as tertiary storage instead. Computerdatastorage , often called storage or memory , refers to computer components and Datastorage device recording media that retain digital data computing data . Data ... DIRECT links point to this section by name. Off line storage is a computerdatastorage on a medium ... at which information can be read from or written to the storage. In computerdatastorage, throughput ... dmy dates date June 2011 DEFAULTSORT ComputerDataStorage Category Computerstorage Category Computer ... access memory SDRAM mounted in a personal computer . An example of primary storage. File Seagate Hard ... drawbacks. Therefore a computer system usually contains several kinds of storage, each with an individual purpose. A modern Computer digital computer represents data using the binary numeral system ... instruction computer science instruction s and data. Such computers are more versatile ... and off line storage is also guided by cost per bit. Hierarchy of storage File Computerstorage ... holds a Word computer architecture word of data often 32 or 64 bits . CPU instructions instruct ... on this data or with the help of it . Registers are the fastest of all forms of computerdata ... cleared at start up , a computer containing only such storage would not have a source to read ... storage containing a small startup program BIOS is used to Bootstrapping computing bootstrap the computer ... to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using Data buffer intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down it is non volatile .... Consequently, modern computer systems typically have two orders of magnitude more secondary storage than primary storage and data are kept for a longer time there. In modern computers, hard disk drive ... drive s or keys , floppy disk s, Magnetic tape datastorage magnetic tape , Punched tape paper tape ... storage media into a storage device according to the system s demands these data are often copied ... more details
wiktionary data wiktionary storageDatastorage can refer to Computerdatastorage memory, components, devices and media that retain digital data computing computerdata used for computing for some interval of time. Any datastorage device that records stores or retrieves reads information data from any medium, including the medium itself. See also Information processing Signal processing index card disambig ... more details
File Tarbell Cassette Interface Dec 1976.jpg thumb A 1976 advertisement for the Tarbell Cassette Interface. The Tarbell Cassette Interface was an expansion card for use with the Altair 8800 early personal computer, or other systems using the Altair s S 100 bus . It was designed by Don Tarbell and released in 1977. ref http www.retrotechnology.com herbs stuff d tarbell.html ref . It was fast, reliable and popular, and became a de facto early standard for cassette data storage . ref http www.pc history.org imsai.htm ref External links Manual http s100computers.com Hardware 20Manuals Tarbell Tarbell 20Cassette 20Interface 20Technical 20Manual.pdf Notes Reflist Category Computer storage devices Category Home computer peripherals ... more details
Infobox Company name Hitachi LG DataStorage logo type slogan foundation 2000 location city Tokyo, Japan br Seoul, South Korea key people In Cheol Choi , President & CEO br Shiwa Yoshihiro , President & CFO num employees revenue industry DataStorage products Optical disc drives homepage http hlds.co.kr e index.html www.hlds.co.kr intl Hitachi LG DataStorage abbreviated HL DS is a joint venture between Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi and LG Group LG . The company was established in November 2000, started operation in January 2001, and shipped its first product, the HL DT ST GCC 4120B combo drive , on June 2001. The company is an Original Equipment Manufacturer OEM manufacturer of optical datastorage devices such as CD drive CD and DVD drive s for desktop and notebook computers. It does not sell directly to consumers. In July 2006, the company started to develop Blu ray Disc drives. Operating systems recognize their drives as HL DT ST Hitachi LG DaTaSTorage , followed by the actual product model. See also Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology External links http www.hlds.co.jp Hitachi LG DataStorage Website Japanese http www.hlds.co.kr Hitachi LG DataStorage Website Korean http hlds.co.kr e index.html Hitachi LG DataStorage Website English Hitachi Category Hitachi Category Computerstorage companies Category Companies based in Tokyo Category Companies based in Seoul Category Companies established in 2000 Category Electronics companies of Japan Category LG Group zh ... more details
. Most electronically processed datastorage media including some forms of computerdatastorage are considered permanent non volatile storage, that is, the data will remain stored when power is removed ... . The magnetic tape is a datastorage medium. The recorder is datastorage equipment using a portable ... thumb Crafting tools such as paint brushes can be used as datastorage equipment. The paint and canvas can be used as datastorage media. Image RNA comparedto DNA thymineAndUracilCorrected.png thumb 200px RNA might be the oldest datastorage medium, ref cite journal title The RNA World journal Nature ... volume 319 doi 10.1038 319618a0 issue 6055 bibcode 1986Natur.319..618G ref . A datastorage device is a device ... medium communication medium . Devices that process information datastorage equipment may either ... information. Electronic datastorage is storage which requires electrical power to store and retrieve that data. Most storage devices that do not require Visual perception vision and a brain to read ... encoded data, whether or not it is electronically stored in a semiconductor computerdata ... of barcode s and optical character recognition OCR data, electronic datastorage is easier ... of methods such as printed data is still superior to that of most electronic storage media. The durability ... is data . However, not all data is information . Many datastorage devices are also media players ... capacity by 2007. Datastorage equipment Any input output equipment may be considered datastorage equipment if it writes to and reads from a datastorage medium. Datastorage equipment uses either portable ... datastorage media, often without permission. Image undeveloped film.png thumb 300px right Photographic film is a photochemical datastorage medium Image Flippy floppy.jpg thumb 250px right A floppy disk is a magnetic datastorage medium Image Hitachinotebookhd.jpg thumb right 250px Hitachi 2.5 ... Photochemical Photographic film Classical mechanics Mechanical Pins and holes Paper datastorage Paper ... more details
About the Ampex product the general topic Datastorage disambiguation DataStorage Technology DST is a 19 mm 3 4 wide magnetic tape datastorage format created by Ampex in 1992. The DST format was also made by Ampex as a digital videotape format, DCT videocassette format DCT , using the same design of cassette. DST is relatively high capacity and high speed, especially compared to other tape technologies available in the 1990s. There are 3 standard tape cartridge sizes compatible with each generation, Small , Medium , and Large . Generations class wikitable style margin left 1em Generation Original Double Density Quad Density Release Date 1992 1996 2000 Small Capacity GB 25 50 100 Medium Capacity GB 75 150 300 Large Capacity GB 115 330 660 Max Speed MB s 15 20 External links Entry in Computer Desktop Encyclopedia http www.computerlanguage.com webexamples.htm Search for DST Ampex s History http www.ampex.com news history.html Search for DST Magnetic tape data formats Compu hardware stub Category Computerstorage tape media ... more details
In computing specifically data transmission and computerstoragedatastorage , a block is a sequence of byte s or bit s, having a nominal length a block size . Data thus structured are said to be blocked . The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking . Blocking is used to facilitate the handling of the data stream by the computer program receiving the data. Blocked data is normally read a whole block at a time. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9 track magnetic tape , to rotating media such as floppy disk s, hard disk s, optical disc s and to NAND flash memory . Most file system s are based on a block device , which is a level of abstraction computer science abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. In classical file systems, a single block might contain only a part of a single computer file file . This leads to space inefficiency due to internal fragmentation , since file lengths are often not multiples of block size, and thus the last block of files will remain partially empty. This will create slack space , which averages half a block per file. Some newer file systems attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging . Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via block I O may be devices internal to a server, direct attached via SCSI or Fibre Channel , or distant devices accessed via a Storage area network storage area network SAN using a protocol such as iSCSI , or ATA over Ethernet AoE . Database management systems often use their own block I O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the Database management ... vs. sectors explained Category Computer file systems de Datenblock es Bloque inform tica ko kk ... more details
Paper datastorage refers to the use of paper as a datastorage device . This includes writing , illustrating , and the use of data that can be interpreted by a machine or is the result of the functioning of a machine. A defining feature of paper datastorage is the ability of humans to produce it with only simple tools and interpret it visually. Though this is now mostly obsolete, paper was once also an important form of computerdatastorage . History Before paper was used for storing data, it had been used in several applications for storing instructions to specify a machines operation. The earliest use of paper to store instructions for a machine was the work of Basile Bouchon who, in 1725, used punched paper rolls to control textile looms. This technology was later developed into the wildly ... Perforation Punched tape Spindle stationery Stenotype Ticker tape References references Paper datastorage media tech stub Category Data management Category Storage media ... of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine. Prior uses of machine readable media, above, had been for control Automaton s, Piano roll s, Jacquard loom looms , ... , not data. After ... that was to be sold or transported to have some computer readable information securely attached to it. Banks ..., the Atanasoff Berry Computer , electric sparks were used to singe small holes in paper cards to represent binary data. The altered dielectric constant of the paper at the location of the holes could then be used to read the binary data back into the machine by means of electric sparks of lower voltage than the sparks used to create the holes. This form of paper datastorage was never made reliable and was not used in any subsequent machine. Limits The limits of datastorage depend on the technology to write and read such data. For example, an 8 x10 300dpi 8 bit greyscale image map contains 7.2 megabytes of data assuming a scanner can accurately reproduce the printed image to that resolution ... more details
A datastorage tag DST , also sometimes known as an archival tag , is a data logger that uses sensors to record data at predetermined intervals. Datastorage tags usually have a large memory size and a long lifetime. Most archival tags are supported by batteries that allow the tag to record positions for several years. Alternatively some tags are solar powered and allow the scientist to set their own interval this then allows data to be recorded for significantly longer than battery only powered tags. Operation Datastorage tags can have a variety of sensors temperature, depth, light, salinity , pressure, pitch and roll, GPS, magnetic and compass. ref http www.fishbio.com environmental consulting and environmental research resources fisheries biology fish marking electronic marking datastorage tag.html ref They can be used internally or externally in fish , marine animals ref http www.star oddi.com resources Files pdf 113 Tagging the starfish.pdf ref or research animals . They are also used in other industries such as the food and beverage industry. ref http www.star oddi.com Home Aquatic Fisheries Research Aquatic Fisheries Research ref At the end of the monitoring period, the loggers can be connected to a computer and the data uploaded for analysis. Deployment Archival tags archive data to internal memory. Once they are recovered the data is then extracted by the researcher. The tag is generally mounted to the animal either by cutting a slit into the animal, inserting the tag, and sewing the opening closed. Alternatively researchers externally attach tags to animals by running anchor lines through the tag and into the dorsal fin for most fish species. For turtles the tag is epoxied to the shell of the turtle. ref http www.desertstar.com news release.aspx?id 8 ref File ... fish stub fishery science topics expanded science DEFAULTSORT Datastorage tag Category Digital electronics Category Research methods Category Data recovery Category Fisheries science ... more details
than disk or other datastorage options. Tape storage has always been used with large computer systems ... StorageTek T10000 2007 IBM 3592 2008 IBM 3592 IBM TS1130 See also Computerdatastorage Magnetic storage Tape drive Information repository Data proliferation Tape mark Magnetic tape data formats References ...Refimprove date August 2009 Magnetic tape datastorage uses digital recording on to magnetic tape to store ... datastorage device Autoloaders and tape library tape libraries are frequently used to automate ... tape for datastorage was wound on large 10.5 in 26.67 cm reel s. This defacto standard ... tapes and towards cartridges. UNIVAC Magnetic tape was first used to record computerdata in 1951 ... Compact Cassette s were frequently used as an inexpensive datastorage system for home computers . Compact ... Digital DataStorage DDS DAT , Digital Linear Tape DLT and Linear Tape Open LTO with capacities ... for high capacity datastorage. Many other sizes exist and most were developed to either have smaller ... tape length and the same number of heads, the datastorage capacity is substantially higher ... storage medium. Storing metadata in one place and data in another requires lots of slow repositioning ... the host computer s processor, and can slow the backup if it is unable to compress as fast as the data ... technologies, such as disk storage. And for decades medium sized and large sized data centers have ... and archival datastorage. Storage technologies continue to advance both functionally and economically ... long term archival storage requirements for reliable retrieval decades into the future , and the data ... data center and its datastorage requirements. What has tended to happen in recent years is that the amount ... on disk s previous near monopoly in random access non volatile datastorage, while disk pushed ... a relatively small part of a particular data center s storage requirements. Chronological list ... Data8 1989 Digital DataStorage DDS on Digital Audio Tape DAT 1992 DataStorage Technology Ampex ... more details
Website http www.dsi.a star.edu.sg The DataStorage Institute DSI is a national research and development organisation located in Singapore , where Datastorage device datastorage technologies are being studied. The institute s core competencies are in network storage, non volatile memory and high ... to the success story of the Singapore datastorage industry. ref http www.pmo.gov.sg News Speeches ... star.edu.sg rd achievements awards pages staff achievements.aspx DataStorage Institute Bot generated ... high density magnetic datastorage ref name awards 2005 Tan Kah Kee Young Inventors Commendation Award ... for High Density DataStorage ref http www.ece.nus.edu.sg showcase StudAchiev achievements aca YIA ... Height Slider for Terabyte Capacity DataStorage ref name awards DSI s Scientific Advisory Board DSI ... Official A Star website References reflist Category Computerstorage Other languages ... in 1999 by The Information Storage Industry Center, University of California , San Diego , DSI was ranked among the top five storage research and development centers worldwide. ref http www.dsi.a star.edu.sg ... Data Systems Hitachi Data Systems Corporation , USA Garth Gibson Prof Garth A. Gibson Professor, Carnegie ... more details
About a particular datastorage media the general meaning datastorage device File DDS logo.png right Digital DataStorage DDS is a format for storing computerdata on a Digital Audio Tape DAT . DDS uses tape with a width of 3.8mm, with the exception of the latest formats, DAT 160 and DAT 320, which are 8mm wide. Initially, the tape was 60 meters 197 feet or 90 meters 295 ft. long, although advancements in materials technology have allowed the length to be increased significantly in successive versions. A DDS tape drive uses helical scan ning for recording, the same process used by a video cassette recorder VCR . If errors are present, the write heads rewrite the data. Tape drives should be cleaned regularly to be kept in good working order. Backward compatibility between newer drives and older tapes is not assured for examples, see HP s http h20000.www2.hp.com bizsupport TechSupport Document.jsp?objectID lpg50457&locale en US&taskId 101&prodSeriesId 81997&prodTypeId 12169 DDS Media Compatibility Matrix . Notice in HP s article that newer tape standards do not simply consist of longer tapes with DDS2, for example, the track was narrower than with DDS1. The DDS format competes mainly ... standalonedatatapeduplicationdevices.aspx Storage Heaven TapeMaster DDS 4MM Tape Copiers Magnetic tape data formats Ecma International Standards Category Computerstorage tape media de Digital DataStorage lt DDS nl Digital DataStorage ja pt DDS ... 4 vertical bars separated from DDS by the words e Digital DataStorage .. DDS 2 Stores up to 4 GB uncompressed ... electronic noise for a cleaner data recording. DDS 4 DDS 4 stores up to 20 GB uncompressed 40 GB compressed ... of DATA DAT . http www.ecma international.org publications files ecma st ECMA 146.pdf http ... 171.htm ECMA 171 ISO IEC 12448 1993 , Specification of DATA DAT DC for 60m and 90m tapes . http www.ecma ... files ecma st ECMA 288.pdf See also Digital Audio Tape Digital Audio Tape DAT Magnetic storage ... more details
More footnotes date July 2010 Optical disc authoring 3D optical datastorage is the term given to any form of optical datastorage device datastorage in which information can be recorded and or read with Three ... resolution afforded, for example, by CD . ref Three Dimensional Optical DataStorage Using ... of the desired point. No commercial product based on 3D optical datastorage has yet arrived on the mass ... become available soon . Overview Current optical datastorage device datastorage media, such as the CD ... to increase storage capacity, it is possible for discs to hold two or even more of these data layers ... the technology to approximately 10 layers. Three dimensional space 3D optical datastorage methods ... data reading and writing methods, in particular nonlinear optics . 3D optical datastorage is related to and competes with holographic datastorage . Traditional examples of holographic storage do not address ... section through a 3D optical storage disc yellow along a data track orange marks . Four data layers .... As an example, a prototypical 3D optical datastorage system may use a disk that looks much like a transparent ... their use in datastorage. ref DOI 10.1021 ja01591a075 ref In the 1970s, Valeri Barachevskii demonstrated ... showed that this could lead to three dimensional datastorage. ref Science 1989, 245, 843 ref ... decades many academic and commercial groups Who date March 2009 have worked on 3D optical datastorage ... written dataData recording in a 3D optical storage medium requires that a change take place in the medium ... types of holographic datastorage , and may use 2 photon processes to form the holograms. Data ... for 3D optical datastorage have been suggested in several form factors Disc . A disc media offers ... in principle this could be achieved with 3D optical datastorage. Media manufacturing The simplest ... ref Drive design A drive designed to read and write to 3D optical datastorage media may have a lot ... , and immersion lenses. Optical system . In many examples of 3D optical datastorage systems, several ... more details
optical disc authoring Holographic datastorage is a potential technology in the area of high capacity datastorage currently dominated by magnetic and conventional optical datastorage. Magnetic and optical datastorage devices rely on individual bits being stored as distinct magnetic or optical changes on the surface of the recording medium. Holographic datastorage overcomes this limitation by recording ... in the same area utilizing light at different angles. Additionally, whereas magnetic and optical datastorage records information a bit at a time in a linear fashion, holographic storage is capable of recording and reading millions of bits in parallel, enabling data transfer rates greater than those attained by traditional optical storage. ref cite journal url http www.research.ibm.com journal rd 443 ashley.html title Holographic datastorage. journal IBM journal of research and development accessdate 2008 04 28 ref Recording data Holographic datastorage captures information using an optical ... Holographic datastorage can provide companies a method to preserve and archive information. The write once, read many Write Once Read Many WORM approach to datastorage would ensure content security ... 50 years, far exceeding current datastorage options Dubious reason CDROMs are claimed to last about ... techniques ref N. C. P gard and J. W. Fleischer, Optimizing holographic datastorage using ...?URI ol 36 13 2551 ref Unlike current storage technologies that record and read one data bit at a time ... that Nintendo will be the first video game console maker to implement holographic datastorage due ... Holographic Versatile Disc Holographic associative memory 3D optical datastorage List of emerging ... with old storage media http www.rsc.org Publishing ChemTech Volume 2009 09 holographic data storage.asp ... can be stored on a single volume. Reading data The stored data is read through the reproduction of the same ... the data in parallel, over one million bits at once, resulting in the fast data transfer rate. Files ... more details
missing on the Computerdatastorage backup media , since the backup operation had already ... Persistence Category Computerstorage Category Computer backup Category Fault tolerant computer systems ...lead too short date March 2011 In Computercomputer systems , a snapshot is the State computer science ... or to a capability provided by certain systems. Rationale A full backup of a large data set may take a long time to complete. On Computer multitasking multi tasking or multi user systems , there may be writes to that data while it is being backed up. This prevents the backup from being atomicity database systems atomic and introduces a version skew that may result in data corruption . For example ... data approach to safely backing up live data is to temporarily disable write access to data during the backup, either by stopping the accessing applications or by using the lock computer science locking ... a read only copy of the data set frozen at a point in time and allow applications to continue writing to their data. Most snapshot implementations are efficient and can create snapshots in Big ... with the size of the data set, whereas the same for a direct backup is proportional to the size of the data set. In some systems once the initial snapshot is taken of a data set, subsequent snapshots copy the changed data only, and use a system of pointers to reference the initial snapshot. This method of pointer based snapshots consumes less disk capacity than if the data set was repeatedly cloned ... versions of their data. Aside from backups and data recovery, read write snapshots are frequently ... changed blocks just before they are to be overwritten to other storage, thus preserving a self ... snapshots available through a special Namespace computer science namespace . Others, like UFS2 , provide ... Vista . Snapshots have also been available in the NSS Novell Storage Services file system on NetWare ... self consistent dumps of table data. In virtualization System emulators host a guest operating system ... more details
Cite check date November 2009 Self published date November 2009 The Central Air DataComputer is the integrated flight control system used in the early versions of the US Navy s F 14 Tomcat fighter. It is notable for its early use of a custom designed Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOS based Large Scale Integration LSI LSI chipset, the MP944. ref http www.microcomputerhistory.com Ray Holt s page on the CADC and the F 14 ref The CADC was designed and built at Garrett AiResearch by a team led by Steve Geller and Ray Holt , and supported by the startup American Microsystems . Design work started in 1968 and was completed in June 1970, beating out a number of electromechanical systems that had also been designed for the F 14. The CADC consisted of an Analog to digital converter A to D converter , several quartz pressure sensors, and the MOS based Central processing unit CPU . Inputs to the system included the primary flight controls, a number of switches, static and dynamic air pressure for calculating stall points and aircraft speed and a temperature gauge. The outputs controlled the primary flight controls, wing sweep, the F 14 s leading edge glove , and the flaps. The MP944 contained six chips used to build the CADC s CPU, all based on a 20 bit fixed point fraction two s complement number system. They were the Parallel Multiplier Unit PMU , the Parallel Divider Unit PDU , the Random Access Storage RAS , the Read only memory Read Only Memory ROM , the Special Logic Function SLF , and the Steering Logic Unit SLU . The complete microprocessor system used one PMU, one PDU, one SLF, 3 RASs, 3 SLUs, and 19 ROMs. Holt wrote an article for Computer Design magazine ref http firstmicroprocessor.com documents ap1 26 97.pdf 1971 paper on the CADC which was classified and never published ref about the system in 1971, but the Navy Classified information in the United States classified it, only ... it Central Air DataComputer pl F14 CADC ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 An air datacomputer ADC is an essential avionics component found in modern glass cockpit s. This computer, rather than individual flight instruments instruments , can determine the calibrated airspeed , Mach number , altitude , and vertical speed indicator altitude trend from input data from sensors such as an aircraft s pitot static system , gyroscope s, GPS and accelerometer s. In some very high speed aircraft such as the Space Shuttle , equivalent airspeed is calculated instead of calibrated airspeed. Air data computers usually also have an input of total air temperature . This enables computation of static air temperature and true airspeed . In Airbus aircraft the air datacomputer is combined with attitude, heading and navigation sources in a single unit known as the Air Data Inertial Reference Unit ADIRU . This has now been replaced by Global Navigation Air Data Inertial Reference System GNADIRS . See also Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics Aircraft components Aviation lists DEFAULTSORT Air DataComputer Category Avionics Category Aircraft instruments Category Glass cockpit Image ADC 301 from Air Data Inc..jpg thumb Air DataComputer Component aircraft stub ko pl Centrala aerometryczna ru ... more details
No footnotes date March 2010 The gun datacomputer is a series of artillery computers used by the U.S. ... computer.jpg thumb right 200px title M3 and M4 gun datacomputer 1944 Variations M1 Gun DataComputer is used by seacoast artillery for major caliber seacoast guns, it computes continuous firing data .... the computer is mounted in the M13, or M14 Director trailer. M4 The M3 and M4 are Identical except for those mechanisms and parts which vary with the ammunition used. M8 Gun DataComputer built by Bell ... computer for M60A1 tank M18 FADAC Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer FADAC was first fielded in 1960, it was the first Solid state electronics Digital electronics field artillery computer. M19 Ballistics computer for M60A2 tank M21 Ballistics computer for M60A3 tank M1 Ballistics computer for M1 Abrams M23 mortar Ballistics computer M26 fire control computer for AH 1 Cobra , AH 1F M31 Mortar ballistics computer M32 Mortar ballistics computer, handheld Systems The Battery Computer System BCS AN GYK 29 is a computer used by the United States Army for computing artillery fire mission data. It replaced the Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer. FADAC . It is small enough to fit ... Field Artillery Tactical Data System AFATDS . The AFATDS is the Fires XXI computer system for both ... of input data furnished a range section with the present 1940 type of position finding and fire control. M3 gun datacomputer is used in conjunction with the M9, and M10 Directors, to compute all the firing data of azimuth , elevation , and fuze time. The computations are made continuously, so that the gun ... methods for computing firing data. it will make the following corrections, wind, drift, earth ... Ballistics computer, part of the M38 fire control system, for the Skysweeper M13 Ballistics computer, for M48 tank M14 Ballistics computer, for M103 heavy tank M15 part of the M35 field artillery ... equipment. Later in its service life, it also linked with the Battery Computer System BCS which ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 Computerdata logging is the process of recording events, with an automated computer program, in a certain scope in order to provide an audit trail that can be used to understand the activity of the system and to diagnose problems. Logs are essential to understanding the activities of complex systems particularly in the case of applications with little user interaction such as Server computing server applications . It can also be useful to combine log file entries from multiple sources. This approach, in combination with statistical analysis, may yield correlations between seemingly unrelated events on different servers. Other solutions employ network wide querying and reporting. Examples Examples of physical systems which have logging subsystems include process control systems, and flight data recorder black box recorder s installed in aircraft. Many operating systems and multitudinous computer programs include some form of logging subsystem. In the simplest case, log messages are written to a log file. Most operating systems and software framework s also provide more sophisticated services for logging. One example is the syslog service described in RFC 3164 , which allows the filtering and recording of log messages to be performed by a separate dedicated subsystem, rather than placing the onus on each application to provide its own ad hoc logging system. Interpreting In many cases, logs are esoteric or too verbose and therefore hard to understand they need to be subjected to log analysis in order to make sense of them. This is often done using special log analysis software. Transaction log Main Transaction log Most Database s maintain some kind of transaction log . Unlike the logs described above, these logs are not mainly intended as an audit ..., and a transaction log. See also Event Viewer data logger Category Computer errors Data logging ... data to allow the database to recover from crashes or other errors and maintain the stored data ... more details
Image TDCfullview.jpg thumb right Figure 1 US Navy Mk III Torpedo DataComputer, the standard US Navy torpedo fire control computer during World War II. Later in World War II 1943 , the TDC Mk III was replaced by the TDC Mk IV, which was an improved and larger version of the Mk III. The Torpedo DataComputer TDC was an early electromechanical analog computer used for torpedo fire control system fire ... control party was aided by various slide rule s ref name fleetsub cite web title Torpedo DataComputer ... assessment. In 1943, the Torpedo DataComputer Mark IV was developed to support the Mark 18 torpedo ... in the angle solver can be found in the Torpedo DataComputer manual. ref name tdcv3 cite book ... solver the equations implemented in the angle solver can found in the Torpedo DataComputer manual ... on the Pampanito s TDC. http www.usscod.org tdc.html Torpedo DataComputer Mk IV http web.mit.edu ... doc tdc index.htm Original Manual for the Torpedo DataComputer Mark 3 , Historic naval ships association ... computers Category Analog computers Category Electro mechanical computers ru Torpedo DataComputer ... . The TDC was the first analog computer to miniaturize the capability enough for deployment on a submarine ... ship s running on the surface surface warships used a different computer for their torpedo launches ..., dials and switches for data input and display. ref http www.fleetsubmarine.com tdc.html ref To generate ... information obtained using data from the submarine s periscope , Target Bearing Transmitter , ref ... chalcraft sm attack.html Britain ref and the United States each developed analog computer s to automate ... to this equation using data updates from the submarine s navigation sensors and the TDC s target ... Part 4 Chapter 1 ref To generate target position data versus time, the TDC needed to solve the equations ... torpedo firing angles, the TDC actually consisted of two types of analog computers Angle solver This computer ... torpedo tubes. Position keeper This computer generates a continuously updated estimate of the target ... more details
Comparison Of Popular Optical DataStorage Systems Category Optical computerstorage ...Orphan date February 2009 This article provides a Comparison of popular optical datastorage systems. As of 2007 these are Compact Disc CD DVD three variants DVD R and DVD R , both rather similar, and DVD RAM and their successors formerly engaged in a format war REVISION NEEDED. Blu ray has unofficially become the winner Blu ray Disc Official optical disk successor http www.redding.com news 2008 feb ... main History of optical storage media Although research into optical datastorage has been ongoing for many decades, the first popular system was CD ROM, introduced in 1982, adapted to datastorage the CD ... mass market optical storage medium with CD R and CD RW in 1988. Compact Disc is still the de facto standard for audio recordings, although its place for other multimedia recordings and optical datastorage ... recorded movies, and popular storage of data beyond the capacity of CD. With the development of high definition television , and the popularization of broadband and digital storage of movies, a further ... out for datastorage and more general use, and have as yet made little impact on the global market for datastorage. The result of this format war is not yet determined. Technology comparisons Speed Optical .... Data Capacity Filing systems Copy protection systems Optical technology used Other information DVD , DVD and DVD RAM Optical storage devices excluded from article The following are examples of optical storage media excluded from this article Holographic datastorage either still in development, or available ... datastorage in the computing world. Optical jukebox hold massive amounts of data on multiple discs allowing scalability into the petabyte range. See also Optical storage Holographic datastorage ... press 2008 02 pr1903.htm Overview Nomenclature In optical storage, three types of storage are usually ... Density Optical and the like commercial archiving storage rather than mass market . Thus the article ... more details
Computer Assisted Aided Qualitative Data AnalysiS CAQDAS is the use of computer software to aid qualitative research such as Transcription genetics transcription analysis, coding and text interpretation, recursive abstraction, content analysis , discourse analysis , Grounded theory grounded theory methodology , etc. Definition CAQDAS is used in psychology , marketing research , ethnography , and other social sciences . The CAQDAS Networking project ref cite web title CAQDAS url http www.surrey.ac.uk sociology research researchcentres caqdas accessdate 28 November 2011 ref lists the following tools. A CAQDAS program should have Content searching tools Coding tools Linking tools Mapping or networking tools Query tools Writing and annotation tools Free open source software for CAQDAS Coding Analysis Toolkit CAT RQDA Compendium software Compendium Transana GPL licence Supported through license purchase http www.pressure.to qda Weft QDA Proprietary software for CAQDAS A.nnotate Aquad Atlas.ti HyperRESEARCH MAXQDA NVivo XSight Qiqqa Web Based CAQDAS software Dedoose Coding Analysis Toolkit CAT http knowdoo.net knowdoo Knowledge organization tool based on Wordpress, can also be used for QDA ref http knowdoo.net about mark tags Description of the QDA feature of knowdoo ref Pros and cons Such software offers an efficient means through which to manage and organize data while supporting rigorous data analysis. ref cite journal last Banner first DJ coauthors Albarrran, JW title Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software a review. journal Canadian journal of cardiovascular nursing ... from manual and clerical tasks, saving precious time, managing huge amounts of qualitative data ... methods reification of data, increased pressure on researchers to focus on volume and breadth rather than on depth and meaning, time and energy spent learning to use computer packages, increased commercialism ... coauthors Johnson, P title The pros and cons of data analysis software for qualitative research. journal ... more details
The IEEE Reynold B. Johnson DataStorage Device Technology Award was a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Technical field awards Technical Field Award of the IEEE that was established by the IEEE Board of Directors in 2004 and was discontinued in 2011. The award was presented annually from 2006 2010 for outstanding contributions to the advancement of information storage , with an emphasis on technical contributions in computerdatastorage device technology. The award was named to honor Reynold B. Johnson . The award was presented to three co recipients in 2006, and to individuals from 2007 2010. Recipients of this award received a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium. Recipients 2006 Eliyahou Harari 2006 Sanjay Mehrotra 2006 Jack Yuan 2007 Mason L. Williams 2008 Stanley H. Charap 2009 Kinam Kim 2010 David B. Bogy External links http www.ieee.org about awards tfas datastorage.html IEEE Reynold B. Johnson DataStorage Device Technology Award page at IEEE http www.ieee.org documents datastorage rl.pdf List of recipients of the IEEE Reynold B. Johnson DataStorage Device Technology Award Category Science and engineering awards Category Discontinued IEEE level awards Reynold B. Johnson DataStorage Device Technology Award Award stub ... more details
Cleanup date October 2010 Data General Corp. v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. was a 1971 case in which ... licenses. Facts In 1970 Data General Corporation released the Nova 1200, a minicomputer twice as fast as previous models. Upon purchaser s request, Data General Corporation would include with the computer ... items without the written permission of Data General Corp. Digital Computer Controls then used ... identical in design ref name 1975case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. , 375 A.2d 105 Del. Ch. 1975 . ref to the Nova 1200. Decision Data General Corporation requested a preliminary injunction barring Digital Computer Controls from selling the D 116 based primarily on a claim of trade secret misappropriation. ref name 1971case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer .... ref name 1972case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. 297 A.2d 437 Del. Supr ... Computer Controls, Inc. Category Trade secrets Category Intellectual property law Category Data General ... does not necessarily compromise their secrecy. Data General Corporation distributed design documentation with its Data General Nova Nova 1200 minicomputer, notifying owners of the confidentiality ... a shrinkwrap license . After acquiring drawings with a Nova 1200 purchase, Digital Computer Controls designed its own nearly identical minicomputer. Digital Computer Controls maintained that its use of the documentation was proper because Data General Corporation inadequately maintained the secrecy of the design drawings by distributing them to many customers. The court found that Data General Corporation had sufficiently protected the secrecy of the drawings and that Digital Computer Controls ... agreement of confidentiality with their purchase. In March 1971, the president of Digital Computer Controls purchased a secondhand Nova 1200 from a third party. Before receiving the computer, Digital Computer Controls requested the accompanying design documentation from the seller and subsequently photocopied ... more details
The California Comprehensive ComputerData Access and Fraud Act is in 502 of the California Penal Code . According to the State Administrative Manual of California, the purposes is as follows blockquote The Comprehensive ComputerData Access and Fraud Act Penal Code Section 502 affords protection to individuals, businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference, damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computerdata and computer systems. It allows for civil action against any person convicted of violating the criminal provisions for compensatory damages. ref name cagov1 blockquote Notable cases People v. Hawkins 2002 ref name justiacom ref name peter toren2003 Hawkins had source code from his previous employer on his home machine. ref name justiacom Facebook v. ConnectU , LLC, 2007 ref name baercrosseycom ConnectU gathered Facebook data using bots ref name ericgoldmanorg Facebook, Inc. v. Power Ventures, Inc. Power Ventures scraped data from Facebook ref name baercrosseycom Facebook, Inc. v. John Does 1 10 2007 ref name arstechnicacom1 ref name justiacom1 Various people, including some associated with Istra Holdings, scraped Facebook for data. ref name arstechnicacom1 Sony Computer Entertainment America v. George Hotz SCEA v. George Hotz et al 2011 Jailbreaking of the Playstation 3 by George Hotz & associates of fail0verflow See also Terms of Use Illegal ... on 2011 03 06 ref references DEFAULTSORT California Comprehensive ComputerData Access ... and computer crimes Peter Toren, Law Journal Press, 2003, page 9 20, via books.google.com on 2011 ... 2007 12 porn spammers lust for facebook data lands them in court.ars Porn spammers lust for Facebook data lands them in court By Jacqui Cheng , Ars Technica, December 17, 2007 , retrieved from arstechnica.com on 2011 03 06 ref ref name baercrosseycom http www.baercrossey.com 101 when is data scraping breaking and entering When Is Data Scraping Breaking and Entering? , Baer Crossey, baercrossey.com ... more details
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