About male circumcision female circumcision Female genital mutilation Interventions infobox Name Circumcision Image Circumcision central Asia2.jpg Caption Circumcision being performed in central Asia, possibly ... D002944 OPS301 OtherCodes MedlinePlus 002998 eMedicine 1015820 Male circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin prepuce from the penis . ref Dictionary definitions of circumcision .... Webster s Revised Unabridged Dictionary 1913 http www.dictionary.net circumcision to remove the foreskin ... Circumcision defined in a medical context Male circumcision is the surgical removal of all or part of the foreskin ... on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention Insert 1 , World Health Organization Circumcision, surgical removal of all or part of the foreskin of the human male. . . , Circumcision , Microsoft Encarta , 2007. Male circumcision is an elective surgery to remove the foreskin. . . http www.bchealthguide.org kbase topic special hw142449 sec1.htm Circumcision , British Columbia Health Guide, June 2, 2006. Retrieved July 18, 2007. Circumcision is surgery. . . http www.med.umich.edu 1libr yourchild paininf.htm Pain and Your Infant Medical Procedures, Circumcision and Teething , University of Michigan Health System, February 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2007. Circumcision is cutting away part of the foreskin ... Care , Danbury Hospital website. Retrieved July 18, 2007. ref The word circumcision comes from Latin lang la circum meaning around and lang la c dere meaning to cut . Early depictions of circumcision ..., circumcision, foreskin restoration, and the kynodesme. journal The Bulletin of the History of Medicine ... ref ref Cite journal last Wrana first P. year 1939 title Historical review Circumcision journal Archives ... month Winter year 1998 title Male Circumcision A Gender Perspective journal The Journal of Men s Studies ... name Gollaher Cite book last Gollaher first David L. title Circumcision A History of the World s Most ... isbn 978 0 465 04397 2 doi pages 53 72 chapter chapterurl quote ref Religious male circumcision is considered ... more details
circumcision carried out as an Islamic rite, to introduce males into Islam and as a sign of belonging ... islam islamethics malecircumcision.shtml title Circumcision of boys accessdate 2008 07 29 work Religion ... , purity . Islamic circumcision is analogous to Brit milah Jewish circumcision , although there are a number ... widespread circumcision. ref name bbc However, it is not a condition for converting to Islam or carrying ... Anchor 34662circumcision Is Circumcision obligatory after conversion? ref ref http qa.sunnipath.com ... http qa.sunnipath.com issue view.asp?id 13339&hd 3&cate 0&t rss Circumcision for Converts ref Circumcision is not mentioned in the Qur an , but rather in the hadith . Religious sources File Circumcision central Asia2.jpg thumb left Circumcision being performed in central Asia probably Turkestan , c. 1865 1872. Restored albumen print . The Qur an itself does not mention circumcision. In the time of Muhammad , circumcision was carried out by many Tribes of Arabia Arabian tribes , among them Jews ... times in the hadith . Some hadith group circumcision with the fitra acts considered to be of a refined ... been a Religious male circumcision religious norm from the beginning of Islam. However, there is another version of the hadith which does not name circumcision as one of the characteristics of fitra and yet another hadith which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision. There are arguments from the Qur an which oppose male circumcision, many Qur an alone followers adhere to this principle and argue circumcision to be against the Qur an. ref http www.quranicpath.com verses circumcision.html Qur an against circumcision Qur an Alone ref Amongst Ulema Muslim legal scholars , there are differing opinions about the compulsion of circumcision in Sharia Islamic law . Imam s Ab ... that circumcision is a Sunnah Mu akkadah not obligatory but highly recommended. The Shafi i and Hanbali ... Medical Ethics of Male Circumcision ref Hadith rejectors There is a Quran alone movement within ... more details
Infobox Painting image file The Circumcision, by Luca Signorelli.jpg title The Circumcision artist Luca Signorelli year c. 1490 1491 type Oil on panel transferred to canvas and then to panel height cm 259 width cm 180 museum National Gallery , London The Circumcision is a painting of the Circumcision of Jesus by the Italian Renaissance painter Luca Signorelli , in the National Gallery in London, dated to c. 1490 1491. The Circumcision was also the occasion of the naming of Jesus, and by this period the emphasis of Catholic devotion was on the Holy Name of Jesus . The work was commissioned by the local Confraternity of the Holy Name of Jesus for the altar of the Circumcision Chapel in the church of St. Francis at Volterra , where Signorelli was working for the House of Medici Medicis . Like many Renaissance versions of the subject it conflates it with the Presentation of Jesus by including at the rear Simeon the Righteous Simeon . The Renaissance art historian and artist Giorgio Vasari saw the painting and described it as damaged by humidity, the Child having been repainted by Il Sodoma . The painting was acquired by the National Gallery in 1882. Description The background is formed by a sumptuous niche with polychrome marbles, with two medallions portraying a Prophet and a Sibyl. It is perhaps a citation of the Brera Altarpiece by Signorelli s master, Piero della Francesca . Before it is the crowded scene taken from the Circumcision of Jesus ref Gospel of Luke, 2, 21 36 ref The stripes on the garments of the man on the left were common in the fashion of the time, and can be seen in several contemporary paintings, such as the Flagellation Banner by Signorelli himself. References Reflist Sources cite book first Antonio last Paolucci chapter Luca Signorelli title Pittori del ... paintings luca signorelli the circumcision Page at the National Gallery s website DEFAULTSORT Circumcision, Signorelli Category Signorelli paintings Category 1490s paintings Category Collections ... more details
pp move indef about male circumcision female circumcision Female genital mutilation the female circumcision controversy in Kenya, 1929 1931 Female circumcision controversy Male circumcision has often been ... aesthetics and their relation to lipodermos, circumcision, foreskin restoration, and the kynodesme ... and Islam have advocated male circumcision as a religious obligation. The ethics of circumcision ... neurosis . ref name Remondino1891 cite book last Remondino first P.C title History Of Circumcision ... isbn ref Modern proponents, such as Morris, argue that circumcision reduces the risks of urinary tract ... sexual benefits. ref name morris In contrast, opponents of infant circumcision often question ... Edward year 1985 month February title Circumcision The Uniquely American Medical Enigma journal ... impact on later sexual enjoyment. Religious and cultural conflicts Ancient world Image Isaac s circumcision, Regensburg c1300.jpg thumb 250px Circumcision of Abraham s son Isaac. Regensburg Pentateuch, Israel Museum, Jerusalem c. 1300 Book of Genesis Genesis explains circumcision as a covenant biblical ... improbable. p. 328 isbn 1 56338 389 6 ref and look elsewhere for the origin of Jewish circumcision ... circumcision was a common tribal custom among many Semitic tribes, including Jews, Arabs and Phoenecians ... accuracy ref The Jewish and Islamic traditions both see circumcision as a way to distinguish a group from its neighbours. ref See the story of Dina Dina & Shechem in Genesis. Also the mass circumcision ... mortem circumcision, to provide an account of the number of enemy casualties bibleref2c 1Sam 18 27 ... . Hellenistic culture found circumcision to be repulsive. ref http jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 514&letter C&search circumcision 2 Jewish Encyclopedia Circumcision In Apocryphal and Rabbinical ... circumcision I Macc. i. 48, 60 ii. 46 and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law ... and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme journal ... more details
Upon the Circumcision is an ode by John Milton that was possibly written in 1633 and first published in 1645. It discusses the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ and connects Annunciation Christ s Incarnation with his Crucifixion of Jesus Crucifixion . Background The exact date of composition is unknown, but it is possible that Milton wrote the ode while attending Christ s College, Cambridge , ref Shawcross 1993 p. 18 ref and it is commonly dated to 1633. ref name Kerrigan p. 60 Kerrigan 2007 p. 60 ref However, the ode, along with The Passion Milton and On the Morning of Christ s Nativity , were first published in 1645, and they are found within a manuscript that was not started before May 1634. ref Shawcross 1993 p. 71 ref They were composed during a time in which Milton became deeply concerned with Scripture but also one who still relies on myth. They were written during a time of experimentation in genre and subject for Milton. ref Shawcross 1993 p. 23 ref Poem Milton begins his poem by invoking the angels, and he claims that they too would need to cry along with mankind ref name ... sighs, and borrow Seas wept from our deep sorrow lines 4 9 The final lines connect the act of Circumcision ... near his heart. lines 21 28 Themes Upon the Circumcision with The Passion and On the Morning of Christ ... of the Circumcision, and Good Friday . The topic of these poems places them within a genre of Christian ... of Christ s Circumcision is rare. Of these poems, Herrick discusses the Circumcision as a somber ... the Circumcision with Christ s Incarnation by describing the removal of flesh as linking Christ to his human identity. The poem s final moments, of linking the Circumcision with the Crucifixion, is a common theme within Circumcision poems, including the description in Cartwright s and Francis ... Corns, Thomas. On the Morning of Christ s Nativity , Upon the Circumcision and The Passion in A Companion ... Press of Kentucky, 1993. John Milton DEFAULTSORT Upon The Circumcision Category 1633 poems Category ... more details
Male circumcision involves the excision of genital tissue from the human body, so the ethics of circumcision are sometimes Circumcision controversies controversial . Some studies indicate that the foreskin ..., S coauthors Bailey, RC Ronald AR title Male circumcision assessment of health benefits and risks ... of newborn circumcision is Europe ignoring medical evidence? journal Archives of Disease in Childhood ... circumcision is often performed solely for social or cultural reasons. This is widespread in the United ... as the child is unable to provide consent. Circumcision of adults as a public health measure for the purpose of reducing the spread of Circumcision and HIV HIV also involves ethical concerns such as informed ... Force on Circumcision coauthors year 1999 month March 1, title Circumcision Policy Statement journal ... ama pub category 13585.html title Report 10 of the Council on Scientific Affairs I 99 Neonatal Circumcision ... circumcision revisited journal Canadian Medical Association Journal volume 154 issue 6 pages ... neonatal circumcision from that stated in 1982. The review led us to conclude the following. There is evidence that circumcision results in an approximately 12 fold reduction in the incidence of UTI ... rate of the complications of circumcision reported in published articles varies, but it is generally ... of circumcision, of the later complications of circumcision and of problems associated with lack of circumcision ... of circumcision that is truly needed in later childhood. There is evidence that circumcision results ... information to recommend circumcision as a public health measure to prevent these diseases. When circumcision is performed, appropriate attention needs to be paid to pain relief. The overall evidence of the benefits and harms of circumcision is so evenly balanced that it does not support recommending circumcision as a routine procedure for newborns. There is therefore no indication that the position taken by the CPS in 1982 should be changed. When parents are making a decision about circumcision ... more details
In males who have been circumcised, the circumcision scar refers to the scar after a circumcision has healed. In some cases, the scar can be darker colored, and, in all cases, it will encircle the shaft of the penis . Appearance The scar is located at the boundary of the outer foreskin and the inner foreskin remnant, which is the portion of the foreskin that was not removed during circumcision. This foreskin remnant is mucosa that lies between the glans and the circumcision scar, which results in dissimilar tissue healing together. In adult circumcision part of the frenulum may remain intact. The foreskin remnant can often have a different color and texture than the rest of the penile skin. It can be pinkish or light colored, and it can be covered with keratin to protect it from a dry environment. Image Penis Stitch Scar.jpg thumb right 250px The circumcision scar is visible about one inch below the head Image Justin Roger Hayes Gomco clamp scar.jpg thumb right 250px Distinctive brown ring scar resulting from neonatal circumcision using the Gomco clamp method Image Circumcision Scar.jpg thumb right 250px Errors in circumcision may cause a gap in the circumcision scar The type of circumcision scar is dependent on the technique that was used. Some circumcised men have a prominent or uneven scar, whereas in others it is less noticeable. There are creams available which, when applied regularly to a recent circumcision, can significantly diminish the visible scar line, sometimes to the point ... . A completed restoration normally results in the circumcision scar being completely hidden ... 5347 01 64499 9 ref However, pathologists Cold and Taylor assert Histology of the male circumcision .... ref cite journal author Bissada NK, Morcos RR, el Senoussi M title Post circumcision carcinoma of the penis ... can form a tight constricted ring causing preputial stenosis . See also Foreskin Scar Circumcision References reflist Category Cosmetic surgery Category Circumcision Category Penis Category Male reproductive ... more details
about laws concerning male circumcision the legal status of female genital mutilation female genital mutilation There exist laws restricting or regulating circumcision , some dating back to ancient times. In a number of modern states, circumcision is presumed to be legal, but under certain circumstances ... to situations involving circumcision. Some countries have placed restrictions on circumcision. History See also Brit milah There are ancient religious requirements for circumcision . The Hebrew ... their male slaves bibleverse Genesis 17 11 12 HE . Laws banning circumcision are also ancient. The Ancient Greece ancient Greeks prized the foreskin and disapproved of the Jewish custom of circumcision ... to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme journal Bulletin of the History ..., outlawed circumcision on penalty of death. ref 1 Maccabees , 1 60 61 ref one of the grievances leading ... Spring title Circumcision Cultural Legal Analysis journal Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law ... free download accessdate August 17, 2010 quote Ritual circumcision of boys is a durable tradition. Jews ... Augusta , the Roman empire Roman emperor Hadrian issued a decree banning circumcision in the empire ... revolt of 132 CE. ref See, e.g., Alfredo M. Rabello, The Ban on Circumcision as a Cause of Bar Kokhba ... Jews to circumcise their own sons. However, he forbade the circumcision of non Jews that were either ... ian priesthood from the otherwise universal ban on circumcision. Modern Law Australia In 1993, a non binding research paper of the Queensland Law Reform Commission Circumcision of Male Infants concluded ... circumcision of a male infant could be regarded as a criminal act , and that doctors who perform circumcision on male infants may be liable to civil claims by that child at a later date. ref http www.cirp.org library legal QLRC QLRC Circumcision of Male Infants Bot generated title ref No prosecutions ... 1997 10 09 page 2015.htm Man sues for circumcision , October 9, 1997 Daily Dispatch Dead ... more details
About male circumcision and HIV female circumcision and HIV Female genital cutting HIV Over forty epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between male circumcision and HIV ... How does male circumcision protect against HIV infection? journal BMJ volume 320 issue 7249 pages ... about whether circumcision could be used as a AIDS Prevention prevention method against HIV . ref ... title Circumcision and HIV infection review of the literature and meta analysis journal International ... male circumcision and HIV infection. Study designs have included geographical analysis, studies of high ... CI 1.01 1.12 . Based on the studies published to date, recommending routine circumcision as a prophylactic ... Circumcision in men and the prevention of HIV infection a meta analysis revisited journal International ... that male circumcision may offer protection against HIV infection, particularly in high risk groups ... of whether circumcision could contribute to prevent infections is of great importance, and a sound ... first Nandi title Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men journal ... of male circumcision on HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. The results from existing observational studies show a strong epidemiological association between male circumcision and prevention of HIV, especially ... considered before circumcision is implemented as a public health intervention for prevention ... coauthors Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. year 2000 month Oct 20 title Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection ... 15 pages 2361&ndash 70 id accessdate 2007 12 27 quote Male circumcision is associated with a significantly ... of providing safe services for male circumcision as an additional HIV prevention strategy in areas ... 00018 ref Experimental evidence was needed to establish a causal relationship between lack of circumcision ... Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk The ANRS 1265 Trial journal ..., Jeckoniah O Ndinya Achola date February 24, 2007 title Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young ... more details
Image Global Map of Male Circumcision Prevalence at Country Level.png thumb 300px Map published by the United ... hiv pub malecircumcision infopack en 2.pdf The Global Prevalence of Male Circumcision ref The prevalence of circumcision or circumcision rate refers to the proportion of males that are circumcised in a given population. It may also refer to the proportion of newborn males that are Circumcision ... Complications of circumcision journal British Journal of Surgery volume 80 issue 10 pages 1231&ndash ... DA title Circumcision a consideration of some of the controversy journal J Child Health Care. year ... eng.pdf title Male circumcision Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability accessdate 2009 03 04 year 2007 publisher World Health Organization format PDF ref Circumcision ... JD, Bailey RC title Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases an ecologic analysis ... religious circumcision in Asia, with the exceptions of the Republic of Korea and the Philippines ... ref name castellsague Cite journal author Castellsagu X, Bosch FX, Mu oz N, et al. title Male circumcision ... cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8520335 ref less than 2 , Finland 0.006 ref cite journal title Circumcision ... title Cost analysis of neonatal circumcision in a large health maintenance organization journal The Journal ... MC, Liu CK, Lee WK, Jeng HS, Chiang HS, Li CY title Age specific prevalence rates of phimosis and circumcision ... the prevalence of circumcision slightly increased with age from 7.2 95 CI, 5.3 10.8 for boys aged ... 58.7 . ref name richters Cite journal title Circumcision in Australia prevalence and effects ... pages 547 554 pmid 16925903 quote Neonatal circumcision was routine in Australia until the 1970s In the last ... to one where circumcision is the minority experience. url http www.cirp.org library general richters1 ... have generally seen a decline in male circumcision while there are indications of increasing demand in Southern Africa . ref cite journal title Demand for male circumcision rises in a bid to prevent ... more details
Image CirconcisionRothenburg.jpg thumb 280px Circumcision of Christ detail by Friedrich Herlin . File The Circumcision, by Luca Signorelli.jpg thumb 280px Luca Signorelli s Circumcision of Christ Signorelli Circumcision of Christ , c. 1491, commissioned by the Confraternity of the Holy Name of Jesus in Volterra , with Simeon the Righteous Simeon at the rear. The Circumcision of Jesus is an event from ... of Luke , which states in verse s Bible King James Luke 2 21 2 21 that Jesus was circumcision circumcised ... milah ceremony, at which they are also Naming ceremony given their name . The circumcision of Christ ..., or form the main subject in an altarpiece . The event is celebrated as the Feast of the Circumcision ... surfaced. Historical accounts The second chapter of the Gospel of Luke records the circumcision of Jesus ... of his own circumcision in the third chapter of his Epistle to the Philippians . This led theologians ... have assumed the circumcision to be historical fact, or might have been relating it as recalled by someone ... foreskin. The second chapter has the following story And when the time of his circumcision was come ... of Basil II , 979 984. The Circumcision controversy in early Christianity was resolved in the 1st ... proponent of this position, discouraged circumcision as a qualification for conversion to Christianity. Circumcision soon became rare in most of the Christian world, except the Coptic Church of Egypt where circumcision was a History of male circumcisionCircumcision in the Ancient world tradition ... Perhaps for this reason, the subject of the Circumcision of Christ was extremely rare in Christian ... . ref name Schiller, 89 Penny, 116 File Albrecht D rer 018.jpg right thumbnail The Circumcision ... and in terms of finding a place in a pictorial cycle, consideration of the circumcision put ... s Passion to come in the context of the Circumcision . ref Kendrick, 11 15 ref Having borrowed ..., showing the Circumcision of Isaac . ref File Isaac s circumcision, Regensburg c1300.jpg Image of Isaac ... more details
About male circumcision female circumcision Female genital cutting Forced circumcision most commonly refers to the circumcision of a man male who has not given his consent . In a Bible biblical context the term is used especially in relation to Paul the Apostle and his polemic s against the Circumcision controversy in early Christianity forced circumcision of gentile Christians . ref See, e.g., Dunn ... circumcision of Teso people Teso , Turkana people Turkana and Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania ... circumcision schools bush schools . ref On occurrences of forced circumcision in Kenya, see Glazier ... Meintjies, Manhood at a Price Mayatula and Mavundla, A review on male circumcision procedures Crowly and Kesner, Ritual Circumcision. ref In South Africa, custom allows uncircumcised Xhosa people Xhosa speaking men past the age of circumcision i.e., 25 years or older to be overpowered by other men and forcibly circumcised. ref Funani, Circumcision among the Ama Xhosa , p. v. ref Misleading sources ... the borders of Israel 1 Macc. 2 45 46, New Revised Standard Version . ref Forced circumcision ... by Josephus , circumcision was required of the Idumeans as a token of their acceptance of Judaism ... to the use of circumcision, and the rest of the Jewish ways of living at which time ... Weitzman, Forced Circumcision. ref According to Shaye J. D. Cohen , Ptolemy s claim, that the Idumaeans ... . In this case, too, sources indicate that the residents were subjected to forced circumcision ... in the Roman Empire Greeks and Romans regarded circumcision as a mutilation of the Sexuality in ancient ..., 2007 , p. 362. ref There was a Circumcision controversy in early Christianity circumcision controversy ... that circumcision of gentile converts to Christianity was not required. ref Acts 15 5 21 ref ... of his own conscience, claims to have saved the two Gentiles from forced circumcision. ref ... circumcision, on pain of death. ref Peter Sch fer, The History of the Jews in the Greco Roman World ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Port Circumcision coor dm 65 11 S 64 10 W is a cove indenting the southeast side of Petermann Island , in the Wilhelm Archipelago . Discovered on January 1, 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, who named it for the holy day on which it was first sighted. The cove served as a base for the ship Pourquoi Pas ? during the 1909 winter season. usgs gazetteer Category Coves of Graham Land Category Landforms of the Wilhelm Archipelago Category Ports and harbours of Graham Land WilhelmArchipelago geo stub ... more details
Globalize date October 2009 Lead too short date September 2009 The origination of male circumcision is not known ... produced by the foreskin . It has been suggested that the custom of circumcision gave advantages to tribes ... Mackey year 1997 title A Biocultural Analysis of Circumcision journal Social Biology volume 44 issue ... to do with it. ref name darbymja2003 Immerman et al. suggest that circumcision causes lowered sexual ... circumcision, leading to its spread. ref Cite journal last Immerman first R.S. coauthors W.C. Mackey year 1997 month Fall Winter title A biocultural analysis of circumcision journal Social Biology ... j.1467 9744.1976.tb00285.x ref Wilson suggests that circumcision reduces insemination efficiency ... ref It is possible that circumcision arose independently in different cultures for different reasons. The oldest documentary evidence for circumcision comes from ancient Egypt . ref Tomb artwork ... and others who were circumcised. ref Circumcision was common, although not universal, among ancient Semitic peoples. ref The book of Genesis records circumcision as God s covenant command to Abraham ... of circumcision they regarded a man as truly naked only if his prepuce was retracted led to a decline ... Maccabees wrote that under the Seleucid s, many Jewish men attempted to hide or reverse their circumcision .... First Maccabees also relates that the Seleucids forbade the practice of brit milah Jewish circumcision ... Circumcision has ancient roots among several ethnic groups in sub equatorial Africa, and is still ... journal last Marck first J year 1997 title Aspects of male circumcision in sub equatorial African culture ... Circumcision in the Ancient world File Egypt circ.jpg thumb Ancient Egyptian carved scene of circumcision ... Circumcision Precinct of Mut.png thumb right 250px Ancient Egyptian carved scene of circumcision ... BC tomb artwork in Egypt is thought to be the oldest documentary evidence of circumcision, the most ... a mass circumcision and boasts of his ability to stoically endure the pain When I was circumcised ... more details
Summary Information Description Circumcision rates map Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date 7th August 2008 Author User Signsolid Signsolid User talk Signsolid talk other versions Licensing PD self date August 2008 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Numerous medical studies have examined the effects of circumcision male circumcision with mixed opinions regarding the benefits and risks of the procedure. Genital integrity Opponents of circumcision say .... ref name Milos cite journal doi 10.1016 0091 2182 92 90012 R title Circumcision A medical or a human ... 37 issue 2 Suppl pages S87 last2 MacRis pmid 1573462 ref Circumcision advocacy Advocates for circumcision ... Circumcision Effects on Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction in Kisumu, Kenya year 2008 last1 ... not a single doctors organisation that recommends routine circumcision for medical reasons. ref ... male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by men during penile vaginal sex, but also state that circumcision only provides partial protection and should not replace other ... Circumcision and Risk for HIV Transmission and Other Health Conditions Implications for the United ... not recommend that routine circumcision in infancy be performed . They also state that if the operation ... that there is an obligation to provide parents who request a circumcision for their child with accurate, up to date and unbiased information about the risks and benefits of circumcision, adding that in the absence ... title Current College Position on Circumcision publisher Royal Australasian College of Physicians ... Canada The Fetus and Newborn Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society posted Circumcision Information ... Circumcision.htm title Circumcision Information for parents accessdate 2006 10 24 year 2004 month November work Caring for kids publisher Canadian Paediatric Society quote Circumcision is a non ... circumcision, parents should have information about risks and benefits. It is helpful to speak with your baby s doctor. After reviewing the scientific evidence for and against circumcision, the CPS does not recommend routine circumcision for newborn boys. Many paediatricians no longer perform circumcisions ... archivedate 2005 12 19 ref and Neonatal circumcision revisited in 1996. The 1996 position ... more details
About religious male circumcision the history of male circumcision History of male circumcision the Early Christian controversy Circumcision controversy in early Christianity sync Circumcision Cultures and religions Religious male circumcision generally occurs shortly after birth, during childhood or around puberty as part of a rite of passage . Circumcision is most prevalent in Muslim countries and Israel ... Greece the foreskin was valued and that Greek and Roman attempts to abolish ritual circumcision ... title Religious circumcision a Jewish view journal The Bulletin of the History of Medicine volume 75 ... 2007 07 24 doi 10.1353 bhm.2001.0119 pmid 11568485 ref Male circumcision practiced as a religious rite ... Christians , those who constitute the Abrahamic religions Circumcision Abrahamic religions . Ancient Egypt File Circumcision Precinct of Mut.png thumb right 250px Ancient Egyptian carved scene of circumcision ... 2345 2181 BC tomb artwork in Egypt is thought to be the oldest documentary evidence of circumcision ... named Uha, in the 23rd century B.C, he describes a mass circumcision and boasts of his ability ... scratched and there was none thereof who was scratched. ref Gollaher, p. 2. ref Circumcision in ancient ... and ritual of circumcision was supposed to give access to ancient mysteries reserved solely ... , for example, tells of the Solar deity sun god Ra performing a self circumcision, whose blood created ... references to circumcision in the Jewish Bible . Circumcision was enjoined upon the biblical ... 12 3 HE . Non Israelites had to undergo circumcision before they could be allowed to take part in the feast ... out the practice of circumcision. According to Bibleverse Josh 5 2 9 HE , all the people that came out ... several narratives in which circumcision is mentioned. There is the circumcision and massacre of the Shechem ... 25 27 HE and the story of the LORD threatening to kill Moses, and being placated by Zipporah s circumcision of their son Bibleverse Exodus 4 24 26 HE , and the Circumcision at Gilgal of Bibleverse Joshua ... more details
The sexual effects of circumcision are the subject of some debate. Studies have been conducted to investigate whether circumcision has any effect on sexual drive, erectile function, premature and delayed ... whether circumcision affects masturbation or other sexual practices, and whether a heterosexual woman s experience of sex is affected by her partner s circumcision status. Those reviewing the literature ... males. ref name AAP1999 Cite journal author title Circumcision policy statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Circumcision journal Pediatrics volume 103 issue 3 pages 686 93 ... of Family Physicians AAFP stated The effect of circumcision on penile sensation or sexual satisfaction ... erogenous nerve endings&mdash many of which are lost to circumcision, with an inevitable reduction ... viewcontent.cgi?article 1036&context hss pubs title Male circumcision pain, trauma, and psychosexual ... circumcision are we informing men correctly? journal Urol Internationalalis volume 75 pages 62 6 url ... between adult circumcision and decreased penile sensitivity that bordered on statistical significance ... DeVillis year 2002 month May title Adult circumcision outcomes study effect on erectile function ... In a 2008 study of Kenyan men, Krieger et al. stated that Adult male circumcision was not associated ... RC, Agot K, Ndinya Achola JO, Parker C, Moses S year 2008 month August title Adult Male Circumcision ... Montelongo R, G mez Guerra LS title DOES CIRCUMCISION AFFECT MALE S PERCEPTION OF SEXUAL SATISFACTION ... is affected by circumcision. Masters and Johnson 1966 reported Routine neurologic testing ... ref In January 2007, The American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP stated The effect of circumcision ... http www.aafp.org online en home clinical clinicalrecs circumcision.html title Circumcision Position Paper on Neonatal Circumcision accessdate 2007 01 30 year 2007 publisher American Academy of Family ... journal last Szabo first Robert coauthors Roger V. Short year 2000 month June title How does male circumcision ... more details
Image Menologion of Basil 047.jpg thumb 280px Circumcision of Christ, Menologion of Basil II , 979 984. The Feast of the Circumcision of Christ is a Christianity Christian celebration of the circumcision of Jesus in accordance with Religious male circumcision Jewish tradition , eight days according to the Semitic and southern European calculation of intervals of days ref In the northern European calculation, which abstracts from the day from which the count begins, the interval was of seven days. ref after his birth of Jesus birth , the occasion on which the child was formally Holy Name of Jesus given his name . ref Bibleref Luke 2 21 King James Version And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb. ref ref http www.newadvent.org cathen 03779a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Feast of the Circumcision ref The circumcision of Jesus has traditionally been seen, as explained in the popular 14th century work the Golden Legend , as the first time the blood of Christ was shed, and thus the beginning of the process of the Salvation Redemption redemption of man , and a demonstration that Christ was fully human, and of his obedience to Biblical law . The feast day appears on 1 ... celebrated the Circumcision and what is now the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus together. The emphasis ... coupling. Until 1960, the General Roman Calendar gave 1 January as the Feast of the Circumcision ... of Common Prayer liturgy celebrates this day as the Circumcision of Christ. Since 2000, the Common Worship of the Church of England lists this day as the The Naming and Circumcision of Jesus Christ ... Luke 2 21 , the Feast of Circumcision was retained by churches of the Lutheran Reformation. It remains ... hymns relating to this subject. See also commonscat Circumcision of Christ Circumcision in the Bible ... 061231 An essay on the feast of the circumcision from Anglicans Online Category Eastern ... more details
Bible related There is evidence of a controversy over religious male circumcision in Early Christianity ... 50 AD, decreed that male circumcision was not a requirement for Gentile converts. This became ... dominated even during the existence of the Temple Pes. viii. 8 , Baptism , next to Circumcision in the Bible circumcision and sacrifice, was an absolutely necessary condition to be fulfilled by a Conversion .... 14, 64d . Circumcision, however, was much more important, and, like baptism, was called a seal Schlatter, Die Kirche Jerusalems, 1898, p. 70 . But as circumcision was discarded by Christianity, and the sacrifices ... milah circumcision requirement for Jewish boys even stricter. ref peri ah , Shab. xxx. 6 ref According to the Columbia Encyclopedia , ref http www.encyclopedia.com topic circumcision.aspx Entry on circumcision ... need not practice circumcision is recorded in Acts 15 ref name Acts bibleverse Acts 15 ref there was never, however, a prohibition of circumcision, and it is practiced by Coptic Christians . Jewish background main Circumcision in the Bible There are numerous references in the Hebrew Bible to the obligation for Brit milah circumcision among Jews . For example, Leviticus 12 3 ref bibleverse Leviticus ... my Covenant biblical covenant . According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on circumcision of proselytes ref http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 514&letter C&search circumcision 1789 Jewish Encyclopedia CircumcisionCircumcision of Proselytes ref cquote The issue between the Zealot and Liberal parties regarding the circumcision of proselytes remained an open one in Tannaim tannaitic ... washing in Judaism baptismal rite , rendered a person a full proselyte without circumcision, as Israelites ... while Eliezer ben Hurcanus R. Eliezer makes circumcision a condition for the admission of a proselyte ... made the Itureans undergo circumcision Josephus , Antiquities of the Jews , xiii. 9, 1 11, 3 . According .... Circumcision of Jesus Image 20050921circoncisionB.jpg thumb right 150px Circumcision of Jesus ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 Infobox Painting image file Parmigianino, circoncisione.jpg title Circumcision of Jesus artist Parmigianino year c. 1523 type Oil painting Oil on canvas height 42 width 31.4 museum Detroit Institute of Arts The Circumcision of Jesus is a painting by the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino , executed around 1523 and housed in the Detroit Institute of Arts , United States . History Late Renaissance art biographer Giorgio Vasari described a Circumcision of Jesus by Parmigianino. However, his description does not match the Detroit painting he described a series of characters holding torches and walking which do not appear in this work. File Parmigianino, circoncisione, dettaglio, coniglietto.jpg left thumb Detail of a rabbit. The painting is known with certainty only starting from the 1830s, when it was part of the Russian Empire Russian imperial collection and was copied in a 1851 etching by J.W. Muxel. In 1917 it was acquired at Stockholm by A.B. Nordiska Kompaniet, which, a few years later, sold it to the American Axel Beskow. In 1936 he donated the work to the Detroit museum. The painting has not been unanimously recognized as Parmigianino s until 1991 ref cite book first Pierluigi Leone last de Castris title Parmigianino e il manierismo europeo pages 236 237 location Cinisello Balsamo publisher Silvana editoriale year 2003 isbn 88 8215 481 5 ref The dating from around 1523 is based on comparison with other works by the Italian artist s youth and by a preparatory drawing at the Cabinet des Dessins inv. 6390 of the Louvre museum. Description The work shows the circumcision of Jesus as described in the Gospel of Luke ref Luke, 2, 22 32 ref the two sacrifice doves refer to the connected act of the purification of Mary. The young Jesus, well illuminated, is the child Jesus, surrounded by a crowd of characters. At the left is a very young Madonna, with blonde eyes, similar to the Saint Barbara Parmigianino Saint Barbara at the Museo del Prado . Also ... more details
Infobox non profit name National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers image type ... The National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers NOCIRC is an educational nonprofit ... in the United States for information about circumcision . In its first decade, NOCIRC grew into an international ... 2006 07 14 ref Position NOCIRC opposes the non therapeutic circumcision of children. ref name NOCIRCdeclaration ... of the First International Symposium on Circumcision accessdate 2006 07 14 ref The organization suggests that circumcision be performed only when it is absolutely medically necessary and after ... material on their view of circumcision and care of the foreskin . NOCIRC states that their position ... that recommends routine infant circumcision, yet declare that they hold the medical community accountable for misconstruing the scientific database available on human circumcision in the world ... task force on circumcision to receive information from NOCIRC publisher NOCIRC date 1996 09 27 accessdate ... of circumcision are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision, but that it should be the decision ... full 103 3 686 title Circumcision Policy Statement journal Pediatrics volume 103 issue 3 author ... symposia on circumcision, human rights , and genital integrity . The most recent symposium .... The following list details the history of NOCIRC s circumcision symposia First International Symposium on Circumcision Anaheim, California Anaheim , California March 1 3, 1989. ref http www.nocirc.org symposia first ref Second International Symposium on Circumcision San Francisco , California April 30 May 3, 1991. ref http www.nocirc.org symposia second ref Third International Symposium on Circumcision ... ref Eighth International Symposium on Circumcision & Human Rights University of Padua , Italy September ... on Circumcision, Genital Integrity & Human Rights University of Washington , Seattle , Washington August ... on Circumcision, Genital Integrity & Human Rights Keele University , England September 4 6, 2008 ... more details
The female circumcision controversy is the term given to a period in History of Kenya Kenyan historiography , ca. 1929 1932, during which British Protestant missionaries campaigned against the practice of female genital mutilation FGM , and were met with resistance by the Kikuyu people , Kenya s largest tribe. A ritual practised in Africa for thousands of years, FGM is a central part of an initiation ceremony intended as a rite of passage for girls. It usually involves removal of the clitoris , and may also involve removal of the labia minora inner and labia majora outer labia , and the suturing of the entire vulva , leaving only a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. ref Momoh, Comfort. http books.google.com books?id dVjIP0RfVAMC&pg PA6 Female Genital Mutilation , Radcliffe Publishing, 2005, pp. 6 10. Also see Nussbaum, Martha Craven. Judging Other Cultures The Case of Genital Mutilation, Sex and Social Justice . Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 119 120. ref Lynn M. Thomas, an American historian, writes that during the female circumcision controversy, the issue of FGM became a focal point of the independence movement against British East Africa British colonial ... to Ban Excision in Meru, Kenya , in Shell Duncan, Bettina and Hernlund, Ylva eds . Female Circumcision in Africa . Lynne Rienner, 2000, p. 129ff. ref The Kikuyu regarded female circumcision, performed ... and Murray, Jocelyn. http books.google.com books?id 9kpLvKnZCR8C&pg PA136 The CMS and Female Circumcision ... 218 Scottish Missionaries and the Circumcision Controversy in Kenya, 1900 1960 , International Review ... of Kikuyu culture including female circumcision as its main platform. The next month, the church ... their opposition to circumcision. Several other church missions followed suit. Robert Strayer and Jocelyn ... Murray, Jocelyn. The Kikuyu Female Circumcision Controversy, with special reference to the Church ..., Jocelyn. http www.jstor.org pss 1594780 The Church Missionary Society and the Female Circumcision ... more details
The Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 c. 38 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It made female genital mutilation a crime throughout the UK. No person was ever successfully prosecuted under the Act, ref cite news url http www.timesonline.co.uk tol life and style health article5913979.ece title Thousands of girls mutilated in Britain first Richard last Kerbaj date 16 March 2009 newspaper Times Online ref but a medical practitioner was stricken from the Medical Register in 1993 for having performed the procedure. ref cite journal author Black JA, Debelle GD title Female genital mutilation in Britain journal BMJ volume 310 issue 6994 pages 1590 2 year 1995 month June pmid 7787654 pmc 2549951 ref The Act was replaced by the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Scotland Act 2005 respectively, both of which extend the legislation to cover acts committed by UK nationals outside of the UK s borders. References reflist External links UK LEG ext Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 path ukpga 1985 38 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1985 Category Female genital mutilation ... more details
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