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Encyclopedia results for Cronyism

Cronyism





Encyclopedia results for Cronyism

  1. Cronyism

    Political corruption sidebar Cronyism is partiality to long standing friends, especially by appointing them to positions of authority, regardless of their qualifications. Hence, cronyism is contrary in practice and principle to meritocracy . Cronyism exists when the appointer and the beneficiary are in social ... views contrary to those of the appointer. Politically, cronyism is derogatorily used. Etymology ... to accusations of cronyism, as they spend public money. Many democratic governments are encouraged ..., however, there often is no clear delineation of when an appointment to government office is cronyism ... the officeholder successfully obtained his or her powerful position therefore, cronyism usually is easier to perceive than to demonstrate and prove. In the private sector, cronyism exists in organizations ... cronyism and networking is difficult to delineate. Moreover, cronyism describes relationships existing ... cronies. The economic and social costs of cronyism are paid by society. Those costs are in the form ... activity. A practical cost of cronyism manifests in the poor workmanship of public and private community projects. Cronyism is self perpetuating cronyism then begets a culture of cronyism. This can ... cronyism are controversial. The appointed party may choose to either suppress disquiet or ignore ... instances of cronyism are readily transparent. As to others, it is only in hindsight that the qualifications of the alleged crony must be evaluated. Notable examples Cronyism can exist anywhere, in both ... to acts of cronyism simply because the officeholders are not accountable, and all office holders ... s appointment as cronyism seems particularly disputable in retrospect, although it is only after ... Becket in response. Examples of cronyism can be found historically in a number of communist states ... example. The business and labor community have also seen charges of cronyism. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt led an attack on the cronyism against the Petroleum oil , steel , banking and other businesses ...   more details



  1. Padrino System

    Cronyism cronies . Much evident was the appointment of University of the Philippines ROTC Unit ...   more details



  1. Liza Wright

    Orphan date February 2009 Liza Wright served George W. Bush as Assistant to President for Presidential Personnel and Director of Presidential Personnel. She was responsible for leading the team that recruits thousands of candidates for all senior level positions within the Bush Administration. Liza Wright previously served in the Bush administration as a Special Assistant to the President for Presidential Personnel. Prior to joining the administration, Wright was a Recruiter principal at Heidrick & Struggles , an executive search company. She was previously an Recruiter executive recruiter at Capital One Financial Corporation . Wright received her bachelor s degree from James Madison University . References http www.depauw.edu news index.asp?id 16270 DePauw University News Presidential Aide Liza Wright Discusses White House Hiring and Cronyism at DePauw Discourse 2005. September 16, 2005, Greencastle, Indiana http www.politicalchicks.com public pages index.cfm?pageid 165 Political Chicks Liza Wright Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Wright, Liza ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION American politician DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Wright, Liza Category Employment Category James Madison University alumni Category Living people US politician stub ...   more details



  1. No-bid contract

    Agency Cronyism Revolving door politics Notes Reflist DEFAULTSORT No Bid Contract Category Business ...   more details



  1. Good ol' boy network

    Unreferenced date October 2008 Weasel date March 2009 Good ol boy network , or Good old boys , describes a system of social network ing cronyism perceived to exist among communities and social strata. These networks are perceived to be located throughout the world. It is sometimes taken to refer to informal legal, judicial, social, religious, business, and political associations among members, good ol boy s . Some negative effects of the good ol boy network are its exclusion of others, leading to leaders of a community possibly limiting business transactions to other elites, Citation needed date December 2010 or to friends or acquaintances from within the network, to give friends better deals, and generally to reinforce traditional power structures over any other elements in the society. For example, economic geographer, Richard Florida , has several publications 2004, 2008 pointing out the concept of good old boys network , in contrast to more diverse and larger places, where creative work is allowed. Citation needed date December 2010 While the Good ol boy system has a greater potential to place those who are incompetent, Citation needed date September 2010 , less experienced, or less qualified, it can also be a quicker way of getting something done. Citation needed date December 2010 It is sometimes thought of as being a system which is used by dominant group to keep others out Citation needed date December 2010 , it is also used by other minorities in any situation where they hold majority sway Citation needed date December 2010 , or within any homogeneous community to maintain the status quo. Citation needed date December 2010 Diversity notwithstanding, this type of social construct exists around the world, with various methods of association. Citation needed date December 2010 Mob organizations could be seen as the extreme application of just this social construct. Citation needed date December 2010 See also Old boy network Cronyism Social exclusion Inclusion ...   more details



  1. R. W. Bradford

    viewed as financial mismanagement and cronyism by Libertarian Party officials. His criticism of the Libertarian ... libertarians, but his expose of financial mismanagement and cronyism is credited, along with the honest ...   more details



  1. Peter O'Brien (politician)

    www.tribune.ie news editorial opinion article 2009 may 31 david kenny chance to rip the weeds of cronyism ou title Fianna F il cronyism overriding the interests of the people publisher Sunday Tribune ...   more details



  1. Clay Oliver Hill

    notability Biographies date July 2011 Clay Oliver Hill , born October 1, 1953 in Rochelle, IL and residing in Orlando, FL As of 2004 lc on , was the Populist Democratic Viking Party challenger in the United States presidential election, 2004 2004 United States presidential election . He has run for various politics political positions, including political campaign campaigns for the United States House of Representatives House of Representatives in 1998 and 2000, also taking part in the 2000 presidential election primary election primaries . He is a farmer , and a member of the Hans Nelson Aswye branch of Lutheran ism. Little is known about Hill s presidential campaign. He has shown unusual disdain for the National Political Awareness Test , declining to state his position on any issue. Elsewhere, he has indicated strong opposition to excess political power, the war in Iraq , and adjunct cronyism . He is a firm supporter of women s right to abortion . Clay Oliver Hill s campaign does not have a website . See also Full list of candidates in the U.S. presidential election, 2004 http www.opensecrets.org states election.asp?State FL&Year 2006 Florida congressional races in 2006 at OpenSecrets.org http www.campaignmoney.com political campaigns clay oliver hill.asp?cycle 02 CampaignMoney.com Clay Oliver Hill Political Campaign Contributions and Campaign Finance Information for the 2002 election cycle http election.dos.state.fl.us cgi bin CandHtml.exe?account 42389&elecid 20061107 GEN Florida Department of State Division of Elections Clay Oliver Hill Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hill, Clay Oliver ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1953 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hill, Clay Oliver Category 1953 births Category Living people Category United States presidential candidates, 2000 Category United States presidential candidates, 2004 Category Florida politicians ...   more details



  1. Good ol' boy

    unreferenced date November 2010 Good ol boy is an United States American slang term that can have both positive and negative meanings, depending on context and usage. ref cite book title The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language edition 4th year 2000, 2009 publisher Houghton Mifflin Company location Boston isbn 0618701729 page 757 oclc 535837910 quote n. Slang A man having qualities held to be characteristic of certain Southern white males, such as a relaxed or informal manner, strong loyalty to family and friends, and often an anti intellectual bias and intolerant point of view. ref The term can be used for well socialized men who live in rural and generally American South Southern areas. If a man is humble and well thought of, he can be referred to as a good old boy , regardless of his age. It is commonly applied to men with a family or generational wealth or prestige, or Southern gentleman overall moral behavior . It can be used as a pejorative term, referring to someone who engages in cronyism among men who have known each other for a long period of time. Collectively these people are referred to using the slang term, old boys network . This network is usually all men, excluding women and minorities. Notes references DEFAULTSORT Good Ol Boy Category American slang Category Interpersonal relationships Category Pejorative terms for people Category Terms for males ...   more details



  1. GlassFrog International Aid Organization

    GlassFrog International Aid Organization , referred to simply as GlassFrog , is a not for profit organization based in Ontario, Canada. ref http www.glassfrog.org ref Infobox company name GlassFrog company logo File glassfrog yellow fade.jpg 200px type Not for Profit foundation 2010 location Ontario, Canada area served Worldwide key people Nicole Verkindt br small Founder, Director small br small Vanessa Black br small Director small br Vanessa Mancini br small Director small br Andrea Lipka br small Director small br industry International Aid, Disaster Relief homepage http www.glassfrog.org www.glassfrog.org intl yes History GlassFrog was created in December 2010 by Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Nicole Verkindt . ref http glassfrogforum.blogspot.com p message.html ref Verkindt launched the venture out of frustration after working with NGOs in post earthquake Haiti. She describes her experience there as having been slowed by bureaucracy and cronyism. ref http www.pr inside.com entrepreneurs are needed to rebuild haiti r2348129.htm ref Mission GlassFrog s mission is to promote transparency and accountability for results in the international aid process. ref http glassfrogforum.blogspot.com ref The organization hosts an online forum where http www.glassfrog.org GlassFrog Bloggers share information, news and critiques on topics related to aid and relief efforts. The forum is also used to source wikisolutions Crowdsourcing crowd sourced solutions to global issues. ref http glassfrogforum.blogspot.com p projects.html ref Funds raised by the organization are used to implement the crowd sourced solutions created by their users. ref http glassfrogforum.blogspot.com p impact.html ref Affiliations GlassFrog works in cooperation with Ultimate Haiti, ref http ultimatehaiti.com about us.html ref owned by James Boulos. GlassFrog is also affiliated with Verkindt s manufacturing company, GMA Cover Corp. GMA . ref http www.gmacover.com ref References Reflist Category Non ...   more details



  1. Nancy Nadel

    and Saturday and 5AM. ref name babyprosty Anti cronyism During the context of the 2008 Anti Nepotism ordinance, Nadel wanted the ordinance to go beyond nepotism to include cronyism or any questionable relationship involving city workers. I personally know about cronyism things that have occurred so I have no problem putting that in. The cronyism and nepotism is legendary and it goes back for 30 ... Council on November 18, 2008 on a 6 0 vote with the cronyism amendment attached. ref cite web ...   more details



  1. Michael Fleischer

    For the writer Michael Fleisher Michael Fleischer is a United States businessman from the state of New Jersey . Career On March 13, 2004 was appointed to the post of Director of Private Sector Development for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq . He had been a deputy in the Office of Private Sector Development since November 2003. He took leave from Bogen Communications International, Inc., where he was president and a member of the Board of Directors, in order to serve in Iraq. He has since returned to Bogen. He is the brother of former White House press secretary Ari Fleischer . Criticism in Iraq The Private Sector Development run by Fleischer came under criticism by many military and civilian analysts for removing Iraqi government subsidies to state owned businesses. This, it was argued, threw thousands out of work thereby giving the insurgency a disaffected pool of recruits. In the area under British control the subsidies were continued. ref name fiasco cite book title Fiasco The American Military Adventure in Iraq. last Ricks first Thomas E. authorlink Thomas E. Ricks journalist year 2006 publisher The Penguin Press HC isbn 159420103X ref ref cite news url http www.guardian.co.uk weekend story 0,3605,1125050,00.html work The Guardian location London title The 500 billion fire sale first Naomi last Klein authorlink Naomi Klein date January 17, 2004 accessdate May 12, 2010 ref In an article printed in the New York Review of Books Peter W. Galbraith, a former US Ambassador to Croatia commented on the policy of not supporting Iraqi state owned enterprises The privatizing of Iraq s economy was handled at first by Thomas C. Foley , a top Bush fund raiser, and then by Michael Fleisher, brother of President Bush s first press secretary. ...he told the Chicago Tribune ...that the Americans were going to teach the Iraqis a new way of doing business. The only paradigm they know is cronyism. ref New York Review of Books Volume 51, Number 14 September 23, 2004 Iraq ...   more details



  1. Clericalism

    cleanup date June 2007 unreferenced date December 2007 Clericalism is the application of the formal, church based, leadership or opinion of ordained clergy in matters of either the church or broader political and sociocultural import. In a pejorative manner, clericalism is often used to denote an ecclesiolatry approach to issues beyond the church by either clergy or their supporters while the term has also been applied in a pejorative manner to describe the cronyism and cloistered political environs of the Church mainly in reference to the Roman Catholic Church . Outside of Catholicism , clericalism is used to denote the divisions between ordained clergy and lay leaders in some churches while the older meaning of the term an application of church based theory or thought to secular issues seems rather lost in most current uses of the term. In the aforementioned use of the term, it is important to discern the difference between a belief in a separation of church and state which is not truly involving of clericalism and the belief that church leadership should not be an internal and cloistered body that answers only to itself or that such leaders should not act as a powerful force in matters beyond the internal concerns of their church. Much debate in recent years over the sexual abuse scandals in the Roman Catholic Church has brought about charges of clericalism in the sense of bishops and other leaders covering up the misactions of clergy under their leadership. In this application of the term, clericalism has come to imply a division between ordained church leaders that such leaders have an exclusive society unto themselves and the lay followers. Much debate over clericalism appears to dwell on whether the high clergy should have as much control over church offices and functions as they do and whether the hierarchical and authoritarian nature of the traditional Catholic systems of promotion for clergy is effective in contemporary society. Again, while the Catholic C ...   more details



  1. Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals)

    Orphan date May 2008 Idiosyncratic deals , or i deals, refer to voluntary, personalized agreements of a nonstandard nature negotiated between individual employees and their employers regarding terms benefiting each party. These individualized employment arrangements differ to some extent from those received by coworkers. Several distinct features characterize i deals and differentiate them from other forms of person specific employment arrangements e.g., cronyism or favoritism as described below. The principal characteristics of i deals are as follows Individually negotiated An i deal exists when an individual worker negotiates arrangements with an employer or prospective employer that differ from the corresponding arrangements of his or her coworkers. Heterogeneous At least some of the specific terms included in an i deal are specially provided to that individual, differing from conditions created for other employees in similar positions or in the same work group. Benefiting both employer and employee I deals serve the interests of both employers and employees. I deals are distinct from other forms of person specific employment arrangements in that the negotiation is based on the value of the individual worker to the employer Rousseau, 2005 . An organization attracts, motivates, and retains the services of a valued contributor at the same time he or she receives desired resources from that organization. Varied in scope or proportion The i deals individual workers enjoy may vary in scope from a single idiosyncratic element in a larger standardized employment package to a complete, entirely idiosyncratic employment arrangement. For example, one worker with an i deal might have distinctly more flexible hours than peers but otherwise share with them the same pay, job duties, and other conditions of employment. In contrast, another worker might have a more novel, customized arrangement in which almost all employment terms are specially negotiated, from pay and hours, to ...   more details



  1. Brett Blackledge

    Brett J. Blackledge is a reporter for The Associated Press in Washington D.C. . While working for The Birmingham News , he won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for Pulitzer Prize for Reporting investigative reporting for a series on alleged nepotism and cronyism in List of colleges and universities in Alabama Two year institutions Alabama s two year college system . Blackledge was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and is a 1986 alumnus of Louisiana State University . He began his career that year with the Associated Press, and later worked for The Journal Newspapers in suburban Washington, D.C., Education Daily and The Mobile Register . He went to work for The Birmingham News in 1998. ref http blog.al.com twoyear about.html About the Author page for the Birmingham News special report on Two Year College Corruption. ref While with the News , Blackledge contributed to Alabama AP Managing Editors Association Award winning stories on the 2003 conviction of Bobby Frank Cherry for the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing, which took place in 1963. ref http www.ap.org alabama apmenewswin03.html Alabama Associated Press Managing Editors Association 2003 Contest Winners . ref Blackledge s multi part investigative series on the two year colleges delved deeply into financial records kept by the system, exposing a number of elected lawmakers on the system s payroll without clear duties. The system s chancellor was fired, federal and state investigations opened, and new safeguards for public accountability promised in the wake of the expos . The series earned Blackledge a 2006 Alabama Associated Press Association Award. ref http www.ap.org alabama documents AAPME2006winnerslist.pdf 2006 Alabama Associated Press Association Award Winners ref The newspaper entered the multi part special report for the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service , and it was named a finalist in that category before the committee awarded it the prize for investigative reporting instead. Blackledge is married to S ...   more details



  1. Eurostat scandal

    In 2000, internal auditors raised concerns about fictitious Eurostat s contracts with outside companies and referred the matter to the European Anti Fraud Office, OLAF . OLAF did not react. In 2001, Paul Van Buitenen , whose earlier report had indirectly led to the resignation of the previous Santer European Commission Commission , produced a second report, but this at first led to no action, until Hans Martin Tillack and the press started to take interest in the matter. Questions were asked in the European Parliament , OLAF produced a new report entitled A vast enterprise for looting community funds as it was reported by Financial Times on May 16, 2003. Finally the Prodi Commission acted. Three senior Eurostat officials were removed from their posts and a number of contracts with outside companies were cancelled. ref cite web url http www.timesonline.co.uk tol tools and services specials article1162994.ece title Q&A the Eurostat scandal accessdate 2008 06 11 date 2003 09 25 work Times Online publisher Times Newspapers Ltd. location London ref It was alleged that, at least during the 1990s, Eurostat used a double accounting system to transfer large amounts of money to secret bank account s not monitored by auditors and that the value of some contracts was inflated. Allegedly there was evidence of cronyism and financial irregularities, though no evidence of personal enrichment was found. Between four and five million Euro euros was thought to have been siphoned off , mostly between 1996 and 2001. Some of the money was recovered. ref cite web url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi europe 3138390.stm title Q and A Eurostat scandal accessdate 2008 06 11 date 2003 09 27 work BBC News publisher BBC ref On July 8, 2008 the European Commission was condemned by the European Court of Justice for several failures of OLAF. The Commission had to pay 56,000 to two senior Eurostat officials. See also Accountability in the European Union http www.lexpansion.com economie actualite economique ...   more details



  1. Wasta

    nofootnotes date February 2011 refimprove date February 2011 for the town in the United States Wasta, South Dakota Wasta or Wasata Arabic is an Arabic word that loosely translates into Nepotism or Wiktionary clout Noun clout or who you know . It refers to using one s connections and or influence to get things done, including government transactions such as the quick renewal of a passport, waiving of traffic fines, and getting hired for or promoted in a job. In other words, it amounts to getting something through favoritism rather than merit, or what is informally spoken of in English as pull from connections the opposite of push . The English word cronyism overlaps in meaning but is not precisely the same. Roughly equivalent words in other languages include Sociolismo in Cuba Blat Russia Blat in Russia Guanxi in Chinese and Vetternwirtschaft in German, protektzia in Israeli slang in Brazilian Portuguese it is called Pistol o , or in the slang peixada . Etymology Wasta is derived from the Modern Standard Arabic word was in English is Nepotism which commonly means medium but also often means something akin to intermediary, intercessor or middle man. A Bahrain i diarist Who date March 2009 provides some information about how the practice originated quote The system evolved to preserve the social structure of the tribe. It allowed for the leadership to distribute the tribe s wealth as they deemed in their wisdom and experience would preserve peace and harmony. They would grant access to opportunities to those most deserving or to those who would otherwise be left behind, at their discretion. It is also important to keep the tribe from weakening itself, therefore internal competition is avoided. Furthermore, companies in the Arab world rarely have a no nepotism policy in place, so one can often find a workforce with friends and friends relatives who may or may not be qualified. This takes place in both the public and private sectors. In many Arab countries, ...   more details



  1. Maybe I Should Have

    Infobox film name Maybe I should have image Maybe I should have.jpg director Gunnar Sigur sson producer Lilja Skaftad ttir br Argout film writer starring cinematography editing Herbert Sveinbj rnsson distributor released Film date 2010 1 runtime country Film Iceland language Icelandic budget gross Maybe I Should Have is an Iceland ic documentary film by Gunnar Sigur sson about the causes and effects of the 2008 2011 Icelandic financial crisis . The film touches on a variety of subjects including finance , Political corruption corruption , cronyism , nepotism , the privatisation of the Icelandic banking system, tax havens , connections between politics and business , the Kitchenware Revolution , the Citizens Movement Iceland Citizens movement , and how the Icelandic government reacted to warning signs leading up to the collapse of the banking system in 2008. People who are interviewed include Bj rg lfur Thor Bj rg lfsson , William K. Black , Robert Wade development scholar Robert Wade , employees at Transparency International , Eva Joly and J n Baldvin Hannibalsson . In their search for answers the filmmakers travel extensively and among the locations they visit are London , Guernsey , Luxembourg and Road Town in The British Virgin Islands . Musicians who contributed to the film include Fjallabr ur , Magn s r Sigmundsson, Hj lmar and KK musician KK . The film has been generally well received by critics. ref http www.icenews.is index.php 2010 01 25 maybe i should have E2 80 A6found out where all the money went Maybe I Should Have...found out where all the money went , retrieved on 11 January 2010 ref ref http www.icelandreview.com reviews film ?ew news onlyarea content1&ew news onlyposition 10&cat id 59350&ew 10 a id 356962 Maybe I Should Have Spoken Up? , retrieved on 11 January 2010 ref ref http www.dv.is kritik 2010 2 8 glaepir borga sig Gl pir borga sig? , retrieved on 11 January 2010 ref References reflist External links Official website http argoutfilm.com en ...   more details



  1. SF Public Press

    Orphan date May 2011 Infobox Newspaper name SF Public Press image Image Sf public press.gif 200px border type Online newspaper foundation 2009 ceased publication price 2.00 in print owners publisher executive director Michael Stoll director of operations and development Lila LaHood news editor Richard Pestorich circulation headquarters 965 Mission St., Suite 220 br San Francisco , California ISSN website http sfpublicpress.org SFPublicPress.org SF Public Press , a.k.a. The San Francisco Public Press, is an online and print news organization covering the Bay Area. It was founded in 2009. ref http sfpublicpress.org about SF Public Press About ref The organization receives funding from The San Francisco Foundation and is fiscally sponsored by Independent Art & Media. The organization s professed goal is to do for print and online news what public media has done for radio and television. The Public Press is unique among local online startups in that it has published print newspaper editions of its content. Tom Goldstein, a professor at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism told the San Francisco Chronicle that the move, strikes me as audacious, adding that the move set the Press apart, and there may be great benefit in being set apart. ref http articles.sfgate.com 2010 06 21 entertainment 21919183 1 michael stoll print bay area San Francisco Chronicle Public Press started online, now turns to print ref In Spring, 2010 Public Press wrote two articles for the Bay Area Report of the New York Times, distributed to 65,000 households in the Bay Area. In Fall, 2010 Public Press won an award from the Society of Professional Journalists for explanatory journalism for a series of pieces publishes online and in print about plans to develop San Francisco s Treasure Island . The press release from SPJ said The exhaustively reported package which exposed the seemingly pipe dream quality of the project, the political cronyism behind it and the widespread uprooting that the red ...   more details



  1. Alan Meale

    grud In 1998 following allegations in the Sunday Times , Michael Ancram accused him of cronyism by lobbying ... UK Politics Minister denies cronyism allegation publisher BBC News date October 25, 1998 accessdate ... of pounds to Labour. Meale denied cronyism and Kleanthous denied making donations to Labour ...   more details



  1. Ismail Kassim

    by accusations of cronyism arising from his brother s position as Menteri Besar of Perlis. ref ...&dq ismail kassim&hl en title UMNO Youth changes stance on allegation of nepotism, cronyism date 10 ... Ibrahim of cronyism and nepotism within the party. Selecting the brother of the state s Chief Minister ...   more details



  1. Eight Elders

    Refimprove date September 2007 Contains Chinese text The Eight Great Eminent Officials zh c p B d yu nl o , abbreviated as the Eight Elders zh c p B l o were a group of elderly members of the Communist Party of China who held substantial power during the 1980s and 1990s. In the English speaking world, these men are often sarcastically called The Eight Immortals ref http books.google.co.uk books?id kk80evDTZIYC&pg PA113&dq The Eight Immortals communist party &hl en&ei TTupS6 BtP34gbp qSXAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 8&ved 0CFkQ6AEwBw v onepage&q 22The 20Eight 20Immortals 22 20 22communist 20party 22&f false ref as an allusion to the Taoist deities commonly known as the Eight Immortals . The identities of the Eight, who have all since died, are Deng Xiaoping 1904 1997 , Paramount Leader , Politburo Standing Committee member 1977&ndash 1987, Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference Political Consultative Conference chairman 1978&ndash 1983, Central Military Commission Chairman 1980&ndash 1989, Central Advisory Commission chairman 1982&ndash 1987 Chen Yun 1905 1995 , Politburo Standing Committee member 1977&ndash 1987, Central Advisory Committee Chairman 1987&ndash 1992 Peng Zhen 1902 1997 , National People s Congress Chairman 1983&ndash 1988 Yang Shangkun 1907 1998 , President of the PRC 1988&ndash 1993. Bo Yibo 1908 2007 , Central Advisory Committee Vice Chairman Li Xiannian 1909 1992 , Politburo Standing Committee member 1977&ndash 1987, President of the PRC 1983&ndash 1988, then Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference chairman Wang Zhen 1908 1993 , Central Advisory Committee Vice Chairman Song Renqiong 1909 2005 , Central Advisory Committee CAC Vice Chairman Descendants of the Eight Elders who have benefited significantly from nepotism and cronyism constitute a group now known as the Princelings or the Crown Prince Party . See also People s Republic of China Politics of the People s Republic of China References reflist Exter ...   more details



  1. Ohio Gang

    Infobox person image President Warren G. Harding s First Cabinet 1921.jpg thumb alt caption Warren G. Harding and his cabinet. The Ohio Gang 1921 1923 was a group of politicians and industry leaders who came to be associated with Warren G. Harding , the twenty ninth President of the United States of America . Background Warren G. Harding was elected President by promising to return the nation to normalcy, and opposing the idealism of his predecessor Woodrow Wilson. He captured 60 of American s votes and won by a landslide. After Harding had won the election he appointed many of his allies and campaign contributors to powerful political positions in control of vast amounts of government money and resources. Description Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty , Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall , and Navy Secretary Edwin C. Denby , were considered to have been responsible for acts of corruption and cronyism. There are a number of things they were accused of including, including keeping bootleg whisky in the White house. The Ohio Gang was responsible for the Teapot Dome scandal . The Teapot Dome was considered America s biggest political scandal up until Watergate . The group met regularly at the infamous Little Green House on K Street . Also associated with the secret hide out was Jess Smith who was said to have committed suicide because he faced scrutiny from Harding s supporters about his involvement. There is no information that proves that Harding knew of the scandals that were going on during his time in office. He may not have learned much of it until the eve of his death. Fall was mainly responsible for the Teapot Dome scandal and was eventually jailed for taking bribes. Later President Coolidge forced the resignation of Daugherty for the same crimes. Resistance to definition from Ohio based commentary Some commentators from Ohio have challenged the term The Ohio Gang on the grounds that many of the individuals so designated came from outside the state. ref http ww ...   more details



  1. James Bovard

    Libertarianism sidebar James Bovard born 1956 is a Libertarianism libertarian author and lecturer whose political commentary targets examples of waste, failures, corruption, cronyism and abuses of power in government. He is the author of Attention Deficit Democracy , and eight other books. He has written for the New York Times , Wall Street Journal , Washington Post , The New Republic New Republic , Reader s Digest , The American Conservative , and many other publications. His books have been translated into Spanish language Spanish , Arabic , Japanese language Japanese , and Korean language Korean . Bibliography cite book title Fair Trade Fraud How Congress Pillages the Consumer and Decimates American Competitiveness publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 1992 isbn 0312083440 cite book title Lost Rights The Destruction of American Liberty publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 1995 isbn 0 312 12333 7 1996 Shakedown cite book title Freedom in Chains The Rise of the State and the Demise of the Citizen publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 2000 isbn 0 312 22967 4 cite book title Feeling Your Pain The Explosion and Abuse of Government Power in the Clinton Gore Years publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 2001 isbn 0 312 24052 X cite book title Terrorism and Tyranny Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 2003 isbn 1 4039 6682 6 cite book title The Bush Betrayal publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 2004 isbn 1 4039 6851 9 cite book title Attention Deficit Democracy publisher Palgrave Macmillan year 2006 isbn 1 4039 7108 0 Quotations Democracy must be something more than two wolves and a sheep voting on what to have for dinner. Lost Rights The Destruction of American Liberty 1994 A democratic government that respects no limits on its power is a ticking time bomb, waiting to destroy the rights it was created to protect. ref www.jimbovard.com ref Elections are vastly overrated as a means for restraining government abuses. ref name vote ht ...   more details



  1. High crimes and misdemeanours

    Unreferenced date July 2007 This article is about the legal term. For the Ann Coulter book, see High Crimes and Misdemeanors The Case Against Bill Clinton , br for the Woody Allen film, see Crimes and Misdemeanors . For the 2002 film, see High Crimes . The charge of high crimes and misdemeanors covers allegations of misconduct that do not fall under a more clearly defined impeachable offence e.g., high treason . This charge occurs only in cases of parliamentary impeachment and is unrelated to any offence in criminal law . Britain The impeachment of the Lord Chancellor King s Chancellor , Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk in 1386 was the first case to use this charge. One charge under this heading alleged that de la Pole broke a promise to Parliament of England Parliament . He had promised to follow the advice of a committee regarding improvement of the monarchy kingdom . Another charge said that he failed to pay a ransom for the town of Ghent , and that because of that the town fell to the French. The 1450 impeachment of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk , a descendant of Michael s, was next to allege charges under this title. He was charged with using his influence to obstruct justice, cronyism , and wasting public money. Other charges against him included acts of high treason. Impeachment fell out of use after 1459 but Parliament revived it in the early 17th century to bring the King s ministers to book. In 1621, Parliament impeached the King s Attorney General , Sir Henry Yelverton for high crimes and misdemeanors. The charges included failing to prosecute after starting lawsuit s and using authority before it was properly his. After the English Restoration Restoration the scope of the charge grew to include negligence , and abuse of power or trust while Official in office . For example, charges in the impeachment of Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford in 1701 included many violations of trust and his position. In this case, he abused his position in t ...   more details




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