In agriculture , cropyield also known as agricultural output is not only a measure of the yield of cereal per unit area of land under tillage cultivation , yield is also the seed generation of the plant itself e.g. one wheat grain produces a stalk yielding three grain, or 1 3 . Citation needed date January 2010 Or date January 2010 The figure, 1 3 is considered by agronomists as the minimum required to sustain human life. ref Pipes, Richard, Russia under the Old Regime Charles Scribner s Sons, NY 1974 p.8 ref One of the three seeds must be set aside for the next planting season, the remaining two either consumed by the grower, or one for human consumption and the other for livestock feed Citation needed date January 2010 . The higher the surplus, the more livestock can be established and maintained, thereby increasing the physical and economic well being of the farmer and his family. This, in turn, resulted in better stamina, better over all health, and better, more efficient work. In addition, the more the surplus the more draft animals horse and oxen could be supported and harnessed to work, and manure, the soil thereby easing the farmer s burden. Increased crop yields meant few ... for improved seed which improved cropyield. Thus allowing the farmer to raise his income by bringing more food to non farming city markets. History Historically speaking, a major increase in cropyield took place in the early eighteenth century with the end of the ancient, wasteful cycle of the three course system of crop rotation whereby a third of the land lay fallow every year and hence taken out of human food, and animal feed, production. It was to be replaced by the four course system of crop ... yield Citation needed date January 2010 . See also Crop rotation Green Revolution Second Green Revolution Sustainable agriculture Yield wine Notes See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes ... fields to eat the crop, trample the leavings under their feet into the soil, and by doing all ... more details
wiktionarypar yield Science, mathematics, and engineering Yield casting , the ratio of usable casting to scrap by weight Yield chemistry , the amount of product obtained as a result of a chemical reaction Yield engineering , the change from elastic deformation to permanent plastic deformation of a structure Yield strength , an engineering term for the amount of stress that a material can undergo before plastic deformation Yield surface , a surface generated by yield strengths for all possible stresses in every direction The name of the arrow symbol used in a chemical equation Fission product yield Nuclear weapon yield , the amount of energy discharged when the weapon explodes Rolled Throughput Yield , a statistical tool in Six Sigma See also Throughput Yield or First Pass Yield Semiconductor device fabrication Semiconductor fabrication yield , the proportion of devices produced which function correctly Specific yield , a ratio used to evaluate the groundwater production from an aquifer Agriculture and food production Cropyield , a measure of the output per unit area of land under cultivation Yield wine , the corresponding measure in viticulture Maximum sustainable yield , the largest yield catch that can be taken from a species stock over an indefinite period Yield class , an expression of the productivity of a stand of timber Wool yield , refers to the amount of clean wool present in a greasy lot and is objectively measured. Specific yield , a ratio used to evaluate the groundwater production from an aquifer Yield grade , a grading program for meat that measures the amount of usable meat on a carcass Business and finance Yield finance , a rate of return based on what the holder earns with direct incomes on a financial instrument or security Dividend yield , the current or yield to maturity of common or preferred share dividends Yield aviation , the revenue an airline ... science, a point of return and re entry of a coroutine Terminal yield , in formal language theory ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Otheruses File New World Domesticated plants.JPG thumb right 280px Domesticated plants File Drying Crop in rural Punjabi home.JPG thumb right 280px Crops drying in a home in Punjab, India . A crop is a non animal species or variety botany variety that is grown to be harvest ed as food , livestock fodder , biofuel fuel or for any other economic purpose. Major world crops include maize corn , wheat , rice , soybean s, hay , potato es and cotton . While the term crop most commonly refers to plant s, it can also include species from other kingdom biology biological kingdoms . For example, mushroom s like shiitake , which are in the fungi kingdom, can be referred to as crops. In addition, certain species of algae are also cultivated , although it is also harvested from the wild. In contrast, animal species that are raised by human s are called livestock, except those that are kept as pet s. Microbial species, such as bacteria or virus es, are referred to as microbiological culture cultures . Microbes are not typically grown for food, but are rather used to alter food. For example, bacteria is used to fermentation food ferment milk to produce yogurt . See also Agriculture Break crop Bumper crop Cash crop Catch crop Cover crop Crop diversity Crop residue Crop rotation Crop weed Crop wild relative Crop lien system Energy crop Fiber crop Industrial crop Intercropping Multiple cropping Nurse crop Permanent crop Protein crop Sharecropping Underutilized crop Farming Category Crops Agri stub bg cs U itkov rostliny de Feldfrucht fr Moisson agriculture id Tanaman lt Kult riniai augalai ms Tanaman ja ko nl Gewas pl Plon ru simple Crop sk Plodina fi Viljelykasvi sv Gr da ta te th uk vi C y tr ng yi zh ... more details
Infobox Film name The Crop writer George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot starring George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot , br Holly Brisley , br Rhys Muldoon director Scott Patterson film director Scott Patterson producer distributor Miracle released 2004 runtime 103 minutes country FilmAustralia language English music awards budget The Crop is a 2004 Australian comedy film set during the 1980 s. Plot The Crop, set in the early 80s in Australia, is about larrikin nightclub owner, Ronnie Blade Gillette, and his barmaid girlfriend Geraldine. Two months after random breath testing has been introduced, Blade realises he s going broke. Afraid of driving under the influence, his customers are not buying his grog they re going out to the carpark to smoke dope. Like any good businessman, Blade decides he needs a strategy. He decides to grow some dope as a way out of his financial hole. Cast George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot Holly Brisley Rhys Muldoon Rudi Baker Tony Barry Kelly Butler Sam O Dell Rob Steele Vincent Stone Tahnee Stroet Bruce Venables John Howard Australian actor John Howard Box Office The Crop grossed 208,739 at the box office in Australia. ref http film.vic.gov.au resources documents AA4 Aust Box office report.pdf Film Victoria Australian Films at the Australian Box Office ref See also Cinema of Australia References Reflist External links imdb title 0416666 http colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au nfsa search display display.w3p adv yes group groupequals holdingType page 0 parentid query 602683 querytype rec 0 resCount 10 The Crop at the National Film and Sound Archive DEFAULTSORT Crop, The Category 2000s comedy films Category 2004 films Category Australian comedy films Category Australian films Category English language films Category Cannabis related films Australia film stub 2000s comedy film stub ... more details
Milling yield is a general term that can refer to the milling of any cereal crop. Wheat milling yield refers to the percent of flour obtained from a given unit of whole wheat kernels flour yield or flour extraction rate , averaging 70 75 in the United States. Rice milling yield refers to the amount of polished white rice obtained from unhusked rough rice. Rice milling rates for polished white rice vary by crop variety and quality, but tend to average about 72 of rough rice weight in the United States. Byproducts from rice milling include rice hulls about 20 of rough rice weight and bran, polish, and germ about 8 . References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Milling Yield Category Agriculture in the United States ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Yield Gap or Yield Ratio is the ratio of the dividend yield of an equity and the yield finance yield of a long term government bond. Typically equities have a higher yield as a percentage of the market price of the equity thus reflecting the higher risk of holding an equity. ref http glossary.reuters.com index.php Yield Gap Yield Gap Reuter s Financial Glossary ref ref http moneyterms.co.uk yield gap Yield Gap Moneyterms ref math mbox Yield Gap frac mbox Yield Ratio of Equity mbox Yield Ratio of Bond math The purpose of calculating the yield gap is to assess whether the equity is over or under priced as compared to bonds. For a given equity, the following cases may be considered If the yield gap is numerically small, then equity yield is lower than bond yield implying that the equity is overpriced. If the yield gap is numerically large, then equity yield is higher than bond yield implying that the equity is cheap. See also Yield finance References reflist Category Financial ratios econometrics stub ... more details
onesource date July 2008 The current yield , interest yield , income yield , flat yield or running yield is a finance financial term used in reference to bond finance bond s and other securities fixed interest securities such as gilts . It is the ratio of the annual interest payment and the bond s current clean price ref http abinomics.com glossary finance c Current Yield Current Yield Abinomics.com ref math text Current yield frac text Annual interest payment text Clean price . math The current yield only therefore refers to the yield of the bond at the current moment. It does not reflect the total return over the life of the bond. In particular, it takes no account of reinvestment risk the uncertainty about the rate at which future cashflows can be reinvested or the fact that bonds usually ... yield to maturity and coupon rate The concept of current yield is closely related to other bond concepts, including yield to maturity , and coupon yield . When a bond sells at a discount YTM current yield coupon yield a premium coupon yield current yield YTM par value par YTM current yield coupon yield. Current Yield Total Yield Capital Gains Yield The current yield is the annual payment divided by the price. Algebraically expressed as Y R P, where Y is yield, R is the annual payment, and P represents .... A high yield will produce a relative payment and a low yield will do the same. When the yields of several periods are compared a higher yield will show a higher payment with less risk associated. This equates to investors expecting a higher yield over a length of investing. The possibility of market risks are ignored. Example Calculation To calculate the current yield of a bond with a face value ... math text Current Yield frac F times r P frac 100 times 5.00 95.00 frac 5.00 95.00 5.2631 math See also Adjusted current yield References reflist http www.investopedia.com terms c currentyield.asp Current Yield at investopedia.com Bond market Category Mathematical finance Category Bonds Category ... more details
In viticulture , the yield is a measure of the amount of grape s or wine that is produced per unit surface of vineyard , and is therefore a type of cropyield . Two different types of yield measures are commonly used, mass of grapes per vineyard surface, or volume of wine per vineyard surface. ref name OCW cite encyclopedia editor Jancis Robinson encyclopedia Oxford Companion to Wine edition Third Edition title Yield year 2006 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford isbn 0 19 860990 6 pages 780 781 ref The yield is often seen as a quality factor, with lower yields associated with wines with more concentrated flavours, and the maximum allowed yield is therefore regulated for many wine appellation s. Units and conversions In most of Europe , yield is measured in hectoliter per hectare , i.e., by the volume of wine. In most of the New World , yield is measured in ton per acres TPA , i.e., by mass of grapes. Measures in ton or kilogram per hectare are also seen. Due to differing winemaking procedures for different styles of wine, and different properties of different grape varieties, the amount of wine produced from a unit mass of grapes varies. It is therefore not possible to make an exact conversion between these units. Representative figures for the amount of grapes needed for 100 l 1 hl of wine are 160 kg for white wine , 130 kg for red wine , and 140 kg for a mixture ... Yield hl ha ref The yield has been calculated using the entire national vineyard area. This leads to an underestimation of the yield from wine producing vineyards for countries with a significant ... 73 248 5.8 Austrian wine Austria 52 50 2.6 Yield as an indication of quality While yield is generally ... for each appellation d origine contr l e AOC . The maximum allowed yield for given AOC in a given vintage is a combination of the base yield of the AOC, as modified by the plafond limite de classement ... around 20 per cent above the base yield. ref name OCW See also Irrigation in viticulture References ... more details
In chemistry , yield , also referred to as chemical yield and reaction yield , is the amount of substance amount of Product chemistry product obtained in a chemical reaction . ref name vogel Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. and P.W.G. Smith. Vogel s Textbook of Practical OrganicHall, 19936 3. ref The absolute yield can be given as the weight in gram s or in Mole unit moles molar yield . The fractional yield , relative yield , or percentage yield , which serve to measure the effectiveness of a Chemical synthesis synthetic procedure , is calculated by dividing the amount of the obtained product in moles by the theoretical yield in moles center math mbox fractional yield frac mbox actual yield mbox theoretical yield math center To obtain the percentage yield , one must multiply the fractional yield by 100 e.g., 0.673 67.3 .. One or more reactants in a chemical reaction are often used in excess. The theoretical yield is therefore calculated based on the molar amount of the limiting reactant , taking into account the stoichiometry of the reaction. For the calculation it is usually assumed that there is only one reaction involved. The ideal or theoretical yield of a chemical reaction would be 100 , a value that is impossible to achieve due to limitations in measurement accuracy. According to Vogel s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, yields around 100 are called quantitative , yields above about 90 are called excellent , yields above about 80 very good , yields above about 70 are called good , yields below about 50 are called fair , yields below about 40 are called poor . ref name vogel Yields may appear to be above 100 when products are impure. Purification steps always lower the yield and the reported yields usually refer to the yield of the final purified product. References reflist See also Quantum yield Category Stoichiometry chem stub ar de Ausbeute Chemie et Saagis es Rendimiento qu mico fr Rendement chimique id Rendemen kimia ... more details
In finance , mortgage yield is a measure of yield finance yield of Mortgage backed security mortgage backed bonds . It is also known as cash flow yield. The mortgage yield, or cash flow yield, of a mortgage backed bond is the discount rate at which net present value of all future cash flows from the bond will be equal to the present price of the bond. ref Choudhry, Moorad. Capital Market Instruments Analysis and Valuation , FT Press, 2002 , p. 208. ref Formula When the coupon payments are made on a monthly basis, the mortgage yield can be calculated as math mbox Mortgage Yield ri such that P sum n 1 N frac C t 1 ri 1200 t 1 math Where t the time of the cash flow n each instance of coupon payment r the discount rate math C t math the net cash flow the amount of cash at time t. Application Mortgage yields are primarily a tool for comparing the mortgage bonds market with conventional bonds. The difference between the mortgage backed bond s yield and a conventional bond is called the yield curve spread . See also Yield curve spread References reflist Bond market Category Structured finance Category Fixed income analysis econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In the United States , 30 day yield is a standardized yield finance yield calculation for bond fund s. The formula for calculating 30 day yield is specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission SEC . The formula translates the bond fund s current Portfolio finance portfolio income into a standardized yield for reporting and comparison purposes. A bond fund s 30 day yield may appear in the fund s Statement of Additional Information SAI in its prospectus finance prospectus . Because the 30 day yield is a standardized mandatory calculation for all United States bond funds, it serves as a common ground comparison of yield performance. Its weakness lies in the fact that funds tend to trade actively and do not hold bonds until maturity. In addition, funds do not mature. For this reason, analysts often consider a distribution yield to be a better measure of a fund s income generating potential. United States money market funds report a 7 Day SEC Yield . The rate expresses how much the fund would yield if it paid income at the same level as it did in the prior 7 days for a whole year. It is calculated by taking the sum of the income paid out over the period divided by 7, and multiplying that quantity by 36500 365 days x 100 . Bond fund yield calculation The SEC yield calculation for a bond fund is essentially a yield to maturity for the bond portfolio. Because bond funds trade actively and prices fluctuate, the rate may not be a good indicator of future results. However, because the calculation is standardized, it provides a good comparison measure for funds. The formula for SEC 30 day yield is Yield 2 a b cd 1 6 1 Where a dividends and interest b accrued expenses c average daily number of outstanding shares that were entitled to distributions d the maximum public offering price per share on the last day of the period DEFAULTSORT 30 Day Yield Category Fixed income analysis ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Nominal yield or coupon yield is the Coupon bond coupon rate of a fixed income security , which is a fixed percentage of the par value. Unlike current yield , it does not vary with the market price of the security. Bond market DEFAULTSORT Nominal Yield Category Bonds Category Fixed income analysis Econ stub ... more details
A yield line, also called Shark s teeth is a type of road surface marking used to inform drivers of the point where they need to yield to conflicting vehicle or pedestrian traffic at an intersection or roundabout controlled by a yield sign . Layout of yield lines from the US MUTCD http mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov htm 2009 part3 fig3b 16 longdesc.htm Category Road infrastructure da Vigelinje nl Haaientanden verkeer Civil engineering stub ... more details
Financial markets The Yield to maturity YTM or redemption yield of a Bond finance bond or other security ... will be made on schedule. Yield to maturity is actually an estimation of future return, as the rate at which coupon payments can be reinvested when received is unknown. ref Wikinvest Yield to Maturity Yield to Maturity on Wikinvest ref It enables investors to compare the merits of different financial ... annually see compound interest thus, for example, an annual effective yield of 10.25 would be quoted as 5.00 , because 1.05 x 1.05 1.1025 . The yield is usually quoted without making any allowance for tax paid by the investor on the return, and is then known as gross redemption yield . It also does not make any allowance for the dealing costs incurred by the purchaser or seller . If the yield to maturity ... is selling at par value par . Variants of yield to maturity As some bonds have different characteristics, there are some variants of YTM Yield to call when a bond is callable can be repurchased by the issuer before the maturity , the market looks also to the Yield to call, which is the same calculation of the YTM, but assumes that the bond will be called, so the cashflow is shortened. Yield to put same as yield to call, but when the bond holder has the option to sell the bond back to the issuer at a fixed price on specified date. Yield to worst when a bond is callable, puttable, exchangeable, or has other features, the yield to worst is the lowest yield of yield to maturity, yield to call, yield to put, and others. Example Consider a 30 year zero coupon bond with a face value of 100. If the bond ... period, interest rates decline, and the yield to maturity on the bond falls to 7 . With 20 ... the yield to maturity for the remaining life of the bond is just 7 , and the yield to maturity bargained ... 90 for the bond. The current yield is 5.56 5 90 100 . If you hold the bond until maturity, ABC Company ... get 105, so your yield to maturity is 16.67 105 90 1 or 105 90 90 . See also Bond valuation Yield ... more details
The quantum yield of a radiation induced process is the number of times that a defined event occurs per photon absorbed by the system. The event could be the decomposition of a reactant molecule center math Phi frac rm reactant molecules decomposed rm photons absorbed math center Quantum Yield can also be defined in fluorescence emission in which case the quantum yield is a measure of the efficiency with which absorbed light produces some effect and the quantum yield can be defined by the equation center math Phi frac rm photons emitted rm photons absorbed math center Here, quantum yield is essentially the emission efficiency of a given fluorochrome. Example Quantum yield is used in modeling photosynthesis Skillman 2008 center math Phi frac rm mu mol CO 2 fixed rm mu mol photons absorbed math center See also Quantum efficiency Quantum Efficiency References reflist Skillman, J.B. 2008. Quantum yield variation across the three pathways of photosynthesis not yet out of the dark. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59 7 1647 1661 doi 10.1093 jxb ern029 DEFAULTSORT Quantum Yield Category Radiation Category Spectroscopy Category Photochemistry it Resa quantica uk ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Earnings yield is the quotient of earnings per share divided by the share price . It is the Multiplicative inverse reciprocal of the P E ratio . The earnings yield is quoted as a percentage, allowing an easy comparison to going bond rates. Applications The earnings yield can be used to compare the earnings of a stock , sector or the whole stock market market against bond yields. Generally, the earnings yields of equities are higher than the yield of risk free treasury bonds reflecting the additional risk involved in equity investments. The average P E ratio for U.S. stocks from 1900 to 2005 is 14, Citation needed date October 2007 which equates to an earnings yield of over 7 . Other uses Earnings yield is one of the factors discussed in Joel Greenblatt Joel Greenblatt s Magic Formula Investing The Little Book That Beats the Market . However, Greenblatt uses an adjusted earnings yield formula to account for the fact that different companies have different debt levels and tax rates. Stock market DEFAULTSORT Earnings Yield Category Financial ratios Category Financial terminology ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 The sustainable yield of natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, i.e. the Economic surplus surplus required to maintain nature s services at the same or increasing level over time. This yield usually varies over time with the needs of the ecosystem to maintain itself, e.g. a forest that has recently suffered a blight or flooding or fire will require more of its own ecological yield to sustain and re establish a mature forest. While doing so, the sustainable yield may be much less. In forestry terms it is the largest amount of harvest activity that can occur without degrading the productivity of the stock. For example in fisheries, the basic natural capital or virgin population, must decrease with extraction. At the same time productivity increases. Hence, sustainable yield would be within the range in which the natural capital together with its production are able to provide satisfactory yield. It may be very difficult to quantify sustainable yield, because every dynamic ecological conditions and other factors not related to harvesting induce changes and fluctuations in both, the natural capital and its productivity. In the case of groundwater there is a safe yield of water extraction per unit time, beyond which the aquifer risks the state of overdrafting or even depletion. In popular culture The environmental superhero Captain Planet from the animated television series Captain Planet and the Planeteers has a Ph. D. in sustainable yield. http turner.com planet static intro song.html See also Sustainable yield in fisheries Sustainability Category Conservation Category Economics terminology Category Renewable resources Sustainability stub zh ... more details
Financial markets In finance , the yield spread is the difference between the quoted rates of return on two different investments, usually of different credit quality. It is a compound of Yield finance yield and spread finance spread . The yield spread of X over Y is simply the percentage return on investment return on investment ROI from financial instrument X minus the percentage return on investment from financial instrument Y per annum . The yield spread is a way of comparing any two financial ... bond yield to 9 , the market is forecasting a greater risk of default which implies a slowing economy ... in less risk due to an expanding economy . There are several measures of yield spread, including Z spread and option adjusted spread . Yield Spread Analysis Yield spread analysis is made by comparing .... When referring to the yield spread of X over Y, it is just the percentage return on investment from ... for an investor to determine his options by analysing risk and return of investment. The yield spread ..., the yield spread analysis is also beneficial when you are a lender because it can help you determine ... at six percent, the difference of one percent is the yield spread, which is the additional interest ... brokers who offer loans with yield spreads. This is to encourage brokers to search for borrowers willing to pay for the yield spreads. Yield spread analysis assumes that there exists normal relationship ... will be affected. a. Yield volatility and the behavior of embedded options b. The effect of yield volatility on the business cycle c. Yield volatility and transaction liquidity Consumer loans In U.S. consumer loans, particularly home Mortgage loan mortgages , a yield spread is the difference between ... difference in the interest rates is the yield spread. As the lender earns additional interest ... yield spreads, lenders typically offer yield spread premium s to the brokers who bring them loans with yield spreads. See also Yield spread premium Yield curve spread Credit spread bond Z spread Option ... more details
unreferenced date February 2009 Ecological yield is the harvestable population growth of an ecosystem . It is most commonly measured in forestry sustainable forestry is defined as that which does not logging harvest more wood in a year than has grown in that year, within a given patch of forest . However, the concept is also applicable to water , soil , and any other aspect of an ecosystem which can be both harvested and renewed the so called renewable resource s. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is reduced over time if more than the amount which is renewed refreshed or regrown or rebuilt is consumed. Nature s services analysis calculates the global yield of the Earth s biosphere to humans as a whole. This is said to be greater in size than the entire human economy. However, it is more than just yield, but also the natural processes that increase biodiversity and conserve habitat which result in the total value of these services. Yield of Forest product ecological commodities like wood or water, useful to humans, is only a part of it. Very often an ecological yield in one place offsets an ecological load in another. Greenhouse gas released in one place, for instance, is fairly evenly distributed in the earth s atmosphere atmosphere , and so greenhouse gas control can be achieved by creating a carbon sink literally anywhere else. Ecocide is thought by some green economists to be accelerated by debt instruments which demand a yield economics yield greater than the ecological capacity to renew. This is a major question in monetary reform . See also Portal box Environment Ecology Earth sciences Sustainable development Maximum sustainable yield Full cost accounting Comprehensive outcome Sustainability Uneconomic growth References Reflist modelling ecosystems expanded other modelling ecosystems DEFAULTSORT Ecological Yield Category Ecological processes Category Ecological metrics Category Forestry forestry stub simple Ecological yield ... more details
The dividend yield or the dividend price ratio on a company stock is the company s annual dividend payments ... yield Dividend payments on preferred share s are stipulated by the Prospectus finance prospectus . The company will typically refer to a preferred share by its initial name which is the yield on its ... to the market so the yield based on the current price fluctuates. Owners of preferred shares calculate ... yield is the Dividend Pfd share current price. Since the share may be purchased at a lower higher .... Solve for the interest rate r . The yield to maturity is the sum of this annualized gain loss and the current yield. There are other possible yields discussed at Yield to maturity . Common share dividend yield Unlike preferred stock, there is no stipulated dividend for common stock . Instead ... for dividend yield is the current yield which is calculated using the following formula math mbox Current Dividend Yield frac mbox Most Recent Full Year Dividend mbox Current Share Price math For example ... sell for 20. Its dividend yield would be calculated as follows math begin array lcl mbox Current Dividend Yield & & frac mbox Most Recent Full Year Dividend mbox Current Share Price & & frac 1 20 ... year s dividend will be and use this as the basis of a future dividend yield. Such a scheme is used ... measures The reciprocal of the divided yield is the Price Dividend ratio. The dividend yield is related to the earnings yield via earnings yield dividend yield dividend cover , and dividend yield earnings yield dividend payout ratio . History Historically, a higher dividend yield has been considered to be desirable among investors. A high dividend yield can be considered to be evidence that a stock ... as previous ones. Similarly a low dividend yield can be considered evidence that the stock is overpriced or that future dividends might be higher. Dividend yield fell out of favor somewhat during ... of return on investments. The importance of the dividend yield in determining investment strength is still ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The roll yield is the Yield finance yield that a Futures contract futures investor captures when their futures contract converges to the spot price in a backwardation backwardated futures market the price rolls up to the spot price, so the roll yield is positive, whereas when the market is in contango the price rolls down to the spot price, so the roll yield is negative. The spot price can stay constant, but the investor will still earn returns from buying discounted futures contracts, which continuously roll up to the constant spot price. For example, suppose the spot price of oil is 58 and the market is inverted because inventories are relatively low. This means the first futures price might be at 57 and the next contract at 56. You Long finance go long the front contract as described above. Now suppose a few weeks pass and nothing happens to the spot price. The futures contract you own moves toward the spot price as delivery approaches, and we can assume the spread between the futures stays at a dollar. You sell your maturing futures near the 58 spot price and buy the next future for around 57. Note that in an inverted market you make money from the roll yield even if commodity prices remain unchanged. Roll yield can have a strong impact on the return of futures trading. The contango exhibited in Crude Oil in 2009 explains the discrepancy between the headline spot price increase bottoming at 35 and topping 80 in the year and the various tradeable instruments for Crude Oil such as rolled contracts or longer dated futures contracts showing a much lower price increase, because of the strong negative roll yield. ref cite web last Liberty first Jez authorlink Jez liberty title Crude Oil, Contango and Roll Yield for Commodity Trading url http www.automated trading system.com crude oil contango and roll yield for commodity trading ref The USO ETF using futures contracts also failed to replicate Crude Oil s spot price performance. Category Finance ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 Variable yield , or dial a yield is an option available on most modern nuclear weapon s. It allows the operator to specify a weapon s Nuclear weapon yieldyield , or explosive power, allowing a single design to be used in different situations. For example, the B61 nuclear bomb Mod 10 B61 bomb had selectable explosive yields of 0.3, 5, 10 or 80 kt, depending on how the ground crew set a dial inside the casing when it was loaded onto an aircraft. Variable yield technology has existed since at least the early 1960s. Examples of variable yield weapons include the B61 nuclear bomb family, B83 nuclear bomb B83 , W80 nuclear warhead W80 , W85 and WE177 WE.177A WE177A warheads. Most modern nuclear weapons are Teller Ulam design type thermonuclear weapon s, with a nuclear fission fission primary stage and a nuclear fusion fusion or fission secondary stage which is collapsed by the energy from the primary. These offer at least three methods to vary yield Varying primary yield by Boosted fission weapon boosting with nuclear fusion fusion , using small amounts of deuterium tritium gas inside the primary fission bomb to increase its yield. Varying primary yield by varying the timing or use of external neutron initiators ENIs . ref name NWFaq 4.1.8.2 External Neutron Initiators ENIs http www.nuclearweaponarchive.org Nwfaq Nfaq4 1.html Nfaq4.1.8 4.1.8.2 External Neutron Initiators ENIs , Nuclear Weapons FAQ, accessed 2009 06 17 ref These are small particle accelerators which cause a brief fusion reaction by accelerating deuterium into a tritium target or potentially vice versa , producing a short energetic pulse of neutrons. Precise timing of the ENI pulse as the nuclear primary s pit is collapsing can significantly affect yield, and the rate of neutron injection ... at low enough yield that it does not compress the secondary sufficiently to ignite, or by blocking ... nuclear warheads incorporate variable yield technology as standard. ref http nuclearweaponarchive.org ... more details
refimprove date January 2011 Finance sidebar In finance , the term yield describes the amount in cash ... variations, at the difference of the total Return finance return . Yield applies to various stated rates ... with increased details. Bonds, notes, bills main Bond valuation The nominal yield or coupon yield .... The current yield is those same payments divided by the bond s spot market price. The yield ... at maturity. The yield to call is the IRR on the bond s cash flows, assuming it is called at the first ... y Yield to Call Yield to Call Abinomics.com ref The yield of a bond is inversely related to its price today if the price of a bond falls, its yield goes up. Conversely, if interest rates decline the market yield declines , then the price of the bond should rise all else being equal . There is also ... by the US Treasury and have a real yield . The bond or note s face value is adjusted upwards with the CPI U, and a real yield is applied to the adjusted principal to let the investor always outperform ... yield is the total yearly payments divided by the principal value of the preferred share. The current yield is those same payments divided by the preferred share s market price. If the preferred share has a maturity not always there can also be a yield to maturity and yield to call calculated, the same ... shares Common shares will often pay out a portion of the earnings as dividends. The dividend yield ... earnings ratio quoted for common shares is the reciprocal of what is called the earnings yield . EarningsPerShare ... retirement pay out a higher yield than can be obtained with other instruments, because part of the payment ... . YearlyDistribution SharePrice. How to evaluate the yield All financial instruments compete with each other in the market place. Yield is one part of the total return of holding a security. A higher yield allows the owner to recoup his investment sooner, and so lessens risk. But on the other hand, a high yield may have resulted from a falling market value for the security as a result of higher ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Yield protection is a supposed College admissions admissions practice where a university or academic institution rejects or wait lists highly qualified students on the grounds that such students are bound to be accepted by more prestigious universities or programs. Fact date October 2010 However, many regard the yield protection theory to be a myth propagated by college students who failed to gain admission to elite universities. Yield rate refers to the proportion of students who matriculate i.e. accept an admissions offer and attend the college after acceptance to a college. Fact date August 2008 See also College admissions in the United States References references Category University and college admissions ... more details
Mechanical failure modes The yield strength or yield point of a material is defined in engineering and materials ... plastically . Prior to the yield point the material will deform Elasticity physics elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed ... space of the principal stresses math sigma 1, sigma 2 , sigma 3 math , an infinite number of yield points form together a yield surface . Knowledge of the yield point is vital when designing a component ... Image Metal yield.svg thumb right 300px Typical yield behavior for non ferrous alloys. br 1 True elastic limit br 2 Proportionality limit br 3 Elastic limit br 4 Offset yield strength It is often ... will be equal to the elastic modulus of the material. Elastic limit yield strength Beyond ... harv ref Yield point The point in the stress strain curve at which the curve levels off and plastic deformation begins to occur. ref harvnb Ross 1999 p 56 . ref Offset yield point visible anchor proof stress When a yield point is not easily defined based on the shape of the stress strain curve an offset yield point is arbitrarily defined. The value for this is commonly set at 0.1 or 0.2 of the strain ... a yield point, so this offset yield point is used on these materials. ref name ross59 Upper yield point and lower yield point Some metals, such as mild steel , reach an upper yield point before dropping rapidly to a lower yield point. The material response is linear up until the upper yield point, but the lower yield point is used in structural engineering as a conservative value. If a metal is only stressed to the upper yield point, and beyond, luders bands can develop. ref Degarmo, p. 377. ref Yield criterion A yield criterion, often expressed as yield surface, or yield locus, is a hypothesis ... of yield criterion one is purely mathematical in taking a statistical approach while other ... 3 , math . The following represent the most common yield criterion as applied to an isotropic material ... more details
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