The CrossNationalEquivalentFile CNEF contains population panel data from Australia, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Korea, Switzerland and the United States. Each of these countries undertakes a longitudinal household economic survey. The data are made equivalent, providing a reference dataset which cross links each of the individual studies and allowing crossnational comparisons. The CNEF is managed by the Department of Policy Analysis and Management at the US Cornell University . Participant surveys British Household Panel Survey BHPS , UK Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey HILDA , Australia Korea Labor Income Panel Study , Korea Panel Study of Income Dynamics PSID , USA Socio Economic Panel SOEP , Germany Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics SLID , Canada Swiss Household Panel SHP , Swiss External links http www.human.cornell.edu pam research centers programs german panel cnef.cfm Official website URL accessed 4 April 2011. Category Economic data Category Social statistics data Category Panel data ... more details
Non free use rationale Description Equivalent 1925 , by Alfred Steiglitz Key Set No. 1131. Source Greenough, Sarah. Alfred Steiglitz The Key Set. Volume 2. Washington, DC National Gallery of Art, 2002. Photograph is also accessible elsewhere, in print and online. Article Equivalents Portion Whole photo Low resolution Yes small size Purpose To illustrate the artist s important series known as Equivalents , which are among the most seminal works in 20th century photography. Replaceability Some of Steiglitz s photographs are still copyrighted. It is uncertain if this image is among those that are still copyrighted. other information Non free 2D art ... more details
Information Description Equivalent generator driving an equivalent impedance of a line. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 25th August 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
The EquivalentNational Tertiary Entrance Rank ENTER was the national Australian tertiary entrance rank, administered by Universities Australia previously called the Australian Vice Chancellors Committee . It was a percentile ranking, designed to simplifiy the comparison of entrance levels for students educated in different processes of admission for university applicants from interstate. It was replaced by the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank from 2010. Equivalence The term ENTER was only used in Victoria Australia Victoria , although the actual rank was identical and equivalent to the Universities Admission Index UAI used in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory , and to the Tertiary Entrance Rank TER used in South Australia , the Northern Territory , Tasmania and Western Australia . Queensland used a different system called the Overall Position OP , but conversion tables were published each year to convert the OP to or from an ENTER. Non school leaver university applicants were selected using other criteria usually previous results, or results in the Special Tertiary Admissions Test . Each state s university and government education authorities determined the method of calculation of the ENTER or state equivalent for students from that state, due to the historical differences between different state s education systems. However, these decisions were co ordinated to ensure that the necessary equivalence is maintained i.e. so that an ENTER of 90.00 from Victoria would indicate a sufficiently similar degree of attainment as a UAI of 90.00 from New South Wales, in spite of the differences in each rank s methods of application. Calculation The Victorian Curriculum ... in Australia Category Education in Victoria Australia sv EquivalentNational Tertiary Entrance ... Tertiary Admissions Centre VTAC . VTAC then scaled the Subject Study Scores to allow for cross ... was equivalent to a 25 in Mathematical Methods or a 25 in any other VCE subject. The scaled Study ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Other uses Equivalence disambiguation The Equivalent was a sum negotiated at 398,000 paid to Scotland by the English Government under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707 . Proposals for it first emerged in the course of abortive Union negotiations in 1702 03. Purpose of The Equivalent The purpose of The Equivalent was ostensibly to take account of the contribution which Scots taxpayers would thereafter make towards servicing the English national debt, and as transitional mitigation of the effects of higher taxes on the Scottish economy. Though attempts have been made to see it as a precise calculation, it is now generally regarded as part of a political bargain designed for other purposes as well, such as the costs of winding up the Company of Scotland which had undertaken the Darien scheme shareholders in and creditors of the Company were to receive 58.6 of The Equivalent ref Watt, Douglas. The Price of Scotland Darien, Union and the wealth of nations . Luath Press 2007. ref . Further information For further information on the context and background see Acts of Union 1707 . References reflist 2 Category Unionism ... more details
Summary Information Description Ribbon bar of a Knight Grand Cross of the National Order of Vietnam Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date 09 November 2008 Author D. van Deursen other versions Licensing PD self date November 2008 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Information Description Equivalent circuit of a transmission line for the purpose of calculating characteristic impedance . Source Self created using Inkscape Date 23rd August 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
Information Description Result of leaving an equivalent generator open circuit. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 25th August 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
Information Description Equivalent circuit of a mechanical filter using torsional resonators. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 20th November 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
Information Description Equivalent circuit of a transmission line incident wave arriving at an arbitrary load impedance. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 25th August 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
National governing bodies hold National Cyclo cross Championships on an annual basis. The winner is crowned national cyclo cross champion and wears the national cycling jersey for his her nation. Most ... Cyclo cross World Championships . This is a list of countries where national cyclo cross championships ... 2008 flagicon AUT Austria, Peter Presslauer 2010 flagicon BEL Belgian National Cyclo cross Championships Belgium , Sven Nys 2009 flagicon BEL Belgian National Cyclo cross Championships Belgium , Sven Nys 2010 flagicon BEL Belgian National Cyclo cross Championships Belgium , Niels Albert 2011 ... Republic , Zdenek Stybar 2010 flagicon FRA French National Cyclo cross Championships France , Francis Mourey 2010 flagicon GER German National Cyclo cross Championships Germany , Malte Urban 2008 flagicon GER German National Cyclo cross Championships Germany , Philipp Walsleben 2010 flagicon GBR British National Cyclo cross Championships Great Britain , Roger Hammond cyclist Roger Hammond 2008 ... title flagicon ITA Italian National Cyclo cross Championships Italy , Marco Aurelio Fontana 2008 flagicon ITA Italian National Cyclo cross Championships Italy , Marco Aurelio Fontana 2010 flagicon JPN ... flagicon LUX Luxembourg, Jempy Drucker 2010 flagicon NED Dutch National Cyclo cross Championships Netherlands , Lars Boom 2008 flagicon NED Dutch National Cyclo cross Championships Netherlands , Lars Boom 2009 flagicon NED Dutch National Cyclo cross Championships Netherlands , Lars Boom 2010 flagicon ... 2010 flagicon SVK Slovak National Cyclo cross Championships Slovakia , Milan Bar nyi 2008 flagicon SVK Slovak National Cyclo cross Championships Slovakia , Robert Gavenda 2010 flagicon ESP Spanish National Cyclo cross Championships Spain , Jos Antonio Hermida 2008 flagicon ESP Spanish National ... flagicon SUI Swiss National Cyclo cross Championships Switzerland , Christian Heule 2008 flagicon SUI Swiss National Cyclo cross Championships Switzerland , Lukas Fl ckiger 2010 flagicon USA USA Cycling ... more details
FileCross River National Park.svg thumb Park locations The park was first proposed in 1965, but serious ...Infobox protected area name Cross River National Park alt name iucn category II photo Kwafalls.jpg photo alt photo caption Kwa Falls , Cross River National Park photo width map Nigeria relief map alt map caption map width location Cross River State , flag Nigeria nearest city lat d 5.580451 lat m lat ... 1991 visitation num visitation year governing body world heritage site url The Cross River National Park is a List of national parks of Nigeria national park of Nigeria , located in Cross River ... the park and being given development aid. ref name Terborgh2002 The Cross River National Park CRNP ... Okwangwo Division FileCross River Okwangwo.svg thumb 300px Okwankwo division and bordering protected ... when stripped of their plant cover. ref name BirdlifeOkwangwo Biodiversity FileCross river gorilla.jpg ... Tourism potential File Preuss s red colobus.jpg thumb Preuss s Red Colobus in the adjacent Korup National ... year 2010 title Important Bird Areas factsheet Cross River National Park Oban Division accessdate ... title The Role of the Cross River National Park in Gorilla Conservation accessdate 2010 10 05 ref ... wheretogo hot destinations cross river state national park.html title Cross River State ... cite web url http hospitalitynigeria.com cross park.php title Cross River National Park, Cross ... title Small Farmers and Forest Loss in Cross River National Park, Nigeria author Uwem E. Ite ... books.google.ca books?id Gh NpcHFnToC&pg PA350 page 350ff chapter The Cross River National Park title ... crossriver Default.aspx title Cross River National Park publisher Nigeria National Park Service accessdate ... Staffs Job Perception in Cross River National Park, Southern Nigeria author J.A. Ogunjobi, A.J. ... 2010 11 06 ref Protected areas of Nigeria . Category National parks of Nigeria Category Cross River ... Chimpanzee s, Drill mammal Drill s and in Okwangwo Cross River Gorilla s. ref name BirdlifeOban ref ... more details
In social science disciplines such as sociology , political science , geography , and economics , crossnational research is the technique of analyzing an event or process that takes place within a country, while comparing the way that event or process takes place across many different countries. Crossnational research may be qualitative, as in Theda Skocpol s States and Social Revolutions. Alternatively, it may be quantitative, as in Seymour Martin Lipset s research on modernization theory. Crossnational research is a subject of debate. Some scholars object because this kind of research involves comparing dissimilar countries and cultures, while others argue that crossnational quantitative analysis requires unrealistic assumptions. Others defend the research practice, arguing that it may be problematic but it provides a tool for answering questions that would otherwise be unanswerable. References McIntyre, A. 1973 Is a Science of Comparative Politics Possible? In The Philosophy of Social Explanation Ed. Alan Ryan. Oxford Oxford University Press. Bartolini, S. 1990 The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860 1980 The Class Cleavage Cambridge Cambridge University Press. pp. 35 53 socio stub Category Research ... more details
Holy CrossNational Forest was established as the Holy Cross Forest Reserve by the U.S. Forest Service in Colorado on August 25, 1905 with convert 990720 acre km2 . It became a United States National Forest National Forest on March 4, 1907. On August 7, 1920 Sopris National Forest was absorbed. On January 1, 1945 the entire forest was transferred to White River National Forest and the name was discontinued. ref citation title PDFlink http www.foresthistory.org ASPNET places National 20Forests 20of 20the 20U.S.pdf National Forests of the United States 341 KB date September 29, 2005 author Davis, Richard C. publisher The Forest History Society ref References reflist External links http www.foresthistory.org Forest History Society http www.foresthistory.org ASPNET places National 20Forests 20of 20the 20U.S.pdf Forest History Society Listing of the National Forests of the United States Text from Davis, Richard C., ed. Encyclopedia of American Forest and Conservation History. New York Macmillan Publishing Company for the Forest History Society, 1983. Vol. II, pp. 743 788. coord missing Colorado Category Former National Forests of Colorado ... more details
CrossNational Cooperation And Agreements Category International trade Category Supranational unions ... with national differences ref name Daniels, J. 2007 . North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA North ... more details
Infobox sport governing body name Grand NationalCross Country Series abbrev GNCC logo GNCC Racing Logo.gif jurisdiction USA founded 1979 founder Dave Coombs headquarters Morgantown, West Virginia url www.gnccracing.com The Can Am Grand NationalCross Country Series is America s premier off road motorcycle, ATV and UTV racing series. Founded in 1979, the 13 round championship is produced exclusively by Racer Productions. Cross country racing is one of the most physically demanding sports in the world. The grueling three hour GNCC races lead as many as 1,800 riders through tracks ranging in length from ten to twelve miles, competing for more than 3 million in prizes. With varying terrain through the woods riders also contend with hills, mud, rocks, roots, motocross sections and more. GNCC events are tests of both survival and speed. The GNCC events attract riders from all 50 states and around the world. Race lengths Youth ATV s 1 Hour AM ATV s 2 Hours PM ATV s 2 Hours Bike Youth 90 Minutes AM Bikes 2 Hours PM Bikes 3 Hours and no less than 2 hours and 45 minutes Current GNCC Events River Ranch GNCC River Ranch, Florida br The General GNCC Washington, Georgia br Steele Creek GNCC Morganton, North Carolina br Big Buck GNCC Union, South Carolina br The Mammoth GNCC Park City, Kentucky br Indy 100 GNCC Springville, Indiana br Buckwheat GNCC Masontown, West Virginia br Snowshoe Mountain Snowshoe GNCC Snowshoe Resort, West Virginia br The John Penton GNCC Millfield, Ohio br Unadilla GNCC New Berlin, New York br Power Line Park GNCC St. Clairsville, Ohio br The Ironman GNCC Crawfordsville ... Legends Ed Lojak 4 Time 100 Miler Series Champion, 5 Time GNCC Champion, 6 Time AMA National Hare ... Owner, 7 time AMA National Enduro Champion br Scott Summers 5 time GNCC Bike Champion, 4 time AMA National Hare Scramble Champion br Scott Plessinger 2 Time GNCC Champion br Fred Andrews Team FAR ... known as America s Toughest Race Dave also promoted the first ever AMA National Hare Scramble which ... more details
Summary All forcing agents atmorspheric CO sub 2 sub equivalent concentrations ppm . ref http www.iiasa.ac.at web apps tnt RcpDb ref Licensing self cc zero References reflist ... more details
Information Description Equivalent circuit of the short coupled line directional coupler. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 5th June 2011 Author User Spinningspark font style background fafad2 color C08000 Spinning font User talk Spinningspark font style color 4840a0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy http en.wikipedia.org wiki User Spinningspark Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
Information Description Equivalent circuit of a semi lumped mechanical filter with disk flexual resonators. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 20th November 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
File Definition of equivalent width.jpg thumb A diagram indicating the equivalent width corresponding to the absorption line, which is shown in red. The equivalent width of a spectral line is a measure of the area of the line on a plot of luminous intensity intensity versus wavelength . It is found by forming a rectangle with a height equal to that of continuum emission, and finding the width such that the area of the rectangle is equal to the area in the spectral line. It is a measure of the strength of spectral features that is primarily used in astronomy . ref name co cite book author Carroll, Bradly Ostlie, Dale title An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics publisher Pearson Addison Wesley year 2007 isbn 0321442849 url http books.google.com books?id zaSpQgAACAAJ ref Definition Formally, the equivalent width is given by the equation math W lambda int 1 F lambda F 0 d lambda math . ref name ... lambda math is negative, and so the absolute value is used. Applications The equivalent width is used as a quantitative measure of the strength of spectral features. The equivalent width is a convenient ... rendering the height of the emission line a poor measure of its overall strength. The equivalent width ... Thus the equivalent width can in many conditions yield the number of absorbing or emitting atoms. ref name co For example, measurements of the equivalent width of the Balmer series Balmer alpha transition ... or Weak lined T Tauri star weak lined . ref name formation of stars The equivalent width is also be used in studying star formation in Lyman series Lyman alpha galaxy galaxies , as the equivalent width ... indicators and line equivalent width in Lya galaxies journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society volume 401 issue 4 pages 2343 2348 year 2010 bibcode 2010MNRAS.401.2343D ref The equivalent ... is needed. References reflist External links http astronomy.swin.edu.au cms astro cosmos E Equivalent Width Equivalent Width in the SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy Category Emission spectroscopy Category ... more details
FileEquivalent Wts Larousse 1868.jpg thumb right Table of the equivalent weights of the elements published in 1866. Equivalent weight also known as gram equivalent is a term which has been used in several contexts in chemistry . In its most general usage, it is the mass of one equivalent chemistry equivalent ... file E02192 title equivalent entity ref Nevertheless, given the decline in use of the term ... publications analytical compendium Cha06sec3.pdf ref Equivalent weight has the Dimensional ... quantity dimensionless . Equivalent weights were originally determined by experiment, but insofar as they are still used are now derived from molar mass es. Additionally, the equivalent weight of a compound ... electrical charges that result from the dissolution of the compound. History File Jeremias Benjamin ... tables of equivalent weights, and also the coiner of the word stoichiometry . The first tables of equivalent ... for the chemical element elements taking the equivalent weight of hydrogen to be one unit of mass ... . One gram of hydrogen reacts with eight grams of oxygen to produce nine grams of water, so the equivalent ..., many chemists found equivalent weights to be a useful tool even if they did not subscribe to atomic theory . Equivalent weights were a useful generalisation of Joseph Proust Joseph Proust s law of definite ... embraced it earlier in his career, but was a staunch supporter of equivalent weights. quotation Insofar ... of experiment. Jean Baptiste Dumas , lecture at the Coll ge de France , 1843 44 ref name Larousse Equivalent ... can be taken to be equivalent to one gram of hydrogen for the measurement of equivalent weights ... has two equivalent weights. Supporters of atomic weights could turn to the Dulong Petit law ... of equivalent weights had to accept that some elements had multiple equivalents . ref name Larousse The final death blow for the use of equivalent weights for the elements was the Dmitri Mendeleev ... of the elements to the approximate order of their atomic weights. However, equivalent weights ... more details
The equivalent symbol eq or Eq , sometimes termed the molar equivalent, is a Unit of measurement unit of amount of substance used in chemistry and the biology biological sciences . The equivalent is formally defined as the amount of a substance which will either react with or supply one mole unit mole of hydrogen ion s H sup sup in an acid base reaction or react with or supply one mole of electron s in a redox reaction . ref GoldBookRef file E02192 title equivalent entity ref ref name OrangeBook OrangeBook3rd section 6.3 url http old.iupac.org publications analytical compendium Cha06sec3.pdf ref The mass of one equivalent of a substance is called its equivalent weight . A historical definition, used especially for the chemical element s, describes an equivalent as the amount of a substance that will react with one gram of hydrogen , or with eight grams of oxygen or with convert 35.5 g of chlorine or displaces any of the three. ref name Larousse citation contribution wikt fr Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe si cle Atome Atome title Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe si cle publisher Pierre Larousse location Paris date 1866 volume 1 pages 868 73 . fr icon ref In practice, the amount of a substance in equivalents often has a very small magnitude, so it is frequently described in terms of milliequivalents mEq or meq , the prefix milli denoting that the measure is divided by 1000. Very often, the measure is used in terms of milliequivalents of solution solute per litre of solvent or Concentration Normality milliNormal , where mEq l mN . This is especially common for measurement of compounds in biological fluids for instance, the healthy level of potassium in the blood of a human is defined between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq l. Use in biochemistry and medicine The composition of drug preparations, such as Intravenous intravenous fluids , is often stated in Molarity Molarity mmol l rather than mEq l. The molarity refers to the number of dissolved particles, and does not account ... more details
The term human equivalent is used in a number of different contexts. This term can refer to human equivalents of various comparisons of animate and inanimate things. Animal models in chemistry and medicine Animal model s are used to learn more about a disease, its medical diagnosis diagnosis and its therapy treatment , with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71 of cases. ref cite journal author Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D, et al. title Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals journal Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. volume 32 issue 1 pages 56 67 year 2000 pmid 11029269 doi 10.1006 rtph.2000.1399 url ref The human equivalent dose HED or human equivalent concentration HEC is the quantity of a chemical that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to that produced in test animals by a smaller dose. ref BusinessDictionary.com definition. http www.businessdictionary.com definition human equivalent dose.html . ref Calculating the HED is a step in carrying out a clinical trial of a pharmaceutical drug . ref U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Estimating the Safe Starting Dose in Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers. http www.fda.gov CBER gdlns dose.htm . ref Human energy usage and conversion The concept of human equivalent energy H e assists in understanding of energy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms it provides a feel for the use of a given amount of energy by expressing it in terms of the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism , ref Bicycle calculator speed, weight, wattage etc. http bikecalculator.com . ref assuming an average human energy expenditure of 12,500 joule kJ per day and a basal metabolic rate of 80 watt s. ref Cross, R. & Spencer ... dog years , representing a conversion to human equivalent years. One formula for cat years is based ... years i.e. human equivalent years , and a 10 year old cat 10 1 4 16 52 in human terms. ref http www.metpet.com ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 A gate equivalent GE stands for a unit of measure which allows to specify manufacturing technology independent complexity of digital circuit digital electronic circuits . For today s CMOS technologies, the silicon area of a two input drive strength one Negated AND gate NAND logic gate gate usually constitutes the technology dependent unit area commonly referred to as gate equivalent. A specification in gate equivalents for a certain circuit reflects a complexity measure, from which a corresponding silicon area can be deduced for a dedicated manufacturing technology. In digital circuit design, a dedicated standard cell standard cell library is employed for each manufacturing technology e.g., CMOS . The standard cell standard cell library comprises many different logic gate s, for example a NAND gate. For each logical type of logic gate , e.g., a two input NAND, there usually exist different physical realizations in the standard cell standard cell library , for instance with different output drive strengths. Basically, a two input drive strength one NAND gate in CMOS technology consists of four transistor s. If higher output drive strength is required, an additional output driver stage of four transistor s is added. References http www.cambridge.org catalogue catalogue.asp?isbn 0521882672 Digital Integrated Circuit Design From VLSI Architectures to CMOS Fabrication , Hubert Kaeslin, Cambridge University Press, 2008 See also Logic gate Logic family CMOS NMOS logic Transistor Standard cell MOSFET Fanout FO4 Boolean logic Digital circuit External links http www.icknowledge.com glossary g.html IC Knowledge Glossary of Integrated Circuit Terminology http www.st.com stonline press news glossary g.htm ST Microelectronics Online Glossary http www.national.com analog quality glossary quality National Semiconductor Glossary of Semiconductor Quality Terms Digital systems Category Logic gates ... more details
A skin equivalent is an in vitro skin model using to conduct experiments on processes involving the skin, such as wound healing and keratinocyte migration. It is a more complex form of the dermal equivalent ref Macrophages restrain contraction of an in vitro wound healing model http www.springerlink.com content g518380278431706 ref . References references Category Skin ... more details
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