two other uses the BBC website Collective BBC Unreferenced date March 2009 A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together on a specific project s to achieve a common objective. Collectives differ from cooperative s in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving but can be that as well . There may be some issues with meaningfully describing the qualities of a collective. Discursive dilemma Princeton philosopher Philip Pettit says there are hidden challenges of describing the group as though it were a single individual, a metaphorical agent the way the law sometimes talks about corporations. It is a mistake, he says, to think things can be that simple. In reality, it can be difficult to construct a model of the group mind by merely asking for a majority opinion. This is because different questioning can change one s conception of the group completely even if we assume the answers are honest and true . ref name Pettit http philosophybites.com 2010 12 philip pettit on group agency.html ref For example, consider four individuals on an island Alex, Sam, Pat and Joe. The group finds one ... as a collective household , is a group of people who live together in some kind of dwelling or residence, or in some other arrangement e.g. sharing land . Collective households may be organized for a specific ... collective is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole for example, the human collective . A work collective is a type of horizontal collectivism wherein a business functions as a partnership of individual ... collective aims to reduce costs to clients while maintaining healthy rewards for participating ... also Collective farming Collectivism Kibbutz Law collective Mutual aid organization Mutual aid Worker cooperative Workplace democracy Voluntary association Collective bargaining References references External links http web.archive.org web 20050307063955 http www.redemmas.org collectives.shtml Collective ... more details
Wiktionary collective A collective is a group that makes decisions usually with unanimity. Collective may also refer to Nonfictional Collective number , a kind of grammatical number Collective operation , an operation in parallel computing Collective pitch , a flight control in helicopters Collective digital creative agency , a UK based digital creative agency The Collective, Inc. , an American video game company The Ayn Rand Collective , a group of people associated with Ayn Rand and Objectivism during the 60 s and 70 s The Collective film , a group of filmmakers, photographers, and mountain bikers Workers collective , a type of economic labor organization characterized by employee ownership and participation in decision making Collective investment scheme a method for a group to invest together Artist collective , a group of artists who coordinate activities for mutual benefit Musical collective , a flexible type of band Collective farm , a large farm leased from the state to groups of peasant farmers Fictional The Collective comics , a recently introduced Marvel Comics character Collective Man , another Marvel character Collective Law & Order Criminal Intent Collective Law & Order Criminal Intent , an episode of Law & Order Criminal Intent Collective Star Trek Voyager Collective Star Trek Voyager , an episode of Star Trek Voyager disambig es Colectivo fr Collectif pt Coletivo ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Fiction date October 2009 Puffball Collective First Appearance Incredible ... called the Puffball Collective. The Puffball Collective was composed of a multitude of pale yellow thistle like puffballs. The Puffball Collective tried help the Hulk, who had lost all of Bruce Banner s intellect and persona and now had the mentality of a feral animal. The Puffball Collective ... to death. The Puffball Collective would sometime psychically probe Hulk s mind just to get a response out of him. Thought the Puffball Collective could not leave the Crossroads, it and the Hulk had a few .... Later the Hulk and the Puffball Collective became part of the crew of the space vessel Andromeda ... Collective was finally able to leave the Crossroads and help the crew of the Andromeda pursue Klaatu the Energy Eater. After Hulk and the Puffball Collective returned to the Crossroads, the Puffball Collective asked the Hulk to help it return to it homeworld. A world it described as a paradise ... the Crossroads, the gateway to its world was barricaded by chains which the Puffball Collective lacked the strength to break but the Hulk could. Finding the Puffball Collective s world was now a desolate wasteland the Hulk finally learned the truth. The Puffball Collective was once part of a greater worldwide Collective. The small faction of the greater Collective which was the Puffball Collective .... The N Garai demons quickly started killing the worldwide Collective and destroying the planet. When the worldwide Collective discovered that the Puffball Collective was responsible for summoning the N Garai demons, the worldwide Collective exiled the Puffball Collective to the Crossroads instead ... Collective, the Hulk escaped with the help of three parts of his subconscious who manifested themselves ... the chains that had once blocked the gateway to the Puffball Collective s world, leaving the Puffball Collective to be destroyed by the very demons he summoned ages ago. Physical Attributes Abilities ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Envelope Collective is an ongoing collaborative art project that uses mail as a medium. The Envelope Collective was founded by Garrett Miller and Adam Morse on November 3, 2005. Anyone can send anything to the Envelope Collective people from all over the world have sent in everything from boxes of Kraft Mac and Cheese to handmade paper envelope s. On April 11, 2006 The Envelope Collective reached 300 submissions. The Envelope Collective is the largest online collective of Mail art with over 1000 submissions from hundreds of artists. External links http www.envelopecollective.com The Envelope Collective official web site Category Ephemera Category Performance artist collectives art org stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan January 2011 notability May 2009 unreferenced May 2009 The Firehouse Collective is a large scale artist collective in Berkeley, CA . It was founded during the summer of 2006 by graduates of ceramics at California College of the Arts , Tom Franco and Joe Kowalczyk . Early in the development of the collective they met Sara Kagan , and the three became the founding members. Together with the help of various artists they established the artist collective. The collective operates two working artist studios East West Studios in south Berkeley, California and an art classroom and a gallery Firehouse North in the gourmet ghetto of north Berkeley. The Collective is home to over twenty emerging artists, working in various media. It was voted best open studio by Diablo Magazine in its July, 2008 edition. Managers Tom Franco Chris Hawkins Members Empty section date January 2011 Non Studio Members Empty section date January 2011 External links http www.firehousecollective.com Firehouse Collective Firehouse Collective website Category Artist collectives ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Notability date January 2009 The Oxygen Collective is an anarchist environmentalist collective that uses non violent direct action in order to prevent logging . The Oxygen Collective is based in Oregon , the United States . See also Portal box Sustainable development Environment Ecology Earth sciences Energy Sustainability Biodiversity Global warming Ecology Earth Science Natural environment Please Keep This Space For Formatting Purposes. Thank You. blank line space for formatting purposes External links http www.o2collective.org the group s website DEFAULTSORT Oxygen Collective Category Environmental organizations based in the United States poli org stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Collective routing is routing in which a switching center automatically delivers message s to a specified list of destinations. Collective routing avoids the need to list each single Network address address in the message heading . Major relay stations usually transmit messages bearing collective routing indicators to tributary, minor, and other major relay stations. References FS1037C Category Routing telecomm stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2010 cleanup December 2010 unreferenced January 2011 The Braatah Collective pr. bra tah is a medicinal marijuana delivery founded in Carlsbad, California in the Fall of 2010. The collective focuses on sharing and connecting with their patient s. External links http braatah.com Braatah Collective website Category San Diego County, California Category Medicinal use of cannabis organizations based in the United States Category 2010 establishments California stub ... more details
A collective operation is a concept in parallel computing in which data is simultaneously sent to or received from many nodes. Common examples of collective operations are gather in which data is collected from all nodes , scatter in which a set of data is broken up into pieces, and a different piece is sent to all nodes , and broadcast in which the same data is sent to all nodes . Parallel computing frameworks with collective operations Collective operations are present in the following parallel programming frameworks Google s MapReduce framework Message Passing Interface MPI ref http www.mcs.anl.gov research projects mpi mpi standard mpi report 2.0 node144.htm Intercommunicator Collective Operations . The Message Passing Interface MPI standard, chapter 7.3.1. Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory . ref References references Compu network stub Category Programming constructs ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A collective belief is referred to when people speak of what we believe when this is not simply elliptical for what we all believe. sociology Sociologist mile Durkheim wrote of collective beliefs and proposed that they, like all social fact s , inhered in social Group sociology groups as opposed to individual persons. Durkheim s discussion of collective belief, though suggestive, is relatively obscure. philosophy Philosopher Margaret Gilbert has offered a related account in terms of the joint commitment of a number of persons to accept a certain belief as a body. According to this account, individuals who together collectively believe something need not personally believe it themselves. Gilbert s work on the topic has stimulated a developing literature among philosophers. One question that has arisen is whether and how philosophical accounts of belief in general need to be sensitive to the possibility of collective belief. See also Collective behavior DEFAULTSORT Collective Belief Category Belief Philosophy stub Sociology stub There must also be thought given to the idea of collective belief as being a method for a group to come together in a common belief to make things happen that were previously thought impossible unimaginable. ... more details
Cleanup date August 2010 The term collective landscape was introduced to landscape design and landscape planning by Geoffrey Jellicoe Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe . He wrote, on the dust jacket of The landscape of man , that The world is moving into a phase when landscape design may well be recognized as the most comprehensive of the arts. Man creates around him an environment that is a projection into nature of his abstract ideas. It is only in the present century that the collective landscape has emerged as a social necessity. We are promoting a landscape art on a scale never conceived of in history. Definitions It appears that the term was inspired by Carl Jung s use of the term collective unconscious . Jellicoe admired Jung, but the use of collective landscape in the above quotation has something in common with its use in collectivism . Unlike the terms public park and national park , the term collective landscape is a psychological construct and an abstract concept. Collective landscape is therefore best understood as a landscape which exists in the collective unconscious like other public good s, does not belong to any individual Contemporary applications In American contemporary landscape architecture the term collective landscape is used to mean landscape which matters to the community as in the following quotation from the Smokey Mountain News for the week of 10 12 05 The struggle to preserve a collective landscape heritage has been fought and won by the Cherokee once in the past, but is now at risk again. References Geoffrey and Susan Jellicoe, The landscape of man shaping the environment from prehistory to the present day London Thames and Hudson, 1975 See also Geoffrey Jellicoe Landscape architecture Landscape design Landscape planning DEFAULTSORT Collective Landscape Category Landscape Category Landscape architecture Category Landscape design history ... more details
Disputed date March 2011 Infobox company name Casual Collective logo Image CasualCollectiveLogo.png caption ... income net income aum assets equity owner Casual Collective Inc. num employees parent divisions subsid homepage URL http www.casualcollective.com footnotes intl The Casual Collective often abbreviated ... web title Casual Collective Gets 1 Million Seed Funding for Social Games url http www.dmwmedia.com news 2008 11 18 casual collective gets 1 million seed funding social games ref ref cite web title Casual Collective Time Wasters from Dekstop Tower Defense makers url http www.downloadsquad.com 2008 11 19 casual collective time wasters from dekstop tower defense maker ref It developed several games ... Collective is backed by Lightspeed Venture Partners ref cite web title Light Speed Ventures Invests in The Casual Collective url http lsvp.wordpress.com 2008 11 18 were excited to invest in casual collective ref and Trinity Ventures. ref cite web title Trinity Ventures Invests in the Casual Collective ... ref The company s CEO is Will Harbin. ref cite web title Casual Collective Meet the Collective url http www.casualcollective.com about meet the collective ref History File CC Main 27Jan2011.png thumb 220px right The main page of the Casual Collective as it appears today left and appeared before the February 27th, 2011 update right . The Casual Collective company was founded in 2008 ref citeweb title CC Wiki Casual Collective url http wiki.casualcollective.com Casual Collective ref . The Casual Collective website, however, was launched as early as July 2007. ref cite web title Casual Collective ... public. In November 2008, the Casual Collective received 1 million in seed funding from Lightspeed Venture Partners, ref cite web title Casual Collective Grabs 1 Million For Casual Games Development url http paidcontent.co.uk article 419 casual collective grabs 1 million for casual games development ... site was dubbed CC2 . ref cite web title CC Wiki Casual Collective 2 url http wiki.casualcollective.com ... more details
infobox record label image File Subco.jpg founded 2004 country United States US location Greensboro, North Carolina genre Indie rock url http www.subjectivecollective.com The Subjective Collective is a musical collective consisting of several bands and recording projects located in Greensboro, North Carolina . Many are of the indie rock genre, sharing an experimental thread. ref http www.bookrags.com highbeam subjective collective friendships make 20070329 hb Go Triad Article ref The collective started in 2004 with the bands Blank Blank and Kaleidoscope Death ref http www.unctv.org ncvisions 2007 ff kaleidoscope death.html Kaleidoscope Death Documentary ref , and has grown to include many bands which now define the Greensboro sound. ref http google.com search?q cache XjvahtvLlAIJ www.morisen.com Shuffle.pdf 22subjective collective 22 greensboro&cd 30&hl en&ct clnk&gl us&client firefox a Shuffle Magazine Article ref Bands Blank Blank Boa Narrow Casual Curious The Eggs band The Eggs Embarrassing Fruits I ll Think About It Kaleidoscope Death Secret Message Machine Snackster Summer Camp Casanova References reflist External links http www.subjectivecollective.com Subjective Collective Official Site Category Musical collectives ... more details
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population. Collective dose is usually measured in units of person R ntgen equivalent man rem or person sievert s, or man rem or man sievert. References Reflist http www.euronuclear.org info encyclopedia collectivedose.htm European Nuclear Society Glossary http www.hps.org publicinformation ate q525.html Health Physics Society See also Radioactivity Radiation poisoning Ionizing radiation Total effective dose equivalent Deep dose equivalent Cumulative dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent Radiation Category Radioactivity Category Radiation health effects nuclear stub fr Dose collective ... more details
primarysources date February 2010 The Rhizome Collective is a Consensus democracy consensus run 501 c 3 nonprofit organization based on Austin, Texas Austin , Texas , United States USA . It operates an Educational Center for Urban Sustainability and a Center for Community Organizing. History Foundation The collective was founded in 2000. Activities In 2004, the Rhizome Collective received a 200,000 grant from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency to convert an abandoned lot in Montopolis , Austin, into an educational park. The Rhizome Collective operates out of three warehouses on Allen Street in East Austin . These warehouses and the 1 3 acre 1,300 m on which they sit make up the Rhizosphere . In addition to housing the collective, the Rhizosphere is used as a space for the development of urban sustainability practices. The Rhizosphere hosts space for organizations such as Austin Indymedia , the Austin Zine Library , the Inside Books Project , which ships reading material to prison inmates, Bikes Across Borders , and Food Not Bombs . In 2008, Rhizome released Toolbox For Sustainable Living A Do It Ourselves Guide , which has been described by the authors as a DIY guide for creating locally based, ecologically sustainable communities in today s cities. Eviction On March 5th, 2009, the Rhizome Collective received a letter from the Code Enforcement Division of the City of Austin requiring the warehouse from which they operated since 2000 to be vacated. The Collective contacted contractors to evaluate the cost of the modifications required by the city, but in an official communication stated that they did not believe it will be possible to get an estimate, obtain permits and complete the work by the City s deadline , and were appealing ... also Permaculture External links http rhizomecollective.org Rhizome Collective Home Page Anarchism ... Category Anarchist organizations in the United States es Rhizome Collective fa ... more details
Image North Korea Rungrado May Day Stadium 01.jpg thumb Spectator cards complement a mass dance display, Kaeseong , North Korea A collective identity refers to individual s sense of belonging the Identity social science identity to a group the collective . From the perspective of the individual, the collective identity forms a part of his or her Identity social science personal identity . Sometimes, the sense of belonging to a particular group will be so strong that it will trump other aspects of the person s personal identity for example, the person may be willing to assume great risks for the group, even as great as loss of life . Risks Within a collective, agreement is sometimes valued over debate, creating a comfortable cocoon for groupthink . Though this can be overcome through a culture of tolerance for minority opinions or anonymity in the process of the expression of them. See also Collective consciousness Cultural identity Communalism Identity crisis psychology Identity politics Team sport s Collective identity in science fiction Collective identities featured in fiction and in particular, in science fiction may not fit the scientific definition of the term, and may be closer to mind control or the imposition of an artificial identity. Popular examples include Borg Star Trek The Borg House Ordos The Executrix Council The Executrix Council External links http www.globalautonomy.ca global1 glossary entry.jsp?id CO.0075 Globalization and Autonomy Glossary Entry http repositories.cdlib.org csd 01 07 Collective Identity and Expressive Forms http ssh.dukejournals.org cgi content refs 28 3 439 What a Mighty Power We Can Be http www.findarticles.com p articles mi hb3518 is 200212 ai n8309369 Perception of the minority s collective identity and voting behavior The case of the Palestinians in Israel http www.uni kiel.de psychologie ispp references.php references in social pychology http www.history.ucsb.edu faculty marcuse present 972ident.htm http blogs.zdnet.com Ra ... more details
Infobox Company company name DCMA Collective company logo Image Dcma.jpg company type Limited liability company LLC foundation Mid 2005 location Los Angeles, CA br New York, NY key people Joel Madden br Benji Madden br Josh Madden br Tal Cooperman industry Clothing homepage http www.dcmacollective.com DCMA Collective Website DCMA Collective is an American clothing company owned by Joel Madden Joel and Benji Madden , from the band Good Charlotte , their older brother Josh Madden, and their friend Tal Cooperman. History Before the company was called DCMA Collective, it was called MADE Clothing, established in 2005 by Joel Madden, Benji Madden, Josh Madden, and Tal Cooperman. In early 2006 the name was changed to DCMA Collective, and later that year their products became available online. DCMA Collective originally offered only t shirts , but they have since expanded their product line to include hoodies , belt buckles , baseball caps , women s t shirts and hoodies, baby clothes, and shoes . They have collaborated with K Swiss to produce the shoes. The shoes are named K DCMA , merging K Swiss and DCMA together. K DCMA shoes were released online on December 18th, 2008, after a release party the night before which included many celebrities such as Joe Hahn , Tila Tequila , Audrina Patridge , and Nicole Richie . Many celebrity friends of the Madden twins have worn DCMA Collective clothing ... now I got Bathing Ape , I got DCMA . DCMA Collective Store The first DCMA Collective Store opened on March 15th, 2008, in Los Angeles, California. It sells all products made by DCMA Collective ... States US url http www.dcmacollective.com DCMA Collective Website DCMA as a record label Though it has not yet been confirmed, it has been speculated that DCMA Collective will become a record label ... links http www.dcmacollective.com DCMA Collective Website http www.dcmastore.com Purchase DCMA Collective ... Clothing brands DCMA Collective Category Good Charlotte fr DCMA Collective Special Thanks to Jake ... more details
Musical collective is a phrase used to describe a group of musicians in which membership is flexible and creative control is shared. Such entities have transitioned from the traditional hierarchical configuration that features either a frontman e.g. The Cure s Robert Smith musician Robert Smith , or Trent ... been especially prominent in indie rock and hip hop . A musical collective is distinct from a musicians collective, such as the London Musicians Collective which is an organisation with more general ... the music is credited. In one type, the collective is centred around a record label which releases music by its member bands. Although musicians in the collective collaborate with each other, the resulting albums are always credited to a specific band or artist within the collective, rather than to the collective itself. For example, artists associated with the The Elephant Six Collective Elephant ... was the label , and was never credited as the band name on an associated album. In the other type, the collective ... credited directly to the collective as an entity in its own right, such as Broken Social Scene ... with other members of the collective. Also, almost as an in between, collectives are appearing that have ... collectives Acappella group Acappella Ambiances Magnetiques AMM group Amon D l I Amungus Animal Collective ... Practice Crass The Damnwells The Desert Sessions Diggin in the Crates Crew Doomtree Dufay Collective Dungeon Family Early Day Miners The Elephant 6 Recording Company The Elephant 6 Collective Fence Collective F IRE Collective Godspeed You Black Emperor Grateful Dead The Hidden Cameras Hello ... Antler Collective Lansing Dreiden Living Legends The Mountain Goats Native Tongues Posse The New ... Section Silk Road Project Soulquarians So Solid Crew Streetlight Manifesto Subjective Collective ... also Collective Artist collective Leaderless resistance Collectives often share the anarchic streak ... 11 collectivesouls.php Collective Souls This Magazine article on musical collectives Category Musical ... more details
Collective wisdom , also called group wisdom and co intelligence , is an emerging phenomenon researched ... research in subtopics of collective wisdom are being applied to new approaches to individual .... Definition Collective wisdom is shared knowledge arrived at by individuals and groups, used to solve problems and conflicts of all humanity. Crowd wisdom is used to describe the dark side of collective ... or group think. Collective intelligence , which is sometimes used synonymously with collective wisdom, is more of a shared decision process than collective wisdom. Unlike collective wisdom, collective intelligence it is not uniquely human, and has been associated with animal and plant life. Collective intelligence is basically consensus driven decision making, whereas collective wisdom is not necessarily focused on the decision process. Collective wisdom is a more amorphous phenomenon which can be characterized by collective learning over time. History Collective wisdom, which may be said to have a more distinctly human quality than collective intelligence, is contained in such early ... truth, the point of collective wisdom is to make life easier more enjoyable through understanding human behavior, whereas the point of collective intelligence is to make life easier more enjoyable through the application of acquired knowledge. While collective intelligence may be said to have more mathematical and scientific bases, collective wisdom also accounts for the spiritual realm of human behaviors and consciousness. Thomas Jefferson referred to the concept of collective wisdom ... Thomas Hobbes uses his Leviathan to illustrate how mankind s collective consciousness grows to create collective wisdom. mile Durkheim argues in The Elementary Forms of Religious Life 1912 that society ... and time, thereby achieving collective wisdom. 19th century Prussian physicist Gustav Fechner argued for a collective consciousness of mankind, and cited Durkheim as the most credible scholar in the field ... more details
distinguish Collective guilt For the British Parliamentary discipline Cabinet collective responsibility Unreferenced date September 2009 Collective responsibility is a concept or doctrine, according to which individuals are to be held responsible for other people s actions by tolerating, ignoring, or harboring them, without actively collaborating in these actions. In religion This concept is found in the Old Testament or Tanakh , some examples include the account of the Noah s Ark Flood , the Tower of Babel , Sodom and Gomorrah and in some interpretations, the Book of Joshua s Achan . In those records entire communities were punished on the act of the vast majority of their members, however it is impossible that there weren t any innocent people, or children too young to be responsible for their deeds. The practice of blaming the Jews for Jesus death is the longest example of collective responsibility. In this case, the blame was cast not only on the Jews of the time but upon successive generations. However, the Second Vatican Council essentially absolved the Jewish people from the charge of deicide in Nostra Aetate , the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non Christian Religions. In Western literature and society The concept is also present in Western literature, most ... s crew who died of thirst because they approved of one crew member s killing of an albatross . Collective ... members. Collective guilt, or guilt by association, is the controversial collectivist idea that groups ... Bad Boys 1983 film Bad Boys are two cultural examples of this. Likewise collective punishment is often ... the existence of collective guilt. During WWII, on the territory of occupied Poland, German ..., the termed collective responsibility is beginning to be more widely used. See also Achan Collective ... External links sep entry collective responsibility Collective Responsibility DEFAULTSORT Collective Responsibility Category Political theories Category Sociology Category Collective punishment Category ... more details
7535 music interview diy venue spotlight the lollybot collective ref The collective was founded ... for Creative Studies in Detroit. Key Members There is no set membership in the collective, artists participate in the collective s shows on a revolving door basis. Yet there are many key members who have participated with the collective since it s conception and are main supporters. Adam Ziskie br ... by The Lollybot Collective at various Detroit Art Galleries ACCIDENTAL SHOW October 27, 2007 ... list. References Reflist External links http www.lollybotcollective.com Lollybot Collective website http www.lollybot.blogspot.com Lollybot Collective blog Category Artist collectives Category American ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 A collective trauma is a traumatic psychological effect shared by a group of people of any size, up to and including an entire society. Traumatic events witnessed by an entire society can stir up collective sentiment, often resulting in a shift in that society s culture and mass actions. Well known collective traumas include The John F. Kennedy assassination in the United States , the Estonia disaster in Sweden, the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States and various others. Collective traumas have been shown to play a key role in group identity formation see Gestalt psychology Law of Common Fate . During World War II , a US submarine, the USS Puffer SS 268 , came under several hours of depth charge attack by a Japanese surface vessel until the ship became convinced the submarine had somehow escaped. Psychological studies later showed that crewmen transferred to the submarine after the event were never accepted as part of the team . Later, US naval policy was changed so that after events of such psychological trauma, the crew would be dispersed to new assignments. Examples of contemporary collective traumas include 9 11 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Hurricane Katrina References reflist Category Social psychology ... more details
The Jane Collective was an underground abortion service which operated in Chicago, Illinois from 1969 to 1973. The collective was started by women when they realized that many illegal abortion providers were not doctors. Since illegal abortions were also dangerous and very expensive, founding members of the collective believed that they could provide safer, cheaper abortions. During the years which Jane operated, the collective performed more than 12,000 abortions, for about 25.00 per procedure on loan, if the woman was unable to pay at the time. The collective gradually disbanded after Roe v Wade made abortion legal throughout the United States in 1973. References references The Story of Jane the Legendary Underground Feminist Abortion Service Laura Kaplan, University of Chicago Press, 1995. Jane An Abortion Service, a film by Kate Kirtz and Nell Lundy http www.wmm.com filmcatalog pages c410.shtml http www.cwluherstory.com CWLUFeature Janearticles.html Articles about Jane from Hyde Park Voices. abortion stub Category Abortion in the United States Category American abortion providers Category American pro choice activists ... more details
merge collective bargaining date February 2011 A collective agreement is an agreement between employers and employees which regulates the terms and conditions of employees in their workplace, their duties and the duties of the employer. It is usually the result of a process of collective bargaining between an employer or a number of employers and a trade union representing workers. Germany See also German labour law Expand section date April 2010 United Kingdom See also UK labour law TULRCA 1992 In the United Kingdom, collective agreements are conclusively deemed to be not legally binding under the Trade Union and Labour Relations Consolidation Act 1992 section 179. This presumption may be rebutted when the agreement is in writing and contains an explicit provision asserting that it should be legally enforceable. This reflects the tradition in British industrial relations policy of legal abstentionism from workplace disputes. United States See also US labor law NLRA Expand section date April 2010 See also Labour law Labour economics Notes reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Collective Agreement Category Labour law de Tarifvertrag es convenio colectivo fa ... more details
notability Music date August 2008 unreferenced date August 2008 UFO Collective Seminal Rave organization established in Cape Town, South Africa in 1990 by Carl Mason and Jesse Stagg . Key members of the collective were artist UK artist Nik Jevons, Massimo Loi, Jerome Wagner, DJ Will Hutton aka DJ Will Travel and UK DJ Chris Powell. UFO collective was responsible for staging the first African Rave the World Peace Party in 1991 and conceiving Africa s first dedicated House Music club, Eden. UFO Collective s offshoot design group was the Paint Possee. Specializing in a number of interior design projects, murals and other public arts projects, the Paint Possee had a vivid post modern psychedelic style based heavily on ancient Maya civilization Mayan artwork. The number of e s at the end of the word Posse signed in a mural or artwork, indicated the amount of artists in this loose arts collective at any given time. Category South African electronic music groups ... more details
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