Other uses Unreferenced date December 2009 In theoretical physics , cutoff is the maximal or minimal value of energy , momentum , or length , so that the objects with even larger or smaller values than these physical quantity physical quantities are ignored. It is usually represented within a particular energy scale energy or length scale , such as Planck units . An infrared cutoff long distance cutoff is the minimal value of energy or, equivalently, the maximal wavelength usually a very large distance that the human eye takes into account. On the contrary, an ultraviolet cutoff is the maximal allowed energy or the shortest allowed distance usually a very short length scale . If some quantities are computed as integral s over energy or another physical quantity, these cutoffs determine the limits of integration. The exact physics is reproduced when the appropriate cutoffs are sent to zero or infinity. However, these integrals are often divergent see IR divergence and UV divergence and a cutoff is needed. The dependence of physical quantities on the chosen cutoffs especially the ultraviolet cutoffs is the main focus of the theory of renormalization group . See also Infrared fixed point Category Quantum field theory Category Statistical mechanics Category Renormalization group it Cutoff ... more details
Wiktionary cutoff cut off cut off Cutoff or cut off or cut off may refer to TOC right Science and technology Cutoff , a range of values to be considered in physics Cutoff steam engine , the point in the piston stroke at which the inlet valve is closed Cutoff metalworking , a piercing operation used to cut a workpiece from the stock Cut off grade , in mining, the level of mineral in an ore below which it is not economically feasible to mine it Cutoff frequency , in telecommunications and digital signal processing Cut off electronics , when in a MOSFET device the gate to source control voltage is less than a threshold value denoted by math V T math or math V Th math then the channel is said to be cut off , imposing the flow of a very low drain to source current Fuse electrical , a type of overcurrent protection device Clothing and fashion Kutte , a usually sleeveless decorated jacket Crop top , a shirt that exposes the midriff Cut off shorts , long pants that have been cut at the knee level usually without a hem to create shorts Other uses Cut Off, Louisiana , a town in the United States Lackawanna Cut Off , a former double track railroad Position poker cutoff is the seat to the right of the dealer or button, second best position disambig de Cut off it Cutoff disambigua pl Cut Off ... more details
unref date September 2010 In mining , the mine cutoff grade is the level of mineral in an ore below which it is not economically feasible to mine it. The mill cutoff grade is the level below which already mined ore is not worth processing. The mine cut off grade is estimated or chosen during a mining feasibility study . Category Mining engineering Category Mineral economics Category Technical terminology mining stub ... more details
In electronics , the cutoff voltage is the electrode voltage value that reduces the dependent variable of an electron tube characteristic to a specified low value. ref cite web url http www.greenbatteries.com batteryterms.html title Cutoff Voltage, final accessdate 2008 08 02 ref Batteries In batteries,the cutoff final voltage is the prescribed lower limit voltage at which Battery electricity battery discharge is considered complete. The cutoff voltage is usually chosen so that the maximum useful capacity of the battery is achieved. The cutoff voltage is different from one battery to the other and it s highly dependent on the type of battery and the kind of service in which the battery is used. When testing the capacity of a NiMH or Nickel cadmium battery NiCd battery a cutoff voltage of 1.0 V is normally used. 0.9V is normally used as the cutoff voltage of an alkaline cell . Devices that have too high cutoff voltages may stop operating while the battery still has significant capacity remaining. ref cite journal last Warner first R.M., Jr. date June 1963 title Epitaxial FET cutoff voltage journal Proceedings of the IEEE volume 51 issue 6 pages 939 940 issn 939 940 ref Premature voltage cut off Some portable equipment does not fully use the low end voltage spectrum of a Battery electricity battery . The equipment cuts off before the designated end of discharge voltage is reached, leaving some battery power unused. A high cutoff voltage problem is more widespread than is commonly assumed. For example, a certain brand of mobile phone that is powered with a single cell Lithium ion battery cuts off at 3.3V. The Li ion can be discharged to 3V and lower. With a discharge to 3.3V, only about 70 percent of the expected 100 percent capacity is used. Fact date June 2009 See also Cut off electronics External links http www.rcgroups.com forums showthread.php?t 9642 Samples of Low Voltage Cut Off Relay Circuits http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 17248454 Effect of discharge ... more details
Infobox film name Meek s Cutoff image Meeks cutoff poster.jpg caption Theatrical release poster director Kelly Reichardt producer Elizabeth Cuthrell br Neil Kopp br Anish Savjani br David Urrutia writer Jonathan Raymond narrator starring Michelle Williams actress Michelle Williams br Paul Dano br Bruce Greenwood br Shirley Henderson br Neal Huff br Zoe Kazan br Tommy Nelson br Will Patton music Jeff Grace cinematography Chris Blauvelt editing studio Evenstar Films br Film Science br Harmony Productions br Primitive Nerd distributor Oscilloscope Pictures released Film date 2010 9 4 67th Venice International Film Festival Venice 2011 4 8 United States runtime 104 minutes country Film US language English budget Meek s Cutoff is a 2010 outlaw western film directed by Kelly Reichardt . The film was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 67th Venice International Film Festival . ref name venezia67 cite web url http www.labiennale.org en cinema festival lineup off sel venezia67 title Venezia 67 accessdate 2010 07 29 work labiennale.org date 2010 07 29 ref Cast div style padding left 10px cellpadding 0 cellspacing 0 Michelle Williams actress Michelle Williams as Emily Tetherow Bruce Greenwood as Stephen Meek Shirley Henderson as Glory White Neal Huff as William White Zoe Kazan as Millie Gately Tommy Nelson as Jimmy White Will Patton as Soloman Tetherow Rod Rondeaux as The Cayuse div References reflist External links Official website http meekscutoff.com Allmovie title 524775 mojo title meekscutoff IMDb title 1518812 http www.metacritic.com movie meeks cutoff Meek s Cutoff at Metacritic rotten tomatoes meeks cutoff DEFAULTSORT Meek s Cutoff Category 2010 films Category American films Category English language films Category 2010s Western films Category 2010s drama films Category Films set in the 1840s western film stub ... more details
Image HastingsCutoff.gif right thumb 250px Route of the California Trail and Hastings Cutoff in the western United States The Hastings Cutoff was an alternate route for emigrants to travel to California ... to Oregon and California . A sentence in the book briefly describes the cutoff blockquote The most ... to the bay of St. Francisco, by the route just described. blockquote The cutoff left the California ... of modern Elko, Nevada . The west end of the cutoff is marked as Nevada Historical Marker 4. Trail ... 60 and 75 wagons did so and traveled with Hastings on his cutoff. They endured a difficult descent ... experience with the Hastings Cutoff. They had arrived a few days too late to travel with Hasting ... site of Salt Lake City, Utah . The company chose to use the Hastings Cutoff passing though modern day Emigration Canyon . Young s group made remarkable improvements to some parts of the cutoff on their journey .... A few years later, Mormon emigration companies abandoned the majority of the cutoff route for a new ... Cutoff. The year 1850 saw the development of a new route around the northern end of the Great Salt Lake Hensley s Salt Lake Cutoff that avoided the waterless drive across the desert south of the lake ... Long Drive The 1846 Hastings Cutoff Overland Journal, Oregon California Trails Association , Vol. 12, No. 2, Summer 1994. Tea, Roy D., ed. The Hastings Cutoff Grantsville to Donner Springs, May 1996 ... Kelly historian Kelly, Charles . Salt Desert Trails. Hastings Cutoff Sesquicentennial ed. Edited by Peter ... Cutoff Trail Guide from Donner Spring to the Humboldt River . Salt Lake City, UT Utah Crossroads, Oregon California Trails Association , 1996. Tea, Roy D., ed. The Hastings Cutoff A Tragic Decision ... , 2004. Spedden, H. Rush., Hastings Cutoff Bryant s Trail to Skull Valley Overland Journal, Oregon California ... Association http www.scienceviews.com historical hastingscutoff.html Hastings Cutoff Trail Guides by Roy D. Tea http www.utahcrossroads.org RTFrames.htm Roy Tea s Hastings Cutoff Page Category California ... more details
About signal processing cutoff in theoretical physics Cutoff other uses Cutoff disambiguation File Bandwidth.svg thumb right 300px Magnitude transfer function of a bandpass filter with lower 3dB cutoff frequency f sub 1 sub and upper 3dB cutoff frequency f sub 2 sub File Butterworth response.png right ... engineering , a cutoff frequency , corner frequency , or break frequency is a boundary in a system ... processing filters and communication channel s, cutoff frequency applies to an edge in a lowpass ... or 100 dB. In the case of a waveguide or an antenna radio antenna , the cutoff frequencies correspond to the lower and upper cutoff wavelengths . Cutoff frequency can also refer to the plasma frequency . Electronics In electronics , cutoff frequency or corner frequency is the frequency either above ... to define the cutoff frequency as the point after the last peak in the frequency response at which ... , pp.85 86, McGraw Hill 1964. ref Communications In Telecommunication communications , the term cutoff ... specified points by Reflection physics reflection from the layer. Waveguides The cutoff frequency ... will propagate in it. In fiber optics , it is more common to consider the cutoff wavelength , the maximum wavelength that will propagate in an optical fiber or Waveguide optics waveguide . The cutoff ... equal to zero and solving for the frequency. Thus, any exciting frequency lower than the cutoff frequency ... fills the waveguide. For a rectangular waveguide, the cutoff frequency is math omega c c sqrt left ... and a and b the lengths of the sides of the rectangle. The cutoff frequency of the TM sub 01 sub mode ... , the bessel function of the first kind of order 1. For a single mode optical fiber , the cutoff wavelength ... in the rectangular waveguide. The cutoff frequency math omega c math is the critical frequency ... m pi b right 2 math The wave equations are also valid below the cutoff frequency, where the longitudinal ... mean solution http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator timeconstant.htm Conversion of cutoff frequency ... more details
Infobox nrhp name Goodale s Cutoff nrhp type image Goodale s Cutoff NPS.jpg caption nearest city Arco, Idaho lat degrees 43 lat minutes 28 lat seconds 48 lat direction N long degrees 113 long minutes 33 long seconds 52 long direction W locmapin Idaho area built 1852 architect architecture added May 01, 1974 ref name nris NRISref 2008a ref governing body BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT refnum 74000735 Goodale s Cutoff formed a spur of the Oregon Trail in Idaho , United States . The cutoff left the trail near Fort Hall, Idaho Fort Hall , crossed the Snake River Plain to the Lost River Idaho Lost River , and then turned west to the area of Boise, Idaho Boise , crossing Camas Prairie. It rejoined the main trail from Ditto Creek to Boise, then ran to the north of the main trail, joining at the Powder River, near Baker, Idaho Baker . ref cite web url http www.hscl.cr.nps.gov insidenps report.asp?STATE ID&PARK CRMO&STRUCTURE &SORT &RECORDNO 6 date 2009 01 15 work List of Classified Structures title Goodale s Cutoff publisher National Park Service ref Image Goodale.gif thumb left 300px Goodale s Cuttoff 1862 References reflist Further reading http www.idahohistory.net Reference 20Series 1071.pdf Goodale s Cuttoff North of Timmerman Hill http www.idahohistory.net Reference 20Series 1075.pdf Goodale s Cuttoff Midvale Hill Boise to Brownlee, in 1862 http www.idahohistory.net Reference 20Series 1048.pdf Goodale s Cuttoff from Boise Valley to Powder River http www.nps.gov crmo historyculture goodales cutoff.htm Goodale s Cutoff cite journal author Susan Badger Doyle year 2008 month August title Trails in Southwestern Idaho journal Oregon California Trails Association volume Booklet issue series Convention pages pp 9 11, 22 29 id url cite book last McGill first James authorlink coauthors year 2009 title Rediscovered Frontiersman Timothy Goodale publisher Oregon California Trails Association location Independence, MO isbn 978 1 893061 06 4 National Register of Historic Places Category National ... more details
Infobox nrhp name Southern Pacific Railroad Ogden Lucin Cut Off Trestle nrhp type image Lucin Cutoff aerial.jpg caption Aerial view of the Lucin Cutoff nearest city Ogden, Utah lat degrees 41 lat minutes 13 lat seconds 0 lat direction N long degrees 112 long minutes 41 long seconds 40 long direction W coord display inline,title locmapin Utah built 1902 architect Hood,William architecture added April 14, 1972 area convert 143 acre governing body Private refnum 72001257 ref name nris NRISref version 2009a ref The Lucin Cutoff is a railroad line which included a railroad trestle which crossed the Great Salt Lake in Utah . Built by the Southern Pacific Company between February 1902 and March 1904 across Promontory Point , it bypassed the original Central Pacific Railroad route through Promontory Summit where the Golden Spike was driven in 1869. By going west across the lake from Ogden, Utah to Lucin, Utah , it cut off 43 miles and avoided curvatures and grades. In 1944 it was the site of a Bagley train wreck train wreck in which 48 people were killed . The trestle was eventually replaced in the late 1950s with a parallel causeway built under contract by the Morrison Knudsen construction company. References reflist External links http www.trestlewood.com page 1020 Lucin Cutoff Railroad Trestle http engwonders.byethost9.com e031.html Across the Great Salt Lake Registered Historic Places Category Southern Pacific Railroad Category Bridges completed in 1904 Category Railroad bridges in Utah Category Rail infrastructure in Utah Category Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah Category Railway related listings on the National Register of Historic Places Category Box Elder County, Utah Category Transportation in Weber County, Utah Category Great Salt Lake Utah struct stub US rail bridge struct stub ... more details
A meander cutoff occurs when a meander bend in a river is breached by a chute channel that connects the two closest parts of the bend. This causes the flow to abandon the meander and to continue straight downslope. Cutoffs are a natural part of the evolution of a meandering river, and have also been used to artificially shorten the length of meandering rivers for navigation. River morphology Category Fluvial landforms Category Geomorphology geol stub ... more details
The Elliott Cutoff was a covered wagon road that branched off the Oregon Trail at the Malheur River where ... Cutoff after Stephen Meek , a former trapper who led over 1,000 emigrants into the Harney ... . ref Leah Collins Menefee, Donald F. Menefee, and Lowell Tiller. Cutoff Fever I, Oregon Historical ... Oregon. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 315. ref In the early 1850s, residents of the Upper ... and Tiller, Cutoff I, 324. ref The survey party was formed and became known as the Road Viewers ..., Alexander King, Robert Walker, and a J. Clark. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 321. ref On July ... Range and on to the Deschutes River. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 323. ref The Road Viewers left the Willamette Valley on August 20, 1852. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 327. ref Once they finished the road survey, they tried to follow the remaining route to Vale, Oregon, where the cutoff .... ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 332 334. ref From Steen s Ridge, the Viewers followed Meek s wagon ... and their geological specimens. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 335 336. ref ref Ruby, Robert, John ... the skirmish with Native Americans. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff I, 337 340. ref Free Emigrant ..., Donald F. Menefee, and Lowell Tiller. Cutoff Fever II, Oregon Historical Quarterly Portland ..., Cutoff II, 62 70. ref The construction of the Free Emigrant Road was basically a tree felling operation ... of the way. ref Leah Collins Menefee, Donald F. Menefee, and Lowell Tiller. Cutoff Fever V, Oregon ... who were coming with the 1853 emigration. ref Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff 329. ref Before he left, sponsors of the new road commissioned Elliott to lead a wagon train on the Meek Cutoff, across Harney ... Menefee, Donald F. Menefee, and Lowell Tiller. Cutoff Fever III, Oregon Historical Quarterly Portland ... Fort Boise. Elliott then headed back to what is now Vale where the Cutoff begins along the Malheur ... Menefee and Tiller, Cutoff III, 147. ref The Cutoff was around convert 130 mi km shorter for destinations ... more details
for the 2010 film Meek s Cutoff The Meek Cutoff was a covered wagon road that branched off the Oregon Trail in northeastern Oregon . First used in 1845, it left the trail at Vale, Oregon , followed the Malheur River , heading southwest into the Harney Basin . It then turned west towards Wagontire Mountain, and north to the south fork of the Crooked River Oregon Crooked River where it split into two routes. Each path led to the Deschutes River . The two routes reunited north of where the Crooked River empties into the Deschutes and then continued to The Dalles, Oregon . Image CoveredWagonOnTrailSketch.jpg thumb 325px A sketch of a covered wagon History In 1845 there were rumors circulating among the emigrants on the Oregon Trail that the Walla Walla tribe Walla Walla and Cayuse Indians might possibly attack the settlers in the Blue Mountains Oregon Blue Mountains of Oregon or along the Columbia River . Reports of threats came in conjunction with the murder of two Frenchmen in the area. ref Keith Clark and Lowell Tiller. Terrible Trail The Meek Cutoff, 1845, Bend, OR Maverick Publications Inc., 1966 , 14 19. ref Stephen Meek guide Stephen Meek , the older brother of Joseph Meek Joe Meek , was an experienced fur trapper and explorer who made his living as a wagon train guide. Meek was unemployed at the time but was considered to be someone who was familiar with eastern Oregon. When he offered the emigrants an alternate route to avoid the Blue Mountains many decided to follow him ... Meeks cutoff blockquote And later added blockquote A bad cutoff for all that tuck it. blockquote .... ref Clark and Tiller. Terrible Trail, p. 138 143. ref The Meek Cutoff is one of sixteen ... ref The blazing of the Meek Cutoff led to later wagon roads and the settlement of the eastern and central ... Cutoff References reflist External links http www.oregonhistorictrailsfund.org trails showtrail.php?id 7 Meek Cutoff Article by the Oregon Historic Trails Fund http mtmen.org mtman html smeek.html The Autobiography ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 A thermal cutoff is an Electricity electrical safety device that interrupts electric current when heat ed to a specific temperature . Thermal fuse A thermal fuse is a cutoff which uses a one time fusible link . Unlike the thermal switch which automatically reset s itself when the temperature drops, the thermal fuse is more like an Fuse electrical electrical fuse a single use device that cannot be reset and must be replaced when it fails or is triggered. A thermal fuse is most useful when the overheating is a result of a rare occurrence, such as failure requiring repair which would also replace the fuse or replacement at the end of service life . One mechanism is a small meltable pellet that holds down a spring. When the pellet melts, the spring is released, separating the contacts and breaking the circuit. The NEC Sefuse SF E series, Microtemp G4A series and Elmwood D series, for example, use pellets that contain Copper , Beryllium , and Silver . Thermal fuses are usually found in heat producing electrical small appliance appliance s such as coffeemaker s and hair dryer s. They function as safety devices to disconnect the current to the heating element in case of a malfunction such as a wikt defect defective thermostat that would otherwise allow the temperature to rise to dangerous levels, possibly starting a fire . File Thermal Fuse CJC01.png thumb right A thermal fuse protecting a small motor. Unlike electrical fuses or circuit breaker s, thermal fuses only react to excessive temperature, not excessive current, unless the excessive current is sufficient to cause the thermal fuse itself to heat up to the trigger temperature. Such an arrangement may be found in a surge protector. The thermal fuses are wired in series with the varistors when the varistors conduct, the fuse heats up and fails, which eliminates the risk of fire which can occur ... of the electrical ballast starter . See also Thermistor DEFAULTSORT Thermal Cutoff Category Electric ... more details
Non free use rationale Article Meek s Cutoff Description Theatrical release poster Source http www.impawards.com 2011 meeks cutoff.html IMP Awards Portion Image only. Low resolution Yes. Purpose Enhance article with visuals. Replaceability No alternative could possibly exist. other information Licensing Non free poster ... more details
In optics , spatial cutoff frequency is a precise way to quantify the smallest object Optical resolution resolvable by an optical system. Due to diffraction at the image plane, all optical systems act as low pass filter s with a finite ability to resolve detail. If it were not for the effects of diffraction, a 2 aperture telescope could theoretically be used to read newspapers on a planet circling Alpha Centauri , over four light year s distant. Unfortunately, the wave nature of light will never permit this to happen. The spatial cutoff frequency for a perfectly corrected optical system is given by math f o 1 over lambda times mathrm f mathrm cycles millimeter , math where math lambda math is the wavelength expressed in millimeters and f is the lens focal ratio . As an example, a telescope having an focal ratio f 6 objective and imaging at 0.55 micrometers has a spatial cutoff frequency of 303 cycles millimeter. High resolution black and white film is capable of resolving details on the film as small as 3 micrometers or smaller, thus its cutoff frequency is about 150 cycles millimeter. So, the telescope s optical resolution is about twice that of high resolution film, and a crisp, sharp picture would result provided focus optics focus is perfect and atmospheric turbulence is at a minimum . This formula gives the best case resolution performance and is valid only for perfect optical systems. The presence of aberration s reduces image contrast vision contrast and can effectively reduce the system spatial cutoff frequency if the image contrast falls below the ability of the imaging device to discern. See also Modulation transfer function Superlens References Goodman, J.A., Introduction to Fourier Optics , McGraw Hill, 1969. Category Optics ... more details
File FitchburgCutoffPath.agr.JPG thumb Fitchburg Cutoff Path in early Fall. The Fitchburg Cutoff Path is a short, unpaved multi use rail trail located in suburban Boston, Massachusetts . The 0.8 mile 1.2 km path runs from Brighton Street in Belmont, Massachusetts to the Alewife MBTA station Alewife station at the northern end of the MBTA Red Line in Cambridge MA Cambridge . At its Cambridge terminus, the trail connects with two other multi use paths the Minuteman Bikeway and the Cambridge Linear Park , which, in turn, leads to the Somerville Community Path . The Fitchburg Cutoff Path largely runs through Alewife Brook Reservation , with several side paths through the reservation leading to the Little River and a nearby industrial park. The trail heads are marked by small signs on the east end, across the street from the Alewife station passenger pickup kiss and ride area, and, on the west end, just north of where the MBTA rail line crosses Brighton Street. The west end is served by the MBTA 78 bus, with a stop just south of the railroad tracks. A 4.67M upgrade for the path, including a new pedestrian bridge at Alewife ref http www.boston.com news local articles 2009 04 05 bridge work snags on link to bike path ?page full Bridge work snags on link to bike path by Ben Terris and Christina Pazzanese. Boston Globe , 5 Apr 2009. ref ref Federal Aid Project No. CM 001S 980 X ref is in process. The path was temporarily closed for construction on September 1, 2010. The proposed Mass Central Rail Trail would represent an extension to Northampton, Massachusetts . History File Minuteman Bikeway and Cambridge Linear Park connector 1.jpg thumb Fitchburg Cutoff s former route below Alewife ... of an abandoned rail line known as the Fitchburg Cutoff or B&M Freight Cutoff reflecting its acquisition by the Boston and Maine Railroad . The freight cutoff linked the Fitchburg Railroad main line now ... Railroad the remainder west of Alewife forms what is now known as the Fitchburg Cutoff Path ... more details
In a steam engine , cutoff is the point in the piston stroke at which the inlet valve is closed. On a steam locomotive , the cutoff is controlled by the reverser. The point at which the inlet valve closes ... adiabatically . The steam pressure drops as it expands. A late cutoff delivers full steam pressure ... cutoff has greater thermodynamic efficiency but provides less average force on the piston and is used ... in the cylinder declines after cutoff as the steam pushes the piston down its bore Cutoff is one of the four valve events . Early cutoff is used to increase the efficiency of the engine by allowing ... steam. This is known as expansive working. Late cutoff is used to provide maximum torque to the shaft at the expense of efficiency and is used to start the engine under load. Cutoff is conventionally ... at the cutoff point, the cutoff is stated as 25 . Smaller stationary steam engine s generally have a fixed cutoff point while, in large ones, the speed and power output is generally governed by altering the cutoff, frequently under Centrifugal governor governor control using an expansion valve or Trip valve trip gear . In steam engines for transport, it is desirable to be able to alter the cutoff ..., the maximum or full gear cutoff is typically about 85 . At high speeds, the cutoff may be 15 percent ... load through the propeller and so have a fixed cutoff, with speed being controlled through the regulator. Fact date June 2009 Providing variable cutoff is an important function of the valve ... of the cutoff to offer best running and economy is not possible. On large locomotives it can ... the cutoff once the locomotive has gathered speed with such engines it was the practice of drivers to select an appropriate degree of cutoff before opening the Steam locomotive components regulator and to leave ... is fitted with a locking lever to prevent creep and there is an indicator to show the percentage of cutoff in use. This method of altering the cutoff offers finer control than the sector lever, but it has ... more details
The Patterson Creek Cutoff is an abandoned railroad line built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad B&O in northern West Virginia and Western Maryland , that served trains running on the B&O West End line in the Cumberland, Maryland area. The cutoff route ran from McKenzie, Maryland to Patterson Creek, West Virginia , providing a bypass of the B&O rail yard in Cumberland for coal trains moving between Keyser, West Virginia and Brunswick, Maryland . The B&O opened the double track line in 1904, and it included a tunnel and a bridge, both of which are still in existence. The tunnel passes through Knobly Mountain and is slightly less than convert 1 mi km in length. The cutoff was later reduced to single track rail single track , and ultimately abandoned in the early 1970s by the Chessie System , the successor to the B&O. The rails have been removed from the bridge structure, and a few railroad tie s are in an advanced state of decomposition. The line s right of way transportation right of way can still be easily distinguished, especially in McKenzie, where there is a large cut and fill . CSX Transportation , the successor to the Chessie System, continues to operate the main rail line in the McKenzie area as the Mountain Subdivision , and the Cumberland Subdivision in the Patterson Creek area. References Refbegin http www.wvrail.railfan.net east app.html Mountain Subdivision Eastern Approach. Northern West Virginia s Railroads. Accessed 2010 08 11. mtnsub.org. http mtnsub.org cumberland c r ch04.html patterson creek The Hard Way to Paw Paw Patterson Creek, WV. Railfanning the B&O Around Cumberland, MD. Accessed 2010 08 11. Refend Category Baltimore and Ohio Railroad lines Category Rail infrastructure in Maryland Category Rail infrastructure in West Virginia ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 The Salt Lake Cutoff is one of the many shortcuts or cutoffs that branched from the California Trail California , Mormon Trail Mormon and Oregon Trail s in the United States. It led northwest out of Salt Lake City, Utah and north of the Great Salt Lake for about convert 180 mi km before rejoining the California trail near the City of Rocks National Reserve City of Rocks , Idaho. From there Oregon Trail travelers could easily travel down the Raft River valley portion of the California Trail to return to the Oregon Trail. It provided a way to stop in Salt Lake City the only significant city on the trail then for repairs, fresh supplies, fresh livestock etc.. In later years it was used by tens of thousands of pioneers and miners going east and west on their way to or from the future states of California , Oregon , Utah , Idaho , Montana , Nevada or Washington U.S. state Washington . See NPS California Trail Map for route ref Salt Lake city to City of Rocks Map http www.nps.gov cali planyourvisit upload CALImap1 web.pdf Accessed 27 Apr 2010 ref History Samuel J. Hensley, returning to California in the summer of 1848, led a pack train of ten men on a quest to get back to the California Trail. After trying Hastings Route south of the Great Salt Lake and finding the salt flats too soft heavy rains that year for passage he returned to Salt Lake City and discovered a route, north of the Great Salt Lake. His newly blazed trail cutoff went from Salt Lake City back to the Oregon Trail and or California Trail and joined the California Oregon near the City of Rocks, Idaho ref City of Rocks http www.newworldencyclopedia.org entry City of Rocks retrieved 4 Jan ... Lake Cutoff and was about the same distance as the Fort Hall , Snake River , Raft River , City of Rocks ... historytogo.utah.gov salt lake tribune in another time 060594.html Salt Lake Cutoff ref Thousands more ... publisher University of Nebraska Press date 1958 cite book title S. J. Hensley s Salt Lake Cutoff first ... more details
The promotion cutoff scores for enlisted ranks of the United States Air Force are determined by how many enlisted members can be promoted each cycle based on end strength and fiscal constraints, then the http www.afpc.randolph.af.mil Air Force Personnel Center applies that quota equally to each Air Force Specialty Code Air Force Specialty Code AFSC based on the total number of eligible airmen. The total score of the last person selected within the quota then becomes the cutoff score for promotion in that AFSC. There is no way to know what the cutoff score will be before the selection process is finished. See also Portal United States Air Force WAPS Promotion Score Calculator External links http www.afpc.randolph.af.mil promotions Air Force Personnel Center Enlisted Promotions Category United States Air Force Enlisted Promotions Promotion cutoff score ... more details
Summary Information Description undate photograph of the Craighill Channel Upper Range Front Light USCG Source http www.uscg.mil history weblighthouses CutoffFR.JPG Date 14 22, 28 November 2010 UTC Author US Coast Guard Permission other versions Licensing PD USGov DHS CG ... more details
Reverser may refer to Thrust reverser Cutoff steam engine , often called a reverser Reverser handle , an operating lever for a Locomotive disambig ... more details
Summary Magnolia B&O Cutoff Construction. Photo credit the Baltimore & Ohio Historical Society BORHS http www.borhs.org PD self date April 2007 ... more details
Summary Magnolia B&O Cutoff Construction. Photo credit the Baltimore & Ohio Historical Society BORHS http www.borhs.org PD self date April 2007 ... more details
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