Refimprove date November 2008 Conspecificity is a concept in biology . Two or more individual organism s, population s, or taxa are conspecific if they belong to the same species . ref cite web url http www.biology online.org dictionary Conspecificity title Conspecificity publisher Biology online accessdate 5 December 2009 ref Where different species can interbreed and their gametes compete, the conspecific gametes take precedence over heterospecific gametes. This is known as conspecific sperm precedence or conspecific pollen precedence in plants. Antonym The antonym , opposite term of conspecificity is the term heterospecificity two individuals are Heterospecificity heterospecific if they are considered to belong to different biological species. ref cite web url http www.biology online.org dictionary Heterospecificity title Heterospecificity publisher Biology online accessdate 5 December 2009 ref Neurology See the discussion of mirror neuron in which a neuron fires both when the animal performs an action and when the animal sees another animal perform the same action. See also div style column count 1 moz column count 1 webkit column count 1 Portal Evolutionary biology Evolutionary biology References Reflist Wiktionary conspecific evolution stub Category Evolutionary biology ca Coespecificitat de Konspezifit t es Conespec fico eo Samspecieco fr Consp cificit pt Coespec fico ... more details
A microparasite is a parasite that complete a full Biological life cycle life cycle within one host biology host and can be Infectious disease Transmission transmitted directly to conspecificity conspecific hosts. They often reproduction reproduce within a host s cells and are generally too small to be seen with the naked eye. Most are viruses , bacteria and fungi with a smaller number being protists . Examples include Salmonella and HIV . See also Epidemiology Macroparasite Parasite Intracellular parasite List of parasitic organisms Category Parasites Parasite stub ... more details
Taxobox name Fecund vesper mouse status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Bernal, N. & Vivar, E. year 2008 id 136737 title Calomys fecundus downloaded 27 August 2009 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Calomys species C. fecundus binomial Calomys fecundus binomial authority Oldfield Thomas Thomas , 1926 synonyms The fecund vesper mouse Calomys fecundus is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae . It is known only from Bolivia , where it is found in the yungas and Tucumano boliviano forest ecoregion s at elevations from 600 to 2700 m. ref name iucn It is regarded by some authorities as conspecificity conspecific with Calomys boliviae C. boliviae . ref name iucn References reflist Calomys stub Category Mammals of Bolivia Category Phyllotini ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae genus Coccothrinax species C. victorini binomial Coccothrinax victorini binomial authority Fr re Le n Joseph Sylvestre Sauget Le n Coccothrinax victorini is a Arecaceae palm which is endemic ecology endemic to eastern Cuba . ref name Kew cite web url http www.rbgkew.org.uk wcsp namedetail.do?accepted id 44467&repSynonym id 9998&name id 44467&status true title Coccothrinax victorini accessdate 2006 12 08 format work Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ref Henderson and colleagues consider Coccothrinax inaguensis to be a possible conspecificity conspecific with this species. If that is the case, the older name, Coccothrinax victorini would replace the better known C. inaguensis . ref name Henderson cite book last Henderson first Andrew authorlink Andrew Henderson botanist coauthors Gloria Galeano Rodrigo Bernal title Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas year 1995 publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton, New Jersey isbn 0 691 08537 4 ref References reflist Category Coccothrinax victorini Category Trees of Cuba Category Plants described in 1939 Corypheae stub tree stub ... more details
Taxobox name Pichincha oldfield mouse status DD status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Pacheco, V., Tirira, D. & Boada, C. year 2008 id 136349 title Thomasomys vulcani downloaded 18 August 2009 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Thomasomys species T. vulcani binomial Thomasomys vulcani binomial authority Oldfield Thomas Thomas , 1898 synonyms The Pichincha oldfield mouse Thomasomys vulcani is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000972 page 1184 ref It is present in the Cordillera Occidental Ecuador Cordillera Occidental of the Andes of Ecuador , where its habitats include shrubby p ramo and montane forest . ref name iucn It is nocturnality nocturnal and terrestrial. ref name iucn The specific and common names are references to Pichincha Volcano , on whose slopes the species was discovered at an elevation of 3500 m. ref name iucn The mouse is threatened by conversion of its limited habitat to agricultural use. ref name iucn It has sometimes been considered to be Conspecificity conspecific with Aepeomys lugens . References reflist Category Mammals of Ecuador Category Thomasomyini Thomasomys stub eu Thomasomys vulcani ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Intra species recognition is recognition by a member of a species of a conspecific another member of the same species . In many species, such recognition is necessary for procreation. Different species may employ different methods, but all of them are based on one or more sense s after all, this is how the organism gather information about the environment . The recognition may happen by chemistry chemical signature olfaction smell , by having a distinctive shape Visual perception sight , by emitting certain sounds hearing sense hearing , or even by behaviour patterns. Often a combination of these is used. Among human being s, the sense of sight is usually in charge of recognizing other members of the same species, with maybe the subconscious help of smell. In particular, the human brain has a disproportionate amount of processing power dedicated to finely analyze the features of a human face. This is why we are able to distinguish basically all six billions of human beings from each other barring look alike look alikes , and a human being from a similar species like some anthropomorphic ape , with only a quick glance. Intra species recognition systems are often subtle. For example, ornithologists have great difficulty in distinguishing the chiffchaff from the willow warbler by eye, and there is no evidence that the birds themselves can do so other than by the different birdsong song s of the male. Sometimes, too, intra species recognition is fallible in many species of frog , the males are not uncommonly seen copulating with females of the wrong species or even with inanimate objects. See also Assortative mating Sexual selection Conspecificity DEFAULTSORT Intra Species Recognition Category Reproduction ... more details
orphan date March 2010 Mergeto necrophilia date May 2009 Davian behavior is a scientific term of art technical term referring to copulation with a dead Conspecificity conspecific . It was first observed in ground squirrel s and was named after an old Limerick poetry limerick ref name Dickerman cite journal author Dickerman, Robert W. title Davian Behavior Complex in Ground Squirrels journal Journal of Mammalogy year 1960 volume 41 issue 3 pages 403 404 doi 10.2307 1377510 publisher Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 41, No. 3 jstor 1377510 ref cquote There was an old miner named Dave br who kept a dead whore in his cave br You have to admit br He hadn t much wit br But look at the money he saved Davian behavior has since been observed and published in birds ref name Lehner cite journal author Lehner, Philip N. title Avian Davian Behavior journal The Wilson Bulletin year 1988 volume 100 issue 2 url http elibrary.unm.edu sora Wilson v100n02 p0293 p0294.pdf pages 293 294 ref and frogs anurans ref Lewis, 1989 S. Lewis, Cane Toads an Unnatural History, Doubleday, New York 1989 . ref . This behavior termed as necrophilia also occurs in humans and the fact that there are laws against it, assumes that it must be controlled. Such laws are typically titled abuse of a corpse. ref name Meshaka cite journal author Meshaka, Walter E., Jr title Anuran Davian behavior a Darwinian dilemma journal Florida Scientist year 1997 volume 59 issue 2 pages 74 75 ref References references Category Necrophilia Category Paraphilias Category Sexual fetishism Category Death sex stub ... more details
taxobox status DD status system IUCN2.3 status ref ref name IUCN IUCN2007 assessors Johnson, D. year 1998 id 38483 title Coccothrinax inaguensis downloaded November 12, 2007 ref regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae genus Coccothrinax species C. inaguensis binomial Coccothrinax inaguensis binomial authority Robert W. Read Read Coccothrinax inaguensis thatch palm , ref name Henderson cite book last Henderson first Andrew authorlink Andrew Henderson botanist coauthors Gloria Galeano Rodrigo Bernal title Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas year 1995 publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton, New Jersey isbn 0 691 08537 4 ref Inagua silver palm ref name PACSOA cite web url http www.pacsoa.org.au palms Coccothrinax inaguensis.html title Coccothrinax inaguensis accessdate 2007 11 13 publisher Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia ref is a Arecaceae palm which is endemic ecology endemic to the Bahamas . ref name Kew cite web url http www.rbgkew.org.uk wcsp namedetail.do?accepted id 44415&repSynonym id 9998&name id 44415&status true title Coccothrinax inaguensis accessdate 2006 12 08 format work Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ref Henderson and colleagues also considered Coccothrinax victorini to be a possible conspecificity conspecific . If that is the case, the name C. victorini should be applied to the combined species, since that name was the first to be published. ref name Henderson References reflist Category Coccothrinax inaguensis Category Trees of the Bahamas Category Data deficient plants Category Plants described in 1966 Corypheae stub tree stub ... more details
taxobox image Crataegus pedicellata Bl te.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Crataegus species C. pedicellata binomial Crataegus pedicellata binomial authority Charles Sprague Sargent Sarg. Crataegus pedicellata is a name for a species of Crataegus Hawthorn that has been shown to be the same as Crataegus coccinea C. coccinea Carolus Linnaeus L. ref name Phipps Phipps JB, Cafferty S, Macklin JA 2003 Lectotypification of Crataegus coccinea L. and its conspecificity with C. pedicellata Sarg. Rosaceae . Taxon 52 337 338 ref , common name Scarlet Hawthorn . Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , the older name C. coccinea should be used. Considerable confusion persists, however, because the name C. coccinea has been misapplied for a long time ref name Phipps . References and external links references http www.pfaf.org database plants.php?Crataegus pedicellata information from Plants for a Future http www.evergreen.ca nativeplants search view plant.php?ID 05200&query 20AND 20genus 20LIKE 20 27 24Crataegus 24 27 20 20AND 20species 20LIKE 20 27 24pedicellata 24 27 20 0 information from Evergreen Native Plants http www.sci.muni.cz bot zahr fotografie venkovni 20rostliny Crataegus 20pedicellata.jpg Crataegus pedicellata picture at www.sci.muni.cz Category Crataegus pedicellata az Crataegus pedicellata de Scharlach Wei dorn es Crataegus pedicellata ... more details
Taxobox image Crataegus holmesiana.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Crataegus series Crataegus series Coccineae Coccineae series authority John Claudius Loudon Loudon Alfred Rehder Rehder ref Macklin, J.A. Phipps, J.B. 2002 . Sargent s names in Crataegus ser. Coccineae Rosaceae . Harvard Papers in Botany . 7 1 25 35. ref species C. holmesiana binomial Crataegus holmesiana binomial authority William Willard Ashe Ashe Crataegus holmesiana is a species of Crataegus hawthorn that is closely related to Scarlet Hawthorn, Crataegus coccinea C. coccinea often incorrectly called Crataegus pedicellata C. pedicellata ref Phipps JB, Cafferty S, Macklin JA 2003 Lectotypification of Crataegus coccinea L. and its conspecificity with C. pedicellata Sarg. Rosaceae . Taxon 52 337 338 ref , but with more elongated fruit and leaves ref Phipps, J.B., O Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. 2003 . Hawthorns and medlars . Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K. ref . References and external links references http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?313796 GRIN Species Profile http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol CRHO5 USDA Plants Profile for C. holmesiana http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol CRPE USDA Plants Profile for C. coccinea C. pedicellata Rosales stub Category Crataegus holmesiana az Crataegus holmesiana ... more details
Taxobox name King Genet image image alt image caption status DD status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Gaubert, P. & Dunham, A. year 2008 id 136435 title Genetta poensis downloaded 17 August 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Carnivora subordo Feliformia familia Viverridae subfamilia Viverrinae genus Genetta species G. poensis binomial Genetta poensis binomial authority Waterhouse, 1838 ref name World citation title Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed editor last Wilson editor first Don E. editor2 last Reeder editor2 first DeeAnn M. url http www.bucknell.edu msw3 browse.asp?s y&id 14000400 publisher Johns Hopkins University Press year 2005 accessdate 17 August 2009 ref range map King Genet area.png range map caption King Genet range The King genet Genetta poensis is a species of carnivorous mammal of the family Viverridae. It is distributed within west central Africa , close to the equator, and is native to the Republic of the Congo , Equatorial Guinea , Liberia , Ghana , and C te d Ivoire . ref name iucn The King genet is often considered to be Conspecificity conspecific with Genetta pardina G. pardina . The King Genet inhabits lowland tropical rainforest ecosystems. ref name iucn Hunting for the bushmeat market may be a threat. ref name iucn References reflist carnivora stub Carnivora V. Category Genets Category Mammals of Africa br Kazh banal roueel ca Genetta poensis de K nigsgenette es Genetta poensis eu Genetta poensis fr Genetta poensis it Genetta poensis uk Genetta poensis ... more details
Taxobox name Guatemalan broad clawed shrew status VU status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Woodman, N., Matson, J., Cuar n, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. year 2008 id 136614 title Cryptotis griseoventris downloaded 10 September 2009 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Cryptotis species C. griseoventris binomial Cryptotis griseoventris binomial authority Jackson, 1933 synonyms range map Guatemalan Broad clawed Shrew area.png range map caption Guatemalan Broad clawed Shrew range The Guatemalan broad clawed shrew Cryptotis griseoventris is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae . It is known from Guatemala and the Mexico Mexican state of Chiapas , where it has been found in montane forest s of Central American pine oak forests oak, pine and fir , as well as secondary forest , mostly at elevations above 2000 m. ref name iucn ref name Hutterer MSW3 Soricomorpha id 13700373 page 271 ref It feeds on insect s. ref name iucn Deforestation and habitat fragmentation are major threats. ref name iucn It was formerly considered Conspecificity conspecific with Cryptotis goldmani C. goldmani . ref name Hutterer References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Soricomorpha S1. Category Cryptotis Category Mammals of Mexico shrew, Guatemalan broad clawed Category Mammals of Guatemala shrew, Guatemalan broad clawed redtoothed shrew stub ca Cryptotis griseoventris es Cryptotis griseoventris eu Cryptotis griseoventris ... more details
taxobox image Crataegus pedicellata Bl te.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Crataegus series Crataegus series Coccineae Coccineae series authority John Claudius Loudon Loudon Alfred Rehder Rehder ref name Phipps Phipps JB, Cafferty S, Macklin JA 2003 Lectotypification of Crataegus coccinea L. and its conspecificity with C. pedicellata Sarg. Rosaceae . Taxon 52 337 338 ref species C. coccinea binomial Crataegus coccinea binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. Crataegus coccinea common name, Scarlet Hawthorn is a species of Crataegus Hawthorn around which there is considerable confusion because the name has been misapplied for a long time ref name Phipps . It has been shown to be the same as Crataegus pedicellata C. pedicellata ref name Phipps , and under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , that older name C. coccinea should be used. References and external links references http www.pfaf.org database plants.php?Crataegus pedicellata information about C. pedicellata from Plants for a Future http www.evergreen.ca nativeplants search view plant.php?ID 05200&query 20AND 20genus 20LIKE 20 27 24Crataegus 24 27 20 20AND 20species 20LIKE 20 27 24pedicellata 24 27 20 0 information about C. pedicellata from Evergreen Native Plants http www.sci.muni.cz bot zahr fotografie venkovni 20rostliny Crataegus 20pedicellata.jpg Crataegus pedicellata picture at www.sci.muni.cz Category Crataegus coccinea az Crataegus coccinea ... more details
In biological nomenclature, a syntype is a term used to indicate a specimen with a special status. In zoological nomenclature, a syntype is defined as Each specimen of a type series q.v. from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated Arts. 72.1.2, 73.2, 74 . The syntypes collectively constitute the name bearing type. Glossary of the zoological Code ref cite book author ICZN year 1999 title International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ref . This practice was common historically, and those syntypes which have not been replaced are still considered name bearing type s. ref name Geiger Historically, syntypes were often explicitly designated as such. Under the present International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , for names newly published now, after 1999, it is a requirement to expressly indicate ... those specimens ... upon which the new taxon i s based ... . Art. 72.3 of the zoological Code ref name Geiger cite book editor Charles F. Sturm, Timothy A. Pearce, ngel Vald s year 2006 title The Mollusks a Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation publisher Universal Publishers isbn 9781581129304 chapter Taxonomy and taxonomic writing a primer author Daniel L. Geiger pages 147 159 url http books.google.co.uk books?id NbmHx93s8gC&pg PA154 ref . Describing species or subspecies , based on syntypes, in modern practice, is generally frowned upon by practicing taxonomists. A lectotype may be designated from among the syntypes, reducing the other specimens to the status of paralectotype . ref name Geiger They are no longer name bearing types, though if the lectotype is lost or destroyed, it is generally preferable to use a conspecificity conspecific paralectotype as a replacement neotype . Where specimens in a syntype series are found to belong to different taxa, this may cause nomenclatural instability, since the nominal species can be interpreted in different ways. ref cite book author Carden C. Wallace year 1999 title Staghorn Corals of the Worl ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Retrophyllum image Retrophyllum comptonii 2.jpg image width image caption Retrophyllum comptonii regnum Plant ae divisio Pinophyta classis Pinophyta Pinopsida ordo Pinales familia Podocarpaceae genus Retrophyllum genus authority C.N.Page type species Retrophyllum vitiense type species authority Berthold Carl Seemann B.C. Seemann C.N. Page subdivision ranks Species subdivision Retrophyllum comptonii Retrophyllum minor Retrophyllum piresii Retrophyllum rospigliosii Retrophyllum vitiense Retrophyllum is a genus of Conifer coniferous gymnosperm s in the Family biology family Podocarpaceae . ref name pagepodocarpaceae Christopher N. Page. 1990. Podocarpaceae pages 332 346. In Klaus Kubitzki general editor Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green volume editors The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978 0 387 51794 0 ref It has a disjunct distribution in the Southern Hemisphere . Four or five species are recognized. ref name eckenwalder2009 James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. Conifers of the World . Timber Press Portland, OR, USA. ISBN 978 0 88192 974 4. ref Fossil Record Retrophyllum shoots have a distinctive morphology in which the leaves are in opposite pairs, and twisted in such a way that the abaxial surface of one leaf is up, and in the other it is down. This feature, added to a distinctive epidermal morphology means that well preserved specimens can be easily identified in the fossil record. The fossil record shows that Retophyllum was present in the Cenozoic of Australia Hill and Pole 1992 and New Zealand Pole 1992, 1997 . It is now extinct in both places. Taxonomy In a 2009 book on conifers, Retrophyllum piresii was treated as Conspecificity conspecific with Retrophyllum rospigliosii . The author stated One specimen from low elevations in Brazil was separated as a distinct species, but it falls well within the range of variation of the species as a whole and is geographically close to some ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Sarocladium oryzae regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Ascomycetes subclassis Incertae sedis ordo Incertae sedis familia Incertae sedis genus Sarocladium species S. oryzae binomial Sarocladium oryzae binomial authority Sawada W. Gams & D. Hawksw. , 1976 synonyms Acrocylindrium oryzae small Sawada, 1922 small br Sarocladium attenuatum small W. Gams & D. Hawksw., 1976 small Sarocladium oryzae Sawada is a plant pathogen causing the sheath rot disease of rice . In culture it produces 0.3 0.627 microgram s of helvolic acid and 0.9 4.8 micrograms of cerulenin per milliliter of culture medium. ref cite journal author Ayyadurai N, Kirubakaran SI, Srisha S, Sakthivel N title Biological and molecular variability of Sarocladium oryzae, the sheath rot pathogen of rice Oryza sativa L. journal Curr. Microbiol. volume 50 issue 6 pages 319 23 year 2005 month June pmid 15968500 doi 10.1007 s00284 005 4509 6 url ref The level of helvolic acid correlated with a higher incidence of sheath rot disease. Rice grains from infected plants were found to contain 2.2 micrograms helvolic acid and 1.75 micrograms of cerulein per gram of infected seeds, which induce chlorosis and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. ref cite journal author Ghosh MK, Amudha R, Jayachandran S, Sakthivel N title Detection and quantification of phytotoxic metabolites of Sarocladium oryzae in sheath rot infected grains of rice journal Lett. Appl. Microbiol. volume 34 issue 6 pages 398 401 year 2002 pmid 12028418 doi 10.1046 j.1472 765X.2002.01111.x url ref S. oryzae has also been known as Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada . For forty years prior to 2005, a common industrial fungal strain used to manufacture cerulenin was known under the invalidly published designation Cephalosporium caerulens , but an isolate of the original C. caerulens strain KF 140 was subsequently shown to be conspecific with S. oryzae . ref cite journal author Bills GF, Platas G, Gams W title Conspecifi ... more details
Taxobox name African Desert Warbler status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Sylviidae genus Typical warbler Sylvia species S. deserti binomial Sylvia deserti binomial authority Victor Loche Loche , 1858, Algeria n Sahara The African Desert Warbler Sylvia deserti is a typical warbler which breeds in the desert s of northwestern Africa south of the Atlas Mountains from southern Morocco east to western Libya and south to Mali and Niger . It winters in the same area, and does not bird migration migrate other than short distances. Until recently it was considered conspecificity conspecific with the Asian Desert Warbler and called just Desert Warbler , ref name DelHoyo Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., & Christie, D. editors . 2006 . Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X. ref but is now given species specific status. ref name IOC IOC World Bird List version 2.9 http www.worldbirdnames.org n warblers.html Old World Warblers ref ref name Svensson Svensson, L., Mullarney, K. & Zetterstr m, D. 2009 . Collins Bird Guide , second edition. HarperCollins, London ISBN 9780007267262. ref The two are still each other s closest living relatives, and their relationships to other typical warblers are not clear they may be fairly close to the Whitethroat . But it seems that all these three taxa are fairly Basal phylogenetics basal members of the genus . ref Helbig, A. J. 2001 . The characteristics of the genus Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia . Pages 24 28 in Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. Sylvia Warblers . Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0 7136 3984 9 ref ref J nsson, K. A., & Fjelds , J. 2006 . A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds Aves Passeri . Zoologica Scripta Zool. Scripta 35 2 149 186. doi 10.1111 j.1463 6409.2006.00221.x HTML abstract . ref It is a small bird, marginally the smallest in ... more details
Taxobox name Asian Desert Warbler status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Sylviidae genus Typical warbler Sylvia species S. nana binomial Sylvia nana binomial authority Wilhelm Hemprich Hemprich & Christian Ehrenberg Ehrenberg , 1833, southern El Tor , Sinai Peninsula The Asian Desert Warbler Sylvia nana is a typical warbler which breeds in the desert s of central and western Asia and the extreme east of Europe Volga Delta area east to western Inner Mongolia in China , and bird migration migrating to similar habitats in southwestern Asia Arabian Peninsula Arabia to northwestern India and the far northeast of Africa Red Sea coastal regions in winter. Until recently it was considered conspecificity conspecific with the African Desert Warbler and called just Desert Warbler , ref name DelHoyo Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., & Christie, D. editors . 2006 . Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X. ref but is now given species specific status. ref name IOC IOC World Bird List version 2.9 http www.worldbirdnames.org n warblers.html Old World Warblers ref ref name Svensson Svensson, L., Mullarney, K. & Zetterstr m, D. 2009 . Collins Bird Guide , second edition. HarperCollins, London ISBN 9780007267262. ref The two are still each other s closest living relatives, and their relationships to other typical warblers are not clear. They may be fairly close to the Whitethroat particularly, female Whitethroats look much like a richly coloured Asian Desert Warbler. But it seems that all these three taxa are fairly Basal phylogenetics basal members of the genus . ref Helbig, A. J. 2001 . The characteristics of the genus Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia . Pages 24 28 in Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. Sylvia Warblers . Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0 7136 3984 9 ref ref J nsson, K. A., & Fjelds , J. 2006 . ... more details
Taxobox name Auckland Teal image Anas aucklandica.jpg image caption Auckland Teal in front, with Brown Teal behind status VU status system IUCN3.1 trend regnum Animalia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Anseriformes familia Anatidae subfamilia Anatinae genus Anas species A. aucklandica binomial Anas aucklandica binomial authority George Robert Gray G. R. Gray , 1844 synonyms The Auckland Teal or Auckland Islands Teal Anas aucklandica is a species of dabbling duck of the genus Anas that is endemic ecology endemic to Auckland Islands south of New Zealand . The species was once found throughout the Auckland Islands but is now restricted to the islands that lack introduced predators Adams Island, New Zealand Adams Island , Enderby Island, New Zealand Enderby Island , Disappointment Island and a few smaller islands. An old report of the same flightless duck on North East Island, The Snares group Hector, 1896 most likely refers to a straggler. The Auckland Teal is smaller and raker than the Brown Teal of the main islands of New Zealand, a species with which it was once considered Conspecificity conspecific. The plumage is all over brown with a hint of green on the neck and a conspicuous white eyering. The female is slightly darker than the male. The wings are very small and the species has, like the related Campbell Teal , lost the power of bird flight flight . The Auckland Teal is mostly crepuscular to nocturnal animal nocturnal , preferring to hide from predators New Zealand Falcon s and skua s during the day. The species inhabits a variety of habitats with the islands, including tussock fields, megaherb shrubland and coastal waters. It is carnivorous for the most part, feeding on marine invertebrates, insect s, amphipod s and other small Invertebrates. Auckland Teal are territorial and seldom form flocks. References cite journal last Hector first J. year 1896 title Dr Collins testimony of a Snares Island duck journal Transactions and Proceedings of the Ne ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Koschevnikov s bee regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera familia Apidae genus Apis genus Apis species A. koschevnikovi binomial Apis koschevnikovi binomial authority G nther Enderlein Enderlein , 1906 Koschevnikov s bee , or Apis koschevnikovi , is a species of honey bee which inhabits Malaysia n and Indonesia n Borneo , where it lives conspecificity conspecifically with other honey bee species such as Apis cerana specifically Apis cerana nuluensis A. c. nuluensis . The species was first described by Buttel Reepen, who dedicated it to Grigory Aleksandrovich Kozhevnikov 1866 1933 , a 19th century pioneer of honey bee Morphology biology morphology . This was an invalid designation, however, and the name was first formally made available by G nther Enderlein that same year, so Buttel Reepen is not the author of the name following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ICZN . The species was described again by Maa in 1953, this time with the name Apis vechti . It was finally rediscovered by Tingek et al. in 1988. A. koschevnikovi hosts a unique species of the honey bee parasitic mite genus Varroa , named Varroa rindereri Guzm n et al. , 1996 . Although this parasite species is quite similar to Varroa jacobsoni it is perfectly differentiable. It has only been reported in colonies of A. koschevnikovi in Borneo and seems to be specific to that species, as it has yet to be observed crossing over to colonies of A. cerana , even when they live in the same apiary . References Maa T. C. 1953 An inquiry into the systematics of the tribus Apidini or honeybees Hym . Treubia 21, 525 640. Tingek S., Mardan M., Rinderer G., Koeniger N., Koeniger G. 1988 Rediscovery of Apis vechti Maa, 1953 the Sabah honey bee . Apidologie , 19, 97 102. Rinderer, T. E. Stelzer, J. A. Oldroyd, B. P. Tingek, S.. Levels of polyandry and intercolonial genetic relationships in Apis koschevnikovi . Journal of Apicultural Research , 1998 37 ... more details
Taxobox name Hume s Whitethroat image Hume s Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia althaea in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1441.jpg image width 250px image caption Wintering bird in Hyderabad, India . status LC status system iucn3.1 status ref ref IUCN2006 assessors BirdLife International year 2004 id 52829 title Sylvia althaea downloaded 26 April 2007 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Sylviidae genus Typical warbler Sylvia species S. althaea binomial Sylvia althaea binomial authority Allan Octavian Hume Hume , 1878, Kashmir synonyms Sylvia curruca althaea Hume s Whitethroat Sylvia althaea is a species of typical warbler . Until recently, it was considered conspecificity conspecific with the Lesser Whitethroat today these are seen as members of a superspecies which also includes the Desert Whitethroat . The present species together with the arid land Desert Whitethroat s seems to form an Asian lineage in the superspecies. ref name DelHoyo Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., & Christie, D. editors . 2006 . Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X. ref ref Helbig, A. J. 2001 . The characteristics of the genus Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia . Pages 24 28 in Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. Sylvia Warblers . Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0 7136 3984 9 ref ref J nsson, K. A., & Fjelds , J. 2006 . A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds Aves Passeri . Zoologica Scripta Zool. Scripta 35 2 149 186. doi 10.1111 j.1463 6409.2006.00221.x HTML abstract . ref It is distinguished from the Lesser Whitethroat by its slightly larger size 13 14 cm , slightly stouter bill, and the darker top of the head and darker grey brown back, which gives it less contrast between its upper head to back region than in Lesser Whitethroat. The throat is white, and the rest of the ... more details
Taxobox name Campbell Teal image Campbell Island Teal.JPG image width 240px status EN status system IUCN3.1 trend stable regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Anseriformes familia Anatidae subfamilia Anatinae genus Anas species A. nesiotis binomial Anas nesiotis binomial authority James Henry Fleming Fleming,JH , 1935 synonyms Anas aucklandica nesiotis The Campbell Teal or Campbell Island Teal Anas nesiotis is a small, flightless, nocturnal animal nocturnal species of dabbling duck of the genus Anas endemic ecology endemic to the Campbell Island group of New Zealand . It is sometimes considered Conspecificity conspecific with the Brown Teal . The plumage is similar to that of the Auckland Teal , dark sepia with the head and back tinged with green iridescence , and a chestnut breast on the male, with the female dark brown all over. Its natural habitat is tussock grassland dominated by Poa tussock grass, ferns and megaherb s. The species also uses the burrows and pathways of petrel species that nest on the islands. They are apparently territorial in the wild, and probably feed on amphipods and insects. Conservation The Campbell Teal was once found on Campbell Island, but was driven to extinction there by the introduced species introduction of Norway Rat s which ate their eggs and chicks , and was for a while presumed extinct. In 1975 it was rediscovered on Dent Island, New Zealand Dent Island , a small 23 hectare islet near Campbell that had remained rat free. The population was so small that a single event could have driven it to complete extinction to prevent this from happening, 11 individuals were taken into captivity by the New Zealand Department of Conservation Department of Conservation for captive breeding at the Mt Bruce Wildlife Centre in 1984 while the rest followed in 1990. They were also put on the list of critically endangered species in 1979. Captive breeding was initially very difficult to achieve, as no studies on the behavi ... more details
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