules with different annihilators see below. Properties Given a cyclic R module M which is generated by x then there exists a canonical isomorphism between M and R Ann sub R sub x , where Ann sub R sub x denotes the Annihilator ring theory annihilator of x in R . See also cyclic group finitely generated module References cite book author B. Hartley authorlink Brian Hartley coauthors T.O. Hawkes title Rings, modules and linear algebra publisher Chapman and Hall year 1970 isbn 0 412 09810 5 pages 77,152 Pages 147 149 of Lang Algebra edition 3 Category Module theory Abstract algebra stub sv Cyklisk modul fr Module monog ne ... more details
. The processes by which cyclic peptides are formed in cells are not yet fully understood. One interesting property of cyclic peptides, however, is that they tend to be extremely resistant to the process ... makes cyclic peptides attractive to designers of protein based drugs that may be used as scaffolds ... pmid 16543448 External links http www.cybase.org.au Cybase MeshName Cyclic Peptides Category ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 A cyclic permutation or circular permutation is a permutation built from one or more Set mathematics sets of elements in cyclic order . The notion cyclic permutation is used in different, but related ways Definition 1 image 050712 perm 1.png right mapping of permutation A permutation P over a Set mathematics set S with k elements is called a cyclic permutation with offset t if and only if the elements of S may be total order ordered c 1 c 2 ... c k and the mapping of P may be written as p c i c i t for i 1, 2, ..., k &minus t , and p c i c i t &minus k for i k &minus t 1, k &minus t 2, ..., k . Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 1 will be constructed with exactly greatest common divisor gcd k , t disjoint cycles of equal length see cycles and fixed points . Cyclic permutations of definition type 1 are also called rotations , or circular shifts . Example math begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 1 & 8 & 2 end pmatrix begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 & 1 & 2 end pmatrix 1356 2478 math is a cyclic permutation with offset 2. It may be constructed with gcd 8, 2 2 cycles see image. The used order is c 6 7, c 7 6, c i i else. Definition 2 image 050712 perm 2.png right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic ... over a set with k elements is a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 if and only if it is a cyclic ... right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic permutation if and only if only one of the constructing cycles will have length 1. Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 3 may be seen as an union mathematics union of a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 and some fixed point mathematics fixed points . Every cyclic permutation of definition type 2 may be seen as a cyclic ... 4 & 6 & 8 & 3 & 7 & 1 & 2 & 5 end pmatrix 146837 2 5 math See also Cyclic permutation of integer Cycle ... more details
concept cyclic number group theory summary in Repeating decimal Merge from Transposable integer discuss Talk Cyclic number Cyclic permutation of integer date September 2009 A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutation s of the digits are successive multiples of the number. The most ... 142857 × 4 571428 142857 × 5 714285 142857 × 6 857142 Details To qualify as a cyclic number, it is required that successive multiples be cyclic permutations. Thus, the number 076923 would not be considered a cyclic number, even though all cyclic permutations are multiples 076923 ... 5 repeated digits, e.g. 555 repeated cyclic numbers, e.g. 142857142857 If leading zeros are not permitted on numerals, then 142857 is the only cyclic number in decimal Citation needed date May 2011 . Allowing leading zeros, the sequence of cyclic numbers begins 142857 6 digits 0588235294117647 ... digits Relation to repeating decimals Cyclic numbers are related to the Repeating decimal recurring digital representations of unit fractions . A cyclic number of length L is the digital representation ... represent a cyclic number. For example 1 7 0.142857 142857 . Multiples of these fractions exhibit cyclic permutation 1 7 0.142857 142857 2 7 0.285714 285714 3 7 0.428571 428571 4 7 0.571428 571428 5 7 0.714285 714285 6 7 0.857142 857142 . Form of cyclic numbers From the relation to unit fractions, it can be shown that cyclic numbers are of the form math frac b p 1 1 p math where b is the Radix ... that give cyclic numbers are called full reptend prime s or long primes . For example, the case b 10, p 7 gives the cyclic number 142857. Not all values of p will yield a cyclic number using this formula ... possibly several . The first values of p for which this formula produces cyclic numbers in decimal ... contains 37.395.. of the primes. Construction of cyclic numbers Cyclic numbers can be constructed ... the loop. if t p &minus 1 then n is a cyclic number. This procedure works by computing the digits ... more details
In homological algebra , cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are co homology theories for associative algebra s introduced by Alain Connes around 1980, which play an important role in his noncommutative geometry . They were independently discovered by Boris Tsygan and studied by Connes, Karoubi, Feigin Tsygan, Loday, Quillen , and others. Hints about definition The first definition of the cyclic ... to cyclic homology using a notion of cyclic object in an abelian category , which is analogous to the notion of simplicial object . In this way, cyclic homology and cohomology may be interpreted ... of the striking features of cyclic homology is the existence of a long exact sequence connecting Hochschild and cyclic homology. This long exact sequence is referred to as the periodicity sequence. Case of commutative rings Cyclic cohomology of the commutative algebra A of regular functions on an affine ..., cyclic cohomology of A are expressed in terms of the de Rham cohomology of V as follows math ... was extensively developed by Connes. Variants of cyclic homology One motivation of cyclic homology ... complex . Cyclic cohomology is in fact endowed with a pairing with K theory , and one hopes ... than on algebras without additional structure. Since, on the other hand, cyclic homology degenerates on C algebras, there came up the need to define modified theories. Among them are entire cyclic homology due to Alain Connes , analytic cyclic homology due to Ralf Meyer or asymptotic and local cyclic homology due to Michael Puschnigg. The last one is very near to K theory as it is endowed with a bivariant Chern character from KK theory . Applications One of the applications of cyclic homology ... geometry . Inst. Hautes tudes Sci. Publ. Math. No. 62 1985 , 257 360. Jean Louis Loday, Cyclic ... 0 External links http mathsci.kaist.ac.kr jinhyun note cyclic cyclic.pdf A personal note on Hochschild and Cyclic homology DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Homology Category Homological algebra fr Cohomologie cyclique ... more details
Groups In group theory , a cyclic group is a group mathematics group that can be generating set of a group ... is a power of g a multiple of g when the notation is additive . Definition File Cyclic group.svg right thumb 150px The six 6th complex roots of unity form a cyclic group under multiplication ... sup 2 sup . A group G is called cyclic if there exists an element g in G such that G < g > g sup ... is cyclic. For example, if G g sup 0 sup , g sup 1 sup , g sup 2 sup , g sup 3 sup , g sup 4 sup , g sup 5 sup is a group, then g sup 6 sup g sup 0 sup , and G is cyclic. In fact, G is essentially the same ... defined by g sup i sup i. For every positive integer n there is exactly one cyclic group up to isomorphism whose Order group theory order is n , and there is exactly one infinite cyclic group the integers under addition . Hence, the cyclic groups are the simplest groups and they are completely classified. The name cyclic may be misleading it is possible to generate infinitely many elements ... one infinitely long cycle. A group generated in this way is called an infinite cyclic group ... are uncountable is not a cyclic group a cyclic group always has countable elements. Since the cyclic ... 2 sup in C sub 5 sub , whereas 3 4 2 in Z 5 Z . Properties File Cyclic group Z15 cycle graph powers ... commons thumb 5 5a Cyclic group Z15 3B cycle graph 3B powers of wp 2815 2C5 2C11 2C13 29.svg 2048px Cyclic group Z15 3B cycle graph 3B powers of wp 2815 2C5 2C11 2C13 29.svg.png Cycle graph algebra Cycle graph of the cyclic group Z sub 15 sub br The elements of the subroups Z sub 3 sub and Z sub 5 sub are indicated by the trigon and the pentagon. The fundamental theorem of cyclic groups states that if G is a cyclic group of order n then every subgroup of G is cyclic. Moreover, the order of any ... of order k . This property characterizes finite cyclic groups a group of order n is cyclic if and only ... statement is used a group of order n is cyclic if and only if for every divisor d of n the group ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cyclic neutropenia Image Caption DiseasesDB 30103 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 288.02 ICDO OMIM 162800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cyclic neutropenia or cyclical neutropenia is a form of neutropenia that tends to occur every three weeks and lasting three to six days at a time due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 811 It is often present among several members of the same family. Treatment includes G CSF and usually improves after puberty. Cyclic neutropenia is the result of autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in ELA2 , the gene encoding neutrophil elastase. ref name pmid16079102 cite journal author Sera Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, et al. title A comparison of the defective granulopoiesis in childhood cyclic neutropenia and in severe congenital neutropenia journal Haematologica volume 90 issue 8 pages 1032 1041 year 2005 pmid 16079102 doi url http www.haematologica.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16079102 ref See also Acatalasemia List of cutaneous conditions May be associated with oral cankers, canker sores or lesions. http www.aafp.org afp 20000701 149.html External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part cyclic n GeneReview NIH UW entry on ELANE Related Neutropenias including cyclic neutropenia References reflist DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Neutropenia Category Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both Category Conditions of the mucous membranes medicine stub ... more details
Cyclic stress in engineering refers to an internal distribution of forces a stress that changes over time in a repetitive fashion. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift . The Wire rope wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. Although the shaft, wheel, and cable move the force remains nearly vertical relative to the ground. Thus a point on the surface of the drive shaft will undergo tension when it is pointing towards the ground and compression when it is pointing to the sky. Because the wheel rotates many times during the use of the machine, this cycle of Tensile stress tension and Compressive stress compression is repeated many times &mdash hence the name cyclic stress. Types of cyclic stress Cyclic stress is frequently encountered in rotating machinery where a bending moment is applied to a rotating part. This is called a cyclic bending stress and the aerial lift above is a good example. However, cyclic axial stress es and cyclic torsional stress es also exist. An example of cyclic axial stress would be a bungee cord see bungee jumping , which must support the mass of people as they jump off structures such as bridges. When a person reaches the end of a cord, the cord deflects Elastic deformation elastical ly and stops the person s descent. This creates a large axial stress in the cord. A fraction of the elastic potential energy stored in the cord is typically transferred back to the person, throwing the person upwards some fraction of the distance ..., but have a torque that varies significantly over time. Cyclic stress and material failure When cyclic stresses are applied to a material, even though the stresses do not cause plastic deformation ... cyclic stresses into mean and alternating components. Mean stress is the time average of the principal ... are subjected to a single type bending, axial, or torsional of cyclic stress because this more ... more details
Image Cyclic quadrilateral.svg thumb right Cyclic quadrilaterals. In Euclidean geometry , a cyclic quadrilateral ... cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case. The word cyclic is from the Greek kuklos which means circle or wheel. Special cases Any Square geometry square , rectangle , isosceles trapezoid , or antiparallelogram is cyclic. A kite geometry kite is cyclic if and only if it has two right angles. A bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also ... ex bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also Ex tangential quadrilateral ex tangential . Characterizations A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if the four perpendicular ... ABCD is cyclic if and only if its opposite angles are supplementary angle supplementary , that is math ... Book 3, Proposition 22 of Euclid s Elements . ref Equivalently, a convex quadrilateral is cyclic ... and sufficient condition for a convex quadrilateral ABCD to be cyclic is that an angle between a side ... ABCD is cyclic if and only if ref citation last Hajja first Mowaffaq journal Forum Geometricorum pages 103 106 title A Condition for a Circumscriptible Quadrilateral to be Cyclic url http forumgeom.fau.edu ... B 2 tan frac D 2 . math Area The area K of a cyclic quadrilateral with sides a, b, c, d is given ... angles are supplementary. If also math d 0 math , the cyclic quadrilateral becomes a triangle and the formula is reduced to Heron s formula . The cyclic quadrilateral has Maxima and minima maximal ... non congruent cyclic quadrilaterals, ref name Coxeter which by Brahmagupta s formula all have the same ... , or side d . The area of a cyclic quadrilateral with successive sides a, b, c, d and angle B between ... and q of a cyclic quadrilateral as equal to the sum of the products ac and bd of opposite sides ref ... is satisfied in a convex quadrilateral, then it is a cyclic quadrilateral. Thus Ptolemy s theorem is another characterization of cyclic quadrilaterals. In any convex quadrilateral ... more details
Cyclic succession is a pattern of vegetation change in which in a small number of species tend to replace ... of cyclic replacement have provided evidence against traditional Frederic Clements Clementsian views of an end state climax community with stable species compositions. Cyclic succession is one of several kinds of ecological succession , a concept in community ecology . When used narrowly, cyclic ... Blackwell. ISBN 0865423504, 9780865423503 ref However, broader cyclic processes can also be observed ... frame right Graphic Model of Cyclic Succession These examples differ from the classic cases of cyclic succession discussed below in that entire species groups are exchanged, as opposed to one species for another. On geologic time scales, climate cycles can result in cyclic vegetation changes ... . Cyclic climate and vegetation change in the late Miocene of Western Bulgaria. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology serial online . pp. 272 1 2 99 114. ref History The cyclic model of succession ... of species, whose cyclic behavior can be characterized by patch dynamics . Based on the current composition ... in scientific ecology. Modeling cyclic succession Image CyclicMatrix.png thumb 200px right Cyclic Succession Matrix The cyclic model of succession can be displayed in terms of a transition matrix ..., Inc., pp. 180 186. ISBN 978 0 87893 318 1 ref The three states in the simplest cyclic model ... tolerance models of succession, the key feature of the cyclic model is that A and B are not autosuccession ... open or become occupied by either A or B. This configuration results in a cyclic scheme of species dominance ecology dominance . Mechanisms Cyclic succession is a descriptive phenomenon that can ... of interspecific relationships satisfies the conditions described in the model above, a cyclic ... also be indirect drivers for cyclic succession if they differentially modulate plant life history properties ... 656. http www.jstor.org stable 2259156. ref Watt noted that cyclic fluctuations in mortality rate could ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 IPstack CUDP stands for Cyclic User Datagram Protocol UDP . It is used for streaming media and resides in the Transport layer of the ISO OSI protocol stack. External links http www.cs.cornell.edu zeno papers cyclicudp.pdf Paper on CUDP Compu network stub Category Transport layer protocols ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Cyclic pump is an apparatus which moves a fluid in a periodic uni directional direction from one containment system to another while overcoming static conditions that would, without intervention, not move. The intervention predicated by the pump alters pressures, volumes and sometimes temperatures of fluids gasseous, liquid, colloidal, plasmic, etc. in such a way that the fluids are transported to other chambers or enclosures including pipes , thus flowing in a consistent direction, usually having characteristics of pulsation as is the case with the Human heart or of uniform motion as is the case with an Automobile motor oil pump . Cyclic pumps are generally incorporated into machine s to deal with all sorts of fluids associated with that machine s functionality. See also File Ram Pump Vogn 2011 ubt.ogv thumb A cyclic hydraulic ram ram pump in Vogn , Denmark Water hammer Hydraulic ram Fluid dynamics Switched mode power supply Boost converter Buck converter Buck&ndash boost converter DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Pump Category Pumps Tech stub ... more details
Chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 433035864 ImageFile Cyclic ozone 3D balls.png ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 100 ImageName Ball and stick model of cyclic ozone PIN Cyclic ozone Citation needed date October 2011 SystematicName Trioxirane ref Cite web title CID 16206854 Compound Summary url http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 16206854 work PubChem Compound publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information accessdate 21 October 2011 location USA date 11 July 2007 at Identification and Related Records ref Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 153851 84 4 CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? PubChem 16206854 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct Pubchem ChemSpiderID 13375217 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider SMILES O1OO1 StdInChI 1S O3 c1 2 3 1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XQOAKYYZMDCSIA UHFFFAOYSA N StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties O 3 ExactMass 47.984743866 g mol sup 1 sup Cyclic ozone is a theoretically predicted form of ozone . Like ordinary ozone O sub 3 sub , it would have three oxygen atoms. It would differ from ordinary ozone how those three oxygen atoms are arranged. In ordinary ozone, the atoms are arranged in a bent line in cyclic ozone they would form an equilateral triangle . Some of properties of cyclic ozone have been predicted theoretically. It should have more energy than ordinary ozone. ref Cite journal last Hoffmann first ... reported that tiny quantities of cyclic ozone exist at the surface of magnesium oxide crystals in air ..., Eric Landree, Laurence D. Marks, and Marija Gajdardziska Josifovska title Cyclic Ozone Identified ... 1998PhRvL..81.4891P ref Cyclic ozone has not been made in bulk, although at least one researcher has ... To Create Cyclic Ozone journal Science Daily volume issue pages publisher location date February ... 05 ref It has been speculated that, if cyclic ozone could be made in bulk, and it proved to have good ... more details
In mathematics , the cyclic category or cycle category or category of cycles is a category theory category of finite cyclically ordered set s and degree 1 maps between them. It was introduced by harvtxt Connes 1983 . Definition The cyclic category has one object sub n sub for each natural number n 0, 1, 2, ... The morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub are represented by increasing functions f from the integers to the integers, such that f x m n f x , where two functions f and g represent the same morphism when their difference is divisible by n . Informally, the morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub can be thought of as maps of oriented necklaces with m 1 and n 1 beads. More precisely, the morphisms can be identified with homotopy classes of degree 1 increasing maps from S sup 1 sup to itself that map the subgroup Z m 1 Z to Z n 1 Z . Properties The number of morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub is m n 1 m n . The cyclic category is self dual. The classifying space B of the cyclic category is a classifying space BS sup 1 sup of the circle group S sup 1 sup . Cyclic sets A cyclic set is a contravariant functor from the cyclic category to sets. More generally a cyclic object in a category C is a contravariant functor from the cyclic category to C . See also Cyclic homology Simplex category References Citation last Connes first Alain authorlink Alain Connes year 1983 title Cohomologie cyclique et foncteurs Ext sup n sup language French journal Comptes rendus de l Acad mie des sciences, S rie I Sciences math matiques volume 296 issue 23 pages 953 958 url http www.alainconnes.org docs n83.pdf accessdate 15 May 2011 mr 777584 Citation last Connes first Alain authorlink Alain Connes year 2002 chapter Noncommutative Geometry Year 2000 editor last Fokas editor first A. title Highlights of mathematical physics isbn 0 8218 3223 9 pages 49 110 url http www.alainconnes.org ... Springer isbn 3 540 53373 7 pages 60 61 Citation last1 Loday first1 Jean Louis title Cyclic homology ... more details
In chemistry , a cyclic compound is a chemical compound compound in which a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring. ref JerryMarch ref While the vast majority of cyclic compounds are organic, a few inorganic substances form cyclic compounds as well, including sulfur, silanes, phosphanes, phosphoric acid, and triboric acid. Cyclic compounds may or may not be Aromaticity aromatic . Benzene is a well known example. The term polycyclic is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene , and the term macrocycle is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms. gallery Image cycloheptane sticks.png Cycloheptane , a non aromatic cyclic compound. Image Benzene bonds.svg Benzene , a cyclic compound. Image Naphthalene.png Naphthalene , a polycyclic compound. Image Porphyrin.svg Porphyrin , a macrocyclic compound. File Pentazole.png Pentazole , an inorganic cyclic compound. gallery Alicyclic compound are named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature by attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the corresponding open chain hydrocarbon possessing the same number of carbon atoms. The common names resemble the IUPAC names. For example Cyclo pantane, cyclo butane etc.... Ring closing & opening reactions Image Dieckmann Condensation Scheme.png right thumb Dieckmann ring closing reaction Related concepts in organic chemistry are so called ring closing reactions in which a cyclic compound is formed and ring opening reactions in which rings are opened. Examples of ring closing reactions Ring closing metathesis Nazarov cyclization reaction Ruzicka large ring synthesis Dieckmann condensation Wenker synthesis Radical cyclization Example of ring opening reactions A general type of polymerization reaction Ring opening polymerization Ring opening metathesis polymerisation See also open chain compound Ring expansion and ring contraction Macrocycle Effective molarity External links MeshName Polycyclic Compounds MeshName Macrocyclic ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In logic , cyclic negation is assuming that the truth value s are linear order linearly ordered a unary truth function that takes a truth value n and returns n 1 as value if n isn t the lowest value otherwise it returns the highest value. For example, let i be the set of truth values be 0,1,2 , ii denote negation, and iii p be a variable over truth values i.e. whose range is truth values . Thus if p 0 then p 2 and if p 1 then p 0. It was originally introduced by the logician and mathematician Emil Leon Post Emil Post . DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Negation Category Logic Category Mathematical logic Mathlogic stub ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Cyclic Defrost image file Cyclic Defrost 16.png image size 225px image caption Cyclic Defrost Issue 16 editor Sebastian Chan, Shaun Prescott & Alexandra Savvides editor title Editors frequency Three times a year circulation 5000 category Music magazine company publisher Cyclic Defrost firstdate 2002 country flagcountry Australia language English Language English website http www.cyclicdefrost.com www.cyclicdefrost.com issn 1832 4835 Cyclic Defrost is Australia s only specialist electronic music magazine. It is edited by Sebastian Chan, Shaun Prescott and Alexandra Savvides, and covers independent electronic music, avant rock, experimental sound art and left field hip hop. The magazine started as a photocopied zine in 1998 ref http www.abc.net.au triplej review print s1216124.htm Cyclic Defrost triple j print reviews Bot generated title ref , as an offshoot of the weekly Sydney club night Frigid, run by Chan and co editor designer Dale Harrison. Harrison resigned and was replaced by Levinson and designer Bim Ricketson. Each issue features local and international feature articles, and until Issue 16, comprehensive reviews covering CDs, DVDs, vinyl these are now found on the Cyclic Defrost website as well as record sleeve designs and artwork. Each issue features a guest cover designer and a section dedicated to sleeve design reviews. Past cover designers include Rinzen, Bim Ricketson and Build. The magazine is published three times a year and the print run of 5000 is available free in selected record stores and other outlets across Australia distributed by Inertia Distribution. Cyclic Defrost contributors Col begin Col 1 of 3 Sebastian Chan Matthew Levinson Chris Downton Peter Hollo Shaun Prescott Emmy Hennings Oliver Laing Renae Mason Bob Baker Fish ... below.glenn brandon nowiki reflist External links http www.cyclicdefrost.com Cyclic Defrost http ... Music review Cyclic Defrost issue 15 launch 22 11 2006 http www.amo.org.au interview.asp?id 1063 Australian ... more details
for the mathematical cyclic sets cyclic category In music , a cyclic set is a set music set , whose alternate elements unfold Complement music Rule of twelve complementary interval cycle cycles of a single interval music interval . ref name Perle Perle, George 1996 . Twelve Tone Tonality , p.21. ISBN 0 520 20142 6. ref Those cycles are ascending and descending, being related by inversion since complementary Image Berg s Lyric Suite cyclic set.png thumb center 400px Cyclic set sum 9 from Alban Berg Berg s Lyric Suite , and complementary interval cycle s P7 and I5 producing the cyclic set ref name Perle In the above example, as explained, one interval 7 and its compliment 7 5 , creates two series of pitches starting from the same note 8 P7 8 7 3 7 10 7 5 ... 1 7 8 I5 8 5 1 5 6 5 11 ... 3 5 8 According to George Perle , a Klumpenhouwer network is a chord music chord musical analysis analyzed in terms of its Dyad music dyadic Inversion music Musical set theory sums and interval music differences , and, this kind of analysis of triad music triadic combinations was implicit in, his, concept of the cyclic set from the beginning ref name Perle Perle, George 1993 . Letter from George Perle , Music Theory Spectrum , Vol. 15, No. 2 Autumn , pp. 300 303. ref . File Berg s Lyric Suite cyclic set overlapping three note segments.png thumb center 400px Overlapping three note segments, ref name Perle of the sum 9 cyclic set A cognate set is a set created from joining two sets related through inversion music inversion such that they share a single series of dyads ref name Perle 22 Perle 1996 , p.22. ref . Image Cognate set on C.png thumb center 400px Cognate set created from paired interval 7 cycles of sum 0 ref name Perle 22 0 7 2 9 4 11 6 1 8 3 10 5 0 0 5 10 3 8 1 6 11 4 9 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The two cycles may also be aligned as pairs of sum 7 or sum 5 dyads ref name Perle 22 . All together these pairs of cycles form a set complex , any cyclic set of the set complex may ... more details
Expert subject Technology date March 2010 In telecommunications , the term cyclic prefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol data symbol with a repetition of the end. Although the receiver is typically configured to discard the cyclic prefix samples, the cyclic prefix serves two purposes. As a guard interval , it eliminates the intersymbol interference from the previous symbol. As a repetition of the end of the symbol, it allows the linear convolution of a frequency selective multipath channel to be modelled as circular convolution, which in turn may be transformed to the frequency domain using a discrete Fourier transform . This approach allows for simple frequency domain processing, such as channel estimation and equalization. In order for the cyclic prefix to be effective i.e. to serve its aforementioned objectives , the length of the cyclic prefix must be at least equal to the length of the multipath channel. Although the concept of cyclic prefix has been traditionally associated with OFDM systems, the cyclic prefix is now also used in single carrier systems to improve the robustness to multipath. Principle Cyclic prefix is often used in conjunction with modulation in order to retain sinusoid sinusoids properties in multipath propagation multipath channels. It is well known that sinusoidal signals are eigenfunctions of linear , and time invariant systems. Therefore, if the channel is assumed to be linear and time invariant , then a sinusoid of infinite duration would be an eigenfunction . However, in practice, this cannot be achieved, as real signals are always time limited ... this property in the part of the symbol after the cyclic prefix. Use in OFDM Cyclic Prefixes are used ... symbol, followed by a cyclic prefixing. Let the symbol obtained by the IDFT be denoted by math mathbf x 0 x 0 , x 1 , ldots x N 1 T math . Prefixing it with a cyclic prefix of length math L ... Tutorial Nisar.pdf the significance of cyclic prefix in OFDM systems . Category Quantized radio modulation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cyclic history is a theory which dictates that the major forces that motivate human actions return in a cycle. Among these forces are religion spirituality , politics , science , philosophy , curiosity , creativity , psychology, morality and astronomical conjunctions. D. H. Lawrence thought that there existed a high technology civilization in the remote past. Religion recurs whenever a new sect reaches a large population. Christianity peaked three times around the 2nd century AD, when the core of believers gained political power in the Middle Ages , when the Church controlled almost all knowledge in Europe during the Protestant Reformation reformation , where the religion split and the many branches modernized themselves. The theory of cyclic history was considered in A. E. van Vogt s 1950 science fiction novel, The Voyage of the Space Beagle . Recursion of historical cycles For more articles about the concept of recursion of historical cycles see The ricorso of Giambattista Vico Major works and their reception Giambattista Vico . The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler . DEFAULTSORT Cyclic History Category Historiography Category Theories of history pt Teoria da hist ria c clica ... more details
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