Sociology Computerassistedpersonalinterviewing CAPI is an interviewing technique similar to computerassisted telephone interviewing , except that the interview takes place in person instead of over the telephone. Either the respondent or the interviewer sits at a computer terminal and enters the answers. If no interviewer is present, the term Computerassisted self interviewing CASI may be used. Either the respondent or an interviewer sits at a computer terminal and answers a questionnaire using the keyboard or mouse. Help screens and courteous error messages are provided. Colorful screens and on and off screen stimuli can add to the respondent s interest and involvement in the task. This method has been classified as a personal interview technique since an interviewer is usually present to serve as a host and to guide the respondent. This approach is used in shopping malls, preceded by the intercept and screening process. It is also used to conduct business to business research at trade ... control that a personal interviewer could provide ex. lots of respondents think the question asks one thing, when it actually asks another Computerassisted self interviewing The big difference between a computerassisted self interview CASI and a computerassistedpersonal interview is whether or not an interviewer is present. There are two kinds of computerassisted self interviewing, namely a video ... over computer assissted personalinterviewing, because subjects are more inclined to answer sensitive questions. The reason for this is that they feel that a CASI is more privative. See Also Computerassisted web interviewing Category Statistical survey software Category Data collection Category Market research CAPI de ComputerAssistedPersonal Interview ... the results into a computer form. The computer program can be constructed so as to place .... Disadvantages The survey is likely to attract only respondents who are computer savvy , thus ... more details
Sociology Computerassisted telephone interviewing CATI is a telephone Statistical survey surveying technique in which the interviewer follows a script provided by a software application. It is a structured system of microdata collection by telephone that speeds up the collection and editing of microdata and also permits the interviewer to educate the respondents on the importance of timely and accurate data. ref name uslabor cite web url http www.bls.gov bls glossary.htm title BLS Information date February 28, 2008 work Glossary publisher U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Division of Information Services accessdate 2009 05 05 ref The software is able to customize the flow of the questionnaire based on the answers provided, as well as information already known about the participant. it is a very important software and plays a vital role in B2B services. CATI may function in the following manner A computerized questionnaire is administered to respondents over the telephone. The interviewer sits in front of a computer screen Upon command, the computer dials the telephone number to be called. When contact is made, the interviewer reads the questions posed on the computer screen and records the respondent s answers directly into the computer. Interim and update reports can be compiled instantaneously, as the data are being collected. CATI software has built in logic, which also enhances data accuracy. The program will personalize questions and control for logically incorrect answers, such as percentage answers that do not add up to 100 percent. The software has built in branching logic, which will skip questions that are not applicable or will probe for more detail when warranted. See also Computerassisted web interviewingComputerassistedpersonalinterviewing Automated computer telephone interviewing Official statistics Bureau of Labor Statistics References Reflist refbegin ... terms de ComputerAssisted Telephone Interview fr CATI it CATI pl CATI pt CATI ... more details
before building the final one. See also wikiversity Computerassisted telephone interviewingComputerassistedpersonalinterviewing Automated computer telephone interviewing Official statistics ...Sociology Computerassisted web interviewing CAWI is a Internet surveying technique in which the interviewer follows a script provided in a website. The questionnaires are made in a program for creating web interviews. The program allows for the questionnaire to contain pictures, audio and video clips, links to different web pages, etc. The website is able to customize the flow of the questionnaire based on the answers provided, as well as information already known about the participant. It s considered to be a cheaper way of surveying since you don t need to use people to hold surveys unlike Computerassisted telephone interviewing. With the increasing use of the Internet, online questionnaires have become a popular way of collecting information. The design of an online questionnaire often has an effect on the quality of data gathered. There are many factors in designing an online questionnaire guidelines, available question formats, administration, quality and ethic issues should be reviewed. Online questionnaires should be seen as a sub set of a wider range of online research methods . Using online questionnaires There are several reasons why someone would utilize online questionnaires as their preferred testing method. A few of the advantages and disadvantages of this method have ... L., O Reilly, James M., ComputerAssisted Questionnaire Information Collection. John Wiley & Sons ... Online Questionnaires Category Types of polling Category Research methods fr ComputerAssisted Web Interviewing it Software per sondaggi online he pl CAWI ... Human Computer Interaction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002 ref ref Reips, U. D. 2000 . The Web Experiment ... in web based surveys, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 6, 3. http jcmc.indiana.edu vol6 ... more details
Automated Computer Telephone Interviewing ACTI is a telephone surveying technique by which a computer with speaker independent voice recognition capabilities asks respondents a series of questions, recognizes then stores the answers, and is able to follow scripted logic and branch intelligently according to the flow of the questionnaire based on the answers provided, as well as information known about the participant. See also Computerassisted telephone interviewing telecomm term stub Category Market research ACTI Category Speaker recognition Category Data collection ... more details
components dealing with personal computers Personalcomputer hardware pp move indef Infobox title Personalcomputer image File Computer aj aj ashton 01.svg 250px caption An illustration of a modern personal desktop computer A personalcomputer PC is any general purpose computer whose size, capabilities ... playback, Personalcomputer game games , and myriad personal productivity and special purpose software ... to a local area network LAN , either by a cable or a wireless connection. A personalcomputer may be a desktop ... dominated much of the personalcomputer market, first with MS DOS and then with the Wintel platform ... is not a personalcomputer in the sense that we currently understand. accessdate 2010 10 14 ref ... personalcomputer was the Commodore PET introduced in January 1977. It was soon followed by the Apple ... 64 , totaled 17 million units sold, making it the best selling single personalcomputer model of all ... 5150 as of 1981 Eventually, due to the influence of the IBM PC on the personalcomputer market , personal ... feature of personal computers used at home. In 1982 The Computer was named Time Person of the Year ... personalcomputer shipments were 350.9 million units in 2010, ref name cp2011 09 12 http www.gmanews.tv ... only displays and only floppy disks for storage. By 1982, Michael Dell observed that a personalcomputer ... 0313338639 page 102 ref The total value of personalcomputer purchases in the US in 1983 was about ... end personalcomputer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used ... location New York isbn 0442276796 ref Desktop computer Main Desktop computer Image Desktop personal ... 1962 when Spacewar was released. Today PersonalComputer Gaming or PC gaming is a very popular pastime ... computer A laptop computer or simply laptop , also called a notebook computer, is a small personalcomputer ... An Acer 18 4 inch screen Desktop Replacement Laptop A desktop replacement computer DTR is a personal ... 2 sub pocket PC A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld sized computerpersonal digital ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Computerassisted gaming CAG and computer asssited wargaming CAWG refer to games which are at least partially computerized, but where on important part of the action is not virtual but performed in real life or on a miniature terrain. Regulation of the game can be done completely by a computer or partly deferred to a human referee. Computerassisted gaming attempts to combine the advantages of Personalcomputer games PC games with those of face to face games. In computerassisted gaming, computers are used for recordkeeping and sometimes for the resolution of combat, but a Human referee makes any decisions requiring judgement. Variations A computerassisted game can be little more than a collection of rules and notes on computer, or as complete as a computer game, with a human referee needed only to make the non random decisions. It can be played remotely or with everyone in the same room looking at one or more computer monitors. The referee must have his ... by the computer. Role playing games Role playing game s were one of the first types of games for which computerassisted gaming programs were developed. Computer aided role playing game programs are designed ... for complex simulationist games. Tabletop Projection Another example of computerassisted gaming growing ... enabled computerassisted wargames use computer vision to process firing with images of the camera ... 1 Mac Assisted Role Playing , insidemacgames.com on CARP http www.penpaperpixel.org Pen, Paper, and Pixel Computerassisted gaming site of Ennie award winner Jans Carton. http panzercombat.sourceforge.net World War II Tank Combat , Multiplatform computerassisted gaming Category Gaming Category ... aspects of paper and pencil and computer games while computerizing the game as much or as little as desired. Computerassisted games are mostly not designed toward recreating the battlefield inside computer memory, but employing the computer to play the role of game master by storing game rules ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Computerassisted surgery Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 00.3 MeshID OtherCodes Computerassisted surgery CAS represents a surgical concept and set of methods, that use computer technology ... known as computer aided surgery , computerassisted intervention , image guided surgery and surgical ... during the actual surgical intervention. Surgical navigation In computerassisted surgery, the actual ... Computerassisted surgery is the beginning of a revolution in surgery. It already makes .... Computerassisted neurosurgery Remote manipulator Telemanipulators have been used for the first ... of post surgical morbidity by accidentally damaging adjacent centers. Computerassisted oral and maxillofacial ... of the mid face and orbit anatomy orbit . ref Marmulla R, Niederdellmann H Computerassisted bone segment navigation. J Cranio Maxillofac Surg 26 347 359, 1998 ref Computerassisted ... Squeezing into Tight Places . New England Journal of Medicine 354 2099 2101, 2006 ref Computerassisted ... G, Breitenfelder J, Ottersbach A Computerassisted navigation increases precision of component placement .... Computerassisted visceral surgery With the advent of Computerassisted surgery, great progresses ... of View. European Urology. 43 103 105 2003 ref Computerassisted radiosurgery Radiosurgery is also ... the operating time. Most notable computerassisted surgery systems From 1989 to 2007, more than 200 ... Portal Medicine Robotics Commons category inline Computerassisted surgery http www.liversurgery.com ... ComputerAssisted Surgery Category Surgery Category Oral and maxillofacial surgery Category ... Computerassisted surgery Category Medical informatics de Computerassistierte Chirurgie ... has to be scanned and uploaded into the computer system. It is possible to employ a number ... structures, and thus allow a computer to differentiate, and visually separate for a human, the different ... arm that is computer controlled. Robotic surgery can be divided into three types, depending on the degree ... more details
merge Data driven journalism date October 2011 Computerassisted reporting describes the use of computer computers to gather and analyze the data necessary to write news stories. The spread of computers, software and the Internet changed how reporters work. Reporters routinely collect information in database s, analyze public records with spreadsheet s and statistical package statistical programs , study political and demographic change with geographic information system mapping, conduct interviews by e mail , and research background for articles on the World Wide Web Web . Collectively this has become known as computerassisted reporting, or CAR. It is closely tied to precision or analytic journalism , which refer specifically to the use of techniques of the social sciences and other disciplines by journalists. History and development One researcher argues the age of computerassisted reporting began in 1952, when CBS television used a UNIVAC I computer to analyze returns from the U.S. presidential election . ref name COX Melisma Cox , http com.miami.edu car cox00.pdf The development of computerassisted reporting , paper presented to the Newspaper Division, Association for Education ... 07 ref Since the 1950s, computerassisted developed to the point that databases became central to the journalist ... computerassisted. In the 2002 edition, he goes even further and states that a journalist has to be a database ... 15 years, journalism organizations such as the National Institute for ComputerAssisted Reporting NICAR ... Philip Meyer of the Detroit Free Press used a mainframe computer to show that people who had attended ... mass in American newsrooms in terms of general computer use, online research, non specialist ... to a new opportunity for journalists using the computer to analyze huge volumes of government records ... with a computer to find patterns in the criminal justice system. Other notable early practitioners included David Burnham of The New York Times , who in 1972 used a computer to expose discrepancies ... more details
Computerassisted legal research CALR ref http www.aallnet.org products pub llj v97n02 2005 16.pdf Assessing the Influence of ComputerAssisted Legal Research A Study of California Supreme Court Opinions ref or computer based legal research is a mode of legal research that uses databases of court opinions, statutes, court documents, and secondary material. Electronic databases make large bodies of case law easily available. Databases also have additional benefits, such as Boolean algebra Boolean operations Boolean searches , evaluating case authority, organizing cases by topic, and providing links to cited material. Databases are available through paid subscription or for free. ref Kate Marquess, Caught in the Web Survey Reveals Increasing Use of Internet in Law Practices, but Lawyers Are Making Transition Slowly, A.B.A. J., Dec. 2000, at 76. ref Subscription based services include Westlaw and LexisNexis . Free services include OpenJurist , the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School , CanLII , Google Scholar , AltLaw , and http lawdelta.org Law Delta . Notes reflist law stub Category Legal research de Rechtsinformationssystem pl System informacji prawnej ru uk ... more details
Expert subject Medicine date June 2009 refimprove date October 2011 Computerassisted orthopedic surgery or computerassisted orthopaedic surgery sometimes abbreviated as CAOS ref http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.injury.2004.05.005 Nolte, L.P. and Beutler, T. Basic Principles of CAOS , pages S.A6 S.A16, Int. J. Care Injured 2004 35 ref is a discipline where computer technology is applied pre , intra and or post operatively to improve the outcome of orthopedic surgical procedures. CAOS is an active research discipline which brings together orthopedic practitioners with traditionally technical disciplines, such as engineering , computer science and robotics . The principal idea behind CAOS is that operative outcomes will be improved through the use of computer technology. Taking the example of Arthroplasty joint replacement , the task of the surgeon is to integrate the new joint components into the patient s existing anatomy CAOS technologies allow the surgeon to Plan the component placement in advance, including determination of the appropriate component sizes Measure the intra operative placement of the components in real time, making sure that the plan is adhered to Measure the post operative result It has not yet been proved that CAOS technologies result in a significant long term improvement in operative outcome. Whilst the surgeon or even medical students in laboratory studies ref Cobb, J.P. et al. Navigation Reduces the Learning Curve in Resurfacing Total Hip Arthroplasty , page 90, Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 463 ref can achieve better results in terms of planned vs. achieved placement of components, it is not clear whether the plan has been constructed optimally ... implantation . Computerassisted orthopedic surgery is mostly used in knee implant surgery because ... date October 2011 Computerassisted orthopedic surgery is a system where a computer interacts with body ... http www.caos international.org International Society for ComputerAssisted Orthopaedic Surgery Category ... more details
A computerassisted proof is a mathematical proof that has been at least partially generated by computer. Most computer aided proofs to date have been implementations of large Proof by exhaustion proofs by exhaustion of a mathematical theorem . The idea is to use a computer program to perform lengthy ... numbers. Philosophical objections Computerassisted proofs are the subject of much controversy in the mathematical world. Some mathematicians believe that lengthy computerassisted proofs are not, in some ..., which is potentially affected by errors in the computer program, as well as defects in the runtime environment and hardware. Other mathematicians believe that lengthy computerassisted proofs ... 2011 . Arguments that computerassisted proofs are subject to errors in their source programs, compilers, and hardware can be resolved by providing a formal proof of correctness for the computer program .... In 1976, the four color theorem was the first major theorem to be verified using a computer program ... such as Heuristic computer science heuristic search. Such automated theorem prover s have proved a number ... of the Robbins conjecture they do not share the controversial implications of computer aided ... operation is rounded off by the computer precision. However, one can construct an interval provided ... the result using different programming languages, different compilers, and different computer hardware. Another possible way of verifying computer aided proofs is to generate their reasoning steps .... This approach of using a computer program to prove another program correct does not appeal to computer ... need for human understanding. Another argument against computer aided proofs is that they lack ... issue raised by computer aided proofs is whether they make mathematics into a quasi empiricism in mathematics ... Platonist view, all possible mathematical objects in some sense already exist , whether computer ... of Edinburgh offered people the chance to buy their own theorem created through a computer ... more details
multiple Refimprove date December 2009 Computerassisted mass appraisal , or CAMA for short, is a generic term for any software package used by government agencies to help establish real estate appraisal s for property tax calculations. Origins Conceptualized, developed, implemented and promoted by John Q. Ebert beginning in Lansing, Michigan in 1965 as computerASSISTED rather than computer GENERATED calculations of market value appraisals. Further implemented in Spartanburg County, South Carolina in 1970. Use of acronym Melton Spivak, 1973 IAAO Conference, Miami, Florida following a presentation by John Q. Ebert and Dr. Robert J. Anderson regarding computerassisted mass appraisal for smaller jurisdictions, during the Q&A portion, Mr. Spivak asked a question from the audience with the very first utterance of the acronym CAMA with his pronunciation of Ka mah. ref http www.camaresources.com ref From that point on the word term became ubiquitous and universal to the many versions of computer processed mass appraisal systems for property tax administration. Mr. Ebert and Dr. Anderson continued in definition and preachment of the concept which soon spread throughout the world of mass appraisal of market values in property tax administration. First automated commercial properties CAMA system 1982, by TEC International, Boston Massachusetts. Designed by Mr. Joseph E. Beres and Mr. John Q. Ebert as the first fully integration of the cost, market, and income approaches to valuation of urban commercial properties. Technically designed and programmed by Richard A. Carn of TEC. CAMA cloud The first real time, fully synchronized CAMA Cloud was implemented by Data Cloud Solutions, LLC. Daniel T. Anderson s DCS President patent pending technology allows for real time data transmission both to and from mobile field devices. All data, including sketches, photos, and video, is transmitted in real time back to administrative devices, allowing for immediate quality control. Applications ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Computerassisted reviewing CAR tools are pieces of software based on text comparison and analysis algorithm s. These tools focus on the differences between two documents, taking into account each document s typeface through an intelligent analysis. Detecting differences The intelligent analysis used by CAR tools detect the differences do not have the same value depending on their type and or the document field subject. For example, a difference on a number is not the same if this number is a date, a price, a page number, a figure number, a part of an address, a footnote call, a list item number, a title number, etc. a title number or a list item number difference can be of no interest if these numbers will be re calculated afterward before printing or publishing by a text processing tool, a small number difference like 1 to one or 1 to 1st is often of secondary interest, depending on the subject and the field of the document while some other number differences can be very damageable to the document. These tools are interesting in various kind of applications comparison between a document and an updated modified version of it. The main goal is then to highlight the modifications made by a third person or a text processing software. comparison between a document edited two file formats Microsoft Word Word , TXT, PDF , HTML , XML . The main goal is to highlight differences implied by the format modification or the conversion re formatter software. Often, simple char encoding conversion troubles can cause disasters. Computerassisted reviewing for translation ComputerAssisted Reviewing for Translation CART tools are CAR tools being able to manage multi lingual comparisons. This implies to be able to match each part of text from one document ... actors are transiting The MediaWiki history on each page is a CAR tool See also Computerassisted ... still experimental CAR & CART tool . Category Word processors Category Computerassisted translation ... more details
original research date January 2011 refimprove date December 2011 Navbox translation Computerassisted translation , computer aided translation , or CAT is a form of translation language translation in which a human translator uses computer software to support and facilitate the translation process. Computerassisted translation is sometimes called machine assisted, or machine aided, translation not to be confused with machine translation . Overview The automatic machine translation systems available today are not able to produce high quality translations unaided their output must be edited by a human to correct errors and improve phrasing. Computerassisted translation CAT incorporates that manual editing stage into the software, making translation an interactive process between human and computer. ref cite journal last Barrachina first Sergio coauthors et al year 2009 title Statistical Approaches to ComputerAssisted Translation journal Computational Linguistics volume 35 issue 1 pages 3 28 issn 0891 2017 url http aclweb.org anthology J J09 J09 1002.pdf ref Some advanced computerassisted ... of the entire translation process. Range of tools Computerassisted translation is a broad ... Permalink ref See also Computational linguistics Computerassisted reviewing Fuzzy matching Open Translation ... Software Globalization Computer Aided Translation Computer Aided Translation http translationjournal.net journal 29computers.htm Machine Translation and ComputerAssisted Translation a New Way of Translating? DEFAULTSORT ComputerAssisted Translation Category Computerassisted translation Category Language ... dictionaries, either unilingual or bilingual Terminology databases, either on the host computer ... on or Macro computer science macro to commercially available word processing or other business ... that is yet to be translated. Crowd translation Crowd assisted translation is the use large numbers ... id Penerjemahan berbantuan komputer it Traduzione assistita dal computer ms Terjemahan berbantukan ... more details
TI 99 4A de DAI Computer fr DAI Imagination machine pt DAI PersonalComputer ...onesource date February 2010 Image DAI Personal Computer.jpg thumb right 300px center A DAI personalcomputer center The DAI personalcomputer is a rare, early home computer from the Belgium Belgian company Data Applications International . The DAI came to market in 1980. It provided many pioneering features such as high resolution color graphics, a maths co processor, and a pre compiling BASIC interpreter. But it never became a commercial success. History The computer was initially designed by DAI for the United Kingdom UK subsidiary of Texas Instruments for use with the PAL televisions used in Britain ref http www.xs4all.nl fjkraan comp dai daipcw.html ref . TI United States of America US did not want to build a PAL version of their Texas Instruments TI 99 4A TI 99 4A home computer, although they subsequently authorized one after they saw the DAI ref name insideinfo http www.xs4all.nl fjkraan comp dai insideInfo.html ref . The Dutch educational TV broadcast company Teleac broadcaster Teleac .26 NOT .281963 2010.29 Teleac wanted to use the DAI to teach computing, following the BBC s program using the BBC Micro . However, they chose the Exidy Sorcerer instead, because the DAI was not completely ready. ref Nl icon http www.computer museum.nl dai.html Teleac chooses DAI ref Main technical specifications The DAI was based on an early 8 bit microprocessor , the Intel Intel 8080 8080 ... board computer single printed circuit board all the needed circuitry, some 120 individual ICs. The futuristic .... As a computer display , any Television TV could be used. The DAI could display text and high resolution ... for hardware assisted floating point which might not have been required if the newer Z80 had been ... the use of CP M . Peripheral s a Computer bus card rack , the DAI Real World Card System , could be connected ...?c 470&st 1 the DAI Computer at old omputers.com http perso.orange.fr bruno.vivien DAI index.htm ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article PersonalComputer Magazine Description Cover of PersonalComputer Magazine Source http www.magzine.nu magazine PCM 2011 6 Portion Magazine cover only. Low resolution Sufficient resolution for illustration, but considerably lower resolution than original. Purpose Used for purposes of illustration in an educational article about the entity represented by the image. The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of this article topic. Replaceability Protected by copyright, therefore a free use alternative won t exist. other information Licensing Non free magazine cover ... more details
Infobox Museum name PersonalComputer Museum image Sbpcm1.jpg imagesize 200 caption Some personalcomputer s on an interactive display. map type map caption latitude 43.15720 longitude 80.26501 established 2005 dissolved location Brantford , Ontario , Canada type PersonalcomputerPersonalComputer museum visitors director curator Syd Bolton publictransit website http www.pcmuseum.ca The PersonalComputer Museum is located in Brantford , Ontario , Canada , located in a former city building that is built from reclaimed bricks from the Brantford Opera House. Over fifty interactive personalcomputer s are on display from a wide variety of manufacturers, including Apple Computer , Atari , Commodore International Commodore , IBM , Radio Shack , SDI Technologies Timex , Mattel and more. The mandate of the museum is to preserve computer technology and more importantly, offer interactivity with these machines ... computer showcase.ars Ars Technica Microsoft Touts PC Gaming With Retro Computer Showcase ref On September 13, 2008 the PersonalComputer Museum held and established a new Guinness World Records attempt ... ref Notes references External links http www.pcmuseum.ca PersonalComputer Museum website http oldcomputermuseum.com Collection of old analog and digital computers at Old Computer Museum Category Museums established in 2005 Category Computer museums Category Museums in Ontario Category Buildings ... of original software in its library as well as a huge archive of computer related magazines. The museum ... hundreds of books on various topics in computer history A special section devoted to Canadian journalist and technology evangelist Jim Butterfield is on permanent display Computer recycling The PersonalComputer Museum engages in computer recycling. Local residents can bring computers to the museum ... are given away to needy families through the computer giveaway program. ref http pcmuseum.ca ... LabRats.TV Episode 176 ref On February 20, 2010 the museum was host to the oldest known computer ... more details
quad density 1.2MB drives that were standard in the IBM PersonalComputer AT IBM AT and 3.5 720K drives. References Reflist IBM 1984 . PersonalComputer Hardware Reference Library Guide to Operations, Portable PersonalComputer . IBM Part Numbers 6936571 and 1502332. External links http oldcomputers.net ... IBM PersonalComputer s ttl title IBM Personal Computers s aft after IBM PC Convertible end Category IBM personal computers 5155 Portable Category Portable computers de IBM PC Portable pl IBM Portable PC pt IBM Portable PersonalComputer sr IBM PC Portable Model 5155 ... more details
About the British computer magazine the unrelated U.S. magazine PC World magazine the unrelated British retailer PC World retailer Infobox magazine title PersonalComputer World image file Personalcomputer world nov 05.jpg image caption PersonalComputer World new look issue from November 2005 frequency Monthly publisher firstdate February 1978 finaldate June 2009 country United Kingdom PersonalComputer ... was not intended as a specific reference to this. At its inception in 1978 personalcomputer was still ... ownhistory http www.visit croatia.co.uk aboutauthors articles.htm Founding Father , PersonalComputer ... PersonalComputer World April 1987.jpg thumb PersonalComputer World April 1987 issue PCW eagerly ..., http www.theregister.co.uk 2009 06 11 pcw RIP PersonalComputer World ref The magazine also sponsored the PersonalComputer World Show , an annual trade fair held in London every September from 1978 ... Swarbrick, Ben Tisdall, Simon Rockman, http www.digitalretro.co.uk PersonalComputer World magazine ... PersonalComputer World magazine PCW obituary.htm PersonalComputer World magazine 1978 2009 An Obituary from a former Editor s personal perspective ref This final issue made no mention ...&s 573 PersonalComputer World Magazine Library at the Centre for Computing History http www.pressgazette.co.uk ... Computer magazine. Although for at least the last decade it contained a high proportion of Windows ... from home computer s to workstation s, as the industry evolved. Regular features in the earlier years of the magazine were Guy Kewney s Newsprint section, Benchtests in depth computer reviews , Subset , covering machine code programming, type in program listings, Bibliofile book reviews , the Computer ... figure rising from a middle ranking 80,000 to more than 155,000 at a time when personal computing was becoming ... with rivals Computer Shopper , PC Direct , PC Magazine UK PC Magazine and PC Pro for several thousand ... 257Cqdsearch 257Cbypublisher 26type 3Dind 26ref 3D804572 257C01012008 257C31122008 22personal computer ... more details
Infobox computer Name IBM PC XT model 5160 Photo Image Ibm px xt color.jpg 275px Type Personalcomputer Released start date and years ago 1983 3 8 Discontinued April 1987 Processor Intel 8088 4.77 MHz Memory 128 640 kB OS IBM BASIC PC DOS 2.0 3.20 Santa Cruz Operation SCO Xenix The IBM PersonalComputer XT , often shortened to the IBM XT , PC XT , or simply XT , was IBM s successor to the original IBM PersonalComputer IBM PC . It was released as IBM Machine Type number 5160 on March 8, 1983, and came standard with a Hard disk drive hard drive . It was based on essentially the same architecture as the original PC, with only incremental improvements a new 16 bit bus architecture would follow in the IBM PersonalComputer AT AT . The XT was mainly intended as an enhanced machine for business use, though later floppy only models would effectively replace the original model 5150 PC. A corresponding IBM 3270 PC 3270 PC featuring 3270 terminal emulation was released later in October 1983. XT stands for X tended T echnology. Features The XT originally came with 128 kB of Random ... mainframes PersonalComputer XT 370 References references IBM 1983 . PersonalComputer Hardware Reference Library Guide to Operations, PersonalComputer XT . IBM Part Number 6936831. s start s bef before IBM PersonalComputer s ttl title IBM Personal Computers s aft after IBM PersonalComputer AT end Category IBM personal computers 5160 XT Category 1983 introductions ca IBM PersonalComputer XT cs IBM PersonalComputer XT de IBM PersonalComputer XT es IBM PersonalComputer XT it IBM PersonalComputer XT nl IBM PC XT pl IBM PC XT pt IBM PersonalComputer XT ru IBM PC XT ... watt Power supply unit computer power supply . ref name Mueller92 Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing ... by the IBM Personal System 2 PS 2 Model 30. Like the original PC, the XT came with BASIC in its Read ... with either computer. However, the newer 101 key keyboard based on the Model M will work ... more details
About the 1980s 80s magazine games in general Personalcomputer game Image pcgfeb85.jpg thumb right February 1985 issue PersonalComputer Games was a multi format UK computer games mag of the early mid eighties. History It is famous for launching the careers of several notable games journalists of the 1980s 80s including Bob Wade, Peter Connor and Chris Anderson TED Chris Anderson . Anderson would later launch Amstrad Action , and Future Publishing , along with Wade and Connor. ref Amstrad Action , editorial, page 7, issue 1, October 1985 ref Other staff included Deputy Editor Steve Cooke and staff writer Samantha Nemens. Computer coverage at the time were mainly consisted of the Spectrum , Commodore 64 C64 and the BBC Micro , although there were others featured such as MSX , Acorn Electron Electron , Vic 20 and the newly released Amstrad CPC . The February 1985 issue was the last of the magazine. Chris Anderson and Bob Wade went on to launch the Commodore 64 magazine Zzap 64 . Screen Test One of the many influential sections of the magazine was the Screen Test pages where the latest games were reviewed. The PCG Panel, who voiced their opinions on the games reviews, consisted of the PCG staff plus several contributions from readers. The review was laid out with an explanation of the gameplay and then three opinions from the reviewers were given in boxouts at the end. PCG Ratings were out of ten, with a score giving to the graphics, sound, originality, lasting interest and the overall score. Games of the Month The highest accolade awarded by PersonalComputer Games was the Game of the Month . Games achieving this award and the issues they appeared in are as follows August 1984 The Lords of Midnight , ZX Spectrum September 1984 Quo Vadis 1984 video game Quo Vadis , Commodore 64 October 1984 Ancipital, Commodore 64 November 1984 Pyjamarama , ZX Spectrum December 1984 Boulder .... See also Zzap 64 Computer and Video Games magazine References references Category Video game ... more details
Refimprove date October 2010 Infobox computer Name IBM PC AT model 5170 Photo Type PersonalComputer Released 1984 ref name vintage http www.vintage computer.com ibmpcat.shtml IBM PC AT at Vintage Computer ... 3.0 and later, OS 2 1.x The IBM PersonalComputer AT , more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC AT , was IBM s second generation IBM PersonalComputer PC , designed ... seek times of about 40 msec as the IBM PersonalComputer XT PC XT s 10 MB drive, although the early drives manufactured by Computer Memories Inc. Computer Memories CMI had a 25 30 failure rate after ... also Industry Standard Architecture AT form factor References reflist IBM 1986 . PersonalComputer Hardware Reference Library Guide to Operations, PersonalComputer XT Model 286 . IBM Part Number 68X2523 ... for IBM 4860 5140 5150 5155 5160 5162 5170 s start s bef before IBM PersonalComputer XT s ttl title ... PC AT Category 1984 introductions ca IBM PersonalComputer AT cs IBM PersonalComputer AT de IBM PersonalComputer AT es IBM PersonalComputer AT ko IBM PC AT it IBM AT ja PC AT pl IBM PC AT pt IBM PersonalComputer AT ru IBM PC AT sr IBM PC AT zh IBM PC AT ... then new in personal computers one such advancement was that the 80286 processor supported ... interface allows the computer to set the LED indicators on the keyboard, reset the keyboard ... the computer was powered off, and partly to a bug in the PC DOS DOS 3.0 File Allocation Table FAT .... The AT was equipped with a physical lock that could be used to prevent access to the computer by disabling ... doc 1P2 3760999.html was described as a rarity in computer journalism by the Chicago Sun Times ... per instruction, and the 16 bit bus led to a computer that was in the marketing sense too fast ..., so IBM introduced the PC AT 239 which would not boot the computer at any speed faster than 6 ... s flagship microcomputer until the 1987 introduction of the IBM Personal System 2 PS 2 line. Clones ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2011 Image Personalcomputer, exploded 5.svg thumb right 325px Hardware of a modern personalcomputer br div style column count 2 1. Computer monitor Monitor br 2. Motherboard ... supply unit computer Power supply br 7. Optical disc drive br 8. Hard disk drive br 9. Computer keyboard Keyboard br 10. Computer Mouse Mouse div Personalcomputer hardware are component devices which are typically installed into or peripheral to a computer case to create a personalcomputer upon which ... Memory Cards. Most modern devices contains a Memory Card Reader. Examples are Personalcomputerpersonal computers , Mobile phone mobile phones , Printer computing printers and some gaming devices .... Link GA es DEFAULTSORT PersonalComputer Hardware Category Personal computers Category Computer ... rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including ... which enable a computer to function, and is sometimes referred to as the brain of the computer. It is usually Computer cooling Spot cooling cooled by a heat sink and fan. Newer CPUs include an on die ... when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution Bootstrapping computing Bootstrapping ... computer File Computer from inside 018.jpg 220px thumb right Inside a custom built computer the power ... AC electric power to low voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Some power supplies ... and accessories such as disk drives and cooling fans. Removable media devices Main Computer storage ..., used for long term storage and backups. Secondary storage Hardware that keeps data inside the computer for later use and remains persistent even when the computer has no power. Hard disk for medium ... the computer to output sound to audio devices, as well as accept input from a microphone . Most modern ... output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems. Image 3 Tastenmaus Microsoft.jpg thumb Wheel mouse ... more details
Infobox Journal title International Journal of ComputerAssisted Radiology and Surgery cover discipline Health informatics abbreviation IJCARS history publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer country website http www.springer.com medicine radiology journal 11548 ISSN 1861 6410 eISSN 1861 6429 The International Journal of ComputerAssisted Radiology and Surgery IJCARS is a journal for cross disciplinary research, development and applications of Computerassisted surgery ComputerAssisted Radiology and Surgery CARS . The Journal promotes interdisciplinary research and development in an international environment with a focus on the development of digital imaging and Computer aided computer based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well enhance the skill levels of health care professionals. br The International Society for Computer Aided Surgery ISCAS is involved in the publication of the IJCARS External links Official http www.springer.com medicine radiology journal 11548 http www.iscas.net The Journal at the website of ISCAS Category World Scientific academic journals Category Computer science journals Category Medical informatics journals Category Surgery journals Category English language journals de International Journal of ComputerAssisted Radiology and Surgery ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Intelligent ComputerAssisted Language Instruction ICALI involves the application of computing technologies such as Natural language processing NLP , Knowledge representation KP , Speech recognition Automatic Speech Recognition ASR , Neural network s, and Intelligent tutoring system s to the teaching and learning of second or foreign languages. DEFAULTSORT Intelligent ComputerAssisted Language Instruction Category Language learning software ... more details
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