native name native name es Reino de Espa a icon no conventional long name Kingdom of Spain common name Spain image flag Flag of Spain.svg image coat Escudo de Espa a mazonado .svg image map EU Spain.svg ... March official languages Spanish language Spanish ref group note In some autonomous communities of Spain ... constitutional monarchy leader title1 Spanish monarchy King leader title2 Prime Minister of Spain Prime Minister leader name1 Juan Carlos I of Spain Juan Carlos I leader name2 Mariano Rajoy legislature Cortes Generales upper house Senate of Spain Senate lower house Congress of Deputies of Spain ... established event3 spaces 2 De facto established date3 Charles I of Spain 1516 established event4 ... of Spain. Population on the 1 April 2010 publisher Instituto Nacional de Estad stica de Espa a ... 2CNGDPDPC 2CPPPGDP 2CPPPPC 2CLP&grp 0&a &pr1.x 48&pr1.y 14 title Spain publisher International ... numbers in Spain 34 Spain IPAc en audio en us Spain.ogg s p e n respell spayn lang es Espa a , IPA es es pa a pron Es Espa a.ogg , officially the Kingdom of Spain lang es Reino de Espa a , ref group note In Spain, Languages of Spain other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate Indigenous ... or Minority Languages . In each of these, Spain s official name is as follows lang an Reino ... the terms Espa a Spain , Estado espa ol Spanish State and Naci n espa ola Spanish Nation are used throughout ... published in 1984 that the denominations Espa a Spain and Reino de Espa a Kingdom of Spain are equally valid to designate Spain in international treaties. This term, Kingdom of Spain, is widely used ... Ocean off the African coast, and two Autonomous cities of Spain autonomous cities in North Africa ... after Russia , Ukraine and France. Because of its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences since prehistory prehistoric times and through to its dawn as a country. Spain ... most spoken first language . Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government ... more details
Communications in Korea may refer to Communications in North Korea Communications in South Korea disambig Category Communications in Korea ... more details
Department of Communications may refer to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Ireland Department of Communications South Africa See also Ministry of Communications disambiguation Ministry of Communications disambig ... more details
For more information, see these articles about telecommunication Communications in Oceania . reference Oceania in topic Communications in Category Communication by region ... more details
Euphony Communications Ltd is a privately owned Basingstoke , UK based communications and utility company. Euphony is notable for its hierarchical customer referral structure and independent base of consultants. Euphony was founded in 1998 and does not advertise itself in conventional ways. Euphony has featured in UK national newspapers, which have referenced its rapid expansion and success since it was bought by Giles Redpath who took over as CEO in 2004 to set the company in the right direction. The shares are held thus Giles Redpath 53 , Penta Capital 35 , management 2 , others 10 . ref cite web url http www.fasttrack.co.uk fasttrack leagues dbIndex.asp?siteID 6&yr 2008&sort num&area1 99&x 14&y 12 title Sunday Times Fast Track Buyout Track 100 work Sunday Times Fast Track publisher Fast Track accessdate 2010 05 16 date 1 February 2008 first ref In February 2008, Euphony was listed as 13th in the Sunday Times Buyout Track 100, the list of the 100 privately owned companies with the fastest growing profits, with 80.91 annual profit growth. ref cite web url http www.fasttrack.co.uk fasttrack leagues dbIndex.asp?siteID 6&yr 2008&sort num&area1 99&x 14&y 12 title Sunday Times Fast Track Buyout Track 100 work Sunday Times Fast Track publisher Fast Track accessdate 2010 05 16 date 1 February 2008 first ref Euphony offers telephone, broadband, VOIP , and gas & electricity services in eight European countries including the UK, Ireland , Belgium , Netherlands , Germany , Spain , Portugal ... work Euphony Communications publisher Euphony Communications accessdate 2008 10 11 date 14 July ... web url http www.euaffinity.com html generalInfo.htm title euAffinity FAQ work Euphony Communications publisher Euphony Communications accessdate 2008 10 11 date 14 July 2008 first ref An online sign up facility for Euphony s utility services will be launched in mid July 2009. Euphony Communications Ltd went into administration in 2009. Business was transferred to Hive Communications in 2010. References ... more details
The Communications Act can refer to The Communications Act of 1934 in the United States The Communications Act 2003 in the United Kingdom See also List of short titles disambig ko ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 For more information, see these articles about telecommunication Communications in Europe . Communications in Europe See also European Telecommunications Standards Institute DEFAULTSORT Communications In Europe Category Communication by region ... more details
Chime Communications can be Chime Communications United Kingdom , a public relations and advertising company based in London, United Kingdom. Chime Communications Australia , a telecommunications company in Australia disambig ... more details
Infobox company company name Cogent Communications Group, Inc. company logo Image Cogentlogo.png frameless CCOI Logo company type Public company Public traded as Nasdaq CCOI foundation 1999 location Washington, D.C. , USA key people Dave Schaeffer Entrepreneur Founder Board of directors President Chief executive officer CEO industry Telecommunications products revenue 263.4 million United States Dollar USD 2010 operating income 5.9 million United States Dollar USD 2010 net income 2.6 million United States Dollar USD 2010 num employees 582 April, 2010 homepage http www.cogentco.com www.cogentco.com footnotes Infobox NSP asn 174 Cogent Communications is a multinational internet service provider whose network spans more than 53,300 intercity fiber route miles and 15,800 metro fiber miles. Cogent provides service in over 165 markets across 31 countries in North America and Europe. Cogent carries approximately 37 petabytes per day of Internet traffic and connects to approximately 3,600 networks. Cogent s Autonomous system Internet AS 174 has one of the highest ranked connectivity degree graph theory degrees on the Internet. ref http www.caida.org research topology as core network Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale April 2005 ref ref http as rank.caida.org AS ranking ref Acquisition history Cogent was founded in 1999 at the peak of the industry s growth. In three years, Cogent acquired 13 other failing carriers, purchasing 14 billion in capital for 60 million, including ... 13 ARTCL none none Cogent Communications banks on Ethernet over IP Lightwave Cogent Communications ... Theory br January 2004 Acquires LambdaNet France & Spain br March 2004 Acquires Fiber Network ... epperson courses routing protocols handouts cogent ft.html accessdate 2006 09 28 ref , Level 3 Communications ... Sprint Nextel Severs Its Internet Connection to Cogent Communications ref . Sprint ... based in Washington, D.C. Category Transit free networks de Cogent Communications fr Cogent Communications ... more details
spurred partners Muddassar Ahmed and Shiraz Ahmad to found Unitas Communications in 2008. Unitas ... Officer of Unitas Communications. He is Chairman of The Concordia Forum, the Hikmah Club and the European ... General Secretary of MLM UK. Shiraz Ahmad Ahmad is Chief Operating Officer for Unitas Communications ... of years. Amongst other roles, Ahmad previously worked as a Communications Officer with the British ... Labour Movement UK. Clients Unitas Communications assists clients across a range of local, national ... ref United Nations and Unitas Communications ref Transitional Federal Government Arab League ... El Hatef al Islami SciArt Met Muslim Youth Helpline Publications Daily digest Unitas Communications ... , and The Sun United Kingdom The Sun . Dialogue In 2010, Unitas Communications launched its quarterly ... Radio Charles Allen Membership is by invitation from Unitas Communications CEO Muddassar Ahmed ... The Concordia Forum is an annual leaders retreat convened, organised, and managed by Unitas Communications ... and convenes annually in southern Spain to develop and strengthen transatlantic and pan European ... more details
In telecommunication , the term communications deception has the following meanings Deliberate transmission telecommunications transmission , retransmission, or alteration of communications to mislead an adversary s interpretation of the communications. Use of devices, operations, and techniques with the intent of confusing or misleading the User telecommunications user of a communications Data link link or a navigation system . References FS1037C National Information Systems Security Glossary DODDIC Category Military communications Category Deception telecomm stub ... more details
Ministry of Communications may refer to Ministry of Communications Afghanistan Ministry of Communications Iceland Ministry of Communications Israel Ministry of Communications of Morocco Ministry of Communications of Pakistan functions as a central policy making and administrative authority on Communications and Transport Sector in Pakistan. Ministry of Communications Soviet Union , the central state administration body on communications in the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1991 See also Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Australia , which was disbanded in 2007 Department of Canadian Heritage , formerly a part of the Department of Communications Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Ireland , a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors and regulates, protects and develops the natural resources of the Republic of Ireland Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan , a cabinet level ministry in the Government of Japan Ministry of Economic Development New Zealand , including Communications and Information Technology Portfolio Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People s Republic of China , established in March 2008, is the state agency of the People s Republic of China responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts Singapore , a ministry of the Government of Singapore. It is in charge of the creative industries, arts, heritage, library, media, infocommunications and government public relations Department of Communications South Africa is responsible for overseeing the South African communications, telecommunications and broadcasting industries Office of Communications United Kingdom Federal Communications ... more details
Director of communications ref Public Relations Society of America http www.prsa.org jobcenter commjobs.html ref is a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization s internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesman and media contact for the organization. A director of communications may also ... 11 2031.00 ref , communications director , or press secretary . The director of communications usually reports directly to a corporate title CXO , including a chief communications officer CCO or chief executive officer CEO of a company or organization. In an organization, the director of communications directs the Communications Department, sometimes called a Public Affairs Department. The director of communications may be assisted by a deputy director, clerical staff, and communications specialists and public affairs officers. Communications in politics In United States politics, a director of communications is usually a senior aide to the President of the United States White House Communications ... Cabinet Cabinet secretary , or a government department. The current White House Director of Communications is Dan Pfeiffer . In Canada and the United Kingdom , a director of communications is a senior ... director of communications to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is Craig Oliver media executive Craig Oliver the director of communications to the Prime Minister of Canada is Angelo Persichilli ... in ranks of ethnic media . The Globe and Mail , August 31, 2011. ref In Australia , the director of communications ... Minister s communications office including Press Secretaries and Speechwriter Speechwriting staff. The current director of communications is Russell Mahoney . In Nigeria the director of communications or special adviser on communications is a senior aide to the President of Nigeria president ... more details
In telecommunication s, communications protection is the application of communications security COMSEC measures to telecommunications systems in order to a Access control deny unauthorized access to sensitive unclassified information of value, b prevent disruption of telecommunications services, or c ensure the authenticity of information handled by telecommunications systems. References FS1037C Category Military communications telecommunications stub ... more details
In telecommunication , control communications is the branch of technology devoted to the design, development, and application of telecommunication communications facilities used specifically for control purposes, such as for controlling a industrial processes, b movement of resources, c electric power generation, distribution, and utilization, d communications networks, and e transportation systems. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications telecomm stub ... more details
Cleanup date June 2007 Earth Moon Earth , also known as moon bounce , is a radio communications technique which relies on the propagation of radio waves from an Earth based transmitter directed via reflection from the surface of the Moon back to an Earth based receiver. History The use of the Moon as a passive communications satellite was proposed by John Bray communications engineer Mr. W.J. Bray of the British General Post Office in 1940. It was calculated that with the available microwave transmission powers and low noise receivers, it would be possible to beam microwave signals up from Earth and reflect off the Moon. It was thought that at least one voice channel would be possible. ref cite book last Pether first John title The Post Office at War publisher Bletchley Park Bletchley Park ... before communications satellites , a link free of the vagaries of Radio propagation Sky Wave Propagation ... users, and the first amateur detection of signals from the Moon took place in 1953. EME communications ... communications to be possible. To determine EME Path Loss we need to know Moon distance from either .... Current EME communications Amateur radio ham operators utilize EME for two way communications. EME presents significant challenges to amateur operators interested in working weak signal communications. Currently, EME provides the longest communications path any two stations on Earth can utilize for bi directional communications. Amateur operations use VHF, UHF and microwave frequencies. All amateur frequency bands from 50 MHz to 47 GHz have been used successfully, but most EME communications ... SSB Other Factors influencing EME communications Doppler effect 300 Hz at Moonrise set At Moonrise ... , Balearic Islands, Spain Image 144MHz EME.jpg A part of 144 MHz EME antenna array at WA6PY in California ... directlink gallery References references See also Information theory Meteor burst communications ... ch2.htm NASA, Beyond the Ionosphere the development of satellite communications RF Propagation Navbox ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Alliance Communications was a former Canadian based movie distribution company. Based in Toronto, Ontario the company was formed in 1984 by Stephen Roth , Denis Heroux , John Kemeny , Robert Lantos and Jay Firestone . It acquired a Montreal based Francophone production company, Vivafilm , in 1990. In 1998, it merged with Atlantis Communications , forming Alliance Atlantis Communications. Category Companies established in 1984 Category Companies disestablished in 1998 Category Defunct film and television production companies of Canada tr Alliance Communications ... more details
In telecommunication , the term communications jamming COMJAM has the following meanings The portion of electronic jamming that is directed against telecommunication communications circuits and systems. The prevention of successful radio communications by the use of electromagnetic signals, i.e. , the deliberate radiation , reradiation , or Reflection physics reflection of electromagnetic energy with the objective of impairing the effective use of electronic communications systems. The aim of communications jamming is to prevent communications by electromagnetic means, or at least to degrade communications sufficiently to cause delays in transmission telecommunications transmission and reception. Jamming may be used in conjunction with deception to achieve an overall electronic counter measures electronic counter measure ECM plan implementation. See also Jamming disambiguation References FS1037C External links http www.stratign.com electronic warfare.htm Communication Jamming Systems, Manpack Jammers, IED, UAV, Portable Radio Jamming Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
notability date October 2011 sources date October 2011 Infobox company company name Barrett Communications company logo File Barrett logo.jpg slogan company type Private foundation 1976 location Bibra Lake, Perth, Western Australia key people industry HF and VHF Communications products HF and VHF commercial and military communications equipment revenue num employees 60 parent subsid Barrett Europe Limited homepage http www.barrettcommunications.com.au www.barrettcommunications.com.au footnotes File Barrett2050.jpg thumb Barrett2050 HF SSB transceiver Barrett Communications is a manufacturer and supplier of commercial high frequency HF , military HF and VHF communications equipment based in Perth, Western Australia . The company has a European subsidiary , Barrett Europe Limited, located at Whiteley , UK and is represented in the US by Barrett Communications USA LLC and NVIS Communications Barrett Communications Consulting LLC. External links official http www.barrettcommunications.com.au Category Companies established in 1976 Category Telecommunications equipment Category Interoperable communications Category Radio communications ... more details
Politics of the Isle of Man The Communications Commission lang gv Oaseirys hellinsh is a Statutory Board responsible for the regulation of telecommunications and broadcasting in the Isle of Man . The Commission was created by the Communications Commission Order 1989. ref Statutory Document 74 89 ref Since 2001 the Minister of Home Affairs Isle of Man Minister for Home Affairs has been chairman of the Commission ex officio . see Communications on the Isle of Man references External links http www.gov.im government boards cc.xml Communications Commission Category Communications in the Isle of Man Category Organisations based in the Isle of Man Category Government of the Isle of Man IsleofMan stub ... more details
Cleanup date March 2011 Infobox Company company name MRV Communications Inc. logo foundation 1988 type Public company Public location city Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California Chatsworth, California location country united States U.S. location locations area served key people industry Semiconductor Integrated Circuit s products services market cap United States dollar USD 242.6 Million 2011 revenue loss United States dollar USD 263.9 Million 2010 ref name sec Cite web url http sec.gov Archives edgar data 887969 000088796911000006 mrv1231201010k.htm ref operating income profit United States dollar USD 12.6 Million 2010 ref name sec net income profit United States dollar USD 50.8 Million 2010 ref name sec assets increase United States dollar USD 326.9 Million 2010 ref name sec equity increase United States dollar USD 221.1 Million 2010 ref name sec owner num employees 743 2010 parent divisions subsid homepage http www.mrv corporate.com default.asp footnotes intl MRV Communications nasdaq MRVC is a communications equipment and services company based in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California Chatsworth , California . The company, through its business units, is a global provider of optical communications network infrastructure equipment and services to a broad range of telecom concerns, including multinational telecommunications operators, local municipalities, MSOs, corporate and consumer ... voice and cellular communication. This group includes MRV Optical Communications Systems, Creative Electronic ... communications networks. This group includes MRV s European business units Alacdon in Sweden, Interdata ... , Norway , Russia , Singapore , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Taiwan and the United ... Advanced Communications, BTI systems, Inc., Canoga Perkins Corp., Ciena, Cisco Systems , Cyan ... Inc., Nokia Siemens Networks BC, Omnitron Systems Technology, Imc., Optelian, RAD Data Communications ..., Finance References Reflist External links http www.mrv corporate.com MRV Communications web site ... more details
seealso Telephone numbers in Gibraltar Communications in Gibraltar comprise a wide range of telephony ... telephone exchange in City Mill Lane. The first submarine telegraph Submarine communications ... incumbent telecommunications operator, and the Gibraltar City Council, direct communications between Spain and Gibraltar were established. ref name Telef nica Upon the approval of the Gibraltar ... and therefore entered into a joint venture with Nynex of the United States . Gibraltar Nynex Communications ... Gibraltar Nynex Communications . ref name 2008report http www.gibtele.com Site Files Site Resources ... main Telecom dispute between Gibraltar and Spain Telecommunication services in Gibraltar were subject to Telecom dispute between Gibraltar and Spain Spanish restrictions until February 10, 2007. Subsequent ... agreements with Spanish GSM networks so its mobile phones did not operate in Spain. Gibtelecom had ... customers can now roam on Vodafone Spain Vodafone and Yoigo . Orange Espa a Orange still September ... made International Subscriber Dialling possible. When the frontier with Spain was re opened, telephone ... giving Gibraltar a resilient communications infrastructure. Gibtelecom is also a partner in the EIG ... Loop Unbundling was introduced in Gibraltar, under the 2006 Communications Act, similar to the UK s 2003 Communications Act. Earlier in December 2005, the European Commission initiated the second stage ... five European Union directives on electronic communications, but these were closed after the relevant ... company, began internet services in January 1996, with a 64kbs circuit to Spain. In 2005 it merged ... owned subsidiary of Gibraltar Nynex Communications, commenced services in 1997. GNC Networks was renamed ... Communications Europe began operating on the rock. The company applied for a license in their own ... in Gibraltar See also Gibraltar telecom dispute Gibraltar topics Communications in Europe Telecommunications DEFAULTSORT Communications In Gibraltar Category Communications in Gibraltar ... more details
Infobox Company company name Navajo Communications Company, Inc. company logo company type Subsidiary of Frontier Communications Frontier company slogan foundation 1994 location St. Michaels, Arizona St. Michaels, AZ , United States USA key people industry Telecommunications num employees products Telephone Local Telephone Service revenue parent Frontier Communications Citizens Frontier 1994 present homepage http www.frontier.com www.frontier.com Navajo Communications Company, Inc. is the operating company of Frontier Communications that provides telephone services in Arizona to the Navajo people . It was founded in 1994 ref http www.fcc.gov wcb armis carrier filing history COSA History ctnt.htm FCC COSA history for Navajo Communications Company, Inc. ref when Alltel sold off its operations for the Navajo to Citizens Communications . Citizens later changed its name to the current Frontier Communications. The company is separate from Citizens Telecommunications Company of the White Mountains , which is a Frontier operating company formed in 1996 following the acquisition of former Contel GTE service regions in Arizona . References reflist Frontier Category Frontier Communications Category Companies established in 1994 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 CCM Communications , now part of and operating as Salem Publishing , publishes CCM Magazine . It was founded in June 1978 to publish the namesake magazine. The name changed as the company expanded into radio and the Internet. DEFAULTSORT Ccm Communications Category Christian media Publish corp stub ... more details
In telecommunication , communications survivability is the ability of telecommunication communications systems to continue to operate effectively under adverse conditions, though portions of the system may be damaged or destroyed. Various methods may be used to maintain communications services, such as using alternate routing , different transmission telecommunications transmission media or methods, redundant equipment, and sites and equipment that are radiation hardened . References FS1037C Category Telecommunications terms internet stub ... more details
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