- Chimakuan languages
yot IPA k o l jot , the name of a village at La Push. Phonology The Chimakuan languages have phonemic inventories similar to other languages of the Mosan sprachbund, with three vowels, ejective consonant s, uvular consonant s, and lateral affricate s. However, both languages have typological oddities Chemakum had no simple velar consonant s, and Quileute has no nasal consonant s. Proto Chimakuan The pre Proto Chimakuan sound system contained three vowels, long and short, and lexical stress. It had ...Infobox Language family name Chimakuan region Olympic Peninsula , Washington U.S. state Washington familycolor American family Chimakuan child1 Chemakum language Chemakum child2 Quileute language Quileute map Image Chimakuan langs.png center 300px map caption Pre contact distribution of Chimakuan languages The Chimakuan language family consists of two languages spoken in northwestern Washington U.S. state Washington , USA on the Olympic Peninsula . It is part of the Mosan languages Mosan sprachbund , and one of its languages is famous for having no nasal consonant s. The two languages were about as close as English and German language German . Family division Chemakum language Chemakum also known as Chimakum or Chimacum Quileute language Quileute also known as Quillayute Chemakum is now Extinct ... IPA j align center IPA w In Proto Chimakuan the series IPA t t occurred .... 1933 . Quileute . New York Columbia University Press. Extract from Handbook of American Indian Languages ... language. American Anthropologist , 5 , 37 44. Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages ... 1. Mithun, Marianne. 1999 . The languages of Native North America . Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 23228 7 hbk ISBN 0 521 29875 X. Language families DEFAULTSORT Chimakuan Languages Category Chimakuan languages Category Endangered Chimakuan languages br Yezho tchimakuek de Chimakum Sprachen es Lenguas chimaku fr Langues chimakuanes it Lingue chimakuan hr Chimakuan ru ... more details
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- Are languages
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Language family name Are region Eastern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 Papuan Tip languages Papuan Tip fam6 Kilivila Nuclear Papuan Tip fam7 Are Taupota languages Are Taupota The family of Are languages is a subgroup of the Are Taupota languages . It consists of 7 language s. Components Are language Are Arifama Miniafia language Arifama Miniafia Doga language Doga Gapapaiwa language Gapapaiwa Ghayavi language Ghayavi Kaninuwa language Kaninuwa Ubir language Ubir DEFAULTSORT Are Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Au lang stub PapuaNewGuinea stub hr Are jezici ... more details
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- Mosan languages
Infobox Language family name Mosan region British Columbia , Washington U.S. state Washington familycolor American family Algonquian Wakashan languages Algonquian Wakashan ? child1 Chimakuan languages Chimakuan child2 Salishan languages Salishan child3 Wakashan languages Wakashan Mosan is a hypothetical language family consisting of the Salishan , Wakashan , and Chimakuan languages of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It was proposed by Edward Sapir in 1929 in the Encyclop dia Britannica . Little evidence has been adduced in favor of such a grouping, no progress has been made in reconstructing it, and it is now thought to reflect a sprachbund language area rather than a genealogical relationship. It persists outside the professional linguistic literature due to Sapir s great stature. See also Almosan References Lyle Campbell Campbell, Lyle . 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America . New York Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 19 509427 1. Beck, David 1997 . http www.linguistics.ubc.ca sites default files 1997 Beck.pdf Mosan III a problem of remote common proximity . International Conference on Salish and Neighbo u ring Languages. Category Proposed language families ... more details
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- Amerind languages
Almosan Algic languages Algic Kutenai language Kutenai Mosan languages Mosan Chimakuan languages Chimakuan Salishan languages Salishan Wakashan languages Wakashan Keresiouan Caddoan languages Caddoan ... Greenberg proposed that all of the indigenous languages of the Americas belong to one of three language family families . According to Greenberg s hypothesis, a minority of the languages, concentrated in northern North America, belong to the previously proposed Na Dene languages Na Dene and Eskimo Aleut languages Eskimo Aleut language families. All of the remaining languages, usually considered ... of methodological flaws in the investigation of the relationships between languages the proposal has ... languages of the Americas , without necessarily implying that they are a genetic linguistics genetic ... the languages of the Americas are related goes back to the 19th century when early linguists such as Peter Stephen DuPonceau and Wilhelm von Humboldt noticed that the languages of the Americas seemed to be very different from the better known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar to each other. When studies of American Indian languages began in earnest in the early 20th century linguists quickly realized that the indigenous languages were in fact not all that similar, but had a diversity much greater than among the languages of Europe. After a period of uncertainty about whether indigenous languages could be described and investigated by the methods applied to European languages the first linguists began the daunting task of trying to classify the languages of the Americas ... American languages. However, contrary to current practice in historical linguistics Sapir also often ... have been proven correct while others have not. Sapir entertained the idea that ultimately all languages ... languages. In elaborating his classification of the Amerind languages Greenberg relied heavily on Sapir s early work on the North American languages and the highly impressionist classification of South ... more details
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- American languages
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
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- Languages of the Congo
Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Languages of the Republic of the Congo disamb ... more details
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- Oceanian languages
Oceanian languages may refer to Oceanic languages Languages of Oceania disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
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- Salishan languages
Sapir suggested that the Salishan languages might be related to the Wakashan languages Wakashan and Chimakuan languages in a hypothetical Mosan languages Mosan family. This proposal persists primarily ... child1 Coast Salish languages Coast Salish child2 Interior Salish languages Interior Salish child3 Tsamosan languages Tsamosan child4 Nux lk language Nux lk child5 Tillamook language Tillamook iso2 ... languages in red . The Salishan also Salish languages are a group of languages of the Pacific Northwest ... to other related languages. Many languages do not have self designations and instead have specific .... All Salishan languages which are not extinct language extinct are endangered language endangered &mdash some extremely so, with only three or four speakers left. Practically all Salishan languages ... family consists of twenty three languages. Below is a list of Salishan languages, dialects, and sub ... 85 line height 1.3em Western span 10. North Straits Salish languages Northern Straits a.k.a. Straits ... it. ref Beck 2000 . ref The Salishan languages, principally Chehalis language Chehalis , contributed .... . 1997 . Salish languages and linguistics Theoretical and descriptive perspectives . Berlin Mouton ... of the Salishan Languages . Washington G.P.O.. Pilling, James Constantine 2007 . Bibliography of the Salishan Languages . Reprint by Gardners Books. ISBN 9781430469278 Thompson, Laurence C. 1973 . The northwest .... In L. Campbell & M. Mithun Eds. , The languages of native America Historical and comparative assessment ... biblios salbib.htm Bibliography of Materials on Salishan Languages small YDLI small http grizzly.umt.edu ... Native languages of the Northwest small http home.istar.ca bthom salish rev.htm Coast Salish Culture ... Languages http listserv.linguistlist.org archives salishan.html The Salishan Studies List small ... Classification of the Salishan languages reflecting current scholarship http www.ethnologue.com show ... small by Peter Ladefoged small Language families DEFAULTSORT Salishan Languages Category ... more details
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- Zunda languages
The Zunda languages are a group of related languages that, along with Tekela languages , are a subdivision of the Nguni languages Nguni branch belonging to the larger Bantu languages Bantu family . Zunda languages include Zulu language Zulu 10 million Xhosa language Xhosa 8 million Northern Ndebele language Northern Ndebele or Zimbabwean Ndebele 1,6 million nc lang stub Category Languages of South Africa Category Southern Bantu languages Nguni languages Zunda languages ... more details
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- Bel languages
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
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- Finnic languages
Finnic languages usually means the Baltic Finnic languages , but may also refer to some other groupings of Uralic languages Finno Permic languages Finno Volgaic languages Volga Finnic languages only a geographic category Baltic Finnic languages See also Uralic languages Classification of languages disambig ar ... more details
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- Awan languages
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub mk ... more details
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- Nyima languages
Infobox Language family name Nyima region Sudan familycolor Nilo Saharan fam2 Eastern Sudanic languages Eastern Sudanic fam3 Astaboran languages Astaboran The Nyima languages are a pair of languages of Sudan spoken by the Nyimang that are part of the Eastern Sudanic languages Eastern Sudanic family of Nilo Saharan languages . The languages are Ama language Ama Nyimang and Dinik language Dinik Afitti . ns lang stub Category Eastern Sudanic languages br Yezho tamek mk ... more details
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- Languages of Oceania
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Many languages are indigenous to Oceania they belong to several families. The Austronesian languages Austronesian family is the most common, found throughout many Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australia is home to many diverse families of Languages of Australia indigenous languages Pama Nyungan languages Gunwinyguan languages Macro Pama Nyungan languages Southwest Pama Nyungan languages Bunaban languages 2 languages in two branches Daly languages 11 19 languages in four branches, including Murrinh Patha language Murrinh Patha Limilngan languages 2 languages, extinct? Djeragan languages 3 5 languages in two branches Nyulnyulan languages 4 8 languages in one branch Wororan languages 7 12 languages in three branches Indo Pacific languages Andaman languages Languages of Papua New Guinea Tasmanian languages Also, the languages of European settlers and colonial powers are common in the region, such as English in Australia and New Zealand , Spanish language Spanish in Easter Island , and French in New Caledonia , etc. There are also creole language creoles formed from the interaction of the European and indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin , Hawaiian Pidgin , Norfuk and Pitkern . See also List of extinct languages of Oceania Template group list Languages of Oceania Countries and languages lists DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Oceania Category Languages of Oceania Au lang stub bn ru ... more details
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- Kairiru languages
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Language family name Kairiru region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 Schouten languages Schouten fam6 Kairiru Manam languages Kairiru Manam The three Kairiru languages form a group of Austronesian languages in northern Papua New Guinea . They are Kaiep language Kaiep , Kairiru language Kairiru , and Terebu language Terebu . DEFAULTSORT Kairiru Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages PapuaNewGuinea stub Au lang stub ... more details
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- Mengen languages
Unreferenced date February 2007 Infobox Language family name Mengen region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 ? The three Mengen languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Lote language Lote Mamusi language Mamusi Mengen language Mengen DEFAULTSORT Mengen Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages Au lang stub ... more details
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- Tekela languages
The Tekela languages are a group of related languages that, along with Zunda languages , are a subdivision of the Nguni languages Nguni branch belonging to the larger Bantu languages Bantu family . Tekela languages include Swazi language Swazi 3 million Phuthi language Phuthi ref Donnelly 2007 Chapter 1 2007 1 61 addresses linguistic properties of Nguni. ref 20,000 Bhaca language Bhaca ref See Archibald Campbell Jordan Jordan 1942. ref , Hlubi language Hlubi , Cele language Cele and Lala language Lala . Reflist nc lang stub Category Languages of South Africa Category Southern Bantu languages Nguni languages Tekela languages ... more details
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- Hote languages
Infobox Language family name Hote region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz ? fam7 Huon Gulf languages Huon Gulf fam8 South Huon Gulf languages South Huon Gulf fam9 Hote Buang languages Hote Buang The two Hote languages of the Huon Gulf area, Papua New Guinea , form a group of Hote Buang languages . Components Hote language Hote Yamap language Yamap External links http www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 91715 Ethnologue report for Hote languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea au lang stub ... more details
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- Mumeng languages
Infobox Language family name Mumeng region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea fam6 Huon Gulf languages Huon Gulf fam7 South Huon Gulf languages South Huon Gulf fam8 Hote Buang languages Hote Buang fam9 Buang languages Buang The five Mumeng languages of the Huon Gulf area, Papua New Guinea , form a group of Buang languages . Components Dambi language Dambi Gorakor language Gorakor Kumalu language Kumalu Patep language Patep Zenag language Zenag External links http www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 91648 Ethnologue report for Mumeng languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea au lang stub ... more details
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- Mandara languages
Infobox Language family name Mandara altname Mandara proper region Cameroon , Nigeria familycolor Afro Asiatic fam1 Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic fam2 Chadic languages Chadic fam3 Biu Mandara languages Biu Mandara fam4 Biu Mandara A languages A fam5 Mandara Lamang languages Mandara Lamang child1 Mandara language Mandara child2 Parkwa language Parkwa child3 Glavda languages Glavda group The Mandara languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family and are spoken in Cameroon and Nigeria . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90828 Ethnologue entry for Mandara languages Category Biu Mandara languages Category Languages of Cameroon Category Languages of Nigeria Cameroon stub Nigeria stub BiuMandara lang stub ... more details
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- Glavda languages
Infobox Language family name Glavda region Nigeria familycolor Afro Asiatic fam1 Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic fam2 Chadic languages Chadic fam3 Biu Mandara languages Biu Mandara fam4 Biu Mandara A languages A fam5 Mandara Lamang languages Mandara Lamang fam6 Mandara languages Mandara The Glavda languages belong to the Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic family and are spoken in Nigeria . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Th languages are Glavda language Glavda , Cineni language Cineni , Dghwede language Dghwede , Guduf Gava language Guduf Gava , and Gvoko language Gvoko . Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90829 Ethnologue entry for Glavda languages Category Biu Mandara languages Category Languages of Nigeria BiuMandara lang stub Nigeria stub ... more details
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- Languages of Asia
a number of families and some unrelated isolates. Many languages have a long tradition of writing. Central and North Asian languages Altaic languages Turkic languages Turkic Azerbaijani language ... language Turkmen Uyghur language Uyghur Uzbek language Uzbek Mongolic languages Mongolic Buryat language Buryat Mongolian language Mongolian Tungusic languages Sometimes classified as Altaic languages Ainu language Ainu Japonic languages Japonic Japanese language Japanese Ryukyuan languages Ryukyuan Korean language Uralic languages Yukaghir languages Chukotko Kamchatkan languages Eskimo Aleut languages Nivkh language Nivkh Yeniseian languages East Asian See also East Asian languages Sino Tibetan languages Chinese languages Also see Languages of China Yue Chinese Cantonese Gan Chinese Gan ... Asian languages See also Classification schemes for Southeast Asian languages Sino Austronesian languages East Asian languages East Asian languages ? Austric languages ? Austro Asiatic languages Khasi language Khasi Khmer language Khmer Mon language Mon Kuy language Kuy Nicobarese languages Nicobarese Vietnamese language Vietnamese Munda languages Santali language Santali Hmong Mien languages Hmongic languages Mienic languages Tai Kadai languages Gelao language Gelao Buyang language Buyang Hlai language Hlai Zhuang language Zhuang Lao language Lao Nyaw Thai language Thai Austronesian languages Formosan languages Atayal language Atayal Paiwan language Paiwan Malayo Polynesian languages Borneo Philippines languages Cebuano language Cebuano Hiligaynon language Hiligaynon Ilokano language Ilokano Tagalog language Tagalog Nuclear Malayo Polynesian languages Cham language Cham Indonesian ... language Tetum Sino Tibetan languages Tibeto Burman languages Bodo language Bodo Burmese language Burmese Chin languages Dzongkha language Dzongkha Jingpho language Jingpho Karen language Karen Kayah language Kayah Kiranti languages Meitei language Meitei Mizo language Mizo Rahkine Tibetan language ... more details
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- A priori (languages)
This is the article about constructed languages. For other uses of the term a priori, see a priori . An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori languages a posteriori constructed languages. Examples of a priori languages include Ro language Ro , Solresol , Mirad , Klingon language Klingon , and Na vi language Na vi . By contrast, a posteriori languages are ones whose vocabulary is based on existing languages, either as a variation of one language e.g., Latino sine flexione or as a mixture of various languages. Some a priori languages are designed to be international auxiliary language s that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for a posteriori languages. Some a priori languages try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. These are also known as philosophical language philosophical or taxonomic languages . References Alan Libert, A Priori Artificial Languages Languages of the World 24. Munich Lincom Europa, 2000 . ISBN 3895866679. Constructed languages Category Constructed languages A priori Languages conlang stub eo Apriora lingvo hu A priori nyelvek ja pl J zyki aprioryczne pt L ngua artificial a priori ru simple A priori languages ... more details
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- Melanesian languages
Unreferenced date December 2009 The Melanesian languages are the indigenous languages of Melanesia . They include about 400 Austronesian languages parts of the Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian family and numerous families of Papuan languages . DEFAULTSORT Melanesian Languages lt Melanezie i kalbos pl J zyki melanezyjskie ru Category Languages ... more details
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- Kim languages
Infobox Language family name Kim region southern Chad familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo fam3 Savanna languages Savannas fam4 Mbum Day languages Mbum Day The Kim languages are a small group of the Mbum Day languages of the Savanna languages Savanna family , spoken in southern Chad . They are Besme, Goundo, and Kim language Kim . They were labeled G14 in Joseph Greenberg s Adamawa languages Adamawa language family proposal. nc lang stub Category Adamawa languages ... more details
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