Infobox Anatomy Name Coronarycirculation Latin GraySubject GrayPage Width 200 Image Gray492.png Caption An anterior left coronary artery . Image2 Gray491.png Caption2 Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart. Blood Nerve Action Precursor MeshName Coronary Vessels MeshNumber A07.231.114.269 Coronarycirculation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessel s of the heart muscle the myocardium . The vessels that deliver oxygen rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary artery arteries . The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. The coronary arteries that run on the surface of the heart are called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate ... infarction heart attack . See also circulatory system . The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial. The coronary arteries are classified as end circulation ... , then the coronarycirculation can be classified as right dominant . If the posterior descending ... by both the right coronary artery RCA and the circumflex artery, then the coronarycirculation can .... In addition to metabolism, the coronarycirculation possesses unique pharmacologic characteristics ... blood pressure. In the coronarycirculation, norepinephrine elicits vasodilation, due to the predominance of beta adrenergic receptors in the coronarycirculation. Agonists of alpha receptors, such as phenylephrine, elicit very little constriction in the coronarycirculation. Anastomoses There is some ... blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical. Coronary anatomy File Coronary arteries.png thumb 400px Right Coronary arteries labeled in red text and other landmarks ... above the aortic valve . As discussed below, the left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus , while the right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus. Variations Four percent ... more details
wiktionarypar circulationCirculation may refer to Circulatory system , a biological organ system whose primary function is to move substances to and from cells Circulation fluid dynamics , the path integral of the fluid velocity around a closed curve Circulation journal , one of the journals published by American Heart Association Circulation architecture , the flow of people through a building Exhaust gas recirculation , a nitrogen oxide reduction technique used in most gasoline and diesel engines Atmospheric circulation , the large scale movement of air Newspaper circulation , the average number of copies of a newspaper distributed on a day Magazine circulation , the average number of copies of a periodical distributed per edition volume Circulation UK duo , a UK house music duo Circulation problem , a generalization of network flow problems Library circulation , the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library Circulation currency , all currency held by consumers and businesses, but not by financial institutions and governments Circulation Festival, an annual circus and Fire dancing fire performance festival held in Dunedin , New Zealand See also List of circulating currencies disambig ca Circulaci es Circulaci n fr Circulation it Circolazione nl Circulatie pt Circula o ru simple Circulation ... more details
Coronary reflex is the change of coronary diameter in response to chemical, neurological or mechanical stimulation of the Coronarycirculationcoronary arteries . The coronary reflex are stimulated differently than the rest of the Circulatory system vascular system . Causes of coronary constriction Chemical N nitro Arginine L arginine indomethacin glibenclamide tetraethylammonium chloride caffine Other Cold Causes of coronary dilation Cocaine Cocaine abuse frequently can cause a coronary spasm, resulting in a spontaneous myocardial infarction . Chemical Versed Midazolam a coronary dilator. In midazolam s presence, dilation was unaffected by N nitro L arginine, indomethacin and glibenclamide. Tetraethylammonium chloride , an inhibitor of the BKCa K channel a high conductance Ca2 sensitive K channel , dose dependently attenuated the vasodilating effect of midazolam ref cite journal title N nitro L arginine causes coronary vasoconstriction and inhibits endothelium dependent vasodilatation in anaesthetized greyhounds author O.L. Woodman G.J. Dusting journal Br. J. Pharmacol. year 1991 volume 103 pages 1407 1410 pmid 1909199 issue 2 pmc 1908370 ref Estrogen has been shown to abolish abnormal cold induced coronary constriction. ref cite journal doi 10.1378 chest.114.6.1556 title Estrogen Acutely Abolishes Abnormal Cold Induced Coronary Constriction in Men author Steven E. Reis, MD Richard Holubkov, PhD Kathleen A. Zell, BSN AJ. Conrad Smith, MD Howard A. Cohen, MD Marc D. Feldman, MD and Roger S. Blumenthal, MD journal CHEST year 1998 volume 114 pages 1556 1561 pmid 9872188 issue 6 ref References reflist Reflex Category Cardiology Category Cardiovascular system ... more details
Infobox disease Name Coronary thrombosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 I 24 0 i 20 ICD9 ICD9 414.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003328 Coronary thrombosis is a form of thrombosis affecting the coronarycirculation . It is associated with stenosis subsequent to clotting . ref name urlThrombosis Coronary Thrombosis cite web url http www.cts.usc.edu zglossary thrombosis.html title Thrombosis Coronary Thrombosis work accessdate ref The condition is considered as a type of ischaemic heart disease . It can lead to a myocardial infarction . ref http library.med.utah.edu WebPath ATHHTML ATH010.html Atherosclerosis Bot generated title ref The terms are sometimes used as synonyms, although this is technically inaccurate as the thrombosis refers to the Vascular occlusion occlusion , while the infarction refers to the necrosis due to the consequent loss of perfusion . The heart contains anastomosis anastomoses , and depending upon the location of the thrombosis, the infarction may be subclinical . Coronary thrombosis can be a complication associated with drug eluting stent s. ref name pmid17325255 cite journal author L scher TF, Steffel J, Eberli FR, et al. title Drug eluting stent and coronary thrombosis biological mechanisms and clinical implications journal Circulation volume 115 issue 8 pages 1051 8 year 2007 month February pmid 17325255 doi 10.1161 CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675934 url ref See also heart attack References reflist Circulatory system pathology Category Cardiology medicine stub fr Thrombose coronaire is Krans ast fla ja ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Coronary disease Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 414.00 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003327 Coronary disease or coronary heart disease refers to the failure of coronarycirculation to supply adequate circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding Tissue biology tissue . It is already the most common form of disease affecting the heart and an important cause of premature death in Europe, the Baltic states, Russia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It has been predicted that all regions of the world will be affected by 2020. ref name Davidson s Boon NA, Colledge NR, Walker BR and Hunter JAA 2006 . Davidson s Principles ... coronary artery disease , but coronary disease can be due to other causes , such as coronary ... Myocardial infarction in young people with normal coronary arteries journal Heart volume 79 issue 2 ... Causes Coronary artery disease, the most common type of coronary disease, which has no clear etiology ... , and hyperlipidemia . ref http www.mayoclinic.com health coronary artery disease DS00064 DSECTION ... characteristics including time urgency and competitiveness, is linked to an increased risk of coronary ..., current issues in Type A behaviour, coronary proneness, and coronary heart disease. In C.R. Snyder ... Treatment Lifestyle changes Lifestyle changes that may be useful to fight coronary disease include ... health coronary artery disease DS00064 DSECTION treatments 2Dand 2Ddrugs ref Over the past 50 years .... ref morrison l m diet in coronary artherosclerosis JAMA 173 1960 p884 888 ref Fish oil consumption ... 993.html ref Medications to treat coronary disease Cholesterol lowering medications, such as statin ... metal or drug eluting Coronary artery bypass ref name mayoclinic.com Heart Transplant References reflist Heart diseases DEFAULTSORT Coronary Disease Category Cardiovascular diseases Link FA pl Link ... qu Sunqu sirk a unquy ru simple Coronary heart disease sr ... more details
Merge Cardiac steal syndrome date February 2009 Coronary steal is a phenomenon where an alteration of circulation patterns lead to a reduction in the blood directed to the coronarycirculation . ref name pmid2787728 cite journal author Gould KL title Coronary steal. Is it clinically important? journal Chest volume 96 issue 2 pages 227 8 year 1989 month August pmid 2787728 doi 10.1378 chest.96.2.227 url http www.chestjournal.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 2787728 ref It can be caused by vasodilator s. ref name pmid12135942 cite journal author Werner GS, Figulla HR title Direct assessment of coronary steal and associated changes of collateral hemodynamics in chronic total coronary occlusions journal Circulation volume 106 issue 4 pages 435 40 year 2002 month July pmid 12135942 doi 10.1161 01.CIR.0000022848.92729.33 url http circ.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12135942 ref It has been associated with nitroprusside . ref name isbn0 8247 2920 X cite book author David L. Hoyt Wilson, William J. Grande, Christopher M. title Trauma publisher Informa Healthcare location year 2007 pages 304 isbn 0 8247 2920 X oclc doi accessdate ref It can also be associated with new patterns of blood vessel growth. ref name pmid15958345 cite journal author Aziz S, Stables RH title Coronary steal induced by angiogenesis following bypass surgery journal Heart volume 91 issue 7 pages 863 year 2005 month July pmid 15958345 pmc 1768979 doi 10.1136 hrt.2004.043471 url http heart.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15958345 ref It is sometimes treated by surgery. ref name pmid8969040 cite journal author Kern MJ title Coronary steal through anomalous internal mammary artery graft treated by ligation without sternotomy journal Tex Heart Inst J volume 23 issue 4 pages 316 7 year 1996 pmid 8969040 pmc 325384 doi url ref References reflist 2 See also Subclavian steal syndrome Vascular resistance Category Cardiology Category Cardiovascular diseases medicine stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Coronary vasospasm Image Caption DiseasesDB 13727 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 413.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000159 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 447 MeshID D003329 Coronary vasospasm is a form of vasospasm affecting the coronarycirculation . It can cause Prinzmetal s angina . It can occur in multiple vessels. ref name pmid17620681 cite journal author Ahooja V, Thatai D title Multivessel coronary vasospasm mimicking triple vessel obstructive coronary artery disease journal J Invasive Cardiol volume 19 issue 7 pages E178 81 year 2007 month July pmid 17620681 doi url http www.digitaljic.com nxtbooks hmp jic0707 index.php?startpage 54 ref ref name pmid15118293 cite journal author Miwa K, Ishii K, Makita T, Okuda N title Diagnosis of multivessel coronary vasospasm by detecting postischemic regional left ventricular delayed relaxation on echocardiography using color kinesis journal Circ. J. volume 68 issue 5 pages 483 7 year 2004 month May pmid 15118293 doi 10.1253 circj.68.483 url http joi.jlc.jst.go.jp JST.JSTAGE circj 68.483?from PubMed format Dead link date October 2008 &ndash sup http scholar.google.co.uk scholar?hl en&lr &q intitle 3ADiagnosis of multivessel coronary vasospasm by detecting postischemic regional left ventricular delayed relaxation on echocardiography using color kinesis&as publication Circ. J.&as ylo 2004&as yhi 2004&btnG Search Scholar search sup ref Atropine has been used to treat the condition. ref name pmid17228071 cite journal author Turkoglu S, Arpag U, Timurkaynak T title Spontaneous coronary vasospasm in the catheterisation laboratory prompt resolution after atropine injection journal Heart volume 93 issue 2 pages 215 year 2007 month February pmid 17228071 doi 10.1136 hrt.2006.093187 url http heart.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17228071 pmc 1861368 ref See also Myocardial bridge Cardiac CT Angiography References reflist Further reading cite journal author Hibino H, Kurachi Y title A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary ... more details
Image Ha1.jpg thumb 300px A coronary angiogram an X ray with radio opaque contrast in the coronary arteries that shows the left coronarycirculation . The distal left main coronary artery LMCA is in the left .... A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronarycirculation and blood .... Circulation 1966 33 901 10. PMID 5942973. Sones FM, Shirey EK. Cine coronary arteriography. Mod ... treatment purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures . Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed ... of the coronary artery lumen anatomy lumen s heart chamber size heart muscle contraction performance ... activity within the wall of the coronary artery arteries . Less frequently, heart valve valvular , heart muscle , or arrhythmia issues are the primary focus of the test. Coronary artery luminal stenosis ... 1980s, that coronary catheterization does not allow the recognition of the presence or absence of coronary ... to provide contrasted x ray in order to diagnose nervous diseases, such as tumors, coronary heart disease and arteriovenous malformations. He is recognized as one of the pioneers in this field. Coronary ... chez l homme vivant. They were the first to non selectively inject radiocontrast in the coronary arteries ... radiocontrast in a coronary artery instead of the left ventricle. Although the patient had a reversible ... starting in 1977, coronary catheterization has been extended to therapeutic uses a the performance ... and c research for better understanding of the pathology of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis ... time, simple coronary catheterization examinations are now commonly done more rapidly and with significantly ... awake during coronary catheterization, ideally with only local anaesthesia such as lidocaine and minimal ... can significantly increase the examination time. Equipment Coronary catheterization is performed ... every few years. Diagnostic procedures During coronary catheterization often referred to as a cath ... more details
A coronary occlusion is the partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery . This condition may cause a myocardial infarction heart attack . In some patients coronary occlusion causes only mild pain, tightness or vague discomfort which may be ignored the myocardium is however damaged. Category Cardiovascular diseases disease stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Coronary sulcus Latin sulcus coronarius GraySubject 138 GrayPage 526 Image Gray492.png Caption Sternocostal surface of heart. Right coronary artery , which runs down coronary sulcus, is visible at left. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738662 The atria of the heart are separated from the ventricle heart ventricles by the coronary sulcus also called coronary groove , auriculoventricular groove , atrioventricular groove , AV groove this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary artery . External links GPnotebook 187695047 eMedicineDictionary Coronary sulcus SUNYAnatomyLabs 20 st 11 01 http mywebpages.comcast.net wnor heartsulciant.jpg Diagram Gray s Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Coronary sinus Latin sinus coronarius GraySubject 138 GrayPage 530 Image Gray491.png Caption Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart. Image2 Gray493.png Caption2 Interior of right side of heart. DrainsFrom Source great cardiac vein DrainsTo right atrium Precursor sinus venosus System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738662 The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart . It is present in all mammals, including humans. It delivers deoxygenated blood to the Right atrium in conjunction with the superior and inferior vena cava. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium , between the inferior vena cava and the atrio ventricular orifice. It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the auricle, the coronary valve the valve of Thebesius . The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments. Gray 462 Location It is located in the right atrium and runs transversely in the groove between the left atrium and ventricle on the posterior surface of the heart. The coronary sinus orifice opening is just superior to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve . The coronary sinus orifice is also known as the ostium of the coronary sinus, and is guarded by the Valve of the coronary sinus Thebesian valve . Drainage It receives blood mainly from the Small cardiac vein small ... vena cava opening. See also Coronary arteries Additional images gallery Image Gray480.png Diagram ... SUNYAnatomyFigs 20 04 03 Posterior view of the heart. LoyolaMedEd Radio curriculum Vascular Coronary sinus.jpg eMedicineDictionary Coronary sinus Veins of the thorax and vertebral column circulatory ... more details
For the coronary ligament of the knee Coronary ligament of the knee Infobox Anatomy Name Coronary ligament Latin ligamentum coronarium hepatis GraySubject 250 GrayPage 1192 Image Gray1087 liver.png Caption Posterior and inferior surfaces of the liver. Coronary ligament labeled at center right. Image2 Gray1035.png Caption2 Vertical disposition of the peritoneum. Main cavity, red omental bursa, blue. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492023 The coronary ligament of the liver refers to parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the thoracic diaphragm diaphragm . Structure The convex diaphragmatic surface of the liver anterior, superior and a little posterior is connected to the concavity of the inferior surface of the thoracic diaphragm diaphragm by reflections of peritoneum . The coronary ligament is the largest of these, having an anterior frontal and posterior back layers. The diaphragmatic surface of the liver that is in direct contact with the diaphragm just beyond the peritoneal reflections has no peritoneal covering, and is termed the bare area of the liver . The anterior layer of the coronary ligament is formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the upper margin of the bare area of the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm. The posterior layer of the coronary ligament is reflected from the lower margin of the bare area and is continuous with the right layer of the lesser omentum . The anterior and posterior layers converge on the right and left sides of the liver to form the right triangular ligament and the left triangular ligament , respectively. In between the two sides of the anterior layer, the reflection of peritoneum has an inferior continuation termed the falciform ligament . The falciform ligament contains the round ligament of liver . Additional images gallery Image Gray1085.png The superior surface of the liver. gallery References Gray, Henry ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Coronary Reconstruction Type EP Artist Aborted Cover Aborted coronary.jpg Released Start date 2010 1 14 Recorded Genre Deathgrind br Technical Death Metal Length 22 30 Label Century Media Records Century Media Producer Reviews Last album Strychnine.213 br 2008 This album Coronary Reconstruction br 2010 Next album Coronary Reconstruction is an Extended play EP by the Belgium Belgian death metal band Aborted , released on January 14, 2010 through Century Media Records . The album is the first to be recorded with the band s new line up, and was released exclusively as a digital EP, with only 1,000 physical copies made. The song Coronary Reconstruction contains audio samples from the film Hellbound Hellraiser II . Track listing tracklist total length 22 30 title1 Coronary Reconstruction length1 4 28 title2 From a Tepid Whiff length2 3 24 title3 Grime length3 3 41 title4 A Cadaverous Dissertation length4 4 24 title5 Left Hand Path note5 Entombed cover length5 6 37 Personnel Sven de Caluwe Death growl vocals Eran Segal Electric guitar guitar Ken Sorceron guitar Cole Martinez Bass guitar bass Dirk Verbeuren Drum kit drums References Category 2010 EPs Category Aborted band albums Category Century Media Records EPs Aborted es Coronary Reconstruction EP it Coronary Reconstruction ru Coronary Reconstruction ... more details
Coronary ischemia is a medical term for not having enough blood through the coronary arteries. ref cite ... Coronary Ischemia publisher Shmc.org date accessdate 2008 12 28 ref Coronary ischemia is linked ... Causes Coronary artery disease CAD occurs when fatty substances get stuck to the walls of coronary arteries .... Coronary Artery Disease. Adult Health Advisor July 2009 1. Consumer Health Complete. Web. 4 Nov. 2010 .... Ischemic Heart Disease, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2010. ref Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary ..., inactive lifestyle and high cholesterol. ref name CHC Symptoms The symptoms of coronary ischemia ... a myocardial infarction. ref name evy Symptoms of coronary ischemia can be classified as typical or atypical. ref name evy Typical Symptoms Chest pain is a major indication of coronary ischemia. If chest pain occurs while exercising, or during sex, but it doesn t persist after rest, it may be coronary ... that one may have coronary ischemia, your doctor will administer a series of test to be sure that is what you have. The most common tests today are an electrocardiogram, an exercise stress test, and a coronary angiography. ref name DCH Gerstenblith, Gary, and Simeon. Margolis. Diagnosis of Coronary ... of coronary ischemia or CAD are present. ref name DCH Coronary Angiography A coronary angiography is performed only after a stress test or ECG shows a sign of coronary ischemia or CAD. This test is very ... on a special x ray machine. ref name DCH The test takes one to two hours. Side Effects Coronary ... blood pressure, and high cholesterol. If not treated, these can both lead to a heart attack. When the coronary ... muscle. ref name IHD If left untreated, coronary ischemia can also lead to a stroke. Treatment and Prevention Once you have coronary ischemia or coronary artery disease, you can treat it but you ... and Treat Coronary Artery Disease. Hopkins Heart Jan. 2008 25 36. Consumer Health Complete. Web ... Diet The way you eat is a very important factor in getting coronary ischemia or coronary artery disease ... more details
Image Taxus stent FDA.jpg thumb right 250px An example of a coronary stent. This Taxus stent is labeled as a drug eluting stent. A coronary stent is a stent tube placed in the coronary artery coronary arteries that supply the heart , to keep the arteries open in the treatment of coronary heart disease . It is used in a procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention PCI . Stents reduce chest pain ... with without timely coronary intervention vs. primary percutaneous intervention early after ST ... 1530 1538 pmid 16757491 ref Similar stents and procedures are used in non coronary vessels e.g. in the legs ... of the stent placement. Treating a blocked stenosed coronary artery with a stent follows the same steps as other Percutaneous coronary intervention Technique angioplasty procedures with a few important ... the guide catheter and viewing the flow of blood through the downstream coronary arteries. Intravascular ... or 64 mm using drug eluting stents for de novo coronary artery lesions author Aoki J, Ong ATL, Granillo ... Angioplasty 101 Angioplasty.Org ref Dealing with lesions near branches in the coronary arteries presents ... mar apr 06 108 119.html ref Re occlusion Coronary artery stents, typically a metal framework, can ... coronary syndromes including myocardial infarction, their benefit is less marked in stable patients. Clinical trials have failed to demonstrate that coronary stents improve survival over best medical ... that in patients with stable coronary artery disease PCI did not reduce the death, myocardial infarction ... NEJMoa070829 title Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease author ... PCI, CABG and optimum medical therapy for the treatment of multi vessel coronary artery disease. The MASS ... strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease one year results author Hueb W, Soares PR, Gersh ... trials have been performed to examine the efficacy of coronary stenting and compare with other treatment ... reflist External links DEFAULTSORT Coronary Stent Category Cardiology ru ... more details
. Coronary vessels Mainarticle Coronarycirculation The heart itself is supplied with oxygen and nutrients through a small loop of the systemic circulation. Portal veins The general rule is that arteries ...Image Illu systemic circuit.svg thumb 300px Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen ated blood away from the heart to the body , and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This physiologic theory of circulation was first described by William Harvey . This term is opposed and contrasted to the term pulmonary circulation first proposed by Ibn al Nafis . ref cite book last Maton first Anthea authorlink coauthors Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright title Human Biology and Health publisher Prentice Hall date 1993 location Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey pages url doi id isbn 0 13 981176 1 ref Course Systemic circulation refers to the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body s cells, and then re enters the heart. Blood leaves through the left ventricle to the aorta, the body s largest artery. The aorta leads to smaller arteries, arterioles, and finally capillaries. Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the cell into the blood and oxygen in the blood diffuses out of the blood and into the cell, blood then moves to venious capularies ... blood enters the systemic circulation when leaving the left ventricle , through the aortic semilunar valve . The first part of the systemic circulation is the aorta , a massive and thick walled ... vein branches into a second capillary system in the liver . Advantage Because the systemic circulation is powered by the left ventricle which is very muscular , one advantage of this form of circulation as opposed to open circulation , or the gill system that fish use to breathe is that there is simultaneous ... Dr. Matayoshi References references Smart Science Textbooks ,Philippines See also Pulmonary circulation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A secondary circulation is a circulation induced in a rotating system. For example, the primary circulation of Earth s atmosphere is zonal . If however a parcel of air, that moves in a purely zonal direction, is accelerated or decelerated zonally, the Coriolis force will add a meridional component to its velocity. This meridional circulation is then the secondary circulation. See also Hough function Primitive equations Secondary flow DEFAULTSORT Secondary Circulation Category Geophysics Category Physical oceanography Category Atmospheric dynamics Category Fluid mechanics Fluiddynamics stub nn Sekund r sirkulasjon ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Library circulation or library lending comprises the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library . A circulation or lending department is one of the key departments of a library. The main public service point is the circulation desk or loans desk, usually found near the main entrance of a library. It provides lending services and facilities for return of loaned items. Renewal of materials and payment of fines are also handled at the circulation desk. Circulation staff may provide basic search and reference services, though more in depth questions are usually referred to reference librarians at the library reference desk . The circulation desk is in most cases staffed by library aides instead of professional librarians. Functions of the circulation desk staff may include Lending materials to library users Checking in materials returned Monitoring materials for damage and routing them to the appropriate staff for repair or replacement Troubleshooting circulation technology, i.e. library circulation software, scanners, printers, etc. Collecting statistics on library use, i.e. patron transactions, material checkouts, etc. Reserve The circulation desk can also look after the reserve section such as past exam papers and unit materials. Infringement processing The payment of infringements for late, lost book charges and overdue items are processed by the circulation desk. They can also lift restrictions for library patrons once the fines have been paid. Shelving The circulation desk also handles the shelving of items used from the Reserve section and also the reference section. Lost and found Some circulation desks also provide a lost and found service. This includes commonly found items such as library cards matric card, laptops, wallets, computer media and portable devices. See also Interlibrary loan Library reference desk DEFAULTSORT Library Circulation Category Library science ... more details
In the field of architecture , circulation refers to the way people move through and interact with a building. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 118392 circulationcirculation architecture in Britannica Online Encyclopedia ref In public buildings, circulation is of high importance for example, in buildings such as museums , it is key to have a floor plan that allows continuous movement while minimizing the necessity to retrace one s steps, allowing a visitor to see each work in a sequential, natural fashion. Structures such as elevator s, escalators , and staircases are often referred to as circulation elements, as they are positioned and designed to optimize the flow of people through a building. References references Category Architectural design Architecture stub ... more details
Enteroenteric circulation is the secretion back into the intestines of substances previously taken up from it. It occurs when there is a negative relative concentration of substance in the intestines, making it passively diffuse from the mesenteric circulation into the intestinal lumen and is trapped. ref name CNYPCC http www.upstate.edu poison pdf tox newsletter 04 01toxnews.pdf The CNYPCC Toxicology Letter Vol. VI No. 2. Central New York Regional Poison Control Center. April, 2001 ref Examples of toxins that exhibit enteroenteric circulation include theophylline , phenobarbital , and phenytoin . ref name CNYPCC Administration of activated charcoal inhibits the enteroenteric circulation of such substances, and is therefore useful in overdose or intoxication. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 471331 medscape.com Use of Activated Charcoal in Drug Overdose. By Desiree Lie, MD, MSEd. Posted 25 March 2004 ref See also Enterohepatic circulation References Reflist Category Gastroenterology Medicine stub ... more details
Infobox journal title Circulation cover File Circulation journal cover.gif editor Joseph Loscalzo discipline ... 7322 eISSN 1524 4539 boxwidth Circulation is a scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams ... ref 2008 saw the appearance of six subspecialty journals. The first edition of Circulation Arrhythmia ... pmid 19808386 ref followed by an edition dedicated to heart failure in May titled Circulation Heart Failure Circ Heart Fail . ref cite journal author Udelson JE title The inaugural issue of Circulation ... per month from July through October 2008. In order of release they were, Circulation Cardiovascular ... 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCIMAGING.108.793083 ref , Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions Circ Cardiovasc Intervent ref cite journal author Faxon D title Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions ... 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.799270 pmid 20031647 ref , Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes ref cite journal author Krumholz H title Circulation ... 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCOUTCOMES.108.814509 pmid 20031779 ref , and Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics Circ ... The Inauguration of Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics journal Circ Cardiovasc Genet year 2008 ... access policy All Circulation papers are available for free full text Open access publishing open access ... http circ.ahajournals.org Circulation home page http circep.ahajournals.org Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology home page http circheartfailure.ahajournals.org Circulation Heart Failure home page http circimaging.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging home page http circinterventions.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions home page http circoutcomes.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes home page http circgenetics.ahajournals.org Circulation ... page DEFAULTSORT Circulation Journal med journal stub Category Cardiology journals Category Publications ... journals fr Circulation journal nl Circulation ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of Circulatory anastomosis anastamoses branches formed between adjacent blood vessels. An example of the usefulness of collateral circulation is a systemic thrombo embolism in cats. This is when a thrombus lodges above the external iliac artery Common Iliac Artery , blocking the external and internal iliac arteries and effectively shutting off all blood supply to the hind leg. Even though the main vessels to the leg are blocked, enough blood can get to the tissues in the leg via the collateral circulation in order to keep them alive. DEFAULTSORT Collateral Circulation Category Cardiovascular system Circulatory stub ... more details
A newspaper s circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Newspaper circulation rates are currently experiencing a downward trend. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation , since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper .... World newspapers with the largest circulation The World Association of Newspapers WAN publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 ... are still the List of newspapers in the world by circulation largest circulated newspapers in the world ... is the List of newspapers in the world by circulation largest circulated English language daily ... is the most popular paper in China. The List of newspapers in the United States by circulation ... having eclipsed the former for a period of years but according to its own press kit, the circulation ... Book of Records , the daily circulation of the Soviet newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda Russian ... i Fakty boasted a circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991. Individual countries Belgium The Belgian institution CIM Centre for Information about Media publishes national circulation figures for all written ... , 73,784. Canada see List of Canadian newspapers by circulation The most widely read paper in the country ... papers don t. India see List of newspapers in India by circulation The 2010 Indian Readership Survey ... in Malayalam from Kerala, currently has a readership of over 9.9 million with a circulation base of over 1.8 million copies has the most circulation in regional languages. Japan main List of newspapers in Japan The 2004 circulation figures for the morning and evening editions of Japan s largest ... more details
File Langmuir Circulation.jpg right thumb Langmuir circulation File Rodeo Lagoon From Trail.JPG thumb right White streaks in this lagoon are due to the Langmuir circulation. File Lines of sargassum Sargasso Sea.jpg thumb right These lines of sargassum can stretch for miles along the surface. The clumps of floating algae are often concentrated by the strong winds and wave action associated with the Gulf Stream . Langmuir circulation is a wind driven helix circulation in the ocean with the axis almost parallel to the wind. Irving Langmuir discovered this phenomenon after noticing windrow s of seaweed in the Sargasso Sea in 1938. ref The open university, Ocean circulation Butterworth Heinemann second edition 2001 ref The circulation was found to be 15 to the right of the wind in the northern hemisphere ref Stewart, Robert H., Introduction To Physical Oceanography , Copyright 2002 Fall 2002 Edition ref and the helix forming bands of divergence and Convergence zone convergence at the surface. At the convergence zones floating seaweed, foam and debris will concentrate and form the bands Langmuir noticed in 1938. At the surface the circulation will set a current from the divergence zone to the convergence zone and the spacing between these zones are of the order 15 300 m. Below convergence zones narrow jets of downward flow form and the magnitude of the current will be comparable to the horizontal flow. The downward propagation will typically be in the order of meters or tenths of meters and will not penetrate the pycnocline . The upwelling will generally be less intense and take place over a wider band under the divergence zone. In an observation done at windspeeds of 14 m s sup 1 sup the horizontal spacing of the cells were 20 m and maximum vertical velocity was 18 cm s sup 1 sup . Citation needed date June 2010 References Reflist External links Commons category Langmuir circulation physical oceanography Category Oceanography Category Physical ... more details
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