Unreferenced date December 2009 about mathematics In mathematics , connectedness is used to refer to various properties meaning, in some sense, all one piece . When a mathematical object has such a property, we say it is connected otherwise it is disconnected . When a disconnected object can be split naturally into connected pieces, each piece is usually called a component or connected component . Connectedness in topology Main Connected space A topological space is said to be connected space connected if it is not the union of two disjoint nonempty open set s. A Set mathematics set is open if it contains no point lying on its boundary topology boundary thus, in an informal, intuitive sense, the fact that a space can be partitioned into disjoint open sets suggests that the boundary between the two sets is not part of the space, and thus splits it into two separate pieces. Other notions of connectedness Fields of mathematics are typically concerned with special kinds of objects. Often such an object ... it is convenient to restate the definition of connectedness in such fields. For example, a graph ... a context free measure of connectedness, called the clustering coefficient . Other fields of mathematics ... of connectedness often reflect the topological meaning in some way. For example, in category ..., all one piece. There may be different notions of connectedness that are intuitively similar ... from standard topological connectedness in particular, there are connected topological spaces ... to, but clearly different from, connectedness. For example, a path connected topological ... theory Properties and parameters based on the idea of connectedness often involve the word connectivity ... k for which the graph is k connected. While terminology varies, noun forms of connectedness related ... spaces, it is far more common to speak of simple connectivity than simple connectedness . On the other ... for connectedness . Another example of connectivity can be found in regular tilings. Here, the connectivity ... more details
Deligne s connectedness theorem Fulton Hansen connectedness theorem Grothendieck s connectedness theorem Zariski s connectedness theorem Zariski s main theorem disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In one dimensional complex dynamics , the Connected space connectedness locus mathematics locus in a parameter space of polynomials or rational functions consists of those parameters for which the corresponding Julia set is connected. Without doubt, the most famous connectedness locus is the Mandelbrot set , which arises from the family math f c z z 2 c , math of complex quadratic polynomial s. The connectedness loci of the higher degree unicritical families, math z mapsto z d c , math where math d geq 3 , math are often called Multibrot set s . For these families, the bifurcation locus is the boundary of the connectedness locus. This is no longer true in settings, such as the full parameter space of cubic polynomials, where there is more than one free critical point mathematics critical point . For these families, even maps with disconnected Julia sets may display nontrivial dynamics. Hence here the connectedness locus is generally of less interest. DEFAULTSORT Connectedness Locus Category Fractals ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE lambda connectedness In applied mathematics , lambda connectedness or &lambda connectedness deals with partial connectivity for a discrete space . Assume that a function on a discrete space usually a graph is given. A degree of connectivity connectedness will be defined to measure the connectedness of the space with respect to the function. It was invented to create a new method for image segmentation . The method has expanded to handle other problems related to uncertainty for incomplete information analysis. ref name lambda connectedness L. Chen, O. Adjei, D. Cooley, lambda connectedness Method and Applications, Proc. IEEE Conf on System, Man and Cybernetics 2000, pp 1157 1562, 2000. ref For a digital image and a certain value of math lambda math , two pixels are called math lambda math connected if there is a path linking those two pixels and the connectedness of this path is at least math lambda math . math lambda math connectedness is an equivalence relation. ref name fuzzy subfiber L. Chen, H.D. Cheng, and J. Zhang, Fuzzy subfiber and its application to seismic lithology classification, Information Sciences Applications, Vol 1, No 2, pp 77 95, 1994. ref Background Connectedness is a basic measure in many areas of mathematical science and social sciences. In graph ... or no connection. lambda connectedness is introduced to measure incomplete or fuzzy relations ... among these vertices and are usually obtained from outside of the system. math lambda math connectedness ... weights. In order to define a partial, incomplete, or fuzzy connectedness, one needs to assign ... or economic network. Basic concepts A generalized definition of math lambda math connectedness ... connectedness for any two points. Assume math alpha rho x,y math is used to measure the neighbor connectivity ... n min alpha rho x i,x i 1 i 1, ldots,n 1 math Finally, the degree of connectedness connectivity of two ... math connectedness is a equivalence relation. It can be used in image segmentation. References reflist ... more details
Cleanup date February 2008 Social connectedness is a psychological term used to describe the quality and number of connections we have with other people in our social circle of family , friend s and acquaintance s. These connections can be both in real life , as well as online. The more socially connected a person is in his life, generally the greater sense of self control and self determination he feels. Fact date May 2009 Zero Acquaintance defines as Observation and judgment of someone with whom one has never interacted Friedman & Schustack, 2009, p. 279 There are six components that have been shown to help a person determine the quality of his interactions and social connectedness with others Duration of relationship Frequency of interaction with the other person Knowledge of the other person s goals Physical intimacy or closeness with the other person Self disclosure to the other person Social network familiarity how familiar is the other person with the rest of your social circle The higher a person scores on these components, the greater the quality of his social connectedness. Fact date May 2009 A scale called the Personal Acquaintance Measure has been developed to help a person measure their connectedness with another individual. Further Reading & References Ambady, N., Hallahan, M., & Rosenthal, R. 1995 . On judging and being judged accurately in zero acquaintance situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69, 518 529. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. 1992 . Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63, 596 612. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. 1991 . Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60, 241 253. Biesanz, J. C., West, S. G., & Millevoi, A. in press . What do you learn about someone over time? Acquaintanceship and the development of variable and target centered agreement in judgments ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 The connectedness to nature scale is a measure of individuals trait levels of feeling emotionally connected to the natural world in the realm of social and environmental psychology . The CNS is being used to test the effects of situational factors and personality characteristic that might impact connection to nature. Sources http www.oberlin.edu psych pdf mayer frantz.pdf Copy of report F. Stephan Mayer anad Cynthia McPherson Frantz, The Connectedness to nature scale A measure of individuals feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology 24 2004 503 515. Category Emotion Category Environmental psychology social psych stub ... more details
In mathematics , the Fulton Hansen connectedness theorem is a result from intersection theory in algebraic geometry , for the case of subvarieties of projective space with codimension large enough to make the intersection have components of dimension at least 1. The formal statement is that if V and W are irreducible algebraic subvarieties of a projective space P , all over an algebraically closed field , and if dim V dim W dim P in terms of the dimension of an algebraic variety , then the intersection U of V and W is connected space connected . More generally, the theorem states that if math Z math is a projective variety and math f Z to P n times P n math is any morphism such that math dim f Z n math , then math f 1 Delta math is connected, where math Delta math is the diagonal in math P n times P n math . The special case of intersections is recovered by taking math Z V times W math , with math f math the natural inclusion. See also Zariski s connectedness theorem Grothendieck s connectedness theorem Deligne s connectedness theorem References citation first W. last Fulton first2 J. last2 Hansen title A connectedness theorem for projective varieties with applications to intersections and singularities of mappings journal Annals of Math. volume 110 year 1979 pages 159 166 doi 10.2307 1971249 jstor 1971249 issue 1 publisher Annals of Mathematics citation first R. last Lazarsfeld title Positivity in Algebraic Geometry publisher Springer year 2004 External links http www.math.unizh.ch fileadmin math preprints 20 05.pdf PDF lectures withe the result as Theorem 15.3 attributed to Faltings, also Category Intersection theory Category Theorems in geometry ... more details
In mathematics, Grothendieck s connectedness theorem harvnb Grothendieck 2005 loc XIII.2.1 , harvnb Lazarsfeld 2004 loc theorem 3.3.16 states that if A is a complete local ring whose spectrum is k connected and f is in the maximal ideal, then Spec A fA is k &minus 1 connected. Here a Noetherian scheme is called k connected if its dimension is greater than k and the complement of every closed subset of dimension less than k is connected. Grothendieck XIII.2.1 It is a local analogue of Bertini s theorem . References citation last Grothendieck first Alexandre authorlink Alexandre Grothendieck first2 Mich le last2 Raynaud title S minaire de G om trie Alg brique du Bois Marie 1962 Cohomologie locale des faisceaux coh rents et th or mes de Lefschetz locaux et globaux SGA 2 series Documents Math matiques 4 origyear 1968 edition Updated year 2005 publisher Soci t Math matique de France language French pages x 208 isbn 2 85629 169 4 citation title Positivity in Algebraic Geometry first Robert last Lazarsfeld year 2004 publisher Springer isbn 3540225331 Category Algebraic geometry Category Theorems in algebraic geometry ... more details
About the word the film Kanyini film Kanyini is an Indigenous Australians Australian Indigenous word. Kanyini is the principle of connectedness through caring and responsibility that underpins Aboriginal life. Kanyini is a connectedness to tjukurrpa knowledge of creation or Dreaming spirituality Dreaming , spirituality , ngura place, land , walytja kinship and kurunpa spirit or soul . Kanyini is nurtured through caring and practicing responsibility for all things. See also Nurture kinship References http www.resurgence.org magazine article132 Kanyini.html Resurgence Magazine Kanyini by Bob Randall Category Indigenous Australian culture Category Australian Aboriginal culture Ia lang stub ... more details
In mathematics , especially in the field of commutative algebra , a connected ring is a commutative ring A that satisfies one of the following equivalent conditions A possesses no non trivial that is, not equal to 1 or 0 idempotent elements the Spectrum of a ring spectrum of A is a connected space . Examples and non examples Connectedness defines a fairly general class of commutative rings. For example, all local ring s and all irreducible ring s are connected. In particular, all integral domain s are connected. Non examples are given by product rings such as Z × Z here the element 1, 0 is a non trivial idempotent. Generalizations In algebraic geometry , connectedness is generalized to the concept of a connected scheme . Category Commutative algebra Category Ring theory ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 orphan date November 2009 In topology , a hereditarily unicoherent , Connected space Path connectedness arcwise connected continuum topology continuum is called a dendroid. A continuum X is called hereditarily unicoherent if every subcontinuum of X is unicoherent . A locally connected dendroid is called a dendrite mathematics dendrite . DEFAULTSORT Dendroid Topology Category Continuum theory Topology stub ... more details
In statistics , m separation is a measure of disconnectedness in ancestral graph s and a generalization of d separation for directed acyclic graph s. It is the opposite of m connectedness . Suppose G is an ancestral graph. For given source and target nodes s and t and a set Z of nodes in G s , t , m connectedness can be defined as follows. Consider a path graph theory path from s to t . An intermediate node on the path is called a collider if both edges on the path touching it are directed toward the node. The path is said to m connect the nodes s and t , given Z , if and only if every non collider on the path is outside Z , and for each collider c on the path, either c is in Z or there is a directed path from c to an element of Z . If s and t cannot be m connected by any path satisfying the above conditions, then the nodes are said to be m separated . The definition can be extended to node sets S and T . Specifically, S and T are m connected if each node in S can be m connected to any node in T , and are m separated otherwise. References Drton, Mathias and Thomas Richardson. Iterative Conditional Fitting for Gaussian Ancestral Graph Models . http www.stat.washington.edu www research reports 2003 tr437.pdf Technical Report 437 , December 2003. See also d separation Category Graphical models ... more details
Summary en Sergei Korolev , en Igor Kurchatov and en Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh 1956 Downloaded from http www.keldysh.ru museum keldysh photo4.html Non free historic image Non free use rationale Description This is an iconic historical image showing three leaders of Soviet science, Sergei Korolev , Igor Kurchatov and Mstislav Keldysh together Source http www.keldysh.ru museum keldysh photo4.html Article Sergei Korolev Portion whole Low resolution yes Purpose Show an iconic image and demonstrate close connectedness of those people Replaceability No, the image is copyrighted and all those subjects are dead Other information Non free use rationale Description This is an iconic historical image showing three leaders of Soviet science, Sergei Korolev , Igor Kurchatov and Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh together Source http www.keldysh.ru museum keldysh photo4.html Article Mstislav Keldysh Portion whole Low resolution yes Purpose Show an iconic image and demonstrate close connectedness of those people Replaceability No, the image is copyrighted and all those subjects are dead Other information ... more details
In psychology , the care perspective focuses on people in terms of their connectedness with others, communication interpersonal communication , relationships with others, and concern for others. ref cite book title Moral Theory An Introduction author Mark Timmons year 2002 publisher Rowman & Littlefield url http books.google.com books?vid ISBN084769769X&id 3yqoMaokIFAC&pg RA2 PA225&lpg RA2 PA225&dq 22Care perspective 22&ie ISO 8859 1&output html isbn 084769769X ref See also Carol Gilligan Moral development References reflist Category Human communication social psych stub ... more details
In topology and related areas of mathematics a uniformly connected space or Cantor connected space is a uniform space U such that every uniformly continuous function from U to a discrete uniform space is constant. A uniform space U is called uniformly disconnected if it is not uniformly connected. Properties A compact space compact uniform space is uniformly connected if and only if it is connected space connected Examples every connected space is uniformly connected the rational number s and the irrational numbers are disconnected but uniformly connected See also connectedness References Georg Cantor Cantor, Georg ber Unendliche, lineare punktmannigfaltigkeiten , Mathematische Annalen . 21 1883 545 591. topology stub Category uniform spaces ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Classical Adlerian individual psychotherapy , brief therapy, couple therapy, and family therapy follow parallel paths. Clients are encouraged to overcome their feelings of insecurity, develop deeper feelings of connectedness, and to redirect their striving for significance into more socially beneficial directions. Through a respectful Socratic dialogue , they are challenged to correct mistaken assumptions, attitudes, behaviors and feelings about themselves and the world. Constant encouragement stimulates clients to attempt what was previously felt as impossible. The growth of confidence, pride, and gratification leads to a greater desire and ability to cooperate. The objective of Classical Adlerian psychotherapy is to replace exaggerated self protection, self enhancement, and self indulgence with courageous social contribution. See also Classical Adlerian psychology Adlerian Alfred Adler Individual psychology External links http www.alfredadler.org Category Psychological schools Adlerian Category Psychiatric treatments psychology stub ... more details
The Whitehead conjecture is a claim in algebraic topology . It was formulated by J. H. C. Whitehead in 1941. It states that every Connectedness connected subcomplex of a two dimensional Aspherical space aspherical CW complex is aspherical. In 1997, Mladen Bestvina and Noel Brady constructed a group G so that either G is a counterexample to the Eilenberg Ganea conjecture , or there must be a counterexample to the Whitehead conjecture. References http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0003 486X 28194104 292 3A42 3A2 3C409 3AOARTHG 3E2.0.CO 3B2 5 J. H. C. Whitehead, On adding relations to homotopy groups , Annals of Mathematics, 2nd Ser., 42 1941 , no. 2, 409 &ndash 428. http www.springerlink.com content nhj24dgb0vb7bx5p ?p 3b9c54d35a7c445587b1fc97576a6a83&pi 1 Mladen Bestvina, Noel Brady, Morse theory and finiteness properties of groups , Inventiones Mathematicae 129 1997 , no. 3, 445 &ndash 470. DEFAULTSORT Whitehead Conjecture Category Algebraic topology Category Conjectures ... more details
notability date January 2011 primarysources date January 2011 The Boreal Forest Learning Centre BFLC is a non profit organization designed to promote awareness and stewardship of Saskatchewan s Boreal Forest . The goal of the BFLC is to bring together First Nations Elders, Educators and Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society to broaden perspectives of inter connectedness. The BFLC offers curriculum based workshops, guided tours into the boreal forest and developing recreational trails. Other projects include working with Prince Albert National Park to protect Bison , land use and mapping as well as identifying native plants and their uses. See also Prairie Learning Centre External links https sites.google.com a saskborealforestlearningcentre.org saskatchewan boreal forest learning centre Home about us Boreal Forest Learning Centre http www.prairielearningcentre.ca Prairie Learning Centre http www.parkscanada.gc.ca princealbert Prince Albert National Park Category Organizations based in Saskatchewan ... more details
In mathematics , a complete manifold or geodesically complete manifold is a Pseudo Riemannian manifold pseudo Riemannian manifold for which every maximal inextendible geodesic is defined on math mathbb R math . Examples All compact space compact manifolds and all homogeneous space homogeneous manifolds are geodesically complete. Euclidean space math mathbb R n math , the sphere s math mathbb S n math and the torus tori math mathbb T n math with their usual Riemannian metric s are all complete manifolds. A simple example of a non complete manifold is given by the punctured plane math M mathbb R 2 setminus 0 math with its usual metric . Geodesics going to the origin cannot be defined on the entire real line. Path connectedness, completeness and geodesic completeness It can be shown that a finite dimensional Connected space Path connectedness path connected Riemannian manifold is a complete metric space if and only if it is geodesically complete. This is the Hopf Rinow theorem . This theorem does not hold for infinite dimensional manifolds. The example of a non complete manifold the punctured plane given above fails to be geodesically complete because, although it is path connected, it is not a complete metric space any sequence in the plane converging to the origin is a non converging Cauchy sequence in the punctured plane. References Citation last1 O Neill first1 Barrett title Semi Riemannian Geometry publisher Academic Press isbn 0 12 526740 1 year 1983 . See chapter 3, pp. 68 . DEFAULTSORT Complete Manifold Category Riemannian geometry ... more details
Noncommutative topology in mathematics is a term applied to the strictly C algebra ic part of the noncommutative geometry program. The program has its origins in the Gel fand duality between the topology of locally compact spaces and the algebraic structure of commutative operation commutative C algebra s. Several topological properties can be formulated as properties for the C algebra s without making reference to commutative operation commutativity or the underlying space , and so have an immediate generalization. Amongst these are compact space compactness being unital algebra unital , dimension real rank real or stable rank , connected space connectedness projectionsless algebra projectionless algebra and K theory . So we think of a noncommutative C algebra as the algebra of functions on a noncommutative space which does not exist classically. A major tool in the field is a functor Bifunctors bivariant version of K theory called KK theory . It has a composition product math KK A,B times KK B,C rightarrow KK A,C math of which the ring structure in ordinary K theory is a special case. The product gives the structure of a Category topology category to KK. It has been related to Correspondence mathematics correspondences of algebraic varieties. ref http arxiv.org abs math.QA 0512138 math.QA 0512138 ref Notes references DEFAULTSORT Noncommutative Topology Category Banach algebras Category Topology topology stub ... more details
One source article date April 2009 Hypertextuality is a postmodern theory of the inter connectedness of all literature literary works and their interpretation logic interpretation . The prefix hyper is derived from the Greek above, beyond or outside . Hence hypertext has come to describe a text which provides a network of links to other texts that are outside, beyond and above itself . According to Gerard Genette in Palimpsestes , a book about hypertextuality, hypotext refers to the source of the text, as well as to previous editions or versions of it. Hypertext is related to paratext , which includes information that accompanies the text itself illustrations, preface or introduction . ref Cite book first G rard last Genette authorlink G rard Genette others Translated by Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky title Palimpsests literature in the second degree url http books.google.com books?id KbYzNp94C9oC publisher University of Nebraska Press location Lincoln, Nebraska year 1997 pages isbn 0 8032 7029 1 oclc 36001432 accessdate 6 April 2009 Page needed date September 2010 ref See also Intertextuality Paratext References Reflist Use dmy dates date September 2010 Category Hermeneutics Category Postmodernism no Hypertekstualitet sv Hypertextualitet ... more details
orphan date January 2008 The nursing diagnosis readiness for enhanced spiritual well being is defined as an ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life through a person s connectedness with self, others art, music, literature, nature, or a power greater than oneself. Anonymous, 2002, p. 68 and was approved by NANDA in 2002. Defining characteristics A person with this diagnosis may Having an enhanced desire for hope Feel that there is meaning and purpose to their life Have a sense of peace or serenity Surrender love Be forgiving towards themself, and request forgiveness of others Request forgiveness from others Have a satisfying philosophy of life Experience joy, courage, or heightened coping Pray or meditate Connect with others Provide service to others Experience connections with nature Experience connections with or a desire to create art, music, or literature, particularly of a religious or spiritual nature Experience a connection with a power greater than oneself Report mystical experiences or Participate in religious activities. Sources Anonymous 2002 . Diagnosis Review Committee New and revised diagnoses. Nursing Diagnosis 13 2 p. 68 71. Philadelphia NANDA Category Nursing diagnoses ... more details
expert subject Robotics date June 2009 unreferenced date June 2009 There is a special kind of physical platform called cellular automata that can perform different kinds of computation. Although the principle of cellular automata is very attractive, it is difficult to build a general purpose computer based on it for performing real engineering tasks. Since many image processing tasks are cellular in nature, it had been found that cellular processing hardware platforms can be used to perform these tasks. There are at least two kinds of hardware platforms for implementing cellular automata for the purpose of image processing. The first one is called cellular logic array and the second one is called cellular neural network . Cellular neural network is also known as cellular nonlinear network. The theory of cellular image processing is based on cellular logic and is the basis for designing image processing algorithms based on cellular hardware . It consists of the follows. Local rule s and its implementation. Decomposing global image processing tasks by using local rules. Signal propagation along local connectedness. Cellular image processing is a way of designing super fast image processing platforms. There are different VLSI implementations of cellular nonlinear network s to achieve this goal. The first comprehensive book addressing cellular image processing was written by Tommy Wood Wuxi Tommy Wood . Category Image processing Category Cellular automata ... more details
a more concrete explanation for the utility of the definition of n connectedness for example ... type from the point of view of low dimensions. Applications The concept of n connectedness ... more details
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