Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The term composition from Latin i com i with and i ponere i to place , in written language, refers to the collective body of important features established by the author in their creation of literature . Most often, composition relates to narrative narrative work s of literature, but may also relate to essays, biographies, and other works. In narratives primarily fiction , composition includes, but is not limited to, Outline summary Outline , the organisation of thoughts and or ideas which is used to determine organisational technique Plot narrative Plot , the course or arrangement of events Theme literature Theme , the unifying subject or idea Dialogue , a reciprocal conversation between two or more persons Characterisation , the process of creating Fictional character characters setting fiction Setting , the time and location in which the composition takes place Description, definition s of things in the composition stylistics linguistics Style , specifically, the linguistic style of the composition Setting tone or mood, conveying one or more emotions or feelings through words writer s voice Voice , the individual writing style of the author tone literary Tone , which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience See also Composition studies Conference on College Composition and Communication Kishotenketsu Non linear writing Writing process DEFAULTSORT CompositionLanguage Category Literary concepts Lit stub ko ka mn ja ru uk zh ... more details
Advanced Placement Advanced Placement English Language and Composition or AP English Language and Composition ... Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program . The course AP English Language and Composition ... public repository ap08 english coursedesc.pdf page 12 quote students choosing AP English Language and Composition ... 2008 ref The primary purpose The goals of an AP English Language and Composition course are diverse because the college composition course is one of the most varied in the curriculum. The college course ... ap sub englang.html?englang AP English Language Bot generated title ref Emphasized skills As in the college course, the purpose of the AP English Language and Composition course is to enable students ... to communicate effectively with mature readers. An AP English Language and Composition course should ... course, and the AP English Language and Composition course should emphasize this process, asking ... The AP English Language and Composition exam consists of two sections, a one hour multiple choice ... scores are not available for students, for the English Language and Composition Exam. AP instructors ... www.collegeboard.com student testing ap sub englang.html AP English Language and Composition at CollegeBoard.com ... by the AP English Literature and Composition course. It has been suggested by the College Board that it would be more prudent to have students take AP English Literature and Composition their junior year as they have been analyzing literature their entire academic careers. AP English Language ... on nonliterary topics, and students choosing AP English Literature and Composition should be interested ... and in their professional and personal lives. Therefore, most composition courses emphasize the expository ... context. In addition, most composition courses teach students that the expository, analytical, and argumentative ... and periods as well as personal experience and observation. Composition courses, therefore, teach students ... such as the Modern Language Association MLA , the University of Chicago Press The Chicago Manual ... more details
wiktionary compose composed composited compositionComposition may refer to fallacy of compositionComposition logical fallacy , in which one assumes that a whole has a property solely because its various parts have that property Compound linguistics Compounding is also known as composition in linguistic literature in computer science Object composition , combining simpler data types into more complex data types, or function calls into calling functions Function composition computer science , an act or mechanism to combine simple functions to build more complicated ones Compositing window manager a component of a computer s graphical user interface that draws windows and or their borders in mathematics Composition number theory , a way of writing a positive integer as a sum of positive integers Function composition , an operation that takes functions and gives a single function as the result Relation composition , an operation that takes relations and gives a single relation as the result A law of composition, usually called a binary function in the arts Composition visual arts , the plan, placement or arrangement of the elements of art in a work Composition roller , cast from a hide glue and molasses used in brayer s and inking rollers for letterpress and other relief printing Compositionlanguage , in literature, oratory, and rhetoric, producing a work of spoken tradition or written literature Musical composition , an original piece of music and its creation Composition studies , the professional field of writing instruction Dance composition , practice and teaching of choreography Digital compositing , the practice of digitally piecing together a video See also Early Germanic law , concerning the use of the term composition , or making a payment instead of receiving a punishment. With reference to the modern period, see Ausgleich , also called the Composition of 1867 ... Kompositsioon es Composici n fr Composition hy hr Kompozicija it Composizione ka ... more details
Comics Studies Communication studies Compositionlanguage Contrastive rhetoric English studies Media theory of composition National Writing Project Professional communication Rhetoric Second language writing Technical communication Technical writing Writing center Conference on College Composition and Communication Writing Across the Curriculum Further reading b Rhetoric and Composition Wikibooks Rhetoric and Composition James A. Berlin Berlin, James A. Rhetoric and Reality Writing Instruction ...nofootnotes date September 2010 Composition Studies also referred to as Composition and Rhetoric , Rhetoric and Composition, College Composition, Writing Studies, or simply Composition is the professional ... sometimes even higher composition courses. For example, in California , all public colleges and universities have freshman and sophomore composition courses as requirements. Many composition scholars ... and how writers work to change the conventions within which they work. First year composition Many American universities have a required First Year Composition course, also referred to as FYC. This is not the same ..., composition courses often offer intensive instruction in writing non fiction , expository texts .... Advanced Composition Some universities require further instruction in writing and offer courses that expand upon the skills developed in First year composition. Second level or advanced composition may emphasize forms of argumentation and persuasion, digital media, research and source ... or personal memoirs. Graduate studies Doctoral programs in Composition Studies are available at more ..., although it is increasingly the case that they found their own departments e.g., of Composition Studies, Writing & Rhetoric, Composition & Linguistics, and so on . Second language writing Second language writing is the practice of teaching writing to non native speakers of English. Writing ... of writing centers in Europe. Composition courses also makes it easy to move with various http ... more details
for information about the operator of composition function compositioncomposition of relations In mathematics , the composition operator math C phi math with symbol math phi math is a linear operator defined by the rule math C phi f f circ phi math where math f circ phi math denotes function composition . In physics , and especially the area of dynamical systems , the composition operator is usually referred to as the Koopman operator ref B.O. Koopman, Hamiltonian systems and transformations in Hilbert space , 1931 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 17 , pp.315 318. ref ref Pierre Gaspard, Chaos, scattering and statistical mechanics , 1998 Cambridge University Press ref . It is the left adjoint of the Frobenius Perron or transfer operator . In the language of category theory , the composition operator is a pull back on the space of measurable function s it is adjoint to the transfer operator in the same way that the pull back is adjoint to the push forward the composition operator is the inverse image functor . The domain of a composition operator is usually taken to be some Banach space , often consisting of holomorphic function s for example, some Hardy space or Bergman space . Interesting questions posed in the study of composition operators often relate to how the Spectrum functional analysis spectral properties of the operator depend on the function space. Other questions include whether math C phi math is compact operator compact or trace class ..., composition operators commonly occur in the study of shift operator s, for example, in the Beurling ... spin lattice s. Composition operators appear in the theory of Aleksandrov Clark measure s. The study of composition operators is covered by http www.ams.org msc 47Bxx.html AMS category 47B33 . See also Multiplication operator References references C. C. Cowen and B. D. MacCluer, Composition operators ..., 1995. xii 388 pp. ISBN 0 8493 8492 3. Joel Shapiro mathematician J. H. Shapiro , Composition operators ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Itaipu is a four movement symphonic cantata by Philip Glass . The composition was written in 1989 , and pays homage to the Itaipu Dam world s largest hydroelectric dam , built on the Paran River between Paraguay and Brazil . The text is written in Guaran language Guaran , with a translation by Daniela Thomas . It was commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus and was first performed on November 2, 1989. The four movements are titled Mato Grosso The Lake The Dam To the Sea DEFAULTSORT Itaipu Composition Category Compositions by Philip Glass Category Cantatas Category 1989 compositions de Itaipu Philip Glass et Itaipu muusikateos fr Itaipu Glass pt Itaipu cantata ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Image Composition book.jpg 150px thumb right A composition book with a marbled black and white cover A composition book is one of a type of stock bound notebook commonly used by writer s and student s. Although available in several color s, the original paper marbling marbled black and white cover, with its generic label on the front, is the overwhelming favorite. The paper in a composition book is traditionally lined in blue to aid writing, and has a vertical line for a margin on the left hand of every page. Traditionally the back cover of such a book the inside back cover for most had a table of the weights and measures of the English system printed on it for children to refer to, however this feature has become diminished in countries that have adopted the metric system . Sometimes a multiplication table or grammar or punctuation tips are also found on the inside back cover. They are bookbinding bound in a similar fashion to book s, consisting of sheets about twice as wide as a single page, folded along the spine, and traditionally sewn together. Such a bookbinding signature is much thicker than that which is used for a book, however. Composition books are thus more durable than spiral notebook s or those with perforated pages. Unlike these, however, individual pages are not intended to be torn out of a composition book. The last step in their production is trimming the edges of the book, conventionally rounding the two loose corners. One conventional size of these is 9 inches 247.6 mm high by 7 inches 197 mm across, but there are some now made in China which are 247 mm high by 190 mm across. They are also available in smaller pocket sized editions. Due to their durability, composition books are generally used in long term projects, such as English language English or Composition classes that involve peer review or frequent editing by teachers. They are also commonly used by young child ren for the same reason. Composition ... more details
In Unified Modeling Language UML , composition is depicted as a filled diamond and a solid line. It always ... science , object composition not to be confused with Function composition computer science function composition is a way to Object association combine simple object computer science object s or data type ... to as having a has a has a relationship. A real world example of composition may be seen in an automobile ..., greater than the sum of its parts. When, in a language, objects are typed, types can often be divided into composite and noncomposite types, and composition can be regarded as a relationship between ... . Composition must be distinguished from subtyping , which is the process of adding detail to a general ... on the language, such references may be known as fields , members , properties or attributes , and the resulting composition as a structure , storage record , Tuple Usage in computer science ... responsibility for another object. The more general form, Object composition Aggregation aggregation , is depicted as an unfilled diamond and a solid line. The image below shows both composition and aggregation ... 250px source lang cpp Composition class Car private Carburetor itsCarb public Car itsCarb ... vector Duck itsDucks source Composite types in C This is an example of composition in C programming language C . source lang c typedef struct int age char name enum male, female sex Person source In this example ... not every organism has a gender, but every person does . Recursive composition Objects can be composited ... time when it belongs to another tree. One implementation for the recursive composition is to let ... can be terminated. Another is to use a tagged union. See tagged union for an example. Timeline of composition in various languages C programming language C calls a record a struct or structure object oriented languages such as Java programming language Java , Smalltalk , and C often keep their records ... in the ML programming language ML family simply call them records. COBOL was the first programming ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 The term dance composition is used to describe the practice and teaching of choreography and the navigation or connection of choreographic structures. The art of making concert dance is based on the manipulation of the abstract elements of human movement space, shape, time and energy within an emotion al or non literal context for the purpose of expressing ones unique creative voice. Movement language is taken from the dance techniques of ballet , contemporary dance , jazz dance , hip hop dance , folk dance , religious dance and or pedestrian movement Concepts studied include the compositional use of organic unity , rhythmic or non rhythmic articulation, theme and variation, repetition as well as the practice of improvisation for the purpose of developing innovative movement ideas. Geared toward the presentation of dance as a concert art form. See also Dance notation External links http www.ascendingstardance.com node 365 Elements of Choreography DEFAULTSORT Dance Composition Category Choreography Dance stub es Composici n de la danza ... more details
globalize date December 2010 In United States patent law , a composition of matter is one of the four principal categories of things that may be patented. The other three are a wikt process process also termed a method , a Machine patent machine , and an article of manufacture . In United States patent law, that same terminology has been in use since the first patent act in 1790 with the exception that processes were formerly termed arts . ref The first patent statute permitted a patent on any art, manufacture, engine, machine or device. Patent Act of 1790 4, 1 Stat. 109, 111 1790 . In 1793, Congress amended the patent laws, changing the language to allow a patent for any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter. Patent Act of 1793 1, 1 Stat. 318, 319 1793 . ref The United States Supreme Court has defined composition of matter to mean all compositions of two or more substances and all composite articles, whether they be the results of chemical union, or of mechanical mixture, or whether they be gases, fluids, powders or solids. ref Diamond v. Chakrabarty , 447 U.S. at 308. ref That definition is problematic, however, because composite articles can be articles of manufacture as in the case of a piece of plywood, a concrete sidewalk, a road, a fibreglass bathtub ... layers being held together with bolts. ref Robinson on Patents has defined composition of matter in these terms blockquote A composition of matter is an instrument formed by the intermixture ... state. ...The intermixture of ingredients in a composition of matter may be produced ... A newly synthesized chemical compound or molecule may be patented as a composition of matter. ref ... a manufacture or composition of matter within the meaning of the statute. ref 447 U.S. at 308 ... on a mouse as a composition of matter. ref http www.cmaj.ca cgi content full 163 7 867 Patenting life ..., Dec. 5, 2002. ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Composition Of Matter Category Patent law ... more details
this notion, Johnson Eilola and Selber position assemblage as a style of composition situated within ... always be treated as assemblages since composition is often highly intertextual. They believe that composition .... However, they also recognize that remixing as a form of composition inhabits a contested terrain ... a student s unique composition from the inspiring source materials as unrealistic and futile ..., the role of intertextuality is recognized as central to the composition of new material. While the current ... . Beyond gotcha Situating plagiarism in policy and pedagogy. College Composition and Communication ... Composition and Communication CCCC . In his presentation Porter described how plagiarism is sometimes ... presented at the convention of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Chicago ... art Cut up technique Appropriation in the Arts Literary composition DEFAULTSORT Assemblage Composition ... more details
Poetic Principle CompositionlanguageComposition References reflist 2 External links http www.eapoe.org works essays philcomp.htm The Philosophy of Composition Full text of the first printing, from ...wikisource The Philosophy of Composition is an essay written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe that elucidates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. He concludes that length, unity of effect and a logical method are important considerations for good writing. He also makes the assertion that the death... of a beautiful woman is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world . Poe uses the composition of his own poem The Raven as an example. The essay first appeared in the April 1846 issue of Graham s Magazine . It is uncertain if it is an authentic portrayal of Poe s own method. Poe s philosophy of composition Generally, the essay introduces three of Poe s theories regarding literature. The author recounts this idealized process by which he says he wrote his most famous poem, The Raven to illustrate the theory, which is in deliberate contrast to the spontaneous creation explanation put forth, for example, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Coleridge as an explanation for his poem Kubla Khan . Poe s explanation of the process of writing is so rigidly logical, however, that some have suggested the essay was meant as a satire or hoax . ref Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe Mournful and Never ending Remembrance . New York Harper Perennial, 1991. p. 296 ISBN 0060923318 ref The three central elements of Poe s philosophy of composition are Length Poe believed that all ... has been determined, the writer should decide all other matters pertaining to the composition ... the method he describes in The Philosophy of Composition. T. S. Eliot said It is difficult for us ... The Philosophy of Composition . ref Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe . Baton Rouge, LA ... of Composition full text online . Edgar Allan Poe DEFAULTSORT Philosophy of Composition, The Category ... more details
for the composition to be complete. Grammars Music can also be examined as a language ...Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithm s to create music . Algorithms or, at the very ... into a musical data stream. Models for algorithmic composition There is no universal method to sort ... or 2 provide an independent way of sound synthesis playing the composition by itself . There are also ... as models for algorithmic composition. As an example of deterministic compositions through mathematical ... music Evolutionary methods of composing music are based on genetic algorithms . The composition ... similar to the example material. This method of algorithmic composition is strongly linked to algorithmic ... hybrid systems for music composition has opened up the field of algorithmic composition and created ... status of these generative works is unclear, although the original composition is supplied by the composer ... George Papadopoulos AI Methods for Algorithmic Composition A survey, a Critical View and Future Prospects .... Focal Press 2001 Karlheinz Essl Algorithmic Composition. in Cambridge Companion to Electronic Music ... www.essl.at bibliogr algo comp.html Abstract Gerhard Nierhaus Algorithmic Composition Paradigms ... Gu tar s algorithmic serial minimalistic composition for player piano. Software http www.koncon.nl downloads ACToolbox AC Toolbox , Algorithmic Composition Toolbox, a free software tool for algorithmic composition. http www.flexatone.net athena.html athenaCL Christoper Ariza s modular, polyphonic, poly paradigm algorithmic music composition in a cross platform interactive command line environment ... algorithmic composition program that can create tonality tonal music in various styles. MIDI and MP3 ... Fractal Tune Smithy an algorithmic composition program written by Robert Walker see also Tune ... Booth, and Harlan Brothers Java FractMus software FractMus is a freeware algorithmic composition ... composition. Articles http muse.jhu.edu journals computer music journal v025 25.1supper.html A Few ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Timbre composition is the art of creating new timbres. It is often performed electronically, either by combining sinewaves additive synthesis or by filtering out harmonics from more complex waves subtractive synthesis . Timbre composition is also significant for players of the electric guitar . The guitarist s relative proximity to his or her amplifier alters the sound produced. The sound can be modified further via Equalization equalizers , audio filter filters , and various effects pedals . Timbre composition with acoustic instruments is usually very subtle. Minute altercations in performance change the sound produced by the instrument. Percussionists use specific sticks and mallets to yield desired timbres. Players of wind instruments alter the tone simply by changing the pressure of their lips. One could argue that the act of choosing which instrument to play or write for is in itself timbre composition. Timbre composition is used in vocal techniques such as throat singing where the main focus of the music is timbre as opposed to pitch. Music that has been composed solely using the art of Timbre composition is called Timbre centered music . Timbral Listening is a technique used in both the composition and reception of Timbre centered music which has been created using Timbre composition. DEFAULTSORT Timbre Composition Category Aspects of music ... more details
In mathematics , demonic composition is an operation on binary relation s which is somewhat comparable to ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into partial functions or injective relations. Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative. Definition Suppose R is a binary relation between X and Y and S is a relation between Y and Z . Their right demonic composition R sup &rarr sup S is a relation between X and Z . Its graph is defined as math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, x , R , y Rightarrow y , S , z . math Conversely, their left demonic composition R sup &larr sup S is defined by math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, y , S , z Rightarrow x , R , y . math Category Mathematical relations ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Primarysources date July 2008 UFO for Solo Percussion and Orchestra 1999 and for Solo Percussion and Symphonic Band 2000 by American composer Michael Daugherty , is a composition written for percussionist Evelyn Glennie . UFO for Solo Percussion and Orchestra was commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra United States National Symphony Orchestra through a grant from the John and June Hechinger Commissioning Fund. It was first performed by Evelyn Glennie and the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leonard Slatkin at the Kennedy Center , Washington D.C. on April 10, 1999. In five movements with a total duration of about 40 minutes, the concerto is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, B flat clarinet, E flat clarinet, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, and strings. The symphonic band version is scored for piccolo, 4 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, E flat clarinet, 4 B flat clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones, 4 horns, 4 trumpets, 2 trombones, bass trombone, 3 euphoniums, 2 tubas, and contrabass. Movements Traveling Music Unidentified Flying ??? Objects Discography American Classics Michael Daugherty Philadelphia Stories UFO for Solo Percussion and Orchestra Evelyn Glennie solo percussion Colorado Symphony Orchestra , Marin Alsop , Conductor UFO Music of Michael Daugherty Desi Motown Metal Niagara Falls Red Cape Tango UFO for Solo Percussion and Symphony Band Evelyn Glennie solo percussion University of North Texas College of Music North Texas Wind Symphony, Eugene Migliaro Corporon , Conductor References http www.naxos.com mainsite blurbs reviews.asp?item code 8.559165&catNum 559165&filetype About 20this 20Recording&language English Program notes from Naxos recording http www.michaeldaugherty.net Official site of Michael Daugherty DEFAULTSORT Ufo Composition Category Percussion concertos Category Concertos Cat ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 The Composition C family is a family of related US specified plastic explosive s consisting primarily of RDX . All can be moulded by hand for use in demolition work and packed by hand into shaped charge devices. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include C 2, C 3, and C 4 explosive C 4 . ref cite book title Explosives author Rudolf Meyer, Josef K hler, Axel Homburg publisher Wiley VCH pages 63 ref The term composition is used for any explosive material compounded from several ingredients. In particular, in the 1940s the format Composition letter was used for various compositions of the relatively novel explosive RDX, such as Composition B and other variants. The original material was developed by the British during World War II , and standardised as Composition C when introduced to US service. This material consisted of 88.3 RDX and a mineral oil based plasticiser and phlegmatized phlegmatiser . It suffered from a relatively limited range of serviceable temperatures, and was replaced by Composition C 2 around 1943. Composition C 2 contained a slightly smaller proportion of RDX, but used an explosive plasticiser, which contained tetryl ... trinitrotoluene , dinitrotoluene and mononitrotoluene , and a trace of solvent. While Composition C 2 had a much wider serviceable temperature range than Composition C, it could not be stored at elevated temperatures. Consequently it was replaced around 1944 by Composition C 3. Composition C 3 was very similar to Composition C 2, but removed the solvent and varied the exact proportions of plasticisers ... , rocket propelled grenade s, hand grenade s , land mine s, Composition 3 C 3 and Composition 4 C 4 ... for C 3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, C 4 explosive Composition C 4 .... See also Composition B Composition H6 References Reflist Category Explosives Explosive stub fr Composition C ... more details
Ring composition is a narrative technique said to be characteristic of preliterate peoples and oral modes of composition. It is also called chiasmus , chiastic structure , or simply ring structure. In ring composition, a narrator touches on a number of topics till a significant topic is reached, then continues on in the narrative by retracing in reverse order the topics which were mentioned on the way to the significant point. Ring composition is an important element in epic poetry like Beowulf, Homer ic epics, the Aeneid, Paradise Lost, in the Tanakh Hebrew scriptures and in many other traditional texts that show signs of being oral tradition composed orally . ref Mary Douglas, Thinking in circles An essay on ring composition , Yale Univ. Press, 2007 ref Notes references Category Narratology Anthropology stub Lit stub es Composici n anular ... more details
Refimprove date January 2007 In abstract algebra , a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic ... pieces. The need for considering composition series in the context of modules arises from the fact ... into a Direct sum of modules direct sum of simple module s. A composition series of a module M is a finite ... simple constituents. A composition series may not even exist, and when it does, it need not be unique ... composition series exist, the isomorphism class es of simple pieces although, perhaps, not their location in the composition series in question and their multiplicities are uniquely determined. Composition series may thus be used to define invariants of finite group s and Artinian module s. A related but distinct concept is a chief series a composition series is a maximal subnormal series ... unique features of the way this can be done? More formally, a composition series of a group mathematics ... of H sub i 1 sub . Equivalently, a composition series is a subnormal series such that each factor group H sub i 1 sub H sub i sub is simple group simple . The factor groups are called composition factors . A subnormal series is a composition series if and only if it is of maximal length. That is, there are no additional subgroups which can be inserted into a composition series. The length n of the series is called the composition length . If a composition series exists for a group G , then any subnormal series of G can be refined to a composition series, informally, by inserting subgroups into the series up to maximality. Every finite group has a composition series, but not every infinite group has one. For example, the infinite cyclic group has no composition series. Uniqueness Jordan H lder theorem A group may have more than one composition series. However, the Jordan H lder theorem named after Camille Jordan and Otto H lder states that any two composition series of a given group are equivalent. That is, they have the same composition length and the same composition factors, up to permutation ... more details
In mathematics , a composition algebra A over a field mathematics field K is a unital algebra unital but not necessarily associative algebra over a field algebra over K together with a Degenerate form nondegenerate quadratic form N which satisfies math N xy N x N y , math for all x and y in A . The quadratic form N is often referred to as a norm on A . Composition algebras are also called normed algebras not to be confused with normed algebra s in the sense of functional analysis . Structure theorem Every composition algebra over a field K can be obtained by repeated application of the Cayley Dickson construction starting from K if the characteristic algebra characteristic of K is different from 2 or a 2 dimensional composition subalgebra if char K 2 . The possible dimensions of a composition algebra are 1, 2, 4, and 8. 1 dimensional composition algebras only exist when char K &ne 2. Composition algebras of dimension 1 and 2 are commutative and associative. Composition algebras of dimension 2 are either quadratic field extension s of K or isomorphic to math K oplus K math . Composition algebras of dimension 4 are called quaternion algebra s. They are associative but not commutative. Composition algebras of dimension 8 are called octonion algebra s. They are neither associative or commutative. See also Normed division algebra Hurwitz s theorem normed division algebras References cite book first F. Reese last Harvey year 1990 title Spinors and Calibrations publisher Academic Press location San Diego isbn 0 12 329650 1 cite book first Richard D. last Schafer year 1995 title An introduction to non associative algebras publisher Dover Publications isbn 0 486 68813 5 pages 72 75 cite book first T. A. last Springer coauthors F. D. Veldkamp year 2000 title Octonions, Jordan Algebras and Exceptional Groups publisher Springer Verlag isbn 3 540 66337 1 algebra stub Category Algebras Category Ring theory Category Nonassociative algebras he ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the Groove by pianist and arranger Mary Lou Williams born May 8, 1910 is a classic big band jazz composition. The Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City based band Andy Kirk and His Twelve Clouds of Joy gained brief national following largely through the efforts of its principal arranger, pianist Mary Lou Williams, who had a formative role in the Kansas City jazz tradition. The title gave wider currency for a jazz musician s expression. DEFAULTSORT In The Groove Composition Category Jazz compositions Category Jazz standards Jazz composition stub ... more details
Anthropology also known as Thriving From a Riff is a bebop style jazz Musical compositioncomposition written by saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie from 1945 . Fact date July 2008 Like many other jazz compositions, it uses the chords known as rhythm changes . See also List of jazz contrafacts List of 1940s jazz standards Charlie Parker s Savoy and Dial Sessions Category Compositions by Charlie Parker Category 1940s jazz standards Category Bebop jazz standards Category 1945 compositions Category Jazz compositions jazz composition stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Composition school in chess composition is a particular style of creating chess problem s, putting emphasis on different aspects of the problem contents and attracting interest of important number of chess composer s. The best known composition schools, as they evolved historically, are old German school put emphasis on complexity and difficulty of solution and model mate in the main Variation chess variation , the most suitable genres were fourmover s and fivemovers, Bohemian school puts emphasis on artistic beauty and number of variations finished by model mates, the most suitable genres were threemover s and fourmovers, English school chess composition English school demanded dual free play in all variations and put emphasis on varied motivation chess composition motivation in high number of variations, American school chess composition American school puts emphasis on originality and presence of surprising elements in the solution, new German school also known as logical school requires logical structure of solution and purity or economy of aim chess composition aim , the longer genres are more suitable, new Bohemian school combines requirements of new German school and Bohemian school, strategical school puts emphasis on complexity of motivation in high number of variations, both defence and harmful motif chess composition motif s should be unified whenever possible, mostly in twomover s and threemovers, Soviet school is highly developed level of strategic school, new strategical school requires changes of variations or move functions between phase of play phases , Slovak school requires changes of motifs between phases. Besides clearly attributable chess problems there are many ones that might be attributed to none of these or to more of them. Today, many chess composers do work in the area of multiple schools regularly. DEFAULTSORT Composition School Category Chess problems Chess stub es Escuelas de composici n ajedrez ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Composition with Creditors is an agreement among several creditors of a debtor , usually a business. Usually, the agreement involves paying a lessened amount over a period of time. See also Company Voluntary Arrangement Individual Voluntary Arrangement DEFAULTSORT Composition With Creditors Category Credit Category Debt Finance stub ... more details
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