Infobox language name Cocama nativename Kok ma ethnicity Cambeba people Cambeba et al. states Per , Brazil , Colombia speakers 2,050 date 2000 familycolor American fam1 Tupian languages Tupian fam2 Tupi Guarani languages Tupi Guarani fam3 Tupi Subgroup III iso3 cod Cocama Kok ma is an Indigenous peoples indigenous language spoken by thousands of native people in western South America . It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali , lower Mara n river Mara n , and Huallaga River Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia . There are three dialects. The robust dialect is known as Cocama, Kokama, Ucayali, Xibitaoan, Huallaga, Pampadeque, and Pandequebo. As of 1999, Cocamilla Kokam ya was moribund, being only spoken by people over 40. Omagua dialect Omagua Om wa of Peru is reported to be extinct by Aikhenvald 1999, Out of a projected ethnic population of 15,000, the majority of Cocama speakers, 2,000, live in Per . Remaining speakers live in Amazonas state in Brazil, where 50 out of 411 ethnic Chayahuitas speak it and it is known as Kokama or Kokamilla. Most speakers are trilingual and can also speak Portuguese and Spanish. Very few are monolingual. There are 20 ethnic groups in Colombia s Lower Putumayo area with an unknown number of CocamaCocamilla speakers. Most expected speakers would also be trilingual, but the language may be extinct in the region. Cocama speakers have a 3 literacy rate, compared with 50 for Spanish. Grammar rules have been developed and the language is written using the Latin alphabet . Parts of the Bible have been translated into the language. References http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code cod Ethnologue Category Languages of Peru Category Tupi Guarani languages Category Languages of Colombia na lang stub br Kokomeg de Cocama es Idioma cocamacocamilla eo Kokoma lingvo hr Cocama it CocamaCocamilla pt L ngua cocama qu Kukama simi uk ... more details
The official language of Colombia is Spanish language Spanish , of which Colombian Spanish is the local variety. The indigenous languages spoken in Colombia are also official in the territories in which they are spoken. ref name constitution http pdba.georgetown.edu Constitutions Colombia col91.html Constitution of Colombia, 1991 Article 10 es icon ref Sign Languages Colombian Sign Language Providence Island Sign Language Colombian numerals Indigenous languages The many languages of the country s ethnic groups are constitutionally recognized as official languages in their territories. In places with non Spanish linguistic traditions, bilingual education is obligatory. More than 60 Indigenous peoples aboriginal languages exist today. Among others Bora language Bora Cocama Cocamilla Cocoma language Cocoma Cof n language Cof n Cuiba language Cuiba Guahibo language Guahibo Guayabero language Guayabero Kuna language Kuna Macagu n language Macagu n Minica Huitoto Murui Huitoto Paezan languages Playero language Playero P ez language P ez San Andr s Providencia Creole Ticuna language Ticuna Uw Cuwa Wayuu language Wayuu References reflist Colombia topics state collapsed South America in topic Languages of DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Colombia Category Languages of Colombia bn br Yezho Kolombia es Lenguas de Colombia ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Image Huallaga River.jpg thumb 300px A view of the Huallaga Image Huallagarivermap.png thumb 250px Map of the Amazon Basin with the Huallaga River highlighted The Huallaga River is a tributary of the Mara n River , part of the Amazon Basin . Old names for this river include Guallaga and Rio de los Motilones . The Huallaga is born on the slopes of the Andes in central Peru and joins the Mara n before the latter reaches the Ucayali River to form the Amazon River Amazon . Its main affluents are the Monz n, Mayo, Biabo, Abiseo and Tocache rivers. Coca is grown in most of those valleys, which are also exposed to periodic floods. For nearly its entire length the Huallaga is an impetuous torrent running through a succession of gorge s. It has forty two rapids pongos and it crosses the Andes, forming the Pongo de Aguirre gorge. From this point, convert 140 mi km from the Amazon, the Huallaga can be ascended by larger river boats lanchas to the port city of Yurimaguas , Loreto Region Loreto . The Huallaga is divided in two, before and after it passes the city of Juanju the Alto Huallaga Upper Huallaga and the Bajo Huallaga Lower Huallaga , because the terrain changes from the slopes of the Andes to the swamps of the Amazon Rainforest . Between the Huallaga and the Ucayali lies the famous Pampa del Sacramento, a level region of stoneless alluvial lands covered with thick, dark forests, first entered by Christian missionaries in 1726. It is about convert 300 mi km long, from north to south, and varies in width from 40 to 100 kilometers. Many streams, navigable for canoe s, penetrate this region from the Ucayali and the Huallaga. In addition to peasants, it is still occupied by many indigenous peoples of the Americas indigenous communities, such as the Cocama Cocamilla . Eric Fleming who played Trail Boss Gil Favor in the long running Western series Rawhide was killed in the Huallaga River. During the shooting of location shots on the Huallaga ... more details
of the Chambira Basin http www.upf.com book.asp?id DEANXS07 , the Candoshi , and the CocamaCocamilla peoples. The Mara n river serves also as a frame for one of the most important ... more details
anchor cob I E Chicomuceltec Cocopa language coc anchor coc I L Kwikapa Cocopa CocamaCocamilla language cod anchor cod I L CocamaCocamillacocamacocamilla Koreguaje language coe anchor coe I L Koreguaje ... more details
The following is a partial list of cultures related to South American Indigenous peoples . seealso Indigenous peoples in South America expand list date February 2011 div style font size 95 moz column count 2 column count 2 Abip n people Abip n Achuar Aguaruna Alacalufe Amahuaca people Amahuaca Amazonian Kichwas Arawaks Ashaninca Atacame os Aymara people Aymara Ayoreo Aw Banawa Barasana Bora people Bora Ca aris Caiapos Cambeba Caritiana Charca people Charca Chasa Chibcha Cinta Larga Cocama language Cocama Cof n Cumanagoto Cuncos D w people D w Diaguitas Chayahuita Emerillon Enxet Fuegian G Guarani people Guaran Guarayo people Guarayo Guaycuru peoples Guaycuru Huambisa people Huambisa Huaorani Juma people Juma Juris Kali na people Kali na Kamayur Karaj people Karaj Kaweshkar Kayapo Korubo Machiguenga people Machiguenga Macuna Mapuche Mascho Piro Mats s Mura people Mura Nambikwara people Palikur people Palikur Panar Parintintin Pehuenche Pirah people Pirah Quechuas Quichua Rapanui Satere Mawe Secoya people Secoya Shipibo Shiwar Shuar people Shuar Siona people Siona Suru Tapirap people Tapirap Taromenane Tehuelche people Tehuelche Tetete people Tetete Ticuna Tucano people Tucano Tupi people Tupi Xucuru Urarina Wai wai people Wai Wai Wari Wayampi Wayana Yagua Yanesha people Yanesha Y nomam Ye kuana Yuracar Zaparos Zoa tribe Zoa div See also Portal Indigenous peoples of the Americas Archaeology of the Americas List of pre Columbian cultures Metallurgy in pre Columbian America Pre Columbian South America Pre Inca cultures South America topic Indigenous peoples in Indigenous peoples of the Americas Pre Columbian History of the Americas Indigenous peoples by continent DEFAULTSORT South American Indigenous People Category Indigenous peoples of South America Category Ethnic groups in South America Category History of indigenous peoples of the Americas Category History of South America fa ... more details
Other uses Unreferenced date December 2009 Nauta is a bustling small town situated in the northeastern area of the Peru vian Amazon Rainforest Amazon roughly 100 km south of the Province s capital, Iquitos . Established by Manuel Pacaya Samiria a leader of the Cocama peoples following the 1830 uprising at the Jesuit mission of Lagunas, Nauta soon became the primary commercial hub of the Peru vian selva baja known also as Omagua , or the Amazonian lowlands See William Smyth and Frederick Lowe, 1836 204, 258 . In 1853, a Brazil ian owned steam propelled paddle wheeler made it all the way to the town of Nauta, located on the north bank of the major Upper Amazon ian tributary, the Mara n River , a few miles from the confluence of the R o Ucayali Edward Mathews, 1879 . Nauta is the primary destination of the only major road leading out of Iquitos, and is a staging area for several ecotourism lodges and ships on the Mara n River. Coord missing Peru Category Geography of Peru Peru geo stub es Nauta pt Nauta qu Nawta war Nauta ... more details
Taxobox name Dalaca regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Hepialidae genus Dalaca genus authority Francis Walker entomologist Walker , 1856 Dalaca is a genus of moth s of the family Hepialidae . There are 23 described species found throughout South America as far north as Panama . The larva e feed on grass es. Species D. chilensis Chile D. chiriquensis Panama D. cocama Peru D. crocatus Chile D. cupifera Peru D. guarani Brazil D. katharinae Brazil D. laminata Chile D. manoa Colombia D. mummia Brazil D. niepelti Ecuador D. nigricornis Chile D. obliquestrigata Peru D. pallens Chile D. patriciae Argentina D. perkeo Colombia D. postvariabilis Argentina D. quadricornis Argentina D. stigmatica Paraguay D. tapuja Colombia D. usaque Colombia D. variabilis Chile D. vibicata Ecuador External links http www.sciencebuff.org genera and species.php Hepialidae genera Category Hepialidae Hepialidae stub ... more details
Schaefer , 1997 Otocinclus caxarari O. caxarari , Schaefer, 1997 Otocinclus cocama O. cocama , Roberto Esser dos Reis Reis , 2004 zebra oto ref name cocama cite journal url http www.ufrgs.br ni vol2num3 5CArtigo01 Reislowr.pdf last Reis first Roberto E. year 2004 title Otocinclus cocama, a new uniquely ... more details
Languages Red Book ISO 639 3 cht Ethnologue entry Ethnolink cht Cholon language Language CocamaCocamilla language Comments No. Speakers Source Red Book of Endangered Languages Red Book ISO 639 3 cod Ethnologue entry Ethnolink cod CocamaCocamilla language Language Culina language Comments Madija ... more details
Infobox language family name Tupi Guarani region Brazil , Bolivia , French Guiana , Paraguay , Peru familycolor American fam1 Tupian languages Tupian child1 Guaran languages Guaran child2 Guarayu Siriono Jora child3 Tupi child4 Subgroup IV child5 Subgroup V child6 Subgroup VI child7 Kamayur language Kamayur child8 Subgroup VIII child9 ? Aur language Aur child10 ?Pauserna sil 364 16 Tupi Guarani Audio Br TupiGuarani.ogg pronunciation is the name of the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America . It includes fifty languages, including the best known languages of the family, Guarani language Guarani and Old Tupi Tupi . Words like jaguar , tapioca , jacaranda , anhinga , carioca , and capoeira are of Tupi Guarani origin. Languages Rodrigues 1984 1985 proposed eight tentative branches of Tupi Guarani Guaran languages Guaran Subgroup I Guarayu Siriono Jora Subgroup II Guarayu language Guarayu , Sirion language Sirion Yuqui , Jor language Jor Hora Tupi Subgroup III Old Tupi language Old Tupi lingua franca dialect Tup Austral , Tupinamba language Tupinamba dialects Nheengatu , Sc aka L ngua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguara language Potigu ra , Cocama language Cocama , Tupiniquim language Tupinikin Subgroup IV Akw wa language Akw wa dialects Asurin , Suru do Par , Parakan , Av Canoeiro language Av Canoeiro , Tapirap language Tapirap , Teneteh ra language Teneteh ra dialects Guajajara , Temb Subgroup V Xing Asurin language Xing Asurin , Kayab language Kayab , possibly Arawet language Arawet Subgroup VI Apiac language Apiac , Kawah b language Kawah b numerous varieties , ? Uru Pa In language Uru Pa In Kamayur language Kamayur Subgroup VII Subgroup VIII Anamb language Anamb , Amanay language Amanay , Emerillon language Emerillon , Guaja language Guaja , Wayampi language Wayampi , Zo language Zo , Takunyap language Takunyap , Turiw ra language Turiw ra , Kaapor language Urub Kaapor Two extinct langu ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Province Peru region Loreto Region Loreto founded cofarms province Loreto capital Nauta elevation 111 pop 63515 density 0.9 area 67434.12 districts 5 web map Image Location of the province Loreto in Loreto.svg 250px mayor ubigeo 1603 The Loreto Province is one of the seven Provinces of Peru provinces in the Loreto Region of Peru . The capital of the province is the historic town of Nauta . This biologically and culturally diverse region includes the Pacaya Samiria National Reservation , and is also home to many indigenous people s, such as the Cocama , Cambeba people Omagua , and Urarina people Urarina , as well as peasants ribere os who live off the land and aquatically rich rivers. Political division The province is divided into five districts. Nauta District Nauta Nauta Parinari District Parinari Parinari, Peru Parinari Tigre District Tigre Intutu Trompeteros District Trompeteros Villa Trompeteros Urarinas District Urarinas Concordia, Loreto Province Concordia Places of interest Pucacuro Reserved Zone Provinces of Loreto Region Coord missing Peru Loreto geo stub es Provincia de Loreto fr Province de Loreto it Provincia di Loreto ka xmf nl Loreto provincie pl Prowincja Loreto pt Loreto prov ncia qu Luritu pruwinsya ru war Loreto lalawigan ... more details
Roberto Esser dos Reis , Brazil ian Doctor of Science D.Sc. and Ichthyology ichthyologist . Among other duties, Doctor title doctor dos Reis has been working at the University of S o Paulo , Brazil, and the University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor , United States USA . Most of his research as an ichtyologist regards different types of South America n catfish for instance, he is the author of the species Zebra oto Otocinclus cocama , Reis 2004 . He is also a member of the Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission , and advises the World Conservation Union IUCN on the Biology biological aspects of the Conservation biology conservation of threatened species . Dr. Reis is an author of over 50 original journal papers, 14 book chapters, and four books. Dr. Reis is Curator of Fishes at the Pontificia Universidade Cat lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Chief Editor of the Checklist of Freshwater Fishes from Central and South America CLOFFSCA , and past President of the Brazilian Ichthyological Society. Dr. Reis is an authority on the systematics and biodiversity of Neotropical catfishes and has to date with colleagues described 63 species. References http lattes.cnpq.br 8894513268293611 Curriculum Vit Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. pt icon Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Reis, Roberto Esser Dos ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ichthyologist study of fish DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Reis, Roberto Esser Dos Category Brazilian scientists Category Brazilian ichthyologists Category Living people Brazil scientist stub zoologist stub ... more details
Alternative use Ucayali Region Image Ucayalirivermap.png thumb 250px Map of the Amazon Basin with the Ucayali River highlighted The Ucayali River lang es R o Ucayali , IPA es ri.o uka ali IPA arises about convert 110 km mi abbr on north of Lake Titicaca , in the Arequipa region of South America . The Amazon River takes its name close to Nauta city 100 km away from Iquitos , in the confluence among Ucayali and Mara n river Mara n rivers. The Ucayali, together with Apur mac River , Ene River , and Tambo River Peru Tambo River , is today considered the main headwater of the Amazon River , totaling a length of convert 2669.9 km mi from the source of the Apur mac at Nevado Mismi to the confluence of the Ucayali and Mara n River s Apur mac River total length 730.7 km Ene River total length 180.6 km Tambo River total length 158.5 km Ucayali River confluence with Tambo River to confluence with the Mara n 1,600.1 km The Ucayali was first called San Miguel , then Ucayali , Ucayare , Poro , Apu Poro , Cocama and Rio de Cuzco . Peru has fitted out many costly and ably conducted expeditions to explore it. One of them 1867 claimed to have reached within convert 380 km mi abbr on of Lima , and the little steamer Napo forced its way up the violent currents for convert 124 km mi abbr on above the junction with the Pachitea River as far as the Tambo River, convert 1240 km mi abbr on from the confluence of the Ucayali with the Amazon. The Napo then succeeded in ascending the Urubamba River Urubamba branch of the Ucayali convert 56 km mi abbr on above its union with the Tambo, to a point convert 320 km mi abbr on north of Cusco Cuzco . The remainder of the Urubamba, as shown by Bosquet in 1806 and Fran ois Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau Castelnau in 1846, is interrupted by cascades, reefs and numberless other obstacles to navigation. Torres, who explored the Alto Ucayali for the Peruvian government, gives it a length of convert 186 mi km , counting ... more details
Taxobox name Hypoptopomatinae image Otocinclus cocama.jpg image width 250px image caption Zebra Oto Otocinclus cocama regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo catfish Siluriformes familia Loricariidae subfamilia Hypoptopomatinae subfamilia authority Carl H. Eigenmann Eigenmann and Rosa Smith Eigenmann Eigenmann , 1890 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Tribe Hypoptopomatini br Acestridium br Hypoptopoma br Nannoptopoma br Niobichthys br Otocinclus br Oxyropsis br Tribe Otothyrini br Corumbataia br Epactionotus br Eurycheilichthys br Hisonotus br Microlepidogaster br Otothyris br Otothyropsis br Parotocinclus br Pseudotocinclus br Pseudotothyris br Schizolecis br incertae sedis Gymnotocinclus Hypoptopomatinae is a scientific classification subfamily of catfish es order biology order Siluriformes of the family biology family Loricariidae . Hypoptopomatinae is a monophyly monophyletic assemblage within the family Loricariidae. ref name Ribeiro It is composed by 17 genus genera and approximately 80 species . ref name Ferreira cite journal url http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2007f zt01386p068.pdf title Corumbataia britskii Siluriformes Loricariidae Hypoptopomatinae a new species from the upper Rio Paran basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil first Katiane M. last Ferreira coauthors Ribeiro, Alexandre C. journal Zootaxa volume 1386 pages 59 68 year 2007 format PDF ref This subfamily represents about one tenth of all loricariid species. ref name Reis cite journal url http digitallibrary.amnh.org dspace bitstream 2246 3154 1 N3254.pdf title New Cascudinhos from Southern Brazil Systematics, Endemism, and Relationships Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae authorlink Roberto Esser dos Reis first Roberto E. last Reis coauthors ... more details
end, there are communities of Cocama Indians who are involved in reserve management and managing .... The Pacaya Samiria National Reserve is working with the local Cocama Indians to guarantee that both the natural and human worlds can co exist in harmony. Whilst their dress has changed, the Cocama ... to develop management plans that incorporate both the needs of the Cocama people and the conservation ... more details
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