wiktionarypar cluster A cluster is a small group or bunch of something. In science Cluster physics , a small group of atoms or molecules Cluster chemistry , an array of bound atoms intermediate in character between a molecule and a solid Cluster sampling , a sampling technique used when natural groupings are evident in a statistical population Cluster analysis , a technique for statistical data analysis Consonant cluster , in linguistics In astrophysics Star cluster , groups of stars which are gravitationally bound Galaxy groups and clusters , large gravitationally bound objects Globular cluster , a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite Cluster mission , a European Space Agency mission to study the magnetosphere In biology and health sciences Cancer cluster , in biomedicine, an occurrence of a greater than expected number of cancer cases Cluster headache , a neurological disease that involves an immense degree of pain Cluster of differentiation , protocol .... Winter cluster , in beekeeping, a well defined cluster of honey bees in cold temperatures Cluster epidemiology , a grouping of cases of disease Genetic cluster , a group of genes or proteins, or metabolites ... Cluster computing , a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely Data cluster , a group of disk sectors used in a File Allocation Table In music Tone cluster , a musical chord comprising at least three consecutive tones in a scale Cluster band , a German rock band Cluster Italian musical group , an a cappella jazz fusion group from Genoa, Italy Cluster album Cluster album , the 1971 eponymous album by the band ClusterCluster , a track from the album Ben Bu Sarkiyi Sana Yazdim by Cem Adrian Cluster One , the first track on Pink Floyd s 1994 album The Division Bell In engineering A bicycle cogset , either a freewheel, or cassette The instrument cluster of an automobile Other Cluster bomb , air dropped or ground launched shells Cluster diagram , general type of diagram, which ... more details
The term cluster in astronomy , astrophysics , and cosmology may refer to Galaxy groups and clusters Star cluster Globular cluster disambig ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Apropos Cluster Type Album Artist Cluster band Cluster Cover Apropos cluster.jpg Released 1991 Recorded 1989 1990 Genre Krautrock br Kosmische Musik br Experimental Music br Electronic music br Ambient Music Length Label Curious Music Producer Cluster band Cluster Reviews Last album Old Land br 1985 This album Apropos Cluster br 1991 Next album One Hour br 1995 Apropos Cluster is the ninth full length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster band Cluster . It was also their first album after an eight year long hiatus. In 1989 Dieter Moebius and Hans Joachim Roedelius reunited to the delight of their fans, recording Apropos Cluster during 1989 and 1990 in Blumau , Austria . The album was released on the Curious Music label in 1991. It was Cluster s first U.S. release. Apropos Cluster is musically and structurally similar to Grosses Wasser though it lacked the rhythmic tracks of the 1979 release, instead comprising a mixture of gentle, ambient pieces in the four shorter tracks followed by the nearly 22 minute long, more experimental title piece. Emmental became the signature track for Cluster. It was included on the 1997 live album First Encounter Tour 1996 and was often performed live by Roedelius at solo concerts during the band s second hiatus. Apropos Cluster was reissued on the Swirldisc Records label on August 23, 1996. Track listing Grenzganger 7 24 Emmental 3 24 Gespiegelt 6 58 Falls 2 57 Apropos Cluster 21 41 Personnel Hans Joachim Roedelius Dieter Moebius Stanislaw Michalik bass on Emmental References Curry, Russ http www.thing.de delektro www eng cluhist.html A Curious History of Cluster Retrieved August 17, 2007. Discogs http www.discogs.com release 232071 Retrieved August 19, 2007. Category 1991 albums Category Cluster albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
unreferenced date June 2008 Galaxy cluster name Horologium Cluster image epoch J2000 ra RA 0 0 dec DEC 0 0 constellation Horologium member no brightest member other names The Horologium cluster is a Galaxy groups and clusters cluster of galaxies which is a part of the Horologium Supercluster . It is 900 million light year s away from the Milky Way . See also Horologium Supercluster galaxy stub Category Horologium Supercluster ko ms Gugusan Horologium ... more details
Ndb Cluster is the distributed database system underlying MySQL Cluster . It can be used independently of a MySQL Server. From the MySQL Server perspective the Ndb Cluster is a Database engine Storage engine for storing tables of rows. From the Ndb Cluster perspective, a MySQL Server instance is an API process connected to the Cluster. Ndb Cluster can concurrently support access from other types of API processes. All API processes can operate on the same tables and data stored in the Ndb Cluster. Standalone Ndb Cluster Ndb Cluster has the following capabilities independent of any attached MySQL Server Persistent, distributed storage of tables with unique or ordered indexes Redo logging, checkpointing, system recovery Primary key, unique key, table scan and ordered index scan Parallel scan execution with pushed down filters Row locks, transactional updates Synchronous data replication within the cluster, automatic failover recovery Automatic connection failover for API processes Standard SQL datatypes including Blobs etc. Storage of data on disk Asynchronous data change triggers mechanism Data Definition Language DDL operations although independent DDL will not currently be recognised by any attached MySQL servers Online index add, online table alter Online add node, table reorganisation Online backup Online upgrade MySQL Cluster Ndb Cluster MySQL Server s MySQL Cluster currently uses the MySQL Server to provide the following capabilities on top of Ndb Cluster SQL parsing optimising execution capability Connectors to applications via JDBC , ODBC ... Cross table Join SQL join ... Ndb Cluster is often configured as a MySQL Cluster An Ndb Cluster with attached MySQL Server processes ... Server use the NDBAPI ref name NdbApiDocs http dev.mysql.com doc ndbapi en index.html The MySQL Cluster API Developer Guide ref C client library to connect to the Ndb Cluster and perform operations. It is currently recommended that at least one MySQL Server is connected to an Ndb Cluster to perform ... more details
Notability date September 2010 Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Image Kaisquish1.jpg thumb 200px right Kai LEXX Kai holding the baby Cluster lizard Squish Cluster lizards are a fictional species of carnivorous reptile on the science fiction series Lexx . These lizards exist on The Cluster in the Light Zone , where they are sometimes used as a means of capital punishment. They often roll themselves into a tire shape when moving, and somewhat resemble large armored centipedes . They are especially fond of eating blain fresh. A female Cluster lizard experiences a form of oestrus once every seven years. At the end of the cycle, she eats her mate. In the series, the character Zev Bellringer Zev , later Xev, becomes half Cluster lizard when she is condemned to be transmogrified into a love slave a rogue Cluster lizard interrupts the process and their DNA is combined. Not only can she roll up and scream like a Cluster lizard, but the lizard DNA gives her the capacity to deal with extended desert conditions. Additionally, Cluster lizards respond to her as they would other Cluster lizards. Lexx Category Lexx Category Fictional lizards Scifi stub ... more details
A Cluster diagram or clustering diagram is a general type of diagram , which represents some kind of cluster. A cluster in general is a group or bunch of several discrete items that are close to each other. ref Lemma http en.wiktionary.org wiki clustercluster at Wiktionary . Retrieved Sept 18, 2008. ref The cluster diagram figures a cluster, such as a network diagram figures a computer network network ... arranged kind of cluster diagram. A cluster diagram is a Mesh networking mesh kind of network diagram ... diagram a Tree and hypertree networks tree type of network diagram. Types of cluster diagrams Specific types of cluster diagrams are br Gallery Image Skyscrapercompare.svg Comparison diagram of sky scraper Image M3 color magnitude diagram it.jpg Astronomic cluster diagram of the Messier 3 globular cluster Image Biositemap iTools NCBC.png Biositemap diagram Image EvaporacaoDeNuvem.png Cluster chart in brainstorming Gallery br In architecture a comparison diagram is sometimes called a cluster ... Cluster Diagram at skyscrapernews.com. Retrieved 18 september 2008. Comment This illustration depicts a comparison diagram , but yet is called a cluster diagram . ref In astronomy diagrams of star cluster , galaxy groups and clusters or globular cluster . In brainstorming a cluster diagrams is also ... www.enchantedlearning.com graphicorganizers cloud Cluster Cloud Diagrams at enchantedlearning.com. 2003 2009. Accessed Nov 17, 2009. ref Also, the term cluster diagrams is sometimes used as synonym of mind map s . ref http www.brainstorming that works.com cluster diagrams.html Cluster diagrams are another ... Image IEEE 802.15.4 cluster tree.png Computer network diagram Image WorldWideWebAroundWikipedia.png ... , file system s and internet can be considered cluster diagrams. In information visualization specific ... in the shape of a cluster diagram. In quantum field theory for example, according to Crawford 1998 , the called coupled cluster diagram is a simple diagrammatic formalism popularized by Kucharski and Bartlett ... more details
distinguish clustered file system Image Disk structure.svg thumb 300px Disk structure br A track br B geometrical sector br C Disk sector track sector br D cluster file system cluster In computer file system s, a cluster is the unit of disk space allocation for files and directories. To reduce the overhead of managing on disk data structures, the filesystem does not allocate individual disk sector s, but contiguous groups of sectors, called clusters. On a disk that uses 512 byte sectors, a 512 byte cluster contains one sector, whereas a 4 kibibyte KiB cluster contains eight sectors. A cluster is the smallest logical amount of disk space that can be allocated to hold a file. Storing small files on a filesystem with large clusters will therefore waste disk space such wasted disk space is called slack space . For cluster sizes which are small versus the average file size, the wasted space per file will be statistically about half of the cluster size for large cluster sizes, the wasted space will become greater. However, a larger cluster size reduces bookkeeping overhead and fragmentation, which may improve Reading computer reading and writing speed overall. Typical cluster sizes range from 1 sector 512 B to 128 sectors 64 Kibibyte KiB . A cluster need not be physically contiguous on the disk it may span more than one track disk drive track or, if Interleaving Interleaving in disk storage sector interleaving is used, may even be discontiguous within a track. This should not be confused with Disk fragmentation fragmentation , as the sectors are still logically contiguous. See also Block data storage External links http www.ntfs.com hard disk basics.htm Sectors 20and 20Clusters Sectors and Clusters Category Computer file systems Category File system management bg cs Cluster pevn disk de Cluster Datentr ger es Cl ster sistema de archivos fr Bloc disque dur id Cluster sistem berkas hu Adat cluster mk nl Cluster bestandssysteem ja ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Cluster II Type Album Artist Cluster band Cluster Cover Cluster II.jpg Released 1972 Recorded January, 1972 Genre Krautrock br Kosmische musik br Experimental music Experimental br Electronic music Electronic br Ambient music Ambient Length 45 09 Label Brain Records Brain Producer Cluster band Cluster & Conny Plank Conrad Plank Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r311678 pure url yes link Last album Cluster album Cluster br 1971 This album Cluster II br 1972 Next album Zuckerzeit br 1974 Cluster II is the second full length album by Germany German electronic music outfit Cluster band Cluster and their first album with the band reduced to a duo. Conny Plank , who was credited as a member on the first album, decided to concentrate on production and engineering. Plank is still credited as a composer together with Hans Joachim Roedelius and Dieter Moebius on all tracks. Cluster II was recorded at Star Studio in Hamburg , Germany in January, 1972. It was Cluster s first release for legendary Krautrock label Brain Records , a relationship which would last until 1975 and include the subsequent album Zuckerzeit as well as the first two Harmonia band Harmonia albums, a group which included both remaining members of Cluster and Michael Rother of Neu . Cluster II continued the transition away from the discordant, proto industrial ... as the eponymous first Cluster album had unnamed pieces. Julian Cope included Cluster II in his Krautrock Top 50. ref Cope, Julian http www.midsuffolk.unisonplus.net Top 2050.htm Cluster A Krautrock ... reissues on Universal in 2004 and Revisited in 2007. Track listing small All tracks by Cluster band Cluster small Plas 6 00 Im S den 12 50 F r die Katz 3 00 Live in der Fabrik 14 50 Georgel ... delektro www eng cluhist.html A Curious History of Cluster Retrieved August 17, 2007. Category 1972 albums Category Cluster albums Category Albums produced by Conny Plank ... more details
Solaris Cluster sometimes Sun Cluster or SunCluster is a high availability cluster software product for the Solaris ... on a network, electronic commerce websites , or other applications. Sun Cluster operates by having redundant ... computer cluster.jpg thumb Sun Microsystems Solaris Cluster Background Solaris Cluster provides services that remain available even when individual nodes or components of the cluster fail. Solaris Cluster provides two types of HA services failover services and scalable services . To eliminate single points of failure, a Solaris Cluster configuration has redundant components, including multiple ... software such as Solaris Cluster is a key component in a Business Continuity solution, and the Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition was created specifically to address that requirement. Solaris Cluster ... code to Solaris Cluster via the OpenSolaris HA Clusters community. ref cite web url http www.networkworld.com news 2007 062707 sun to donate cluster code.html title Sun offers up Solaris clustering ... ref Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition SCGE is a management framework that was introduced in August 2005. It enables two Solaris Cluster installations to be managed as a unit, in conjunction with one ..., high availability , POSIX compliant filesystem internal to Solaris Cluster nodes. Global devices in Sun Cluster are made possible by PxFS. ref cite web url http blogs.sun.com SC en US ... 2008 07 15 publisher Sun Microsystems date 2008 07 11 ref Supported applications Solaris Cluster ... others there is also a wizard software wizard which allows the cluster implementer to create agents for other applications. See also Computer cluster SunPlex Manager , GUI used to view the status and administer some aspects of Solaris Cluster References Reflist External links http www.oracle.com us products servers storage solaris cluster 067314.html Solaris Cluster webpage at Oracle http www.opensolaris.org ... attachments 24543510 820 4690.pdf Sun BluePrint Using Solaris Cluster and Sun Cluster Geographic ... more details
A Cluster manager usually is a backend GUI or command line software that runs on one or all cluster nodes in some cases it runs on a different server or cluster of management servers. The cluster manager works together with a cluster management agent. These agents run on each node of the cluster to manage and configure services, a set of services, or to manage and configure the complete Cluster computing cluster server itself see super computing . In some cases the cluster manager is mostly used to dispatch work for the cluster or cloud computing cloud to perform. In this last case a subset of the cluster ... to send work and get back work results from a cluster. In other cases the cluster is more related to high ... Microsoft Cluster Server Cluster Server , from Microsoft http www.brightcomputing.com Bright Cluster Manager.php Bright Cluster Manager , from http www.brightcomputing.com Bright Computing See also Grid network Hypercube Cluster Management Papers http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 1153919.1154083&coll ... Management Agent for Multi Institutional Grids Springer Journal Cluster Computing Volume 5 ... the job management perspective Cluster Computing, 2003. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International Conference ... for Scalable Enterprise Cluster Computing IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing Cluster 00 , 2000. http punch.purdue.edu HubInfo publications 2000 sc suma.pdf Performance and Interoperability Issues in Incorporating Cluster Management Systems within a Wide Area Network Computing ... Model for Autonomic Cluster Computing Autonomic Computing, 2006. ICAC 06. IEEE International ... publications limaye05job site.pdf Job Site Level Fault Tolerance for Cluster and Grid environments IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing Cluster 2005 http www.lri.fr Rapports internes ... ParSchedSurvey05TR.pdf A Short Survey of Commercial Cluster Batch Schedulers Category Parallel computing Category Telecommunications Category Cluster computing de Cluster Manager pt Gestor de cluster ... more details
Cluster theory is a theory of strategy . Alfred Marshall , in his book Principles of Economics , published in 1890, first characterised cluster s as a concentration of specialised industries in particular localities that he termed industrial district s. ref http www.ewu.edu groups cbpacea 2002FallArticles clustertheoryandpractice advantagesforthesmallbusinesslocatinginavibrantcluster.pdf ref References reflist economics stub Category Economic theories ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A GPU cluster is a computer cluster in which each node is equipped with a Graphics Processing Unit GPU . By harnessing the computational power of modern GPUs via General Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units GPGPU , very fast calculations can be performed with a GPU cluster. Hardware GPU The hardware classification of GPU clusters fall into two categories Heterogeneous and Homogeneous. Heterogeneous Hardware from both of the major Independent hardware vendor IHV s can be used ATi and nVidia . Even if different models of the same GPU are used i.e. 8800GT mixed with 8800GTX the gpu cluster is considered heterogeneous. Homogeneous Every single GPU is of the same hardware class, make, and model. i.e. a homogeneous cluster comprising 100 8800GTs, all with the same amount of VRAM Classifying a GPU cluster according to the above semantics largely directs software development on the cluster, as different GPUs have different capabilities that can be utilized. Hardware Other Interconnect In addition to the computer nodes and their respective GPUs, a fast enough interconnect is needed in order to shuttle data amongst the nodes. The type of interconnect ... act as one include Operating System GPU driver for the each type of GPU present in each cluster ... to run a GPU cluster is somewhat similar to mapping an algorithm to run on a traditional computer cluster . Example rather than distributing pieces of an array from RAM, a texture is divided up amongst the nodes of the GPU cluster. References and external links cite book author Are Magnus Bruaset ... publisher Birkh user year 2006 isbn 3 540 29076 1 http www.iacat.uiuc.edu resources cluster NCSA s Accelerator Cluster http www.ncsa.illinois.edu kindr papers ppac09 paper.pdf GPU Clusters for High Performance Computing http www.cse.scitech.ac.uk disco cseht cseht.shtml GPU cluster at STFC Daresbury Laboratory Category Cluster computing Category Graphics hardware nl GPU cluster ... more details
Infobox Journal cover File Cluster Computing.jpg discipline Computer clustering abbreviation publisher Baltzer Science Publishers country United States USA frequency history 1998 to present Citation needed date February 2007 openaccess website http www.ece.arizona.edu hpdc cluster ISSN 1386 7857 Cluster Computing the Journal of Networks, Software Tools and Applications is a journal for parallel processing , distributed computing systems, and computer communication networks. Category Computer science journals Category Cluster computing Category Publications established in 1998 Category English language journals Category Springer academic journals Category Quarterly journals journal stub ... more details
unref date February 2008 MySQL Cluster is a technology which provides Shared nothing architecture shared ... and high performance, while allowing for nearly linear scalability. fact date January 2011 MySQL Cluster is implemented through an additional storage engine available within MySQL called Ndb Cluster NDB or Ndb Cluster NDBCLUSTER NDB stands for N etwork D ata b ase . Architecture MySQL Cluster has a few important concepts behind its design, which add both benefits and burdens. Replication MySQL Cluster ... copies known as replicas of the data are required to guarantee availability however, the cluster ... Cluster Replication or geographical replication . See http dev.mysql.com doc refman 5.1 en mysql cluster replication.html MySQL Cluster Replication . Horizontal data partitioning Data within NDB ... can define their own partitioning schemes. Hybrid Storage MySQL Cluster allows datasets larger than the capacity of a single machine to be stored and accessed across multiple machines. MySQL Cluster maintains ... . Storing non indexed columns on disk allows MySQL Cluster to store datasets larger than the aggregate memory of the clustered machines. MySQL Cluster writes Redo log Redo logs to disk for all data changes as well as check pointing data to disk regularly. This allows the cluster to consistently recover from disk after a full cluster outage. As the Redo logs are written Asynchronous communication asynchronous ... cluster fails. The current default asynchronous write delay is 2 seconds, and is configurable ... replication within the cluster. When a MySQL Cluster table is maintained in memory, the cluster ... and limited random access patterns are involved, MySQL Cluster can achieve higher write throughput rates ... Cluster is designed to have no single point of failure . Provided that the cluster is set up correctly, any single node, system, or piece of hardware can fail without the entire cluster failing. Shared ... MySQL Cluster uses three different types of nodes processes Data node ndbd process These nodes ... more details
orphan date August 2009 CLUSTER, abbreviation of Collaboration for Leadership in Urban Science Teaching, Evaluation, and Research. It is a collaboration among the City College of New York CCNY , the New York Hall of Science NYHoS and the Center for Advanced Study in Education at the City University of New York CUNY . The fellowship is supported by the National Science Foundation ref http www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu rstein Cluster cluster.html Professor Richard N. Steinberg s Introduction on CLUSTER Fellowship ref . The CLUSTER fellowship is opened to undergraduate science degree seeking students who have a strong desire for teaching and learning. Prospective fellows should consult their advisers in their majors before applying as the fellowship is coursework and time demanding. References reflist External links http cluster.qiji.us Discussion Forum for CLUSTER Fellows. Category Science education ... more details
Cluster name Snowflake Cluster image epoch J2000.0 class open cluster constellation Monoceros ra dec dist ly 2.4 lightyear kly dist pc appmag v size v mass kg mass msol radius ly v hb age notes names NGC 2264 The Snowflake Cluster is a cluster in Monoceros and is included in NGC 2264 . Name The star s appear to have formed in regularly spaced intervals along linear structures in a configuration that resembles the spokes of a wheel or the pattern of a snowflake . Hence, astronomers have nicknamed their new discovery the Snowflake Cluster. Information Scientists believe that these are very young protostar s, or newborn stars. At a mere 100,000 years old, these infant structures have yet to crawl away from their location of birth. Over time, the natural drifting motions of each star will break this order, and the snowflake design will be no more. The Spitzer Space Telescope Spitzer observations show that just as theory predicts, the density and temperature of the initial star forming cloud dictates the spacing between the protostars. External links http www.spitzer.caltech.edu Media happenings 20051222 index.shtml Spitzer Spots Stellar Snowflake on the Christmas Tree Cluster http www.physorg.com news9311.html Spitzer Unveils Infant Stars in the Christmas Tree Cluster http www.spitzer.caltech.edu Media mediaimages sig sig05 028.shtml Stellar Snowflake Cluster http tomsastroblog.com ?p 530 The Christmas Tree Cluster NGC2264 star cluster stub Category Monoceros constellation Category Open clusters tr Kar tanesi y ld z k mesi zh ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 Update date November 2009 School Cluster North 5 , or N5 Cluster , is a government school zone for several primary education primary and secondary education secondary schools in northern Singapore , under the Ministry of Education Singapore Ministry of Education . The school cluster zone of North 5 is currently led by superintendent Marian Chia Siew Yong based in the Ministry of Education Singapore Ministry of Education headquarters at North Buona Vista Drive. There are 14 schools within the N5 cluster zone the primary schools are Admiralty, Evergreen, Marsiling, Qihua, Sembawang and Woodlands Ring, while the secondary schools are Evergreen, Marsiling Secondary School Marsiling , Riverside, Sembawang, Woodlands and Woodlands Ring two other schools, the Singapore Sports School and Innova Junior College , are also within the cluster zone. Cluster activities in N5 include the annual North Zone National Education Symposium , Parents Symposium and Mathematics Sharing Conference . See also Education in Singapore External links http www.n5cluster.org School Cluster North 5 Category School clusters in Singapore Asia school stub ... more details
Orphan date May 2008 Image Nor TechPortableCluster2007.jpg right The Portable Cluster is a brand of mobile computer cluster , available from Nor Tech ref cite web title Nor Tech Home url http www.nor tech.com accessdate 2008 05 03 ref , that houses rackmount computer components in a shock mounted case. The Portable Cluster is designed to run on standard power configurations and can operate up to 96 processor cores on two 110VAC 20 amp circuits or up to 52 processor cores on a single 20 amp circuit. The Portable Cluster was developed to be a practical high performance computing option for universities that need to share equipment between labs and campuses. Nor Tech also offers a ruggedized model of the Portable Cluster which adheres to applicable USA United States Defense Standards such as MIL STD 108 , MIL STD 648 and MIL STD 810 . The ruggedized model also features a breather valve to regular pressure inside the case during shipment. More information is available on the Portable Clusters website. References references External links http www.portableclusters.com PortableClusters.com stub category tag goes here Category Cluster computing Category Parallel computing Category Concurrent computing Category Supercomputers Computer cluster ... more details
No footnotes article date November 2007 mergefrom Cluster effect discuss Talk Business cluster Proposed merger from Cluster effect date November 2008 A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected ... 6, p77, ref . It is also a very important aspect of business strategies. This term industry cluster , also known as a business cluster , competitive cluster , or Porterian cluster , was introduced and the term cluster popularized by Michael Porter in The Competitive Advantage of Nations 1990 . The importance ... by Paul Krugman in Geography and Trade 1991 . Cluster development has since become a focus for many ... Kingdom many perceive there to be four methods by which a cluster can be identified The geographical cluster as stated above Sectoral clusters a cluster of businesses operating together from within the same ... Park , Birmingham Horizontal cluster interconnections between businesses at a sharing of resources level e.g. knowledge management Vertical cluster i.e. a supply chain cluster It is also expected ... the productivity of the companies in the cluster, by driving innovation in the field by stimulating .... A business cluster is a geographical location where enough resources and competences amass and reach ... The process of identifying, defining, and describing a cluster is not standardized. Individual economic consultants and researchers develop their own methodologies. All cluster analysis relies ... and industry agglomeration include The Cluster Mapping Project for the USA , conducted by the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School The European Cluster Observatory ... a geographical area. The cluster effect in the capital market also led to a cluster effect in the labor ... there. Generalization The cluster effect can be more easily perceived in any urban agglomeration ... to find whole streets of them. The cluster effect is similar to but not the same as the network ... than the sum of its causes, and as it occurs spontaneously, the cluster effect is a usually cited ... more details
Galaxy cluster name Antlia Cluster image Deleted image removed Image Antlia Cluster.jpg 300px epoch J2000 ... S0636 The Antlia Cluster or Abell S0636 ref name NakM is a Galaxy groups and clusters cluster of galaxies located in the Hydra Centaurus Supercluster . The Antlia Cluster is the third nearest to our Local Group after the Virgo Cluster and Fornax Cluster . ref name Cite journal bibcode 2008MNRAS.386.2311S title Galaxy populations in the Antlia cluster I. Photometric properties of early type galaxies ... P. Richtler, Tom Cellone, Sergio A. Aruta, Cristian Infante, Leopoldo postscript None ref The cluster ..., and Gomez, p.1 Dirsch, Richtler, and Bassino p.1 ref The Antlia Cluster should not be confused with the Antlia Dwarf Galaxy. ref name DirR Dirsch, Richtler, and Bassino pp.1 12 ref The cluster is classified, as a rare Bautz morgan type III cluster ref Hopp and Materne, p.93 Nakazawa, Makishima, Fukazawa, and Tamura, p.1 ref , meaning the cluster has no dominating brightest cluster galaxy cD . ref Guthrie, p.15 ref Although, this cluster is dominated by two massive elliptical galaxies , NGC 3268 and NGC 3258 , the cluster has about 234 galaxies in total. ref Dirsch, Richtler, and Bassino p.1 Nakazawa Makishima Fukazawa and Tamura, p.624 ref The cluster is very dense compared to other clusters ..., and Bassino p.1 ref The Cluster is split into two groups, The Northern subgroup gravitating around NGC 3268, and the Southern subgroup centered around NGC 3258. ref name DirR The cluster has an overall redshift of z 0.0087, implying the cluster like most objects in the universe are expanding ... Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics ASCA , X ray observations show the cluster is almost ... Dwarf galaxies in the Antlia Cluster First results . ArXiv.org. Dirsch, Richtler, and Bassino 2003 http arxiv.org pdf astro ph 0307200 The Globular Cluster Systems of NGC 3258 and NGC 3268 in the Antlia Cluster . ArXiv.org. Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. h4465 Guthrie, B. N. G. 1974 http ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Cluster Type Album Artist Cluster band Cluster Cover Cluster71.jpg Released 1971 Recorded 1971 Genre Krautrock br Kosmische Musik br Experimental Music ... album This album Cluster br 1971 Next album Cluster II br 1972 Cluster is the eponymous first full length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster band Cluster . It is also the only album on which Conny Plank Conrad Plank is credited as a member. Cluster was recorded at Star Studio in Hamburg , Germany in January, 1971. It was Cluster s only release for the Philips Records Philips label. Cluster ... of Cluster publisher The Thing Berlin date 1996 05 url http www.thing.de delektro www eng cluhist.html ... by Conny Plank. Thom Jurek, writing Allmusic review, describes Cluster , in part as ...a dislocating ...... ref name AMG Cluster71 cite web last Jurek first Thom coauthors title Cluster 71 work .... ref Amazon.com http www.amazon.com Cluster 71 dp B000BZN1A0 editorial review ref blockquote The Wire places Cluster s self titled debut album in their One Hundred Records That Set The World On Fire ... The album was reissued with new artwork and a new title, Cluster 71 , by Sky Records in 1980. Cluster ... Discogs2 cite web title Cluster 71 publisher Discogs url http www.discogs.com release 618326 accessdate ... label. The Water reissue restored the original Philips cover art but retains the Cluster 71 name. A 1,000 copy limited remastered edition of Cluster 71 with the original Sky LP cover art was reissued by the Japanese Captain Trip label on September 20, 2007. ref name Captain Trip cite web title CLUSTER ... release 262961 ClusterCluster Retrieved February 20, 2008. Ground and Sky http www.progreviews.com reviews display.php?rev clus 71 Cluster 71 Review Retrieved August 18, 2007. External references ..., 2007. Prog Archives http www.progarchives.com album.asp?id 8117 Cluster 71 Retrieved October 7, 2007. Category 1971 albums Category Philips Records albums Category Cluster albums Category Debut albums ... more details
In beekeeping , a winter cluster is a well defined cluster of honey bee s that forms inside a Beehive beekeeping beehive when the air temperature dips below 54 to 57 F 12 to 14 C . Honey bees are but a few insects that survive the winter as a hive. As the outside air temperature decreases the winter cluster becomes tighter and more compact. The bees cling tightly together on the Honeycomb combs in the hive. The temperature within the winter cluster remains remarkably warm regardless of the outside air temperature. Larger clusters basketball size have a better chance for survival than smaller clusters softball size . The winter cluster within the hive must move throughout the winter to reach the available honey stored in the combs. Some die off is expected during the winter. In extended cold weather periods, the incidence of Diseases of the honey bee Nosema Nosema disease increases and the cluster may weaken as many bees begin dying off. Brood honey bee Brood nest In subtropical climates, bees may not form a winter cluster at all. Worker bee s forage and queen bee queens lay eggs almost year round. In the temperate zones, winter temperatures dip below 54 F 12 C for extended periods. All brood rearing stops for some period during the winter. In early spring, brood rearing resumes inside the winter cluster when the queens starts to lay eggs again. Once a broodnest is established, the cluster must maintain a steady temperature between 94.1 to 98.0 F 34.5 36.7 C inside the cluster. If the temperature in areas of the brood nest dips too low the brood dies also called Diseases of the honey bee Chilled brood chilled brood . References Basil Furgala. 1975. Chapter XVI Fall Management and the Wintering of Productive Colonies. In The hive and the honeybee . Dept. of Entomology, University of Minnesota , Dadant. Charles D.Owens http www.beesource.com pov usda thermology techbulletin1429.htm THE THERMOLOGY OF WINTERING HONEY BEE COLONIES Category Beekeeping Bee stub ... more details
distinguish Centaurus Supercluster Centaurus A M83 Group Galaxy cluster name Centaurus Cluster image Image Centaurus cluster.jpg 320px caption Chandra X ray Observatory Chandra X ray image showing the inner 6.7 arcminutes of the core of the Centaurus cluster. This image shows the hot intracluster medium , at temperatures of a few tens of million kelvins. constellation Centaurus ra RA 12 48 51.8 ref name ned cite web title NASA IPAC Extragalactic Database work Results for Centaurus Cluster url http nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu accessdate 2006 10 19 ref dec DEC 41 18 21 ref name ned z 3418 km second s ref name ned size v 180&prime ref name ned member no 100 ref name ned brightest member NGC 4696 other names Abell catalogue Abell 3526 ref name ned Image NGC 4696 captured by the Hubble Space Telescope .jpg NGC 4696 a cosmic question mark. Credit ESA Hubble and NASA 320px left thumb The Centaurus Cluster A3526 is a Groups and clusters of galaxies cluster of hundreds of galaxy galaxies , located approximately 155 million light year s away in the Centaurus constellation. The brightest member galaxy is the elliptical galaxy NGC 4696 11m . The Centaurus cluster shares its supercluster, the Hydra Centaurus Supercluster , with IC4329 Cluster and Hydra Cluster . The cluster consists of two different sub groups of galaxies with different velocities. ref Lucey J.R., Currie M.J., Dickens R.J., 1986, MNRAS , 221, 453, http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1986MNRAS.221..453L ref Cen 30 is the main subgroup containing NGC 4696 . Cen 45 is moving at 1500 km s relative to Cen 30, and is believed to be merging with the main cluster. External links WikiSky name The Centaurus Cluster z 9 References reflist br Sky 12 48 49.3 41 18 40 116000000 Category Centaurus Cluster Category Centaurus constellation Category Abell objects 3526 Category Hydra Centaurus Supercluster galaxy stub fr Amas du Centaure ja tr Erbo a k mesi zh ... more details
Infobox Cluster name Arches Cluster image Image ESO Arches Cluster.jpg Arches cluster 250px caption Arches Cluster of young, massive stars. This image was obtained with NACO adaptive optics system on ESO s Very Large Telescope . credit epoch J2000 constellation Sagittarius constellation Sagittarius ra RA 17 45 50.5 dec DEC &ndash 28 49 28 dist ly 25 kly dist pc 8.5 kpc notes Optically obscured names The Arches Cluster is the densest known star cluster in the Milky Way, and is located about 100 light years away from the center of our Milky Way galaxy , in the constellation Sagittarius constellation Sagittarius . Due to extremely heavy optical extinction astronomy extinction by dust in this region, the cluster is obscured in the visual bands, and is observed in the X ray astronomy X ray , Infrared astronomy infrared , and radio astronomy radio bands. The radius of the cluster is approximately one light year . It contains about 150 young, very hot stars that are many times larger and more massive than our Sun. ref cite news title Espinoza et al. The massive star initial mass function of the Arches cluster publisher Astronomy and Astrophysic date 2009 url http dx.doi.org 10.1051 0004 6361 20078597 accessdate 0 ref Such stars live for only a few million years before exhausting their hydrogen fuel, due to their extreme luminosity . The cluster also contains hot gas, produced in shock wave shock s by collisions among the massive, high velocity stellar wind s flowing outwards from the stars. This star cluster and the Quintuplet cluster , another massive young cluster in the region, are estimated to be two to four million years old. The most massive of their stars are expected to become ... Space Telescope to observe about a thousand stars in the Arches cluster and found no stars ... thumb alt Arches Cluster. False color IR image of the Arches Cluster. References reflist External links http www.eso.org public images eso0921a The Arches Cluster ESO Image Gallery http hubblesite.org ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
