nofootnotes date September 2010 CompositionStudies also referred to as Composition and Rhetoric , Rhetoric and Composition, College Composition, Writing Studies, or simply Composition is the professional ... or personal memoirs. Graduate studies Doctoral programs in CompositionStudies are available at more than eighty universities. Such programs are commonly housed within English Studies or Education programs, although it is increasingly the case that they found their own departments e.g., of CompositionStudies, Writing & Rhetoric, Composition & Linguistics, and so on . Second language writing Second ... Comics Studies Communication studiesComposition language Contrastive rhetoric English studies Media theory of composition National Writing Project Professional communication Rhetoric Second language writing Technical communication Technical writing Writing center Conference on College Composition ... Studies . Upper Montclair, N.J. Boynton Cook, 1987. Phelps, Louise Wetherbee. Composition as a Human ... CompositionStudies http www.bgsu.edu cconline home.htm Computers and Composition ... sometimes even higher composition courses. For example, in California , all public colleges and universities have freshman and sophomore composition courses as requirements. Many composition scholars ... and how writers work to change the conventions within which they work. First year composition Many American universities have a required First Year Composition course, also referred to as FYC. This is not the same ..., composition courses often offer intensive instruction in writing non fiction , expository texts .... Advanced Composition Some universities require further instruction in writing and offer courses that expand upon the skills developed in First year composition. Second level or advanced composition may emphasize forms of argumentation and persuasion, digital media, research and source ... of writing centers in Europe. Composition courses also makes it easy to move with various http ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The cultural studies theory of composition hereafter referred to as cultural studies is a field of compositionstudies that examines both writing as an artifact of culture and the contexts ... of race, class, and gender ref George, Diana, and John Trimbur. Cultural Studies and Composition. A Guide to CompositionStudies, ed. Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper, Kurt Schick. New York Oxford UP ... behind cultural studies is to give voice to the masses and encourage representation of all cultures within a society. Cultural studies pedagogy tends to include examinations of pop culture and media texts and rhetoric ref George, Diana, and John Trimbur. Cultural Studies and Composition. A Guide to CompositionStudies, ed. Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper, Kurt Schick. New York Oxford UP, 2001. ref . Cultural studies is influential in the composition classroom because it enables instructors to help students .... Cultural Studies and Composition. A Guide to CompositionStudies, ed. Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper, Kurt ... studiescomposition instructors can use a variety of genres for students to work within and between. They include br Production based studies emphasizes the producer the political organization of the conditions of production ref Johnson, Richard. What is Cultural Studies, Anyway? Social Text 16.1 1986 ... using pop culture and media studies into composition classrooms ref George, Diana, and John Trimbur. Cultural Studies and Composition. A Guide to CompositionStudies, ed. Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper, Kurt ..., Diana, and John Trimbur. Cultural Studies and Composition. A Guide to CompositionStudies, ed. Gary ... studies is taking, is for civic and community service oriented composition classes. References reflist ... of the Contact Zone. Profession 91. New York MLA, 1991, 33 40. ref . How cultural studies began Cultural studies arose in the 1970s and 1980s as a way of empowering otherwise disenfranchised voices ... we see and read, and so it is useful in the composition classroom to analyze, examine, close read ... more details
Lead rewrite date September 2009 Critical pedagogy In compositionstudies, feminism s goal is to foster a nurturing classroom that focuses on much positive, constructive feedback on writing. An instructor ... in compositionstudies was to create a classroom in which women perceived themselves intellectually ..., says Patricia A. Sullivan. ref name ReferenceB Sullivan, Patricia A. Feminism and Methodology in CompositionStudies. Feminism and Composition A Critical Sourcebook. Kirsch, Gail E., ed. Boston Bedford ... studies of composition, not just the social sciences, which is what Harding is concerned with. These characteristics ... are relevant to compositionstudies because of the common practice to conduct research from ... nor will they give any sort of critique on the androcentric viewpoint. A feminist approach in composition ... Flynn, Elizabeth. Composing as a Woman. Feminism and Composition A Critical Sourcebook. Kirsch, Gail .... The goals of feminists were largely carried out in university classrooms. Specifically, in the composition ... male writers. ref Moar, Faye Spencer. Part One Introduction. Feminism and Composition A Critical ... at hand then was to learn how to teach composition to women. Some Who date February 2009 claimed ... and Composition A Critical Sourcebook. Kirsch, Gail E., ed. Boston Bedford St. Martin s, 2003 ... and teach appropriately, without favoring or focusing on androcentric or gynocentric studies. Feminist .... ref Jarratt, Susan C. Feminism and Composition The Case for Conflict. Feminism and Composition A Critical ... reading women s autobiography, history, and fiction . ref Jarratt, Susan C. Feminism and Composition The Case for Conflict. Feminism and Composition A Critical Sourcebook. Kirsch, Gail E., ed. Boston ... of her first year composition students for their disparities. She says, The narratives of the female ... to allow for an unbiased analysis . Works cited Reflist DEFAULTSORT Feminist Theory In CompositionStudies Category Writing Category Pedagogy Category Feminism and the arts Category Feminist theory ... more details
cited reflist DEFAULTSORT Formalist Theory In CompositionStudies Category Literary criticism Category ... s composition rhetorical modes and outlines, situating one s writing in a very formulaic setting. Current traditionalism is thought to stifle the creativity of students in the composition classroom by confining ... instructors are simply having their students write composition from a mechanistic, analytical standpoint .... Thelin criticizes Maxine Hairston s approach to teaching composition from a current traditional standpoint ... Composition and Communication . 51 1 Sept 1999. 89 95. ref . Moreover, Cain says that one can regard ... to instruction ref name Cain, Mary Ann 1999 . Composition, like creative writing, has flourished ... should be writers. Yet the questions composition tends to pose within this assumption are not so ... what conditions ref name Cain, Mary Ann 1999 . In regards to formalist composition, one must ... more details
wiktionary compose composed composited compositionComposition may refer to fallacy of compositionComposition logical fallacy , in which one assumes that a whole has a property solely because its various parts have that property Compound linguistics Compounding is also known as composition in linguistic literature in computer science Object composition , combining simpler data types into more complex data types, or function calls into calling functions Function composition computer science , an act or mechanism to combine simple functions to build more complicated ones Compositing window manager a component of a computer s graphical user interface that draws windows and or their borders in mathematics Composition number theory , a way of writing a positive integer as a sum of positive integers Function composition , an operation that takes functions and gives a single function as the result Relation composition , an operation that takes relations and gives a single relation as the result A law of composition, usually called a binary function in the arts Composition visual arts , the plan, placement or arrangement of the elements of art in a work Composition roller , cast from a hide glue and molasses used in brayer s and inking rollers for letterpress and other relief printing Composition language , in literature, oratory, and rhetoric, producing a work of spoken tradition or written literature Musical composition , an original piece of music and its creation Compositionstudies , the professional field of writing instruction Dance composition , practice and teaching of choreography Digital compositing , the practice of digitally piecing together a video See also Early Germanic law , concerning the use of the term composition , or making a payment instead of receiving a punishment. With reference to the modern period, see Ausgleich , also called the Composition of 1867 ... Kompositsioon es Composici n fr Composition hy hr Kompozicija it Composizione ka ... more details
for information about the operator of composition function compositioncomposition of relations In mathematics , the composition operator math C phi math with symbol math phi math is a linear operator defined by the rule math C phi f f circ phi math where math f circ phi math denotes function composition . In physics , and especially the area of dynamical systems , the composition operator is usually referred to as the Koopman operator ref B.O. Koopman, Hamiltonian systems and transformations in Hilbert space , 1931 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 17 , pp.315 318. ref ref Pierre Gaspard, Chaos, scattering and statistical mechanics , 1998 Cambridge University Press ref . It is the left adjoint of the Frobenius Perron or transfer operator . In the language of category theory , the composition operator is a pull back on the space of measurable function s it is adjoint to the transfer operator in the same way that the pull back is adjoint to the push forward the composition operator is the inverse image functor . The domain of a composition operator is usually taken to be some Banach space , often consisting of holomorphic function s for example, some Hardy space or Bergman space . Interesting questions posed in the study of composition operators often relate to how the Spectrum functional analysis spectral properties of the operator depend on the function ..., composition operators commonly occur in the study of shift operator s, for example, in the Beurling ... spin lattice s. Composition operators appear in the theory of Aleksandrov Clark measure s. The study of composition operators is covered by http www.ams.org msc 47Bxx.html AMS category 47B33 . See also Multiplication operator References references C. C. Cowen and B. D. MacCluer, Composition operators on spaces of analytic functions . Studies in Advanced Mathematics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995. xii 388 pp. ISBN 0 8493 8492 3. Joel Shapiro mathematician J. H. Shapiro , Composition operators ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The term composition from Latin i com i with and i ponere i to place , in written language, refers to the collective body of important features established by the author in their creation of literature . Most often, composition relates to narrative narrative work s of literature, but may also relate to essays, biographies, and other works. In narratives primarily fiction , composition includes, but is not limited to, Outline summary Outline , the organisation of thoughts and or ideas which is used to determine organisational technique Plot narrative Plot , the course or arrangement of events Theme literature Theme , the unifying subject or idea Dialogue , a reciprocal conversation between two or more persons Characterisation , the process of creating Fictional character characters setting fiction Setting , the time and location in which the composition takes place Description, definition s of things in the composition stylistics linguistics Style , specifically, the linguistic style of the composition Setting tone or mood, conveying one or more emotions or feelings through words writer s voice Voice , the individual writing style of the author tone literary Tone , which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience See also Compositionstudies Conference on College Composition and Communication Kishotenketsu Non linear writing Writing process DEFAULTSORT Composition Language Category Literary concepts Lit stub ko ka mn ja ru uk zh ... more details
this notion, Johnson Eilola and Selber position assemblage as a style of composition situated within ... studies , offer a useful way of understanding assemblages and the related process of remixing ... always be treated as assemblages since composition is often highly intertextual. They believe that composition .... However, they also recognize that remixing as a form of composition inhabits a contested terrain .... in Stuart Hall Critical dialogues in cultural studies. 1996 . David Morley & Kuan Hsing Chen Eds ... a student s unique composition from the inspiring source materials as unrealistic and futile ..., the role of intertextuality is recognized as central to the composition of new material. While the current ... . Beyond gotcha Situating plagiarism in policy and pedagogy. College Composition and Communication ... Composition and Communication CCCC . In his presentation Porter described how plagiarism is sometimes ... presented at the convention of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Chicago ... art Cut up technique Appropriation in the Arts Literary composition DEFAULTSORT Assemblage Composition ... more details
Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithm s to create music . Algorithms or, at the very ... into a musical data stream. Models for algorithmic composition There is no universal method to sort ... or 2 provide an independent way of sound synthesis playing the composition by itself . There are also ... as models for algorithmic composition. As an example of deterministic compositions through mathematical ... for the composition to be complete. Grammars Music can also be examined as a language ... music Evolutionary methods of composing music are based on genetic algorithms . The composition ... similar to the example material. This method of algorithmic composition is strongly linked to algorithmic modeling of style, machine improvisation, and such studies as cognitive science and the study ... hybrid systems for music composition has opened up the field of algorithmic composition and created ... status of these generative works is unclear, although the original composition is supplied by the composer ... George Papadopoulos AI Methods for Algorithmic Composition A survey, a Critical View and Future Prospects .... Focal Press 2001 Karlheinz Essl Algorithmic Composition. in Cambridge Companion to Electronic Music ... www.essl.at bibliogr algo comp.html Abstract Gerhard Nierhaus Algorithmic Composition Paradigms ... Gu tar s algorithmic serial minimalistic composition for player piano. Software http www.koncon.nl downloads ACToolbox AC Toolbox , Algorithmic Composition Toolbox, a free software tool for algorithmic composition. http www.flexatone.net athena.html athenaCL Christoper Ariza s modular, polyphonic, poly paradigm algorithmic music composition in a cross platform interactive command line environment ... algorithmic composition program that can create tonality tonal music in various styles. MIDI and MP3 ... Fractal Tune Smithy an algorithmic composition program written by Robert Walker see also Tune ... Booth, and Harlan Brothers Java FractMus software FractMus is a freeware algorithmic composition ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Timbre composition is the art of creating new timbres. It is often performed electronically, either by combining sinewaves additive synthesis or by filtering out harmonics from more complex waves subtractive synthesis . Timbre composition is also significant for players of the electric guitar . The guitarist s relative proximity to his or her amplifier alters the sound produced. The sound can be modified further via Equalization equalizers , audio filter filters , and various effects pedals . Timbre composition with acoustic instruments is usually very subtle. Minute altercations in performance change the sound produced by the instrument. Percussionists use specific sticks and mallets to yield desired timbres. Players of wind instruments alter the tone simply by changing the pressure of their lips. One could argue that the act of choosing which instrument to play or write for is in itself timbre composition. Timbre composition is used in vocal techniques such as throat singing where the main focus of the music is timbre as opposed to pitch. Music that has been composed solely using the art of Timbre composition is called Timbre centered music . Timbral Listening is a technique used in both the composition and reception of Timbre centered music which has been created using Timbre composition. DEFAULTSORT Timbre Composition Category Aspects of music ... more details
In mathematics , demonic composition is an operation on binary relation s which is somewhat comparable to ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into partial functions or injective relations. Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative. Definition Suppose R is a binary relation between X and Y and S is a relation between Y and Z . Their right demonic composition R sup &rarr sup S is a relation between X and Z . Its graph is defined as math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, x , R , y Rightarrow y , S , z . math Conversely, their left demonic composition R sup &larr sup S is defined by math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, y , S , z Rightarrow x , R , y . math Category Mathematical relations ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 The Composition C family is a family of related US specified plastic explosive s consisting primarily of RDX . All can be moulded by hand for use in demolition work and packed by hand into shaped charge devices. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include C 2, C 3, and C 4 explosive C 4 . ref cite book title Explosives author Rudolf Meyer, Josef K hler, Axel Homburg publisher Wiley VCH pages 63 ref The term composition is used for any explosive material compounded from several ingredients. In particular, in the 1940s the format Composition letter was used for various compositions of the relatively novel explosive RDX, such as Composition B and other variants. The original material was developed by the British during World War II , and standardised as Composition C when introduced to US service. This material consisted of 88.3 RDX and a mineral oil based plasticiser and phlegmatized phlegmatiser . It suffered from a relatively limited range of serviceable temperatures, and was replaced by Composition C 2 around 1943. Composition C 2 contained a slightly smaller proportion of RDX, but used an explosive plasticiser, which contained tetryl ... trinitrotoluene , dinitrotoluene and mononitrotoluene , and a trace of solvent. While Composition C 2 had a much wider serviceable temperature range than Composition C, it could not be stored at elevated temperatures. Consequently it was replaced around 1944 by Composition C 3. Composition C 3 was very similar to Composition C 2, but removed the solvent and varied the exact proportions of plasticisers ... , rocket propelled grenade s, hand grenade s , land mine s, Composition 3 C 3 and Composition 4 C 4 ... for C 3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, C 4 explosive Composition C 4 .... See also Composition B Composition H6 References Reflist Category Explosives Explosive stub fr Composition C ... more details
Ring composition is a narrative technique said to be characteristic of preliterate peoples and oral modes of composition. It is also called chiasmus , chiastic structure , or simply ring structure. In ring composition, a narrator touches on a number of topics till a significant topic is reached, then continues on in the narrative by retracing in reverse order the topics which were mentioned on the way to the significant point. Ring composition is an important element in epic poetry like Beowulf, Homer ic epics, the Aeneid, Paradise Lost, in the Tanakh Hebrew scriptures and in many other traditional texts that show signs of being oral tradition composed orally . ref Mary Douglas, Thinking in circles An essay on ring composition , Yale Univ. Press, 2007 ref Notes references Category Narratology Anthropology stub Lit stub es Composici n anular ... more details
Refimprove date January 2007 In abstract algebra , a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic ... pieces. The need for considering composition series in the context of modules arises from the fact ... into a Direct sum of modules direct sum of simple module s. A composition series of a module M is a finite ... simple constituents. A composition series may not even exist, and when it does, it need not be unique ... composition series exist, the isomorphism class es of simple pieces although, perhaps, not their location in the composition series in question and their multiplicities are uniquely determined. Composition series may thus be used to define invariants of finite group s and Artinian module s. A related but distinct concept is a chief series a composition series is a maximal subnormal series ... unique features of the way this can be done? More formally, a composition series of a group mathematics ... of H sub i 1 sub . Equivalently, a composition series is a subnormal series such that each factor group H sub i 1 sub H sub i sub is simple group simple . The factor groups are called composition factors . A subnormal series is a composition series if and only if it is of maximal length. That is, there are no additional subgroups which can be inserted into a composition series. The length n of the series is called the composition length . If a composition series exists for a group G , then any subnormal series of G can be refined to a composition series, informally, by inserting subgroups into the series up to maximality. Every finite group has a composition series, but not every infinite group has one. For example, the infinite cyclic group has no composition series. Uniqueness Jordan H lder theorem A group may have more than one composition series. However, the Jordan H lder theorem named after Camille Jordan and Otto H lder states that any two composition series of a given group are equivalent. That is, they have the same composition length and the same composition factors, up to permutation ... more details
In mathematics , a composition algebra A over a field mathematics field K is a unital algebra unital but not necessarily associative algebra over a field algebra over K together with a Degenerate form nondegenerate quadratic form N which satisfies math N xy N x N y , math for all x and y in A . The quadratic form N is often referred to as a norm on A . Composition algebras are also called normed algebras not to be confused with normed algebra s in the sense of functional analysis . Structure theorem Every composition algebra over a field K can be obtained by repeated application of the Cayley Dickson construction starting from K if the characteristic algebra characteristic of K is different from 2 or a 2 dimensional composition subalgebra if char K 2 . The possible dimensions of a composition algebra are 1, 2, 4, and 8. 1 dimensional composition algebras only exist when char K &ne 2. Composition algebras of dimension 1 and 2 are commutative and associative. Composition algebras of dimension 2 are either quadratic field extension s of K or isomorphic to math K oplus K math . Composition algebras of dimension 4 are called quaternion algebra s. They are associative but not commutative. Composition algebras of dimension 8 are called octonion algebra s. They are neither associative or commutative. See also Normed division algebra Hurwitz s theorem normed division algebras References cite book first F. Reese last Harvey year 1990 title Spinors and Calibrations publisher Academic Press location San Diego isbn 0 12 329650 1 cite book first Richard D. last Schafer year 1995 title An introduction to non associative algebras publisher Dover Publications isbn 0 486 68813 5 pages 72 75 cite book first T. A. last Springer coauthors F. D. Veldkamp year 2000 title Octonions, Jordan Algebras and Exceptional Groups publisher Springer Verlag isbn 3 540 66337 1 algebra stub Category Algebras Category Ring theory Category Nonassociative algebras he ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the Groove by pianist and arranger Mary Lou Williams born May 8, 1910 is a classic big band jazz composition. The Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City based band Andy Kirk and His Twelve Clouds of Joy gained brief national following largely through the efforts of its principal arranger, pianist Mary Lou Williams, who had a formative role in the Kansas City jazz tradition. The title gave wider currency for a jazz musician s expression. DEFAULTSORT In The Groove Composition Category Jazz compositions Category Jazz standards Jazz composition stub ... more details
Anthropology also known as Thriving From a Riff is a bebop style jazz Musical compositioncomposition written by saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie from 1945 . Fact date July 2008 Like many other jazz compositions, it uses the chords known as rhythm changes . See also List of jazz contrafacts List of 1940s jazz standards Charlie Parker s Savoy and Dial Sessions Category Compositions by Charlie Parker Category 1940s jazz standards Category Bebop jazz standards Category 1945 compositions Category Jazz compositions jazz composition stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Composition school in chess composition is a particular style of creating chess problem s, putting emphasis on different aspects of the problem contents and attracting interest of important number of chess composer s. The best known composition schools, as they evolved historically, are old German school put emphasis on complexity and difficulty of solution and model mate in the main Variation chess variation , the most suitable genres were fourmover s and fivemovers, Bohemian school puts emphasis on artistic beauty and number of variations finished by model mates, the most suitable genres were threemover s and fourmovers, English school chess composition English school demanded dual free play in all variations and put emphasis on varied motivation chess composition motivation in high number of variations, American school chess composition American school puts emphasis on originality and presence of surprising elements in the solution, new German school also known as logical school requires logical structure of solution and purity or economy of aim chess composition aim , the longer genres are more suitable, new Bohemian school combines requirements of new German school and Bohemian school, strategical school puts emphasis on complexity of motivation in high number of variations, both defence and harmful motif chess composition motif s should be unified whenever possible, mostly in twomover s and threemovers, Soviet school is highly developed level of strategic school, new strategical school requires changes of variations or move functions between phase of play phases , Slovak school requires changes of motifs between phases. Besides clearly attributable chess problems there are many ones that might be attributed to none of these or to more of them. Today, many chess composers do work in the area of multiple schools regularly. DEFAULTSORT Composition School Category Chess problems Chess stub es Escuelas de composici n ajedrez ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Composition with Creditors is an agreement among several creditors of a debtor , usually a business. Usually, the agreement involves paying a lessened amount over a period of time. See also Company Voluntary Arrangement Individual Voluntary Arrangement DEFAULTSORT Composition With Creditors Category Credit Category Debt Finance stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan September 2010 notability June 2009 unreferenced June 2009 Spontaneous composition is music performed, occurring, or resulting from a sudden natural impulse, tendency, or inclination without effort or premeditation natural and unconstrained unplanned. ref name test http www.spontaneouscomposition.com Link text , additional text. ref Musical improvisation Improvisation is one possible compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition . References references Category Musical improvisation Music theory stub ... more details
In igneous petrology an intermediate composition refers to the chemical composition of a rock that has 52 63 wt Silicon dioxide SiO sub 2 sub being an intermediate between felsic and mafic compositions. Typical intermediate rocks include andesite , dacite and trachyandesite among volcanic rocks and diorite and granodiorite among plutonic rocks. Igneous rocks Category geochemistry Category Igneous rocks Category Intermediate rocks petrology stub de Intermedi res Gestein nl Intermediair gesteente sk Intermedi rna hornina ... more details
In mathematics , a composition ring , introduced in harv Adler 1962 , is a commutative ring R , 0, , &minus , · , possibly without an identity 1 see non unital ring , together with an operation math circ R times R rightarrow R math such that, for any three elements math f,g,h in R math one has math f g circ h f circ h g circ h math math f cdot g circ h f circ h cdot g circ h math math f circ ... and math f circ h math . Examples There are a few way to make a commutative ring R into a composition ring without introducing anything new. Composition may be defined by math f circ g 0 math for all f , g . The resulting composition ring is a rather uninteresting. Composition may be defined by math f circ g f math for all f , g . This is the composition rule for constant functions. If R is a boolean ring , then multiplication may double as composition math f circ g fg math for all f , g . More interesting examples can be formed by defining a composition on another ring constructed from R . The polynomial ring R X can be made into a composition ring with math X circ g g math for all g it follows from the axioms for composition that in general math f circ g math will be the result of substituting ... constant coefficient can be made into a composition ring with composition given by the same substitution rule as for polynomials. Since nonzero constant series are absent, this composition ring does not have ... g . math However, as for formal power series, the composition cannot always be defined when the right ... zero. One must therefore restrict to a subring of R X to have a well defined composition ... term, but the denominator has nonzero constant term. Again this composition ring has no multiplicative ... by composition of functions, is a composition ring. There are numerous variations of this idea, such as the ring ... x math the free composition ring on one generator? For example, one has math x 2 3x 5 circ x 2 x 2 2 ... Composition rings id MathSciNet id 0142573 year 1962 journal Duke Mathematical Journal issn 0012 7094 ... more details
Composition B , colloquially comp B , is an explosive consisting of castable mixtures of RDX and Trinitrotoluene TNT . It is used as the main explosive filling in artillery shell projectile projectile s, rocket s, land mine s, hand grenades and various other munitions . ref name Cooper Explosives Engineering cite book last Cooper first Paul W. title Explosives Engineering origdate 1996 publisher Wiley VCH isbn 0 471 18636 8 ref It was also used for the explosive lens es in the first implosion type nuclear weapon s developed by the United States. ref name Coster Mullen Atom Bombs The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man , John Coster Mullen, 2003 ref ref name NWFAQ http www.nuclearweaponarchive.org Nwfaq Nfaq8.html nfaq8.1.1 Nuclear Weapons FAQ section 8.1.1 The Design of Gadget, Fat Man, and Joe 1 RDS 1 , accessed August 10, 2009 ref Ingredients The standard ratio of ingredients by weight is 59.5 RDX detonation velocity of 8,750 m s and 39.4 TNT detonation velocity of 6,900 m s , together with an additional 1 paraffin wax ref Military Specification MIL C 401 ref to improve handling qualities. Most commonly it is described as 60 40 RDX TNT with 1 wax added. Properties Density 1.65 g cm sup 3 sup Velocity of detonation 8,050 m s Use Composition B was extremely common in United States and other western world western nations munitions and was the standard explosive filler from early World War II until the early 1950s, when less sensitive explosives began to replace it in many ... ref http www.mecar.be Mecar website ref have continued to use Composition B in their products. Composition B is related to Cyclotol , which has a higher proportion of RDX up to 75 . In popular culture Composition B was mentioned in the 1998 film Saving Private Ryan as the explosive used ... throughout the campaign. See also Composition C References reflist Category Explosives de Composition B fr Composition B it Composition B lt B mi inys ja pl Composition B sv Hexotol vi Comp B ... more details
Memorial is an epic funeral march like piece, composed by Michael Nyman around 1984 1985. This composition is one of the most praised in the work of Michael Nyman and has been reprised in Michael Nyman Band s The Essential Michael Nyman Band and The Very Best of Michael Nyman 1990 2001 . The work premiered on 15 June 1985. Background Nyman utilized a death march in his earlier work, Drowning by Numbers , and revives the scheme for Memorial , clearly setting death and its emotional impact as the main theme of the composition. Indeed, Nyman explicitly dedicated Memorial to the memory of the Juventus F.C. fans killed in the Heysel Stadium Disaster Heysel Stadium tragedy , in May 1985. The composition borrowed a musical phrase from Baroque composer Henry Purcell s King Arthur opera King Arthur , the prelude to The Cold Genius Arises, but the phrase is repeated in countless times, in a minimalist music minimalist fashion. The composition is dominated for the first two thirds by the string and horn sections, backed up by bass guitar , and a drummer. Soprano Sarah Leonard comes in only in the last third of section, and her performance mainly consists of long wordless complaints, adding a dramatic effect to the composition. Her song is continuously an octave higher than the rest of the orchestra, thus creating a haunting effect that suggests pain and sorrow. The best known portion is in fact only the fifth movement. The sixth movement has been released on compact disc under the title ... the Thief His Wife & Her Lover ref Influence The composition was described in the Guardian by Waldemar Januszczak as a small piece of atonement . This composition is part of critic Frank Oteri s list ... to create parts of his film The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover after this composition. In fact, this composition is perhaps the best example of the integration of Nyman s music to Greenaway ... . The composition is being used once in a week in the main episode of Channel 2 Israel . References ... more details
about fat, bone and muscle content of the human body the body s chemical compositionComposition of the human body the general composition of all organisms Biological organisation In physical fitness , body composition is used to describe the percentages of fat , bone and muscle in human bodies . Because muscular tissue takes up less space in our body than fat tissue, our body composition, as well as our weight, determines leanness. Two people at the same height and same body weight may look completely different from each other because they have a different body composition. Recommendations The National Institute of Health ref cite web url http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 001943.htm title MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Weight management accessdate 2007 11is so stupid 01 work ref recommends that a healthy adult male s body should have between 8 and 17 percent fat and a female should have 10 21 . Levels significantly above these amounts may indicate excess body fat. Athletes ... Composition accessdate 2007 11 01 work ref at body fat percentages between 7 and 19 percent for men, and 10 and 25 percent for women, depending on the sport. Measuring body composition Body composition ... for measuring body composition has been developed using the same principles as under water weighing ... for the density of fat and fat free mass . Body composition measurement with Dual energy X ray absorptiometry ... or estimated total body scans using DEXA give accurate and precise measurements of BMD and body composition ... intervention, sports training & or other body composition altering programs. They are also fast, simple ..., etc results. Body Composition is also estimated using cross sectional imaging methods like magnetic ... composition measures to date, many pharmaceutical companies are very interested in this new procedure to estimate body composition measures before and after drug therapy especially in drugs that might change body composition. See also Body Volume Index References reflist DEFAULTSORT Body Composition ... more details
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