For the scientific journal Cladistics journal Template Evolutionary biology Cladistics Ancient Greek ... of life science tree of life , a monophyletic group. Cladistics can be distinguished from other ... or the sharing of Homology biology homologous features. Cladistics is also distinguished by an emphasis ... to a claim that cladistics is more objective than systems which rely on subjective judgements of relationship based on similarity. ref Harvnb Phillips 2000 ref Cladistics originated in the work of the German ... of his 1966 book the use of the terms cladistics and clade was popularized by other researchers. The technique ... are now very commonly used in the generation of cladograms. Cladistics, either generally ... Harvnb James Pourtless IV 2009 p 21ff. ref raising the issue of whether cladistics as actually practised ... reptiles are derived from a common ancestor, his method cladistics forces the cladist to recognize ... of cladistics The term clade was introduced in 1958 by Julian Huxley , cladistic by Cain and Harrison ... formulation until the end of the 1980s cladistics remained a minority approach to classification. However ... genetic features of organisms as well as to anatomical ones. ref Harvnb Baron H eg 2005 ref Cladistics ... 1982 p 221 ref to some methods of today s cladistics namely Distance matrices in phylogeny distance ... to define a group in a system based on cladistics. anchor apomorphy anchor synapomorphy Apomorphy ... readable format Cladistics makes no distinction between extinct and extant species, ref Harvnb Scott ... characteristics that are preserved in fossils, are more likely to include extinct species. Cladistics ... of nomenclature monophyletic. Ernst Mayr in 1985 drew a distinction between the terms cladistics ... as mere genealogy should be terminologically distinguished as cladistics . To lump the two ... they detract from cladistics emphasis on clades monophyletic groups . In contrast, proponents of the use ... issue 4 cite journal last Ashlock first Peter D. year 1974 title The uses of cladistics journal ... more details
Infobox journal title Cladistics cover File Cladistics cover.gif Image Cladistics cover.gif editor James M. Carpenter frequency Bimonthly discipline Cladistics history 1985 present country publisher Wiley Blackwell impact 4.929 impact year 2009 ISSN 0748 3007 eISSN 1096 0031 website http www.wiley.com bw submit.asp?ref 0748 3007 link1 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 ISSN 1096 0031 currentissue link1 name Online access link2 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 ISSN 1096 0031 issues link2 name Online archive Cladistics is a bimonthly Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal publishing research in cladistics . It is published by Wiley Blackwell on behalf of the Willi Hennig Society . Cladistics publishes academic publishing papers relevant to evolution , systematics , and integrative Biology integrative biology . Papers of both a conceptual or philosophy of science philosophical nature, discussions of methodology, empirical studies on taxonomic groups from animals to bacteria, and applications of systematics in disciplines such as genomics and paleontology are accepted. Five types of paper appear in the journal review journal review s, regular papers, forum papers, letter to the editor letters to the editor , and book review s. According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2009 impact factor of 4.929, ranking it 7th out of 45 journals in the category Evolutionary Biology . Its editor in chief is Dennis Stevenson. External links Official 1 http www.wiley.com bw submit.asp?ref 0748 3007 http www.cladistics.org Willi Hennig Society Category Evolutionary biology journals Category Phylogenetics Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals Category Wiley Blackwell academic journals Category Publications established in 1985 pl Cladistics nl Cladistics tijdschrift ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In cladistics or phylogenetics , an outgroup is a monophyletic group of organisms that serves as a reference group for determination of the evolution ary relationship among three or more monophyletic groups of organisms. The chosen outgroup is hypothesized to be rather closely related to the other groups, but less closely than any single one of the other groups is to each other. The evolutionary conclusion from this is that the outgroup branched from the parent group before the other two groups branched from each other. Some examples, with outgroup on the right Human s, chimpanzee s gorilla s Placental mammal s, Marsupial s Monotreme s Tetrapoda , Actinopterygii Elasmobranchii Chordate s, Echinoderm s Mollusk s biology stub Category Phylogenetics it Outgroup hu K lcsoport kladisztika pl Grupa zewn trzna zh ... more details
Summary Cover of the biological journal Cladistics . Source http www38.homepage.villanova.edu jacqueline.webb Cladistics Cover copy.gif Webb Publications . Fair use rationale Non replaceable image of the journal cover essential for a complete article. To be used in Cladistics journal only. Licensing Non free magazine cover Category Academic journal covers ... more details
Outgroup may refer to Outgroup sociology , a social group Outgroup cladistics , evolutionary history concept disambig hu K lcsoport egy rtelm s t lap ... more details
Stratocladistics is a method of making phylogenetic inferences using both geological and morphobiological data. It follows many of the same rules as cladistics , using Bayesian logic to quantify how good a phylogenetic hypothesis is in terms of debt and parsimony . However, in addition to the morphological debt that is used to determine phylogenetic dissimilarities in cladistics, there is also stratigraphic debt which adds the dimension of time to the equation. Category Phylogenetics ... more details
Three taxon analysis or TTS, or three item analysis is a cladistic based method of phylogenetic reconstruction. Introduced by Nelson and Platnick 1991 ref Nelson and Platnick, 3 Taxon statements a more precise use of parsimony, Cladistics, 1991 ref to reconstruct organisms phylogeny, this method can also be applied to biogeography biogeographic areas . See also Cladistics References references phylo Category Phylogenetics fr Analyse trois l ments ... more details
Taxobox name Dromopoda image image caption image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Arachnid a subclassis Dromopoda subclassis authority Shultz, 1990 ref cite journal author Jeffrey W. Shultz year 1990 title Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 6 issue 1 pages 1 38 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.1990.tb00523.x ref subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Opiliones Pseudoscorpion es Scorpion es Solifugae Dromopoda is a Class biology subclass of the Arachnida arachnids , including the Opiliones harvestmen , Scorpion s, Pseudoscorpion s and Solifugae camel spiders . The latter three are sometimes grouped as Novogenuata . However, morphological analysis showed the Dromopoda to be monophylic only when fossils were not taken into account. ref cite journal author Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Ward C. Wheeler & Courtney Babbitt year 2002 title Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones a combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 18 issue 1 pages 5 70 pmid 14552352 url http research.amnh.org scicomp pdfs wheeler Giribet etal2002.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2002.tb00140.x ref References Reflist Category Arachnids arachnid stub ... more details
wiktionary subclade Subclade may be Subclade, any taxonomic clade which is subordinate to hierarchically higher clades, especially Subclade, a subgroup of a clade Subclade , a subgroup of a genetic haplogroup a subgroup of a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup a subgroup of a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup See also Cladistics disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Otheruses In genetics , subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup . It is commonly used today in describing genealogical DNA test s of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup s and human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup s. See also Clade Cladistics Category Genetics Category Genetic genealogy Genetics stub ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Strepsiptera familia Bahiaxenidae familia authority Bravo et al. , 2009 genus Bahiaxenos genus authority Bravo et al. , 2009 species B. relictus binomial Bahiaxenos relictus binomial authority Bravo et al. , 2009 Bahiaxenos relictus is the monotypic sole member of the family Bahiaxenidae , a type of winged insect. It was only discovered and described in 2009 from relictual sand dune s associated with the Rio S o Francisco in Bahia, Brazil . It is considered to be the most basal living member of the order Strepsiptera , and therefore is the sister taxon to the remaining extant taxon extant species . It is known from only a single male specimen, and its biology is unknown. References cite journal author Freddy Bravo, Hans Pohl, Alberto Silva Neto & Rolf G. Beutel year 2009 title Bahiaxenidae, a living fossil and a new family of Strepsiptera Hexapoda discovered in Brazil journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 25 issue 6 pages 614 623 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2009.00264.x Category Strepsiptera Category Monotypic animal genera insect stub no Bahiaxenos relictus ... more details
TOCright Scientific classification may refer to Chemical classification Taxonomy , the practice and science of categorization Biology Biological classification Alpha taxonomy , the science of finding, describing and naming organisms Linnaean taxonomy , the classic scientific classification system Cladistics , a newer way of classifying organisms, based solely on phylogeny Virus classification , naming and placing viruses Astronomy Stellar classification Galaxy morphological classification See also Categorization , general Classification of the sciences Peirce Systematic name disambig eu Sailkapen zientifiko argipena jv Klasifikasi lmiah pt Classifica o cient fica desambigua o vi Ph n lo i khoa h c nh h ng ... more details
Stephen Sherman is a professor of theoretical archaeology , and is director of the Institute of Archaeology at the University College London . Shennan focuses on cultural evolution and Darwinian archaeology, applying theories from evolutionary ecology and cladistics to archaeology. In July 2006, Shenann was elected Fellow of the British Academy . Bibliography nofootnotes date May 2010 Genes, Memes and Human History Darwinian Archaeology and Cultural Evolution . 2002. Thames & Hudson . Quantifying Archaeology . 1997. Edinburgh University Press External links http www.ucl.ac.uk archaeology staff profiles shennan.htm Shennans profile at UCL Category British archaeologists Category Living people ... more details
Taxobox name Beech ferns italictitle image Phegopteris hexagonoptera1.JPG image width 240px image caption Phegopteris hexagonoptera in spring regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Pteridopsida ordo Athyriales familia Thelypteridaceae genus Phegopteris subdivision ranks Species subdivision Phegopteris connectilis Phegopteris hexagonoptera Phegopteris decursive pinnata Phegopteris aurita Phegopteris torresiana Phegopteris is a genus of fern s known collectively as the Beech ferns . Traditionally this genus included only the first three species listed. However, recent genetic evidence clearly shows that the genera Macrothelypteris and Pseudophegopteris , as well as other segregate taxonomy segregates from the genus Thelypteris , are closely related to Phegopteris in a single cladistics clade , and so are now included as Phegopteris species . External links http www.borealforest.org ferns fern16.htm Category Thelypteridaceae da Egebregne Phegopteris fr Phegopteris nl Phegopteris no Hengevingslekten pl Zachy ka ro Phegopteris ... more details
Taxobox name Batrachosauria fossil range Carboniferous Recent includes amniotes regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sarcopterygii superordo Reptiliomorpha unranked familia Batrachosauria subdivision ranks Groups subdivision Seymouriamorpha br Cotylosauria br Solenodonsaurus br Westlothiana lizziae br Diadectomorpha br Amniota Batrachosauria Frog Saurians is a name given either to very reptile like amphibians dating from the Carboniferous and Permian periods, or to amniotes and those amphibians very closely related to them. In current Cladistics cladistic schems, Batrachosauria is the sister clade to the Anthracosauria Anthracosauroidea Characteristics From the Palaeos website Intercentrum reduced large Canine tooth canine like maxilla ry tooth See also Reptiliomorpha Reference External link Palaeos http www.palaeos.com Vertebrates Units 190Reptilomorpha 190.300.html Batrachosauria Batrachosauria Category Reptiliomorphs paleo stub ka ru uk ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hemiptera familia Reduviidae subfamilia Peiratinae genus Rasahus genus authority Amyot and Serville, 1843 Rasahus is a Neotropical genus of assassin bug s Reduviidae . 26 species have been described. ref cite journal url http de.scientificcommons.org 29963609 author Maria del Carmen Coscar n and Morrone, J.J. title Cladistics and biogeography of the assassin bug genus Rasahus Amyot & Serville Heteroptera Reduviidae Peiratinae 1998 journal Scientific Commons ref Partial species list ref cite journal url http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt?search topic TSN&search value 107392 title Species report author ITIS ref Rasahus biguttatus Say, 1832 Rasahus hamatus Fabricius, 1781 Rasahus scutellaris Fabricius, 1787 Rasahus sulcicollis Serville, 1831 Rasahus thoracicus St l, 1872 References reflist Category Reduviidae ... more details
saved book title Evolution subtitle cover image Tree of life with genome size.svg cover color Evolution Overview Introduction to evolution Evolution Evolution as theory and fact Evolutionary history of life Timeline of evolution History History of evolutionary thought Lamarckism Saltation biology Saltationism Orthogenesis On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species Darwinism The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection Neo Darwinism Modern evolutionary synthesis Base concepts Heredity Fitness biology Fitness Common descent Evidence of common descent Mechanisms Adaptation Genetic drift Gene flow Mutation Natural selection Speciation Phylogenetics Phylogenetics Cladistics Cladogram Molecular phylogenetics Fields Evolutionary developmental biology Molecular evolution Human evolution Evolutionary psychology Controversy and social impacts Creation evolution controversy Objections to evolution Creationism Intelligent design Social effect of evolutionary theory Category Wikipedia books on biology ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Syrphocheilosia image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Hoverfly Syrphidae subfamilia Syrphinae tribus Bacchini genus Syrphocheilosia genus authority Stackelberg, 1864 synonyms Syrphocheilosia is a genus of hoverfly hoverflies . Species Syrphocheilosia aterrima small Stackelberg, 1964 small ref cite journal author Ximo Mengual coauthors Gunilla St hls, Santos Rojo title First phylogeny of predatory flower flies Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 543 562 url http entomology.si.edu StaffPages Mengual Ximo 2008 Cladistics.pdf accessdate 05 02 2011 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00200.x ref Expand list date February 2011 References reflist Category Diptera of Europe Category Hoverflies Syrphidae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Talahua image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Hoverfly Syrphidae subfamilia Syrphinae tribus Bacchini genus Talahua genus authority Fluke, 1945 synonyms Talahua is a genus of hoverfly hoverflies . Species Talahua fervida small Fluke, 1945 small ref cite journal author Ximo Mengual coauthors Gunilla St hls, Santos Rojo title First phylogeny of predatory flower flies Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 543 562 url http entomology.si.edu StaffPages Mengual Ximo 2008 Cladistics.pdf accessdate 05 02 2011 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00200.x ref Expand list date February 2011 References reflist Category Diptera of South America Category Hoverflies Syrphidae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Tuberculanostoma image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Hoverfly Syrphidae subfamilia Syrphinae tribus Bacchini genus Tuberculanostoma genus authority Fluke, 1943 synonyms Tuberculanostoma is a genus of hoverfly hoverflies . Species Tuberculanostoma antennatum small Fluke, 1943 small ref cite journal author Ximo Mengual coauthors Gunilla St hls, Santos Rojo title First phylogeny of predatory flower flies Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 543 562 url http entomology.si.edu StaffPages Mengual Ximo 2008 Cladistics.pdf accessdate 05 02 2011 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00200.x ref Expand list date February 2011 References reflist Category Diptera of South America Category Hoverflies Syrphidae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Gentianales image Gentiana cruciata 2.jpg image caption Gentiana cruciata regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Gentianales ordo authority John Lindley Lindley subdivision ranks Families subdivision Gentianaceae br Apocynaceae br Gelsemiaceae br Loganiaceae br Rubiaceae Gentianales are an order of flowering plant s, included within the asterid group of dicotyledon s. The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae since broken up into several families , Retziaceae , Gentianaceae , Saccifoliaceae , Apocynaceae , and Asclepiadaceae . The circumscription recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG includes Apocynaceae including Asclepiadaceae , Gelsemiaceae segregated from Loganiaceae , Gentianaceae including Saccifoliaceae , Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae . Under the APG definition some well known members of Gentianales are coffea coffee , gardenia s, and frangipani . APG includes Retziaceae in Stilbaceae order Lamiales . References Struwe, L., V. A. Albert, and B. Bremer. 1994. Cladistics and family level classification of the Gentianales. Cladistics 10 175 205. Backlund, Maria, Bengt Oxelman, and Birgitta Bremer. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae. American Journal of Botany 87 1029 1043. http www.amjbot.org cgi content full 87 7 1029 Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae commonscat inline wikispecies inline Category Gentianales Category Angiosperm orders Gentianales stub az Ac i kkimil r bg Gentianales ca Gencianal da Ensian ordenen de Enzianartige et Emajuurelaadsed es Gentianales eo Gencianaloj fa fr Gentianales ko id Gentianales it Gentianales he jv Gentianales la Gentianales lt Gencijonie iai hu T rnicsvir g ak ms Gentianal ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image plesiomorphy.jpg thumb 279px A cladogram showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived character states. ref Page, Roderic D.M. and Holmes, Edward C. Molecular evolution a phylogenetic approach. Wiley Blackwell, 1st edition, 1998. ref In cladistics , a symplesiomorphy or symplesiomorphic character is a trait which is shared a symmorphy between two or more taxon taxa , but which is also shared with other taxa which have an earlier last common ancestor with the taxa under consideration. They are therefore not an indication that the taxa be considered more closely related to each other than to the more distant taxa, as all share the more primitive trait. A close phylogenetic relationship, that the taxa form a certain clade to the exclusion of certain other taxa, can only be shown by the discovery of synapomorphy synapomorphies shared traits that have originated with the last common ancestor of the taxa considered, or at least in the branch, not including the taxa to be excluded, leading to it. The concept of the symplesiomorphy shows the danger of grouping species together on the basis of general morphology biology morphologic or Genetics genetic similarity, without distinguishing between resemblances caused by either primitive or derived traits. This phenetic method of analysis was common before cladistics became popular in the 1980s. A famous example is Pharynx pharyngeal gill breathing in bony fish bony and cartilaginous fish es. The former are more closely related to Tetrapoda terrestrial vertebrate s, which evolved out of a clade of bony fishes that breathe via their skin or lungs, rather than to the shark s, Batoidea rays , et al. . Their kind of gill respiration is shared by the fishes because it was present in their common ancestor and lost in the other living vertebrate s. See also Synapomorphy References Reflist Phylogenetics Category Phylogenetics Evolution stub es Simplesiomorfia it ... more details
Taxobox image Stone Partridge.jpg image caption Stone Partridge regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Galliformes familia Phasianidae genus Ptilopachus genus authority William John Swainson Swainson , 1837 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Stone Partridge P. petrosus br Nahan s Partridge P. nahani Ptilopachus is an Africa n genus of bird s in the Phasianidae pheasant family. As traditionally defined, only the Stone Partridge was included in this genus, but based on Genetics genetic evidence it now also includes the Nahan s Partridge formerly considered a francolin . ref Crowe, T. M., Bowie, R.C.K., Bloomer, P., Mandiwana, T.G., Hedderson, T.A.J., Randi, E., Pereira, S., & Wakeling, J. 2006 . Phylogenetics, biogeography and classification of, and character evolution in, gamebirds Aves Galliformes Effects of character exclusion, data partitioning and missing data. Cladistics 22 495 532. ref ref name Croew2010 Crowe, T. 2010 . Phylogenetic affinities of enigmatic African galliforms the Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus and Latham s and Nahan s Francolins Francolinus lathami and F. nahani. Cladistics 26 206 206. Abstract . ref ref name IOC Gill, F, & Donsker, D. eds. 2010 . http www.worldbirdnames.org IOC World Bird Names . Version 2.7. Accessed 15 January 2011. ref At about convert 25 cm in in length, both are relatively small, Terrestrial animal terrestrial birds with a red eye ring, base of the bill and legs, and brownish upperparts. ref name HBW McGowan, P. J. K. 1994 . Francolins genus Francolinus . Pp. 489 504 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. 1994 . Handbook of the Birds of the World . Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelon. ISBN 84 87334 15 6 ref References Reflist Category Phasianidae Galliformes stub ... more details
Taxobox name Tetrapulmonata image image caption image width 250px status extinct regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Arachnid a unranked ordo Tetrapulmonata unranked ordo authority Shultz, 1990 subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Uropygid Thelyphonida Schizomida Amblypygi Spider Araneae Tetrapulmonata is a non ranked supra ordinal group of Arachnida arachnids . It is composed of Uropygid Thelyphonida , Schizomid a, Amblypygid Amblypygi and Spider Araneae . Etymology It receives its name from the presence of paired book lung s occupying the second and third opisthosomal segments, although the posterior pair is absent in Schizomida. Previous synonym s of this lineage are rejected Caulogastra small Pocock, 1983 small refers to pedicel , which is Symplesiomorphy symplesiomorphic for the lineage and Convergent evolution convergent with Solifugae , and Arachnidea small Van der Hammen, 1977 small is easily confused with Arachnid a. Types Other Synapomorphy synapomorphies of Tetrapulmonata include a large postcerebral pharynx reduced in Uropygi , prossomal endosternite with four segmental components, subchelate chelicerae , a complex coxotrochanteral joint in the walking legs, a pretarsal depressor muscle arising in the patella convergent with Dromopoda, lost in Amblypygi , a pedicel formed, in part, by ventral elements of the second opisthomal segment and a spermatozoon axoneme a 9 3 microtubule arrangement. ref cite journal author Jeffrey W. Shultz year 1990 title Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 6 issue 1 pages 1 38 doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.1990.tb00523.x ref References reflist Category Arachnids ca Tetrapulmonat es Tetrapulmonata ... more details
Taxobox image PulexIrritans.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Flea Siphonaptera familia Pulicidae subfamilia Pulicinae genus Pulex species P. irritans binomial Pulex irritans binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , Systema Naturae 1758 The human flea , Pulex irritans , is a cosmopolitan distribution cosmopolitan flea species that has, in spite of the common name , a wide Host biology host spectrum . It is one of six species in the genus Pulex the other five are all confined to the Nearctic ecozone Nearctic and Neotropic ecozone Neotropical regions . ref cite journal title A molecular phylogeny of fleas Insecta Siphonaptera origins and host associations author Michael F. Whiting, Alison S. Whiting, Michael W. Hastriter & Katharina Dittmar journal Cladistics journal Cladistics volume 24 year 2008 pages 1 31 url http darwin.biology.utah.edu china PDFs Fleas12.pdf doi 10.1111 j.1096 0031.2008.00211.x ref The species is thought to have originated in South America , where its original host may have been the guinea pig or peccary . ref cite journal title A biogeography of the human flea, Pulex irritans L. Siphonaptera Pulicidae journal Journal of Biogeography year 1989 volume 16 pages 115 120 url http www.jstor.org pss 2845085 author Paul C. Buckland & Jon P. Sadler doi 10.2307 2845085 issue 2 ref This species bites many species of mammals and birds, including domesticated ones. It has been found on dog s and wild Canidae canids , monkey s in captivity, opossum s, domestic cat s, Felidae wild felids in captivity, chicken s, Black Rat black rats and Brown Rat Norwegian rats , wild rodent s, pig s, free tailed bat s, and other species. It can also be an intermediate host for the cestode , Dipylidium caninum . References reflist Category Fleas Category Animals described in 1758 insect stub parasite stub bs Ljudska buha de Menschenfloh es Pulex irritans fr Pulex irritans hu Emberbolha pl Pch a ludzka fi Ihmiskirppu ... more details
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