Orphan date February 2009 In order to assess intersections turning movement counters TMC s are used to quantify the movement of vehicles through the area. These TMC s are square shaped boxes that have buttons for each direction of traffic flow . For example, east bound traffic entering an intersection has a button for those vehicles that turn, left, right or continue straight. Furthermore, an additional button is used for each direction to add the number of pedestrian and bicyclist movement. Typically automated traffic counters assess traffic flows, however, due to the differing angles of vehicles entering an intersection the present technology available is not able to quantify the traffic without major error. Traditional automated traffic count traffic counters have rubber tubes which are laid out across the road generally in a straight portion in order to have the wheels on the same axle hit at about the same time. When turning in an intersection the tires hit individually and the amount of error in the counter is increased. This means that TMC s are the only present option for quantifying traffic flows. They are used manually by an individual pressing the correlating button for every vehicle that enters and moves through the intersection. TMC s are generally used to determine whether the intersection needs a traffic light . Equations are used to decide whether the volume of the traffic determines that a light is needed. This equation is based on the road classification, entering speed and pedestrian bicyclist movement through the intersection. A total of eight hours of turning movement is generally mandated for this type of assessment. References Murthy, Narasimha & Henry R. Mohle. Transportation Engineering Basics , ASCE Press Category Road traffic management ... more details
Most Civil Defense Geiger Counters and ion chamber survey meters were issued by the governmental Civil Defense organizations in several countries from the 1950s in the midst of the Cold War in an effort to help prepare citizens for a nuclear attack. Although often referred to as geiger counter s, most CD devices were ion chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event. US Models File Victoreen CD V 777 1.Shelter radiation detection kit.overview.jpg thumb Victoreen Civil Defence V 777 1 shelter radiation detection kit overview CD Counters came in a variety of different models, each with specific capabilities. Each of these models has an analog meter from 1 to 5, with 1 10 tick marks. Thus, at X10, the meter reads from 1 to 50. Due to circuit instability, the actual value may be 2 or 3. CD meters were produced by a number of different firms under contract. Victoreen, Lionel, Electro Neutronics, Nuclear Measurements, Chatham Electronics, International Pump and Machine Works, Universal Atomics, Anton Electronic Laboratories Landers, Frary, & Clark El Tronics, Jordan, and Nuclear Chicago are among the many manufacturers contracted.Regardless of producer, most counters exhibit the same basic physical characteristics, albeit with slight variations between some production runs a yellow case with black knobs and meter bezels. Most US meters had a CD sticker on the side of the case. True Geiger Counters CDV 700 Main CD V 700 The CD V 700 is a Geiger counter employing a probe equipped with a Geiger ... wider range of radiation levels than the earlier Geiger counters and ion chamber survey meters combined ... for which Geiger counters will give incorrect readings see above . Survey meters do not read alpha ... counters. Britain manufactured about 20,000 of each of its major types, and is second after the U.S. ... Counters Category Civil defense Category Radioactivity Category Disaster preparedness in the United ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 In collectible card game s CCG , particularly in the seminal CCG of Magic The Gathering , a counter is, in game terms, a representation of an effect generated by a card that is in play or has already been played. In physical terms, it is an object that serves said purpose. Effects that involve counters include In games where creatures are used, counters may be used to represent creatures generated by card effects, sometimes referred to as token creatures . Time counters may be placed on a card to act as a countdown timer. Such counters are removed at designated intervals, usually once per the controlling player s turn, and an effect takes place when the final time counter is removed. Accumulation counters can build up, usually at a rate of one counter per the controlling player s turn, until enough counters exist to trigger a card effect. When the effect is triggered, the required number of counters is usually removed. Most cards that accumulate counters can continue to do so as long as the card is in play. None of these uses should be confused with effects that negate or counter , as in counteract cards. Customarily, counters used in CCGs are small, easily carried objects, such as coins, tokens, Bingo US Bingo chips, etc. Various game manufacturers sell tokens specifically intended for use in CCGs, from cheaply made cardboard tokens and glass beads to higher quality metallic tokens. Life counters In CCGs, a life counter refers to any item or device used to keep track of the number of life points possessed by each player used in many games to determine victory . Though items as simple as a Dice Non cubical dice polyhedral die can serve, devices have been made available by game manufacturers for the purpose, usually involving a rotating dial with numbers marked in increments. Some players even use stacks or piles of game counters to keep track of life points. DEFAULTSORT Counter Collectible Card Games Category ... more details
personnel . The first modern mass market wargame, based on cardboard counters and hex board ... have hundreds of counters The Russian Campaign , 225 Squad Leader GI Anvil of Victory GI Anvil of Victory , 856 Terrible Swift Sword game Terrible Swift Sword , 2,000 . Squad Leader had counters of different sizes 520 inch counters and 192 inch, with the different sizes used for different purposes. Boardgame counters are often closely related to military map marking symbols, such as those seen .... Types of counters Representational counters, usually called unit counters, directly represent a unit, individual, vehicle, or weapon. Informational counters don t represent a specific type of character ..., etc. These are sometimes called markers , or system counters for example, a counter used on a turn ... such as turn order. Variations In microgame s, counters were printed on one or more sheets of thick ... with most board wargames. Dragon magazine Dragon Magazine used to include counters printed on a cardstock ... instead of cardboard as the counters to represent pieces, in order to emulate the fog of war by placing the blocks upright to make the information visible to only one of the players . Although counters are typically square, some games use oblong rectangles as counters for individual ships, as in Flying ... possible. The unit counters in Luftwaffe are circular, while one game covering the Eastern Front in World War II had hexagonal counters. DEFAULTSORT Counter Board Wargames Category Board wargames ... more details
Summary Partial view of user interface for Wikipedia WikiProject edit counters Flcelloguy s Tool Flcelloguy s Tool , running on Windows XP . Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Summary Check in Counters at BFL Photo by Elaine R. Anthony . Licensing PD self date January 2007 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Summary JetBlue Airways and Northwest Airlines ticketing counters Taken By Mason Jones Licensing self GFDL cc by 2.5 migration relicense Category Images of Arizona Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Automatic fish counters are automatic devices for measuring the number of fish passing along a particular river in a particular period of time. Usually one particular species is of interest. One important species studied by fish counters are Atlantic salmon . This species is of interest owing to its ecologically vulnerable status and Fish migration anadromous lifestyles. Methods of operation Fish counters can be divided into three principal types resistive counters, optical counters, and hydroacoustic counters. Resistive counters A resistive counter is associated with an in river structure, such as a Crump weir. ref http www.gunt.de networks gunt sites s1 mmcontent produktbilder 07016033 Datenblatt ... the size and direction of travel of the fish. Fish counters of this type are used widely in Scotland ... around a 97 detection rate. Optical counters An optical counter is also associated with an in river ... the size, profile, and direction of motion of the fish. The performance of optical counters has been determined by studies, under various conditions, to be greater than 90 . Optical counters can also ... disadvantage of optical counters is the small penetration of the beams through the water, restricting ... counters Hydroacoustic counters operate using the principles of sonar . A fish is insonified by a sound ... 90 of the reflection . Hydroacoustic counters do not require in river structures, but require ... counters can be inaccurate. Studies typically indicate detection rates of 50 to 80 , though one ... effectiveness. The lack of a requirement for any in river structure makes the counters an attractive ... basis. Siting counters In river structures Resistivity and particularly optical fish counters require ... within the river may be used for a similar purpose. However for most counters a custom in river .... It is important in these situations, therefore, that counters are placed to count individual populations ... be detected. Alternative methods The results of automatic fish counters can be supplemented, confirmed ... more details
This article is about the card game for the meal see Ambigu meal . Ambigu is a France French card game , composed of the characteristic elements of whist , bouillotte and piquet . A whist pack with the court cards deleted is used, and from two to six persons may play. Each player is given an equal number of counters, and a limit of betting is agreed upon. Two cards are dealt, one at a time, to each player, after each has placed two counters in a pool. Each player then either keeps his hand, saying Enough, or takes one or two new cards from the top of the stock after which the stock is reshuffled and cut, and each player receives two more cards, one at a time. The players then either play or pass. If a person plays, he bets a number of counters and the others may equal this bet or raise it. Should no player meet the first bet, the bettor takes back his bet, leaving the pool intact, and receives two counters from the last player who refuses to play. When two or more bet the same number, they again draw cards and pass or play as before. If all pass, each pays a counter to the pool and a new deal ensues. The player betting more than the others call wins the pool. He then exposes his hand and is paid by each adversary according to its value. The hands rank as follows Point, the number of pips on two or more cards of a suit one counter . Prime, four cards of different suits two counters . Grand Prime, the same with the number of pips over 30 three counters . Sequence, a hand containing three cards of the same suit in sequence three counters . Tricon, three of a kind four counters . Flush, four cards of the same suit five counters . Doublet, a hand containing two counting combinations at once, as 2, 3, 4 and 7 of spades, amounting to both a sequence and a flush eight counters . Fredon, four of a kind the highest possible hand , ten or eleven counters, according to the number of pips. Ties are decided by the number of pips. See also Wikisource1911Enc Ambigu Auction Pitch Al ... more details
refimprove date April 2011 wikify date April 2011 In computer s, hardware performance counters , or hardware counters are a set of special purpose Processor register register s built into modern microprocessor s to store the counts of hardware related activities within computer systems. Advanced users often rely on those counters to conduct low level performance analysis or Performance tuning tuning . The number of available hardware counters in a processor is limited while each cpu model might have a lot of different events that a developer might like to measure. Each counter can be programmed with the index of an event type to be monitored, like a L1 cache miss or a branch mispredict. One of the first processors to implement such counters was the Intel Pentium , but they were not documented until Terje Mathisen wrote an article about reverse engineering them in BYTE July 1994 ref http www.gamedev.net reference articles article213.asp ref The following table shows some examples of cpus and the number of available hardware counters class wikitable Processor available HW counters SPARC UltraSparc II 2 Pentium III 2 Athlon AMD Athlon 4 IA 64 4 POWER4 8 Pentium 4 18 Compared to software profilers, hardware counters provide low overhead access to a wealth of detailed performance information related to CPU s functional units, caches and main memory etc. Another benefit of using them is that no source code modifications are needed in general. However, the types and meanings of hardware counters vary from one kind of architecture to another due to the variation in hardware organizations. There can be difficulties correlating the low level performance metrics back to source code. The limited number of registers to store the counters often force users to conduct multiple measurements to collect all desired performance metrics. Moreover, modern superscalar processors schedule and execute ... or IBS . AMD s implementation of IBS provides hardware counters for both fetch sampling the front of the superscalar ... more details
Summary British and German counters from the board war game Storm Over Arnhem, showing both uncommitted and committed sides. The red British counter is a special counter for a bren carrier and is used to get extra ammunition. The grey German counter is a squad of the Arnhem garrison. individual counters scanned by Gnorn, final picture created by by Gnorn Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Seafoam salad , also known as orange salad , is a cafeteria and buffet staple popularized by F. W. Woolworth Company F. W. Woolworth s lunch counters. Seafoam salad is often considered a dessert and is one of many dessert salad s. It is composed of green gelatin , cream cheese , pears , maraschino cherries and whipped cream topping. Orange salad uses orange flavored gelatin instead of lime. Multiple versions of the recipe exist. Variations include substituting crushed pineapple for pears or adding mayonnaise and nuts to the mixture. See also Jello salad Lunch counters External links http www.cooks.com rec search 0,1 51,lime pear jello salad,FE.html Seafoam salad recipes http www.uzoj.com en recipes jello seafoam salad 18096.html Seafoam salad recipe with pineapple vartiation http www.cookingwithellen.com 2007 04 03 orange salad Orange salad recipe Woolworth Food stub Category Desserts Category Woolworth Category Lunch counters ... more details
Cowry shells, seeds or small pebbles used as counters. ref http hindu.com thehindu mag 2006 06 18 ... board with 2 rows and 7 columns. There are a total of 14 cups kuzhi in Tamil language and 146 counters. For the counters in the game, seeds, shells, small stones are all common for use. ref http mat.iitm.ac.in ... counters are placed in each cup except the middle of each row into which only 2 counters are placed. The starting player lifts the counters from any of his holes and, going counter clockwise, distributes ... then continues play from the next cup containing counters. If the last counter falls into a cup with two empty holes beyond, he captures no counters and his turn is over. The next player continues play in the same way, taking counters from any of his cups and going around placing counters in a counter clockwise direction. If, after having a counter dropped into it, a cup contains 6 counters, those ... is over when no counters remain. Once the first round is over players take the counters from their stores and fill as many of their holes as possible with counters. The winner will have a surplus of counters which are kept in his store. The loser of the first round will be unable to fill all of his ... going second. During the game if a player has enough counters to fill any of his rubbish holes back ... to fill any cups with six counters at the end of a round. Objects Tamarind seeds and chozhis ... more details
Summary Jones Counters Upper NYRRC model, Lower Oerth model. Photographed by User Op. Deo Op. Deo 13 47, 1 November 2007 UTC Licensing PD self date November 2007 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Summary This is a hobbyist built main circuit in a 6.5 digit frequency counter, constructed almost entirely from 74xx series integrated circuits on a wirewrap board. Built in 1985 and still working over 20 years later. Working from the bottom row, a crystal oscillator signal is divided down to 1Hz squarewave and gates the frequency to be measured into a set of decade counters 2nd and 3rd rows up and the top two rows a set of latches feed out to a BCD decoder and display driver off this photo . Logic resets the counters prior to loading more incoming pulses. Licensing NoRightsReserved ... more details
lines as well. Tally counters have also been used in religion to count prayers, often replacing ... Mantar. Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindus may use tally counters to keep track of the number of times ... Counter for iPhone, iPod Touch & iPad commonscat hand counters Commons category Knitting row counters ... more details
Transformers is a 1986 board game , based upon the Transformers toyline by Hasbro . Rules Transformers is a race style game for two to four players. Each player has three transforming robot s as game counters. These robots transform from spacecraft spaceship s to robots. At the start of the game, all counters are placed in the start square, in spaceship mode. Each player is also dealt five cards, bearing numbers and pictures of various Transformers 1 is Motormaster , 2 is Silverbolt , 3 is Cyclonus , 4 is Defensor Transformers Defensor and 5 is Galvatron . On a player s turn, he she throws the dice and moves one of his her counters. When two counters of opposing players land on the same square, a fight ensues. The fight is carried out with cards. Both players place a card face up on the table. The player with the higher card wins. On a draw, the fight is repeated. The losing counter transforms into spaceship mode if not already and moves back to the start square, while the winning counter transforms into robot mode if not already and stays in place. The players then replenish their cards. The only exceptions are certain safe squares on the board, where fights do not happen. The player who first gets all three of his her counters in robot mode to the special energised square at the end of the board wins. Availability The game was released by The Milton Bradley Company Also known as MB Games in the mid 80 s when the Transformers franchise was at its peak. The game was released in at least the following countries Finland Sweden Denmark Norway The Netherlands The United Kingdom External links bgg 28650 The Transformers Game Category Transformers franchise Category Licensed board games Category Race games Category Milton Bradley games game stub Transformers stub ... more details
Summary This is a promotional graphic http www.militaryhistorypress.com LSG P500 DKcounters 101005.jpg for the Last Stand Games wargame Dunkerque . Permission has been granted by the publisher for use, as of 5 4 2006 Hi, Jeffrey. You may use the Black Sea Black Death counter as your example, but the Dunkerque image is for a sticker that goes on a wooden block, not a cardboard die cut counter like BS BD. If you want to use the Dunkerque image, please make sure the difference is noted. Thank you. Dana Lombardy Publisher Military History Press Licensing Non free promotional image has rationale yes Fair use in Counter board wargames Non free use rationale Article Counter board wargames Description An example of a well designed counter Source Last Stand Games Portion This is one counter from a game that includes perhaps a hundred counters, so it is less than 1 of game content the game has other components . Low resolution It is not low res. Purpose This image is subject to copyright, but is covered by U.S. fair use laws. It is an illustrative example of the subject of the article, and does not limit or damage the copyright owner s rights or ability to sell the game in any way. And note that the copyright holder has granted permission. Replaceability It is one of the most well designed counters. Public domain counters are much lower quality. ... more details
In computer science , Performance Application Programming Interface PAPI is a portable application programming interface interface in the form of a library computing library to hardware counter hardware performance counters on modern microprocessor s. It is being widely used to collect low level performance metrics e.g. Instruction computer science instruction counts, clock cycle s, cache miss es of computer systems running UNIX Linux operating system s. PAPI provides predefined high level hardware events summarized from popular processors and direct access to low level native events of one particular processor. Counter multiplexing and arithmetic overflow overflow handling are also supported. Operating system support for accessing hardware counters is needed to use PAPI. For example, a Linux kernel Linux x86 kernel has to be patched with a performance monitoring counters driver perfctr http user.it.uu.se mikpe linux perfctr link to support PAPI. See also Performance analysis External links http icl.cs.utk.edu papi index.html Official site http berrendorf.inf.fh brs.de lehre abschlussarbeiten arbeiten 2009 Thesis Fabian Gorsler.pdf Development of a PAPI Backend for the Sun Niagara 2 Processor compu library stub Category Profilers Category Software optimization fr Performance Application Programming Interface ru ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 Notability date July 2010 Operation Greif was a supplement to the Avalon Hill board game Battle of the Bulge game Battle of the Bulge . It added new rules and provided a colorful set of unit counters, uncut and printed on thin cardstock, which were to be used with the original map. Don Lowry designed the supplement and sold it through his mail order business Lowry s Hobbies . In 1970 copies were sold at a large discount to the International Federation of Wargamers , which included them as a free bonus in its magazine The International Wargamer . Several years later Lowry published a new version with better looking but still uncut counters. External links bgg 9752 Operation Greif Category World War II board wargames ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 Subtractive notation is an early form of positional notation used with Roman numerals as a shorthand to replace four or five characters in a numeral representing a number with usually just two characters. Using subtractive notation the numeral VIIII becomes simply IX. LXXXXVIII would become IIC, which is invalid in Roman numerals though. Without subtractive notation, XIV represents the same number as XVI 16 in Arabic numerals . With the introduction of subtractive notation, XIV 14 no longer represents the same number as XVI but rather is an alternate way of writing XIIII. By encoding information about the number into the order of the numerals, subtractive notation transformed the Roman numeral system from a variation of a unary numeral system which used alphabetic characters to represent groupings of tally marks a position independent counting system . This form of notation closely follows Latin language usage, in which the number 18 is pronounced as duodeviginti , meaning two deducted from twenty duo de viginti , and 19 is pronounced undeviginti , meaning one deducted from twenty un de viginti . The very positive advantage of subtractive notation is the reduction of counters needed on an Roman abacus abacus , the calculating devices used by the Romans, and those before them for thousands of years. They did not do arithmetic with their written numerals. They used their numerals only for recording the results of calculations on an abacus. Reduction of counters is also why they used intermediate 5 values, i.e. V, L, and D. The number of counters needed to represent IIIIIIIII, VIIII, and IX are 9, 5, and 2. Subtractive notation reflected the counter positions on an abacus with positive and negative counters on opposite sides of a median line. Category Ancient Rome Category Numeration ... more details
Image with disputed fair use status removed Image IBM logo.svg thumb 128px IBM logo The IBM 602 Calculating Punch http www.tietokonemuseo.saunalahti.fi eng kuva 12 eng.htm photo , introduced in 1946 , was an electromechanical calculator capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It was programmed using a plugboard control panel and was IBM s first machine that did division. The 602 was available in four models Model 1, Model 2, Model 50, and Model 51. The Series 50 models were low cost versions that ran at a slower speed, with half as many program steps, and fewer storage registers and counters. border 1 cellpadding 2 cellspacing 0 align left Model Machine br Cycles br per Minute Program br Steps 12 Digit br Storage br Units 6 Digit br Counters 4 Digit br Counters Functions align right 1 200 12 6 3 3 , , , align right 2 200 12 6 3 3 , , , align right 50 150 6 4 3 1 , , , align right 51 150 6 4 3 1 , , br clear left Two additional counters were available as an optional feature. Program steps execute in one machine cycle, except for steps performing multiplication or division which take as many machine cycles as needed for the operation. Punching rate is roughly four columns per machine cycle. The total number of machine cycles required per card varies depending on the data and programming. Programming the 602 for each problem involved two things A control panel wired for the sequence of the calculation A Skip Bar with inserts placed for the first column of each field to punch References cite book last IBM title IBM Reference Manual 602 Calculating Punch id A22 0506 1 date January, 1960 url http www.bitsavers.org pdf ibm 602 A22 0506 1 602 Jan60.pdf External links http www.columbia.edu acis history 602.html Columbia University Computing History The IBM 602 Calculating Punch Category IBM unit record equipment 602 Category Programmable calculators Category 1946 introductions ... more details
The Maintenance Operation Protocol MOP is used for utility services such as uploading and downloading system software, remote testing and problem diagnosis. It was a proprietary protocol of Digital Equipment Corporation . MOP frames can be one of the following commands memory load data Contains memory load data. mem load request Request fort memory load segment. mem load w addr Memory load with transfer address. par load w addr Parameter load with transfer address. dump service req Request for assistance with dump operation. mem dump request Request for next memory dump segment. memory dump data Contains memory dump data. dump completed Acknowledgment of dump completion. volunteer assist Offer of dump load loop assistance. request program Request for system or loader program. rem boot request Request for boot program. remote ID reqst Request for remote console identification. remote system ID Remote console identification information. counters request Request for communication information counters. counters reply Communication information counters. reserve console Remote console in reserved state. release console Release of remote console from reserved state. rem console poll Poll of remote console for status. rem console rply Response to remote console poll. loopback request Request to loopback enclosed data. loopback reply Response to loopback request with data. See also Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP External links http www.protocols.com pbook pdf decnet.pdf Category Digital Equipment Corporation Category System administration Category Booting de Maintenance Operations Protocol ... more details
Summary This is a picture of a seriously buggy version of Wikipedia WikiProject edit counters Flcelloguy s Tool buggy because it s not running on its usual JRE, but rather kaffe . I m actually not sure what license this screenshot would fall under is an image generated by the screwups of a program as copyrightable as the intended, proper functioning image one is supposed to see? , but I ll keep it as GFDL. Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Atlanta Civil War Campaign Game is an American Civil War board wargame which simulates the Battle of Atlanta . It was published by Guidon Games in 1973 in games 1973 . The game came boxed with a hex grid map and 240 counters. External links bgg 8872 Atlanta Category Board wargames Category American Civil War games board game stub ... more details
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