The following are some historical GermanicConfederations 230 BC Bastarnae , a mixture of Germanictribes, at the Black Sea they participated in the siege of Olbia modern South Ukraine in 220 BC . 109 BC Huge confederation composed of the Germanic of Cimbri and Teutones and the Celtic Germanic Helvetii formed near Miltenberg in Franconia. The confederation attempts an invasion of Italy but is defeated by Gaius Marius in the battles of Aquae Sextiae 102 BC and Battle of Vercellae Vercellae 101 BC 8 BC 8 6 BC Marcomanni from the northern Bavaria n and Main river Main river area went to the original homeland of the Boii in Boemia Bohemia and under king Marbod formed a Confederation of Marcomanni, Lugii , Semnoni Semnones , Langobardi Lombards , and others. Under king Ariovistus they fought against take overs by Roman Empire Roman emperor Caesar Augustus . 5 5 AD Pliny the Elder Pliny reported that Cimbri and Charydes sent ambassadors to Rome. 6 6 AD Marcomannic Confederation. 98 Tacitus reports on the Germanictribes that the Swedes Germanic tribe Suiones Swedes were one nation composed of several tribes civitates . 167 Marcomanni c Confederation, that also includes Quadi , Sarmatians , Suebi , Iazyges and others, crosses the Danube and invades Dacia . Roman Empire Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius eventually defeats them in 180 . 400 Thuringian regna loosely translated as kingdom or realm . Thuringii are reputed to have held the territory from the Danube to the Lower Elbe river. This u regna u was destroyed by the victory of Theuderic I of Austrasia , who in 530 defeated the Thuringian king Hermanafrid in the Battle at the Unstrut and killed him at Z lpich . See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture Norse clans Germanictribes List of Germanic peoples Germanic peoples DEFAULTSORT List Of Confederations Of GermanicTribes Category Ancient Germanic peoples Category History of the Germanic peoples Category Ancient Germanic Families sh Popis konfederacija germanskih plemena ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Germanictribes 750BC 1AD The West Germanictribes were Germanic peoples who spoke the branch of Germanic languages known as West Germanic languages . They appear to be derived from the Jastorf culture , a Pre Roman Iron Age offshoot of the Nordic Bronze Age culture. The West Germanictribes expanded southwards to the Rhine and later down to the Alps and west into Great Britain . Groups Istvaeones Saxons Jutes Angles Thuringians Alamanni Suebi Franks Sicambri Salian Franks Salii Chamavi Bructeri Chatti Chattuarii Ampsivarii Tencteri Ubii Batavians Batavi Frisii Cimbri Batavi Germanic tribe Batavi Chatti Thuringii Hermunduri Ingaevones See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture North Germanictribes East Germanictribes DEFAULTSORT West GermanicTribes Category Ancient Germanic peoples Ethno stub it Popoli germanici occidentali pt Tribos germ nicas ocidentais ... more details
Germanictribes 750BC 1AD The Germanictribes referred to as East Germanic constitute a Diaspora wave of immigrant migrant s who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers between the years 600 and 300 Before Christ BC . Later they went to the south. Unlike the Northern and Western tribes, they did not successfully preserve their ethnicity and were primarily assimilated into West Germanictribes and Romans. According to some theories, the east Germanictribes, related to the North Germanictribes , had migrated from Scandinavia into the region east of the Elbe River Vandals , Burgundians , Goths , Rugians and others . ref The Penguin atlas of world history Hermann Kinder and Werner Hilgemann translated by Ernest A. Menze with maps designed by Harald and Ruth Bukor. Harmondsworth Penguin Books. ISBN 0 14 051054 0 1988, Volume 1. p.109. ref Groups Groups identified as East Germanictribes include Bastarnae Burgundians Goths Thervings Greuthungs Visigoths Ostrogoths Crimean Goths Gepid s Rugians Scirii Vandals Heruli Traditionally the Lombards were classified as East Germanic, however, the Lombardic language is now considered by many specialists to be close ... , and old Anatolia . See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture North Germanictribes West Germanictribes Notes and references references Germanic philology Category Ancient Germanic peoples Category ... as West Germanic West rather than East Germanic more sensible. File Pre Migration Age Germanic.png thumb right 250px Territories inhabited by East Germanictribes between 100 BC and AD 300. Language See East Germanic languages The East Germanic languages are contrasted with North Germanic North and West Germanic . However, the East Germanic languages shared many characteristics with North Germanic , perhaps because of the later migration date. All the East Germanic languages are extinct as living languages. However, there have been recent attempts by Germanic tribal polytheists to reconstruct ... more details
Wiktionary GermanicgermanicGermanic may refer to The Germanic languages , descended from Proto Germanic . The Germanic peoples List of Germanic peoples List of confederations of Germanictribes German people Germanic mythology disambiguation SS Germanic 1875 S S Germanic 1875 , a White Star Line steamship See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture Gothic disambiguation Germania disambiguation Germanus disambiguation Germany Germanicia Caesarea disambig de Germanisch nds nl Germoans no Germansk ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 Historic Confederations Note The tables could be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the File Sort none.gif icon. class sortable wikitable style width 100 Name Period class unsortable Notes flag Confederate States of America 1861 1865 class unsortable the Confederacy was established by 11 southern states. South Carolina , Mississippi , Florida , Alabama , Georgia U.S. state Georgia , Louisiana , Texas , Arkansas , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Kentucky flagicon image Flag of the Confederation of the Rhine.svg Confederation of the Rhine 1806 1813 class unsortable It was a client state of the First French Empire New England Confederation 1643 1684 class unsortable British colonies of Massachusetts , Plymouth , Connecticut , and New Haven flagicon image Flag of Germany 3 2 aspect ratio .svg German Confederation 1815 1866 class unsortable flagicon image Flag of the German Empire.svg North German Confederation 1866 1871 class unsortable it was a military alliance of 22 states of Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia flagicon image Flag of the Aro Confederacy.svg Aro Confederacy 1690 1902 class unsortable Confederations Note The tables could be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the File Sort none.gif icon. class sortable wikitable style width 100 Name Period class unsortable Notes flagicon image Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg Iroquois Confederacy 1600 now class unsortable a group of Native American nations in Canada and the United States Category Federalism ... more details
Emperor . In the east, East Germanictribestribes that had migrated from Scandinavia to the lower Vistula ... 410 Sacked Rome under Alaric I Alaric in 410. Meanwhile, several Germanictribes were converted to Arianism ... Chalons and Battle of Nedao Nedao , migrating Germanictribes invaded the Western Roman Empire ... tribes North Germanic Vikings seamen launched a Viking expansion massive expansion , founding important ... year 1996 page 47. ref In these early records of apparent Germanictribes, tribal leader names of the Cimbri ... tribes did not have a single self designation Exonym and endonym endonym that included all Germanic ... when describing Germanictribes east of the Rhine was possibly a Germanic word which was used ... into tribal groupings centred on the rivers Oder and Vistula Weichsel East Germanictribes , the lower ... tribes . In addition, those Germanic people who remained in Scandinavia are referred to as North ... in a region defined by the Nordic Bronze Age culture between 1700 BCE and 600 BCE. The Germanictribes ... Baltic Sea Baltic shore by 100 CE. The early Germanictribes are assumed to have spoken ... Germanictribes. This culminated in military conflict with the armies of the Roman Republic ... work on the diverse group of Germanictribes outside of the Roman Empire, is our most important source ... could no longer adequately administer. Individuals and small groups from Germanictribes had ... state s controlled by a nobility from one of the Germanictribes is evident in the 6th century ... Germanic culture Romanization cultural Germanic Europe The Germanictribes of the Migration period had ... period spear Historical records of the Germanictribes in Germania east of the Rhine and west ... the pitched battles fought by Rome and Greece . Instead the Germanictribes focused on raids. The purpose ... to Ancient Rome Roman sources, when the GermanicTribes did fight pitched battles, the infantry ... Empire Romans , the Germanictribes were remembered in Roman records as fierce combatants, whose ... more details
South Germanic is a term used for a number of proposed groupings of the Germanictribes or Germanic languages ... are found As a straightforward synonym for West Germanic . This usage is particularly found in the study of Germanic mythology and Germanic culture culture , where it covers English and German sources in contrast to those from Scandinavia, which are termed North Germanic . The East Germanictribes are generally ... for example, Stefan Sonderegger . As a term in Ernst Schwarz s theory of the Germanic languages Germanic dialects. He divides Germanic into a North Germanic and a South Germanic or Continental Germanic group, with the Scandinavian languages and Gothic in the former. A feature of his grouping is the intermediate position of two other groups, Elbe Germanic and Ingvaeonic North Sea Germanic Anglo Frisian and Old Saxon , with the latter viewed floating being initially part of North Germanic ..., use instead the terms Northeast Germanic and Southwest Germanic . Nowadays the five linguistic ... North Germanic , North Sea Germanic , Rhine Weser Germanic , Elbe Germanic and East Germanic , all ... to Hutterer, who groups North Sea Germanic separately from the Weser Rhine Germanic and Elbe Germanic ... be seen as a development of Schwarz s theory, it implies that Northsea Germanic and South Germanic did not form any sort of larger West Germanic grouping. The German term Binnengermanisch Inland Germanic is also used in a similar sense to contrast the coastal West Germanic dialects with the rest, though it does not imply that they are not all part of West Germanic . Footnotes references References ... and separation of the Germanic languages in Frans Van Coetsem F. van Coetsem & H.L. Kufner eds. , Toward a Grammar of Proto Germanic Niemeyer, 1972 H. Kuhn, Zur Giedering der germanischen Sprachen , in Zeitschrift f r deutsches Altertum 86 1955 , 1 47. Winfred P. Lehmann, The Grouping of the Germanic ... Press, 1966 H.F. Nielsen, The Germanic Languages. Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations ... more details
Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages Germanic dialects, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th century tri partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic , West Germanic and East Germanic , but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanictribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether ... and the Elbe Germanictribes had settled in Southern Germany. This grouping was proposed by Hugo Kuhn as an alternative to the older view of a Gotho Nordic versus West Germanic division. This older ... groups to be distinguishable North Germanic in Southern Scandinavia excluding Jutland North Sea Germanic along the middle Rhine and Jutland Rhine Weser Germanic Elbe Germanic and East Germanic ref Britannica 15th edition 22 642 ref . The Northwest Germanic theory challenges these proposals, since it is strongly tied to runic inscriptions dated from AD 200 onwards. The evidence for Northwest Germanic ... morphology , word formation and lexis in North and West Germanic, though in fact there is considerable ... , which provides almost the sole evidence of the East Germanic dialects, is attested much earlier than the other Germanic languages, with the exception of a few runes runic inscription s. This means that direct comparisons between Gothic and the other Germanic languages are not necessarily good ... innovations cited as evidence for Northwest Germanic are Proto Germanic z r e.g. Gothic dius ON d r ... verbs in North and West Germanic, while Gothic uses reduplication e.g. Gothic haihait ON, OE h t , preterite ... common innovations in North Germanic and Gothic, which therefore challenge the Northwest Germanic hypothesis, include Proto Germanic jj , ww ddj , ggw e.g. Gothic triggwa , ON tryggva , OHG triuwe ... the genetic reality of both Northwest Germanic and Gotho Nordic, seeing them rather as mere ... more details
Germanic Myth refers to an idealized or valorized view of Germanic peoples German tribes living to the North of Rome in the first century CE. It takes inspiration from Germania book Germania , a 1 sup st sup century account of Germanictribes by Tacitus . ref race. Encyclop dia Britannica. Encyclop dia Britannica Online. Encyclop dia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 488030 race . The Germanic myth and English constructions of an Anglo Saxon past. Tacitus idealized the simple, unadulterated lives of the German tribes and contrasted what he saw as their positive cultural features with the decadence and decline of the Romans.... Little could he have anticipated that his descriptions of a simple tribal people, written for 2nd century Romans, would form one of the bases for a powerful theory of racial superiority that dominated the Western world during the 19th and 20th centuries. ref Notes reflist Further Reading cite book author Reginald Horsman title Race and manifest destiny the origins of American racial anglo saxonism url http books.google.com books?id 9TSc3iKP3ZkC&pg PP1 accessdate 15 November 2011 year 1981 publisher Harvard University Press isbn 978 0 674 94805 x pages 1 Europe hist stub Category History of Europe ... more details
about the germanic people the italian people Marsi Unreferenced date December 2009 Image GermanenAD50.png thumb right 300px Germanictribes around 50 CE The Marsi lang de Marser were a small Germanic tribe settled between the Rhine , Rur and Lippe River Lippe rivers in northwest Germany. Tacitus mentions them repeatedly, in particular in the context of the wars of Germanicus . They had been part of the tribal coalition of the Cheruscian war leader Arminius that in 9 AD annihilated three Roman Roman legion legion s under Publius Quinctilius Varus Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Battle of Teutoburg Forest . Germanicus, seeking revenge for this defeat, invaded the lands of the Marsi in 14 AD with 12,000 legionnaires, 26 cohorts of auxiliaries and eight cavalry squadrons. Celebrating the feast of their goddess Tanfana , the Marsi were too drunk to respond effectively to the Roman surprise attack and were massacred. According to Tacitus Annals Tacitus Annals 1, 51 , an area of 50 Roman miles was laid to waste with fire and sword No sex, no age found pity. A Legion eagle from Varus Defeat, either from the XVII or XVIII, was recovered Enraged by this and other similar bloodbaths e.g., in the spring of 15 among the Chatti , the frequently quarrelling tribes united once again to fend back the Roman invaders. After two more years of warfare, Rome finally abandoned its efforts to push its boundaries eastward to the Weser River Weser river and retreated permanently behind the Rhine . Several town names today remain as reminders of the ancient Marsi e.g., Marsberg and Obermarsberg in eastern North Rhine Westphalia and Volkmarsen in northern Hesse . List of Leaders of the Marsi ... Bonn 2001. de icon See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture List of Germanic peoples Germanic peoples References Reflist Category Ancient peoples Category Ancient Germanic peoples Category Germanic peoples Category Ethnic groups in Europe Category History of the Germanic peoples Category Iron Age Europe ... more details
Pre Germanic may refer to the predecessor of Common Germanic, see Germanic Parent Language a language spoken before the arrival of Germanic speakers during the Migration period, see Germanic substrate hypothesis pre Indo European disambig ... more details
Germanic religion may refer to pre Christian Germanic paganism Germanic Christianity the Deutschgl ubig new religious movements of the early 20th century disambig ... more details
Refimprove date September 2010 Germanic kingship refers to the customs and practices surrounding kings among the pagan Germanictribes of the Migration period circa AD 300 700 and the kingdoms of the Early Middle Ages circa AD 700 1000 . The title of king Proto Germanic kuningaz is in origin that of the leader ... family, usually considered of divine ancestry, in the Germanic paganism pagan period. The Germanic monarchies were originally Germanic paganism pagan , but their contact, during the V lkerwanderung ... used in the context of those Germanic rulers that after AD 476 and during the 6th century ruled ... . In the same context, Germanic law is also termed leges barbarorum barbarian law etc. ref also used by early 20th century Russia n medievalist s who saw similarities between the Germanic tribal monarchies ... language Anglo Saxon cyning , which in turn is derived from the Common Germanic kuningaz . The Common Germanic term was borrowed into Finnish and Estonian at an early time, surviving in these languages ... of one of noble birth OED . There were other terms for the Germanic king in early Germanic ... , oden from theod euda and eling from a el a el noble family . In Germanic poetry , kennings ... hl ford is another kenning for a chieftain, without parallels in other Germanic languages. Old Norse ... land captain introduced in the late medieval period has the same meaning. Germanic pagan kingship The Germanic king originally had three main functions To serve as judge during the popular assemblies ... of Tacitus Germania book Germania , the early Germanic peoples had an elective monarchy already ..., quam imperio, si prompti, si conspicui, si ante aciem agant, admiratione praesunt. ref Germanic ... that the Gothones were ruled by kings a little more strictly than the other German tribes, but not as yet inconsistently with freedom while beyond the Gothones, the Rugii and Lemovii tribes placed at the far ... , much of her provinces came under the rule of Germanic kings Hispania to the Visigoths , Italia Roman ... more details
Image Thor.jpg thumb 200px Thor or Donar , god of thunder, one of the major figures in Germanic mythology. Germanic mythology is a comprehensive term for myths associated with historical Germanic paganism , including Norse mythology , Anglo Saxon mythology , Continental Germanic mythology , and other versions of the mythologies of the Germanic people s. Germanic mythology ultimately derives from Indo European mythology , also known as Indo Germanic mythology. See also Common Germanic deities Female spirits in Germanic paganism Germanic paganism Germanic mysticism disambiguation Germanic folklore disambiguation List of Germanic deities Paganism in the Alpine region DEFAULTSORT Germanic Mythology Category Germanic mythology ko no Germansk mytologi tl Mitolohiyang Hermaniko ... more details
Germanictribes and is not given much weight by modern scholars. It is worth mentioning his note ... to have been prominent among the northerly tribes. Tacitus A much more detailed description of Germanic ... Germania , Chapter 40 ref According to Tacitus, the Germanictribes think of temples as unsuitable ... of the East Germanictribes East Germanic peoples , separated from the remaining Germanictribes ...Germanic paganism2 Germanic paganism refers to the Myth and ritual theology and religious practices of the Germanic peoples of north western Europe from the Iron Age until Christianization of the Germanic ... in the Viking and Germanic World . Page 9. Tempus. ref Germanic paganism took various forms in different areas of the Germanic world. The best documented version was that of 10th and 11th century Norse ... Germanic mythology Continental Germanic sources. Scattered references are also found in the earliest writings of other Germanic peoples and Roman ethnographers Roman descriptions. The information ... . Being pagan in nature, Germanic paganism was polytheism polytheistic , with some underlying similarities to other Proto Indo European religion Indo Germanic traditions . Many of the List of Germanic deities deities found in Germanic paganism appeared under similar names across the Germanic ... as unor and to the Norse as rr. History Pre Migration Period The Common Germanic period begins ... of earlier traditions of the Nordic Bronze Age . Early Germanic history remains in the prehistoric ... forms of the Germanic religion can only be speculated on based on archaeological evidence and comparative ... . He contrasts the elaborate religious custom of the Gauls with the simpler Germanic traditions. blockquote ... animal sacrifice animal and human sacrifice . He identifies the chief Germanic god with the Roman ... with Hercules and Mars mythology Mars receive animal sacrifice. The largest Germanic tribe ... the goddess visits, a great feast is held. During the travel of the goddess, the Germanic ... more details
Merge Germanic philology date March 2009 Germanic studies is the field of study of the Germanic languages and the history of the Germanic peoples . Subfields English studies German studies Dutch studies Scandinavian studies Runology comparative linguistics Common Germanic Founding figures Jacob Grimm Deutsches W rterbuch , Deutsche Mythologie Rasmus Rask See also Indo European studies Indiana University Germanic Studies http www.indiana.edu germanic Category Germanic studies Germany hist stub ling stub ... more details
section date December 2008 Germanictribes 750BC 1AD All Germanic languages are thought to be descended ...Infobox language family name Germanic altname region In northern, western and central Europe , Anglo America , Oceania , southern Africa familycolor Indo European protoname Proto Germanic language Proto Germanic child1 North Germanic languages North Germanic child2 West Germanic languages West Germanic child3 East Germanic languages East Germanic small extinct small iso2 gem iso5 gem lingua 52 phylozone map Germanic languages.svg mapcaption legend 0000ff Countries where a Germanic language is the first language of the majority of the population legend 8ddada Countries where a Germanic language is an official but not primary language Indo European topics The Germanic languages constitute a sub ... of the languages in this branch is called Proto Germanic also known as Common Germanic , which was spoken ... Germanic, along with all of its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm s law . Early varieties of Germanic enter history with the GermanictribesGermanic peoples moving south from northern Europe in the 2nd century BC, to settle in north central Europe. The most widely spoken Germanic languages are English language ... on Afrikaans publisher Ethnologue.com date accessdate 2010 08 28 ref and the North Germanic languages ... Excerpt at Durham University . ref The SIL International SIL Ethnologue lists 53 different Germanic languages. Characteristics Germanic languages possess several unique features, such as the following ... past tense these are called the Germanic weak verb s the remaining verbs with vowel ablaut are the Germanic ... to link to other Indo European families but with variants that appear in almost all Germanic languages see Germanic substrate hypothesis The sound change known as Verner s Law , which left a trace of Indo ... stress, native words always have a fixed stress regardless of what is added to them Germanic ... more details
Germanic folklore is recorded folklore of the Germanic speaking peoples . It is often used as a starting point for the reconstruction of a Common Germanic mythology Dutch folklore English folklore German folklore Scandinavian folklore Scottish folklore Lowland Scottish folklore Swiss folklore See also Folklore Journal of Germanic Mythology and Folklore Germanic mythology disambiguation Germanic paganism Germanic mysticism disambiguation Heathenry disambiguation Paganism in the Alpine region Urglaawe disambig ... more details
century, Germanictribes were converted and re converted by Missionary missionaries of the Catholic ... the history of Christianity in the Roman Empire, conversion of the Germanictribes in general took place top to bottom Fletcher1999 236 , in the sense that missionaries aimed at converting Germanic nobility ... Psalter, fol. 23, illustration of Psalm 91 13 The Germanic people underwent gradual Christianization ... England England and the Frankish Empire were officially Christian, and by AD 1100 Germanic paganism ... of Christianization of the various Germanic peoples Germanic people was partly facilitated by the prestige ... Empire , the Germanic tribe s who had migrated there with the exceptions of the Saxons , Franks , and Lombards ... Church in the Nicene Creed . ref name Padberg 1998, 26 The gradual rise of Germanic Christianity ... the Roman Empire. Most members of other tribes converted to Christianity when their respective tribes settled within the Empire, and most Franks and Anglo Saxons converted a few generations later ... Orthodox Church East , most of the Germanic peoples excepting the Crimean Goths and a few other ... Germanic peoples migrated into Scythia. Gothic culture and identity emerged from various East Germanic ... behalf against Arian Christians, Islam ic invaders, and pagan Germanic peoples such as the Saxons ... part of Germanic Europe to convert and most resistant. From the High Middle Ages , the territories ... like Clovis, could ask Christ for help also shows the adaptability of the Germanic polytheism . In the polytheistic Germanic tradition, if Odin failed, one absolutely could try it with Christ for once ... 1998 121 ref The baptism of Clovis I also highlights the sacred sacral role of the Germanic king. A Germanic king was not only a political ruler, but also held the highest religious office for his ... for the northern Germanic area ref He was seen as of Divnity divine descent, was the leader of the Cult ... to the sacral position of the Germanic king king in Germanic paganism The king is charged ... more details
Romano Germanic may refer to Romano Germanic culture of ancient Germanic peoples subject to the Roman Empire Romano Germanic law , a family of legal systems Romano Germanic Empire, more commonly called the Carolingian Empire Romano Germanic Museum , Cologne, Germany Romano German may mean Romano German emperor lang de R misch deutscher Kaiser , a term used by some historians for any emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romano German Pontifical , a rite of Roman Catholic monastic worship Romano German, Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky N.Y. Danilevsky s term for the opposite counterpart of Slavic culture in Europe disambig ... more details
Wiktionary Germanic Europe Germanic Europe may refer to Historically, The parts of Europe settled by Germanic peoples during the Migration period In a modern context, Germanic speaking Europe part of Europe speaking Germanic dialects The Germanic Europe cluster of continental Germanic speaking territories German and Dutch speaking Europe See also German speaking Europe Romano Germanic culture European ethnography Peoples of Europe Languages of Europe Latin Europe Slavic Europe Celtic nations Some medieval states Frankish Empire Kingdom of Germany Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation disambig ar fr Europe germanique ko nl Germaanse talen Taal en cultuurgebied in Europa no Germansk Europa ro Europa germanic ... more details
Germanic mysticism or Germanic occultism may refer to Ariosophy more generally, various schools of Esotericism in Germany and Austria Dubious date March 2010 various modern post 1945 systems of runic magic disambig ... more details
Historical culture of the Germanic peoples Migration period art Animal style Anglo Saxon culture Contemporary culture of Germanic languages Germanic Europe Dutch culture disambiguation English culture Flemish culture Frisian culture Culture of German speaking Europe Austrian culture Culture of Germany German culture Swiss culture Scandinavian culture Danish culture Icelandic culture Norwegian culture Swedish culture See also Germanic folklore disambiguation disambig ... more details
Triassic lithostratigraphy Europe The Germanic Trias Supergroup lang de Germanische Trias Supergruppe is a lithostratigraphy lithostratigraphic unit a sequence of rock strata in the subsurface of large parts of western and central Europe north of the Alps and the North Sea . Almost all of the Germanic Trias was deposited during the Triassic period geology period and consists of three clearly different units Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk and Keuper , that gave the period its name Triassic means threefold . In the past the names of these three units were also used as units in the geologic timescale , but in modern literature they only have a lithostratigraphic meaning. Origin The Germanic Trias formed in the large Germanic Basin , a basin geology basin that covered much of midwestern Europe including the south of the North Sea and Baltic Sea during the Triassic. The Muschelkalk has a predominantly marine ocean marine sedimentary facies facies whereas the Buntsandstein and Keuper are mostly continental . Stratigraphy In the central parts of the Germanic Basin, the Germanic Trias has an average thickness of 800 meters, but regional differences are considerable. In the north of Germany the thickness of the Buntsandstein alone can exceed 1400 meters. The Germanic Trias lies on top of the Permian Zechstein Group and below Lower Jurassic units, such as the Lias Group or Altena Group . The base is not defined in the same way everywhere. In northern Germany the base is formed by the Calv rde Beds , in the Spessart and Odenwald by the base of the Heigenbr cken Sandstone . Radiometric dating has shown the age of the Germanic Trias is not totally corresponding with the Triassic period. The base ... stratigraphic hiatus between the base of the Lias and top of the Germanic Trias. In German ... Dutch lithostratigraphy divides the Germanic Trias along other boundaries in a Lower Germanic Trias Group and an Upper Germanic Trias Group . The Dutch Keuper and Muschelkalk have the status ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 Refimprove date July 2009 This article is about the history of the discipline, for linguistic phenomena, see Germanic languages and the navigation template below. Germanic philology is the philology philological study of the Germanic languages particularly from a Comparative method comparative or historical perspective. The beginnings of research into the Germanic languages began in the 16th century, with the discovery of literary texts in the earlier phases of the languages. Early modern publications dealing with Old Norse culture appeared in the 16th century, e.g. Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus Olaus Magnus, 1555 and the first edition of the 13th century Gesta Danorum Saxo Grammaticus , in 1514. In 1603, Melchior Goldast made the first edition of Middle High German poetry, Tyrol and Winsbeck, including a Commentary philology commentary which focused on linguistic problems and set the tone for the approach to such works in the subsequent centuries. He later gave similar attention to the Old High German Benedictine Rule. In England, Cotton s studies of the manuscripts in his collection marks the beginnings of work on Old English language. The pace of publication increased during the 17th century with Latin translations of the Edda notably Peder Resen s Edda Islandorum of 1665 . Germanic philology together with history of linguistics linguistics as a whole emerged as a serious academic discipline in the early 19th century, pioneered particularly in Germany by such linguists as Jakob Grimm . Important 19th century scholars include Henry Sweet and Matthias Lexer . The structure of the modern university means that for the most part work on the field is focussed on medieval English studies, medieval German studies, etc. Only relatively few universities can afford to offer Comparative linguistics as a discrete field. See also The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics Germanic philology Germanic peoples Category Germanic studies ... more details
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