of cyclicADPribose journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 1 issue 3 pages 143 4 year 1994 pmid 7656029 ... from ADPribose ADPR , the non cyclic analog. cADPR is produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup by ADP ribosyl cyclases EC 3.2.2.5 as part of a second messenger system . Function ... MJ, Cameselle JC title Hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride linkage of cyclicADPribose by the Mn sup 2 sup dependent ADPribose CDP alcohol pyrophosphatase journal FEBS Lett. volume 583 year 2009 ... IP3 ADPribose References reflist External links http www.hku.hk physio hclee index.html The web page of Dr. Hon Cheung Lee, the discoverer of cyclicADPribose. http books.google.es books?id UfUpyJZW0roC&printsec frontcover&source gbs summary r&cad 0 CyclicADPribose and NAADP. The first ...chembox verifiedrevid 424586166 ImageFile CyclicADP Ribose.PNG ImageSize 175px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 119340 53 3 PubChem 123847 IUPHAR ligand 2445 SMILES MeSHName CyclicADPRibose Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C15H21N5O13P2 MolarMass 541.301 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition CyclicADPRibose , frequently abbreviated as cADPR , is a cyclic adenine nucleotide like Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ... ADP , further connected to another ribose at the 5 position, which, in turn, closes the cycle by glycosidic ... gl ADP ribosa c clico nl Cyclisch ADPribose ja ru sr Cikli na ... has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose ref cite journal author Lee HC, Walseth TF, Bratt GT, Hayes RN, Clapper DL title Structural determination of a cyclic metabolite of NAD sup sup with intracellular ... of calcium signaling by the second messenger cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose cADPR journal Curr ... family also includes the GPI anchored CD157 and the specific, monofunctional ADP ribosyl cyclase ..., Stout CD title Crystal structure of Aplysia ADP ribosyl cyclase, a homolog of the bifunctional ectozyme ... more details
enzyme Name ADPribose diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.13 CAS number 9024 83 3 IUBMB EC number 3 6 1 13 GO code 0047631 image width caption ADPribose diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.13 is an enzyme that catalysis ... ADPribose to produce Adenosine monophosphate AMP and D ribose 5 phosphate. Enzyme hydrolysis ... in complex by the enzyme. Image ADPRibose Diphosphatase Pocket shown for the substrate .png thumb This shows the full enzyme with ADPRibose bound in the active site pocket. Blue and red areas on the surface ... pdb explore.do?structureId 1KHZ From PDB 1KHZ . The C terminal domain of ADPribose diphosphatase .... ref name Gabelliet.al.2001 Gabelli, Sandra B. et al. The structure of ADPribose pyrophosphatase reveals ... 72 2001 . ref ADPribose hydrolases in general act as protective agents against excessive intracellular accumulation of ADPribose, as high intracellular levels of ADPribose can be damaging to the cell. ADPribose diphosphatase, in particular, hydrolyzes ADPribose into AMP and D ribose 5 phosphate ... placenta hydrolases active on free ADPribose an ADP sugar pyrophosphatase and a specific ADPribose pyrophosphatase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1526 86 94 2001 . ref Other common names for ADPribose diphosphatase include ADPribose pyrophosphatase and ADPRase. ADPribose is commonly referred to as ADPR. Structure Image How ADPribose is Held in Complex by H bonds and Mg2 coordination.jpg thumb ... with the attachment and coordination of H sub 2 sub O, Mg sup 2 sup , and the ADPribose substrate. ref name Gabelliet.al.2001 Image ADPRibose Diphosphatase Mechanism Glutamate 162 as catalyst .png ... sup 2 sup bridges the two phosphates on ADPribose. Distances between the Mg sup 2 sup and the substrate ... in complex with AMPCPR and Mg sup 2 sup . AMPCPR is a nonhydrolyzable analog of ADPribose, and thus .... This evidence is a refutation of a previous study that suggested that hydrolysis of ADPribose could ... Gabelliet.al.2002 Gabelli, Sandra B., et al. Mechanism of the Escheirichia coli ADPribose pyrophosphatase ... more details
for the sound Parp onomatopoeic Image Adenosine diphosphate ribose.svg thumb Adenosine diphosphate riboseADPribose Image NADplus.png thumb Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Poly ADPribose polymerase PARP is a family of protein s involved in a number of cell biology cell ular processes involving mainly DNA repair and programmed cell death . Members of PARP family The PARP family comprises 17 members 10 putative . They have all very different structures and functions in the cell. PARP1 , PARP2 , VPARP PARP4 , Tankyrase 1 and 2 PARP 5a or TNKS , and PARP 5b or TNKS2 have a confirmed PARP activity ... the synthesis of a poly ADPribose chain PAR as a signal for the other DNA repairing enzymes such as DNA ... complementing gene 1 XRCC1 . After repairing, the PAR chains are degraded via Poly ADPribose glycohydrolase .... journal Proteome Sci. 8 22. date 2010 04 13 ref It is interesting to note that NAD diphthamide ADP ribosyltransferase NAD is required as substrate for generating ADPribose monomers. The overactivation ... year 2008 title Deficiency in Poly ADPribose Polymerase 1 PARP 1 Accelerates Aging and Spontaneous ... ADPribose polymerase 1 activity regulates JP 8 induced sustained cytokine expression in alveolar macrophages ... 17993261 pmc 2278030 ref Activity The catalytic domain is responsible for Poly ADPribose polymerization ... factor mediates poly ADPribose PAR polymer induced cell death journal Proceedings of the National ... methyltransferase DNMT 1 after attaching poly ADPribose chains to itself after interaction with CTCF ... content parp.asp PARP Poly ADPribose polymerase at inotekcorp.com http parplink.u strasbg.fr index.html The PARP Link Homepage at parplink.u strasbg.fr MeshName Poly ADPRibose Polymerase http ... group linking riboseribose sugars . PAR is synthesized using nicotinamide NAM as the leaving group. This leaves a pyrophosphate as the linking group between ribose sugars rather than single phosphate ... Category DNA repair it Poli ADP ribosio polimerasi ru ... more details
Summary This shows how H bonds and Mg2 coordinate and hold the ADPribose substrate in complex with the enzyme. Active site amino acids are shown, as well as two important active site water molecules Licensing PD self date May 2008 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP and Cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP . Structure Ribose is an aldopentose ...chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 412792499 Name small D small Ribose ImageFileL1 D Ribose.png ... Ribose OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 50 69 1 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS EC number ... br Lyxose Function Pentose aldopentoses OtherCpds Deoxyribose Ribose is an organic compound with the formula ... . The term may refer to any of two enantiomer s almost always to small D small ribose , which occurs widely in nature and is discussed here or to its synthetic mirror image small L small ribose , which is not found in nature and is of limited interest. small D small Ribose was first reported ... small arabinose both isomers of which are named for their source, gum arabic and ribose itself is named ... 42 pages 463 year 1958 doi 10.1002 sce.3730420523 ref Ribose comprises the backbone of RNA , a biopolymer ... , as found in DNA . Once phosphorylated , ribose can become a subunit of Adenosine triphosphate ..., found in DNA, differs from ribose by having a hydrogen atom in place of the hydroxyl group in carbon C2 . Like many monosaccharides, ribose occurs in water as the linear form H C O CHOH sub 4 sub H and any ... in the name small D small ribose refers to the stereochemistry of the Chirality chemistry chiral carbon atom farthest away from the aldehyde group C4 . In small D small ribose, as in all small D ... . Phosphorylation In biology, small D small ribose must be phosphorylated by the cell before it can be used. Ribokinase catalyzes this reaction by converting small D small ribose to Ribose 5 phosphate small D small ribose 5 phosphate . Once converted, small D small ribose 5 phosphate is available ... phosphate pathway . The absorption of small D small ribose is 88 100 in the small intestines up to 200 ... ca Ribosa cs Rib za da Ribose de Ribose el es Ribosa eo Ribozo fr Ribose fy Riboaze gl ... nl Ribose ja no Ribose oc Rib sa pl Ryboza pt Ribose ru simple Ribose sl Riboza sr ... more details
ADP may refer to Organizations and companies Automatic Data Processing , global provider of integrated computing and business outsourcing A roports de Paris , airport authority for the Parisian region in France Aeropuertos del Per , airport operator for airports in northern Peru Alaska Democratic Party , the local branch of the Democratic Party in the state of Alaska California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs , Californian agency dealing with substance abuse prevention and treatment Alpha Delta Phi , a fraternal organization on college campuses Alpha Delta Pi , a sorority organization on college campuses American Democracy Project AASCU initiative , a project of the AASCU to promote understanding of civic engagement among college students American Democracy Project 527 group in Florida Arab Democratic Party Israel , a former political party in Israel Arab Democratic Party Lebanon , a political party in Lebanon Association for the Development of Pakistan , a Boston based non profit organization Azerbaijan Democratic Party Computing Android Dev Phone , a device sold by Google for Android developers Automatic data processing online payroll software People ADP, a nickname for Alessandro Del Piero , Italian footballer AdP, a nickname for Adrian Peterson , an American football player for the Minnesota Vikings. Science and Technology Adenosine diphosphate , an important molecule resulting from the transfer of energy from ATP Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate , an optical crystal Other Andorran peseta , a former currency of Andorra ADP, the IATA airport code for SLAF Anuradhapura , an airport in Sri Lanka Actual deferral percentage, a 401 k test for highly compensated employees Austin Danger Powers, the full name of film character Austin Powers character Antidepressant ... , a method to determine the percentage of body fat Disambig de ADP eo ADP fr ADP it ADP hu ADP egy rtelm s t lap nl ADP ja ADP pt ADP sr ADP ... more details
enzyme Name ribose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.20 CAS number 57534 76 6 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 20 GO code 0050261 image width caption In enzymology , a ribose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.20 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D ribose math rightleftharpoons math D ribulose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , D ribose , and one product chemistry product , D ribulose . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D ribose aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include D ribose isomerase , and D ribose ketol isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Izumori K, Rees AW, Elbein AD date 1975 title Purification, crystallization, and properties of D ribose isomerase from Mycobacterium smegmatis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 250 pages 8085&ndash 7 pmid 240851 issue 20 isomerase stub Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 464382183 ImageFile Ribose 5 phosphate.png ImageSize IUPACName 2,3,4 Trihydroxy 5 oxo pentoxy phosphonic acid OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C5H9O8P c6 1 3 7 5 9 4 8 2 13 14 10,11 12 h1,3 5,7 9H,2H2, H2,10,11,12 p 2 t3 ,4 ,5 m0 s1 InChIKey PPQRONHOSHZGFQ QRUISDQRBJ StdInChI Ref stdinchicite changed chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H9O8P c6 1 3 7 5 9 4 8 2 13 14 10,11 12 h1,3 5,7 9H,2H2, H2,10,11,12 p 2 t3 ,4 ,5 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PPQRONHOSHZGFQ LMVFSUKVSA L CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 3615 55 2 PubChem 230 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 19971025 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 58273 SMILES O P O O OC C H O C H O C H O C O MeSHName ribose 5 phosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 9 sub O sub 8 sub P MolarMass 230.110 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Ribose 5 phosphate is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway . The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose phosphate pathway is the production of ribulose 5 phosphate . Depending on the body s state, ribulose 5 phosphate can reversibly isomerize to ribose 5 phosphate. Ribulose 5 phosphate can alternatively undergo a series of isomerizations as well as transaldolations and transketolations that result in the production of other pentoses phosphates as well as fructose 6 phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate both intermediates in glycolysis . The enzyme ribose phosphate diphosphokinase converts ribose 5 phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate . Pentose phosphate pathway intermediates Nucleotide metabolism intermediates Category Organophosphates Category Monosaccharide derivatives biochem stub de Ribose 5 phosphat es Ribosa 5 fosfato fr Ribose 5 phosphate it Ribosio 5 fosfato ja 5 pl Rybozo 5 fosforan pt Ribose ... more details
riboseADPriboseADP ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADPribose moieties to a protein ... ref These reactions are reversible for example, when arginine is modified, the ADP ribosylarginine produced can be removed by ADP ribosylarginine hydrolases. ref cite journal author Takada T, Okazaki IJ, Moss J title ADP ribosylarginine hydrolases journal Mol. Cell. Biochem. volume 138 issue 1 2 pages 119 22 year 1994 pmid 7898453 doi 10.1007 BF00928452 ref Multiple groups of ADPribose ... ADP ribosyl ation. ref name Diefenbach cite journal author Diefenbach J, B rkle A title Introduction to poly ADPribose metabolism journal Cell. Mol. Life Sci. volume 62 issue 7 8 pages 721 30 year ... ADPribose polymerase poly ADPribose polymerase s PARPs , which are found in most eukaryote s, but not prokaryote ... Poly ADPribose . The most elaborate metabolite of NAD journal FEBS J. volume 272 issue 18 pages 4576 89 year 2005 pmid 16156780 doi 10.1111 j.1742 4658.2005.04864.x ref The poly ADPribose structure ... ADP ribosylation journal EMBO J. volume 22 issue 9 pages 1953 8 year 2003 pmid 12727863 doi 10.1093 emboj cdg209 pmc 156081 ref ADP ribosylation enzymes One way this protein modification can be produced is by NAD diphthamide ADP ribosyltransferase NAD sup sup diphthamide ADP ribosyltransferase enzymes, which transfer the ADPribose group from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup onto acceptors such as arginine , glutamic acid , or aspartic acid . In human s, one type of ADP ribosyltransferases is Type is subject predicate does not agree with its complement. the NAD arginine ADP ribosyltransferases, which modify amino acid residues in proteins such as histone s by adding a single ADPribose group. ref cite journal author Okazaki IJ, Moss J title Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositiol anchored, secreted, and intracellular vertebrate mono ADP ribosyltransferases journal ... , in processes such as DNA repair and telomere maintenance. ref name Burkle Bacterial toxins ADP ... more details
Orphan date August 2011 Infobox protein family Symbol ADP ribosyl GH Name ADP ribosylglycohydrolase image PDB 1t5j EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of ribosylglycohydrolase mj1187 from methanococcus jannaschii Pfam PF03747 Pfam clan InterPro IPR005502 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1t5j TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, ADP ribosylglycohydrolase is a family of enzymes which catalysis catalyses Adenosine diphosphate ADP ribosylations. This family includes enzyme s such as ADP ribosylarginine hydrolase EC number 3.2.2.19. which Bond cleavage cleaves ADPribose L arginine. ref name pmid8349667 cite journal author Takada T, Iida K, Moss J title Cloning and site directed mutagenesis of human ADP ribosylarginine hydrolase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 268 issue 24 pages 17837 43 year 1993 month August pmid 8349667 doi url ref The family also includes dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase, ref name pmid2506427 cite journal author Fitzmaurice WP, Saari LL, Lowery RG, Ludden PW, Roberts GP title Genes coding for the reversible ADP ribosylation system of dinitrogenase reductase from Rhodospirillum rubrum journal Mol. Gen. Genet. volume 218 issue 2 pages 340 7 year 1989 month August pmid 2506427 doi 10.1007 BF00331287 url ref and most surprisingly jellyfish crystallin s, ref name pmid2506427 although these protein s appear to have lost the presumed active site residue chemistry residues . References reflist InterPro content IPR005502 Category Protein families ... more details
enzyme Name ADP deaminase EC number 3.5.4.7 CAS number 9027 79 6 IUBMB EC number 3 5 4 7 GO code 0047629 image width caption In enzymology , an ADP deaminase EC number 3.5.4.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ADP H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math IDP NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine diphosphate ADP and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are IDP and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ADP aminohydrolase . Other names in common use include adenosine diphosphate deaminase , and adenosinepyrophosphate deaminase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Deutsch A and Nilsson R date 1954 title On the dephosphorylation and deamination of adenosine triphosphate by actomyosin gel journal Acta Chem. Scand. volume 8 pages 1898&ndash 1906 doi 10.3891 acta.chem.scand.08 1898 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Image Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2D skeletal.png thumb Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Image CGMP.png thumb Cyclic guanosine monophosphate A cyclic nucleotide is any nucleotide in which the phosphate group is bonded to two of the sugar s hydroxyl groups, forming a cyclical or ring structure. These include cyclic AMP cyclic GMP cyclicADPribose These function as second messenger s associated with G protein s and calcium signaling . External links MeshName Nucleotides, Cyclic Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides Biochem stub et Ts klilised nukleotiidid nl Cyclisch nucleotide no Syklisk nukleotid sr Cikli ni nukleotid ... more details
There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclicCyclic chain rule , for derivatives, used in thermodynamics Cyclic code , linear codes closed under cyclic permutations Cyclic convolution , a method of combining periodic functions Cycle decomposition graph theory Cycle decomposition group theory Cyclic extension , a field extension with cyclic Galois group Cycle graph or cyclic graph is a connected, 2 regular graph Cycle graph algebra , a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements Circulant graph , a graph whose adjacency matrix is circulant Cycle graph theory , a nontrivial path from a node to itself Cyclic group , a group generated by a single element Cyclic homology , an approximation of K theory used in non commutative differential geometry Cyclic module , a module generated by a single element Cyclic notation , a way of writing permutations Cyclic number , a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number Cyclic order , a binary relation for doubly linked lists Cyclic permutation , a permutation with one nontrivial orbit Cyclic polygon , a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle Cyclic shift , also known as circular shift Cyclic symmetry , n fold rotational symmetry of 3 dimensional space See also Cycle disambiguation Cycle mathematics Category Mathematics related lists sv Cyklisk matematik ... more details
In mathematics , more specifically in ring theory , a cyclic module is a module mathematics module over a ring which is generated by one element. The term is by analogy with cyclic group s, that is groups which are generated by one element. Definition A left R module M is called cyclic if M can be generated by a single element i.e. M x R x rx r &isin R for some x in M . Similarly, a right R module N is cyclic, if N y R for some y &isin N . Examples Every cyclic group is a cyclic Z module. Every simple module simple R module M is a cyclic module since the submodule generated by any nonzero element x of M is necessarily the whole module M . If the ring R is considered as a left module over itself, then its cyclic submodules are exactly its left principal ideal s as a ring. The same holds for R as a right R module, mutatis mutandis . If R is F x , the ring over polynomials over a field F , and V is an R module which is also a finite dimensional vector space over F, then the Jordan block s of x acting on V are cyclic submodules. The Jordan blocks are all isomorphic to F x x &lambda sup n sup there may also be other cyclic submodules with different annihilators see below. Properties Given a cyclic R module M which is generated by x then there exists a canonical isomorphism between M and R Ann sub R sub x , where Ann sub R sub x denotes the Annihilator ring theory annihilator of x in R . See also cyclic group finitely generated module References cite book author B. Hartley authorlink Brian Hartley coauthors T.O. Hawkes title Rings, modules and linear algebra publisher Chapman and Hall year 1970 isbn 0 412 09810 5 pages 77,152 Pages 147 149 of Lang Algebra edition 3 Category Module theory Abstract algebra stub sv Cyklisk modul fr Module monog ne ... more details
. The processes by which cyclic peptides are formed in cells are not yet fully understood. One interesting property of cyclic peptides, however, is that they tend to be extremely resistant to the process ... makes cyclic peptides attractive to designers of protein based drugs that may be used as scaffolds ... pmid 16543448 External links http www.cybase.org.au Cybase MeshName Cyclic Peptides Category ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 A cyclic permutation or circular permutation is a permutation built from one or more Set mathematics sets of elements in cyclic order . The notion cyclic permutation is used in different, but related ways Definition 1 image 050712 perm 1.png right mapping of permutation A permutation P over a Set mathematics set S with k elements is called a cyclic permutation with offset t if and only if the elements of S may be total order ordered c 1 c 2 ... c k and the mapping of P may be written as p c i c i t for i 1, 2, ..., k &minus t , and p c i c i t &minus k for i k &minus t 1, k &minus t 2, ..., k . Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 1 will be constructed with exactly greatest common divisor gcd k , t disjoint cycles of equal length see cycles and fixed points . Cyclic permutations of definition type 1 are also called rotations , or circular shifts . Example math begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 1 & 8 & 2 end pmatrix begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 & 1 & 2 end pmatrix 1356 2478 math is a cyclic permutation with offset 2. It may be constructed with gcd 8, 2 2 cycles see image. The used order is c 6 7, c 7 6, c i i else. Definition 2 image 050712 perm 2.png right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic ... over a set with k elements is a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 if and only if it is a cyclic ... right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic permutation if and only if only one of the constructing cycles will have length 1. Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 3 may be seen as an union mathematics union of a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 and some fixed point mathematics fixed points . Every cyclic permutation of definition type 2 may be seen as a cyclic ... 4 & 6 & 8 & 3 & 7 & 1 & 2 & 5 end pmatrix 146837 2 5 math See also Cyclic permutation of integer Cycle ... more details
concept cyclic number group theory summary in Repeating decimal Merge from Transposable integer discuss Talk Cyclic number Cyclic permutation of integer date September 2009 A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutation s of the digits are successive multiples of the number. The most ... 142857 × 4 571428 142857 × 5 714285 142857 × 6 857142 Details To qualify as a cyclic number, it is required that successive multiples be cyclic permutations. Thus, the number 076923 would not be considered a cyclic number, even though all cyclic permutations are multiples 076923 ... 5 repeated digits, e.g. 555 repeated cyclic numbers, e.g. 142857142857 If leading zeros are not permitted on numerals, then 142857 is the only cyclic number in decimal Citation needed date May 2011 . Allowing leading zeros, the sequence of cyclic numbers begins 142857 6 digits 0588235294117647 ... digits Relation to repeating decimals Cyclic numbers are related to the Repeating decimal recurring digital representations of unit fractions . A cyclic number of length L is the digital representation ... represent a cyclic number. For example 1 7 0.142857 142857 . Multiples of these fractions exhibit cyclic permutation 1 7 0.142857 142857 2 7 0.285714 285714 3 7 0.428571 428571 4 7 0.571428 571428 5 7 0.714285 714285 6 7 0.857142 857142 . Form of cyclic numbers From the relation to unit fractions, it can be shown that cyclic numbers are of the form math frac b p 1 1 p math where b is the Radix ... that give cyclic numbers are called full reptend prime s or long primes . For example, the case b 10, p 7 gives the cyclic number 142857. Not all values of p will yield a cyclic number using this formula ... possibly several . The first values of p for which this formula produces cyclic numbers in decimal ... contains 37.395.. of the primes. Construction of cyclic numbers Cyclic numbers can be constructed ... the loop. if t p &minus 1 then n is a cyclic number. This procedure works by computing the digits ... more details
In homological algebra , cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are co homology theories for associative algebra s introduced by Alain Connes around 1980, which play an important role in his noncommutative geometry . They were independently discovered by Boris Tsygan and studied by Connes, Karoubi, Feigin Tsygan, Loday, Quillen , and others. Hints about definition The first definition of the cyclic ... to cyclic homology using a notion of cyclic object in an abelian category , which is analogous to the notion of simplicial object . In this way, cyclic homology and cohomology may be interpreted ... of the striking features of cyclic homology is the existence of a long exact sequence connecting Hochschild and cyclic homology. This long exact sequence is referred to as the periodicity sequence. Case of commutative rings Cyclic cohomology of the commutative algebra A of regular functions on an affine ..., cyclic cohomology of A are expressed in terms of the de Rham cohomology of V as follows math ... was extensively developed by Connes. Variants of cyclic homology One motivation of cyclic homology ... complex . Cyclic cohomology is in fact endowed with a pairing with K theory , and one hopes ... than on algebras without additional structure. Since, on the other hand, cyclic homology degenerates on C algebras, there came up the need to define modified theories. Among them are entire cyclic homology due to Alain Connes , analytic cyclic homology due to Ralf Meyer or asymptotic and local cyclic homology due to Michael Puschnigg. The last one is very near to K theory as it is endowed with a bivariant Chern character from KK theory . Applications One of the applications of cyclic homology ... geometry . Inst. Hautes tudes Sci. Publ. Math. No. 62 1985 , 257 360. Jean Louis Loday, Cyclic ... 0 External links http mathsci.kaist.ac.kr jinhyun note cyclic cyclic.pdf A personal note on Hochschild and Cyclic homology DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Homology Category Homological algebra fr Cohomologie cyclique ... more details
Groups In group theory , a cyclic group is a group mathematics group that can be generating set of a group ... is a power of g a multiple of g when the notation is additive . Definition File Cyclic group.svg right thumb 150px The six 6th complex roots of unity form a cyclic group under multiplication ... sup 2 sup . A group G is called cyclic if there exists an element g in G such that G < g > g sup ... is cyclic. For example, if G g sup 0 sup , g sup 1 sup , g sup 2 sup , g sup 3 sup , g sup 4 sup , g sup 5 sup is a group, then g sup 6 sup g sup 0 sup , and G is cyclic. In fact, G is essentially the same ... defined by g sup i sup i. For every positive integer n there is exactly one cyclic group up to isomorphism whose Order group theory order is n , and there is exactly one infinite cyclic group the integers under addition . Hence, the cyclic groups are the simplest groups and they are completely classified. The name cyclic may be misleading it is possible to generate infinitely many elements ... one infinitely long cycle. A group generated in this way is called an infinite cyclic group ... are uncountable is not a cyclic group a cyclic group always has countable elements. Since the cyclic ... 2 sup in C sub 5 sub , whereas 3 4 2 in Z 5 Z . Properties File Cyclic group Z15 cycle graph powers ... commons thumb 5 5a Cyclic group Z15 3B cycle graph 3B powers of wp 2815 2C5 2C11 2C13 29.svg 2048px Cyclic group Z15 3B cycle graph 3B powers of wp 2815 2C5 2C11 2C13 29.svg.png Cycle graph algebra Cycle graph of the cyclic group Z sub 15 sub br The elements of the subroups Z sub 3 sub and Z sub 5 sub are indicated by the trigon and the pentagon. The fundamental theorem of cyclic groups states that if G is a cyclic group of order n then every subgroup of G is cyclic. Moreover, the order of any ... of order k . This property characterizes finite cyclic groups a group of order n is cyclic if and only ... statement is used a group of order n is cyclic if and only if for every divisor d of n the group ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cyclic neutropenia Image Caption DiseasesDB 30103 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 288.02 ICDO OMIM 162800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cyclic neutropenia or cyclical neutropenia is a form of neutropenia that tends to occur every three weeks and lasting three to six days at a time due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 811 It is often present among several members of the same family. Treatment includes G CSF and usually improves after puberty. Cyclic neutropenia is the result of autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in ELA2 , the gene encoding neutrophil elastase. ref name pmid16079102 cite journal author Sera Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, et al. title A comparison of the defective granulopoiesis in childhood cyclic neutropenia and in severe congenital neutropenia journal Haematologica volume 90 issue 8 pages 1032 1041 year 2005 pmid 16079102 doi url http www.haematologica.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16079102 ref See also Acatalasemia List of cutaneous conditions May be associated with oral cankers, canker sores or lesions. http www.aafp.org afp 20000701 149.html External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part cyclic n GeneReview NIH UW entry on ELANE Related Neutropenias including cyclic neutropenia References reflist DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Neutropenia Category Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both Category Conditions of the mucous membranes medicine stub ... more details
Cyclic stress in engineering refers to an internal distribution of forces a stress that changes over time in a repetitive fashion. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift . The Wire rope wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. Although the shaft, wheel, and cable move the force remains nearly vertical relative to the ground. Thus a point on the surface of the drive shaft will undergo tension when it is pointing towards the ground and compression when it is pointing to the sky. Because the wheel rotates many times during the use of the machine, this cycle of Tensile stress tension and Compressive stress compression is repeated many times &mdash hence the name cyclic stress. Types of cyclic stress Cyclic stress is frequently encountered in rotating machinery where a bending moment is applied to a rotating part. This is called a cyclic bending stress and the aerial lift above is a good example. However, cyclic axial stress es and cyclic torsional stress es also exist. An example of cyclic axial stress would be a bungee cord see bungee jumping , which must support the mass of people as they jump off structures such as bridges. When a person reaches the end of a cord, the cord deflects Elastic deformation elastical ly and stops the person s descent. This creates a large axial stress in the cord. A fraction of the elastic potential energy stored in the cord is typically transferred back to the person, throwing the person upwards some fraction of the distance ..., but have a torque that varies significantly over time. Cyclic stress and material failure When cyclic stresses are applied to a material, even though the stresses do not cause plastic deformation ... cyclic stresses into mean and alternating components. Mean stress is the time average of the principal ... are subjected to a single type bending, axial, or torsional of cyclic stress because this more ... more details
Image Cyclic quadrilateral.svg thumb right Cyclic quadrilaterals. In Euclidean geometry , a cyclic quadrilateral ... cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case. The word cyclic is from the Greek kuklos which means circle or wheel. Special cases Any Square geometry square , rectangle , isosceles trapezoid , or antiparallelogram is cyclic. A kite geometry kite is cyclic if and only if it has two right angles. A bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also ... ex bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also Ex tangential quadrilateral ex tangential . Characterizations A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if the four perpendicular ... ABCD is cyclic if and only if its opposite angles are supplementary angle supplementary , that is math ... Book 3, Proposition 22 of Euclid s Elements . ref Equivalently, a convex quadrilateral is cyclic ... and sufficient condition for a convex quadrilateral ABCD to be cyclic is that an angle between a side ... ABCD is cyclic if and only if ref citation last Hajja first Mowaffaq journal Forum Geometricorum pages 103 106 title A Condition for a Circumscriptible Quadrilateral to be Cyclic url http forumgeom.fau.edu ... B 2 tan frac D 2 . math Area The area K of a cyclic quadrilateral with sides a, b, c, d is given ... angles are supplementary. If also math d 0 math , the cyclic quadrilateral becomes a triangle and the formula is reduced to Heron s formula . The cyclic quadrilateral has Maxima and minima maximal ... non congruent cyclic quadrilaterals, ref name Coxeter which by Brahmagupta s formula all have the same ... , or side d . The area of a cyclic quadrilateral with successive sides a, b, c, d and angle B between ... and q of a cyclic quadrilateral as equal to the sum of the products ac and bd of opposite sides ref ... is satisfied in a convex quadrilateral, then it is a cyclic quadrilateral. Thus Ptolemy s theorem is another characterization of cyclic quadrilaterals. In any convex quadrilateral ... more details
Cyclic succession is a pattern of vegetation change in which in a small number of species tend to replace ... of cyclic replacement have provided evidence against traditional Frederic Clements Clementsian views of an end state climax community with stable species compositions. Cyclic succession is one of several kinds of ecological succession , a concept in community ecology . When used narrowly, cyclic ... Blackwell. ISBN 0865423504, 9780865423503 ref However, broader cyclic processes can also be observed ... frame right Graphic Model of Cyclic Succession These examples differ from the classic cases of cyclic succession discussed below in that entire species groups are exchanged, as opposed to one species for another. On geologic time scales, climate cycles can result in cyclic vegetation changes ... . Cyclic climate and vegetation change in the late Miocene of Western Bulgaria. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology serial online . pp. 272 1 2 99 114. ref History The cyclic model of succession ... of species, whose cyclic behavior can be characterized by patch dynamics . Based on the current composition ... in scientific ecology. Modeling cyclic succession Image CyclicMatrix.png thumb 200px right Cyclic Succession Matrix The cyclic model of succession can be displayed in terms of a transition matrix ..., Inc., pp. 180 186. ISBN 978 0 87893 318 1 ref The three states in the simplest cyclic model ... tolerance models of succession, the key feature of the cyclic model is that A and B are not autosuccession ... open or become occupied by either A or B. This configuration results in a cyclic scheme of species dominance ecology dominance . Mechanisms Cyclic succession is a descriptive phenomenon that can ... of interspecific relationships satisfies the conditions described in the model above, a cyclic ... also be indirect drivers for cyclic succession if they differentially modulate plant life history properties ... 656. http www.jstor.org stable 2259156. ref Watt noted that cyclic fluctuations in mortality rate could ... more details
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