A chemicallaser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction . Chemical lasers can achieve ... device is incorporated into the resonator. Origin of the CW chemical HF DF laser The motivation for a chemical ... Pimentel, and Bob Freiberg, for example have been credited as being the inventor of the chemicallaser, though these researchers worked independently. Clearly it depends on how you define chemicallaser, and there were many steps along the way to a purely chemically pumped chemicallaser. A pulsed chemical ... and GC Pimentel, Phys Rev Letters 14, 352 1965 HCl chemicallaser, cited in some later reviews as the first chemicallaser. ref First, hydrogen chloride was pumped optically so vigorously that the molecule ... 2 sub transfer laser. Although this work did not produce a purely chemical continuous wave laser, it paved ... in 1971. The Laser Continuous wave and pulsed lasers continuous wave CW chemical HF laser was first ... Laser, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 1, No. 5, September 1969, pp. 493 494 ... Wave ChemicalLaser, US Patent No. 3,688,215, Aug. 29, 1972. ref by researchers at The Aerospace ... discharge, this also fell short of being a purely chemicallaser. Later work at the US Army, US Air Force, and US Navy used only chemical reactions to drive a true chemicallaser, meaning that only chemical ... R. Hofland and H. Mirels, Flame Sheet Analysis of CW Diffusion Type ChemicalLaser. 1 Uncoupled Radiation ... solution ref W. S. King and H. Mirels, Numerical Study of a Diffusion Type ChemicalLaser, AIAA Journal .... Hofland and W. S. King, Simplified Model of CW Diffusion Type ChemicalLaser, 10th AIAA Aerospace ... 1973, pp. 156 184. ref describing CW HF chemicallaser performance. Chemical lasers stimulated the use ... of Northrop Grumman. Based on this work, by Ronald McNair NASA , chemicallaser models were developed ... power continuous laser, of any type, developed to date 2007 . TRW also produced a cylindrical chemical ..., and the chemical oxygen iodine laser COIL gained the most interest, producing radiation at 1.315 ... more details
Chemical oxygen iodine laser , or COIL , is an infrared chemicallaser . As the beam is infrared, it cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is capable of output power scaling up to megawatts in continuous mode Citation needed date February 2008 . Its output wavelength is 1.315 m, the wavelength of transition of atomic iodine. The laser is fed with gaseous chlorine , molecular iodine , and an aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide . The aqueous peroxide solution undergoes chemical reaction with chlorine, producing heat, potassium chloride , and oxygen in excited state, singlet delta oxygen. Spontaneous transition of excited oxygen to the triplet sigma ground state is forbidden giving the excited oxygen a spontaneous lifetime of about 45 minutes. This allows the singlet oxygen singlet delta oxygen to transfer its energy to the iodine molecules injected to the gas stream they are nearly resonant with the singlet oxygen, so the energy transfer during the collision ... Improvement ChemicalLaser, is a 20 kW COIL laser tested by the United States Air Force in around ... m in the optical resonator region of the laser. The laser operates at relatively low gas pressures ... by metals, making it suitable for laser cutting and drilling. Rapid cutting of stainless steel ... weapon laser for the military airborne laser and advanced tactical laser programs. On February 11, 2010 ... in a test conducted with a laser aboard a Boeing jumbo jet that took off from the Point Mugu Naval Warfare ... phase iodine laser AGIL is a similar construction using all gas reagents, more suitable for aerospace ... military aviation space article 2008 03 how it works airborne laser cannon Popular Science The Flying Laser Cannon http www.freepatentsonline.com EP0891025.html Patent for the High energy airborne chemical oxygen iodine laser COIL http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 7531046.stm Laser jumbo testing moves ahead Category Chemical lasers Category American inventions ru ... more details
Raman spectroscopy . Chemical lasers Chemicallaser s are powered by a chemical reaction permitting ...Other uses pp semi small yes Infobox Product title Laser image Image Military laser experiment.jpg center 250px caption United States Air Force laser experiment inventor Charles Hard Townes launch year 1960 company available Worldwide current supplier last production notes File Laser play.jpg 250px thumb Laser beams in fog, reflected on a car windshield A laser is a device that emits light electromagnetic ... s. The term laser originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ... laser title laser publisher Reference.com ref The emitted laser light is notable for its high degree ... diffraction limited , often a so called pencil beam. Laser beams can be focused to very tiny spots ... to red 700nm . The word laser started as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission ... visible light , hence infrared laser , ultraviolet laser , X ray laser , and so on. Because the microwave predecessor of the laser, the maser , was developed first, devices of this sort operating ... , the laser was called an optical maser this term is now obsolete. ref cite web title Schawlow and Townes invent the laser publisher Lucent Technologies year 1998 url http www.bell labs.com about history laser accessdate 2006 10 24 ref A laser which produces light by itself is technically an optical ... amplifiers have come to be referred to as laser amplifiers , notwithstanding the apparent redundancy ..., meaning to produce laser light, ref http dictionary.reference.com browse lase Dictionary.com lase ref especially in reference to the gain medium of a laser when a laser is operating it is said to be lasing. Further use of the words laser and maser in an extended sense, not referring to laser technology or devices, can be seen in usages such as astrophysical maser and atom laser . Design Image Laser.svg thumb Principal components br 1. Gain medium br 2. Laser pumping energy br 3. High reflector ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 file Lasercons.svg frame 300px right Schematic diagram of a typical laser, showing the three major parts A laser is constructed from three principal parts An energy source usually referred to as the Laser pumping pump or pump source , A gain medium or Active laser medium laser medium , and Two or more mirrors that form an optical resonator . Pump source The pump source is the part that provides energy to the laser system. Examples of pump sources include electrical discharges, flashlamps, arc lamps, light from another laser, chemical reactions and even explosive devices ... how the energy is transmitted to the medium. A helium neon Helium neon laser HeNe laser uses an electrical discharge in the helium neon gas mixture, a Nd YAG laser uses either light focused from a xenon flash lamp or Laser diode diode lasers , and excimer lasers use a chemical reaction. Gain medium Laser medium The gain medium is the major determining factor of the wavelength of operation, and other properties, of the laser . Gain media in different materials have linear spectra or wide spectra. Gain media with wide spectra allow tune frequency of laser. First wide tunable crystal laser with tunabulity ... of different gain media in which laser operation has been achieved see list of laser types for a list ... media include Liquids, such as dye lasers. These are usually organic chemistry organic chemical solvents , such as methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol, to which are added chemical dyes such as coumarin , rhodamine and fluorescein . The exact chemical configuration of the dye molecules determines the operation wavelength of the dye laser . Gases, such as carbon dioxide , argon , krypton and mixtures ... laser media include Nd YAG, Ti sapphire laser Ti sapphire , Cr sapphire usually known as ruby , Cr LiSAF ... lasers are usually pumped by flashlamps or light from another laser. Semiconductor s, a type of solid ... of electron s can cause laser action. Semiconductor lasers are typically very small, and can ... more details
transfer in the neon oxygen laser the first chemicallaser , and collision excitation in several ... neon laser HeNe on alignment rig, 2 Watt Lexel 88 Argon Ion laser, and power supply. To the rear are hoses for water cooling . An ion laser is a gas laser which uses an ion ized gas as its lasing medium. ref GoldBookRef title ion laser file I03219 ref Like other gas lasers, ion lasers feature a sealed cavity containing the laser medium and mirrors forming a Fabry P rot resonator. Unlike Helium neon laser HeNe lasers , the energy level transitions that contribute to laser action come from ion ... cooling water cooled . A small air cooled ion laser might produce, for example, 130mW of light with a tube ... of heat which must be dissipated. Types Krypton laser A krypton laser is an ion laser, a type of gas laser using krypton ion s as a gain medium , laser pumping pumped by electric discharge . Krypton ... light lasers, useful for laser light shows. Krypton lasers are also used in medicine eg. for coagulation ... nm, 676.4 nm. Argon laser This section is linked from Laser File Nci vol 2268 300 argon ion laser.jpg left thumb This argon ion laser emits blue green light at 488 514 nm. The Argon laser was invented in 1964 by William Bridges at Hughes Aircraft ref W. B. Bridges, LASER OSCILLATION IN SINGLY ... l phototherapy for diabetes , lithography , and laser pumping pumping other lasers. Argon lasers emit ... disks. In comparison with the helium neon laser s requiring just a few milliamps, the current used for pumping the krypton laser ranges in several amperes, as the gas has to be ionized. The ion laser tube produces a lot of waste heat and requires active cooling. The typical noble gas ion laser ... inventor of the first gas laser the helium neon laser , was first to observe spectral hole burning effects in gas lasers, and created a theory of hole burning effects on laser oscillation. He was co ... in a laser with output wavelengths that appear as white light. Helium Cadmium, Blue laser emission ... more details
Laser propulsion is a form of beam powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote usually ground based laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellant s carried on board the vehicle. History The concept of laser propelled vehicles was first introduced by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972. Laser propulsion systems may transfer momentum to a spacecraft in two ... behind the propulsion of solar sail s and laser sails. A second way of driving momentum ... the laser to help expel mass from the spacecraft as in a conventional rocket. The second class ... equation . Forms There are several forms of laser propulsion. Ablative laser propulsion Ablative Laser Propulsion ALP is a form of beam powered propulsion in which an external pulsed laser is used to burn .... Material is directly removed from a solid or liquid surface at high velocities by laser ablation by a pulsed laser. Depending on the laser flux and pulse duration, the material can be simply heated ... and laser pulse characteristics. Variations of ablative propulsion include double pulse propulsion in which one laser pulse ablates material and a second laser pulse further heats the ablated gas, laser micropropulsion in which a small laser onboard a spacecraft ablates very small amounts of propellant for attitude control or maneuvering, and space debris removal, in which the laser ... of the UAH Laser Propulsion Group, until he was convicted of murdering his wife and sentenced ... of the gas usually air . This causes an expanding shock wave which absorbs laser energy at the shock front a laser sustained detonation wave or LSD wave expansion of the hot plasma behind the shock front ... as the working fluid is the simplest form of air breathing laser propulsion. The record breaking Lightcraft .... CW plasma propulsion A continuous laser beam focused in a flowing stream of gas creates ... more details
Laser bonding is a marking technique that uses laser s and other forms of radiant energy to bond an additive marking substance to a wide range of substrates. Invented in 1997, this patent protected technology ref USPTO 6,238,847 ref delivers permanent marks on metals, glass and ceramic parts for a diverse ... industries. It differs from the more widely known techniques of laser engraving and laser ablation in that it is an additive ... firing process replaced by a laser, with its permanent bond fired on in seconds. Laser bonding has been achieved by Nd YAG , carbon dioxide laser CO sub 2 sub laser , Fiber laser and Diode pumped solid state laser and can be made by other forms of radiant energy. Laser bonding is often referred ... , Cleveland Ohio, USA. This trademark, like Xerox, has become synonymous with the laser bonding process. The laser bonding process Mark quality depends on a variety of factors, including the substrate used, marking speed, laser spot size, beam overlap, materials thickness, and laser parameters ... 1. Application of the marking material 2. Bonding of the marking material with a laser. 3. Removal ... it is as durable as the subsrate itself. The durability of laser bonded markings Markings placed on stainless steel are extremely durable and have survived such testing as abrasion resistance, chemical ... Space Station , or ISS , was home to aluminum squares laser marked with CerMark marking material ... laser bonding. The material test coupons were then affixed to spaces provided on test panels, which .... 11, 2005. ref . The laser bonding process is outlined and specified in both military ref MIL STD 130M DOD Marking Standard, p.24, Table II ref and NASA ref NASA HDBK 6003 NASA Marking Handbook, Laser Bonding Section 5.1.5, p.15 ref marking specifications and standards. Laser bonding is also a preferred ... IUID . See also Laser engraving Laser ablation Laser applications References references Category Laser applications ... more details
Raman spectroscopy . Nitrogen laser Ion laser Gas dynamic laserChemical lasers Chemicallaser s are powered by a chemical reaction, and can achieve high powers in continuous operation. For example, in the Hydrogen fluoride laser 2700 2900 nm and the Deuterium fluoride laser 3800 nm ...A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light. The gas laser was the first continuous light laser and the first laser to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. The first gas laser, the Helium neon laser .... Citation needed date October 2010 Types of gas laser Gas lasers using many gases have been built and used for many purposes. The Helium Neon or HeNe laser can be made to oscillate at over 160 different ... of kilowatts ref cite web title Air Force Research Lab s high power CO sub 2 sub laser work Defense ... and welding. The efficiency of a CO sub 2 sub laser is over 10 . Carbon Monoxide or CO lasers have the potential for very large outputs, but the use of this type of laser is limited by the extreme ... care must be used when contructing and using CO lasers. Ion laser Argon ion lasers emit light in the range 351 528.7 nm. Depending on the optics and the laser tube a different number of lines ... TEA laser transverse electrical discharge in gas at atmospheric pressure TEA laser is an inexpensive gas laser producing UV light at 337.1 nm. ref cite web last Csele first Mark title The TEA Nitrogen Gas Laser work Homebuilt Lasers Page year 2004 url http www.technology.niagarac.on.ca people ... trifluoride . They were invented by George C. Pimentel . Excimer lasers Excimer laser s are powered by a chemical reaction involving an excited dimer , or excimer , which is a short lived dimeric ... 0412819104 ref Advantages High volume of Active laser medium active material Active material is relatively ... the Optical cavity cavity Applications He Ne laser is mainly used in making holograms. In laser printing ... more details
Meanings of Laser Class Laser dinghy a class of sail boat Laser safety classification of laser products concerning safety hazards disambig ... more details
. Chemical hazards may include materials intrinsic to the laser, such as beryllium oxide in argon ...File Laser symbol text.svg thumb 200px right A typical laser hazard sign warning symbol. Laser safety is safe design, use and implementation of lasers to minimise the risk of laser accidents, especially those involving eye injuries. Since even relatively small amounts of laser light can lead to permanent ... and IEC 60825 internationally, define classes of laser depending on their power and wavelength. These regulations ..., and wearing laser safety goggles when operating lasers. Laser radiation hazards Laser radiation ... angle of laser light and the focusing mechanism of the eye means that laser light can be concentrated ... retinal photoreceptor cell s. If the laser is sufficiently powerful, permanent damage can occur within ... to near infrared laser radiation 400 1400 1 E 9 m nm will penetrate the eyeball and may cause heating of the retina, whereas exposure to laser radiation with wavelengths less than 400 ... of cataract s or Burn injury burn injuries. ref cite web url http www.dermatology.org laser eyesafety.html title Laser Safety and the Eye Hidden Hazards and Practical Pearls author Osama Bader ... to high power Nd YAG laser emitting invisible 1064 nm radiation, may not feel pain or notice immediate ... blind spot . ref cite journal title A traumatic macular hole secondary to a high energy Nd YAG laser ... chemical reactions in tissue. Photochemical damage occurs mostly with short wavelength blue and ultra violet light and can be accumulated over the course of hours. Laser pulses shorter than about 1 ... infrared light onto the retina. A laser beam can be focused to an intensity on the retina which may be up to 200,000 times higher than at the point where the laser beam enters the eye. Most of the light ... is usually much less sensitive to laser light than the eye, but excessive exposure to ultraviolet light from any source laser or non laser can cause short and long term effects similar to sunburn ... more details
Wiktionary laser A laser is a device which generates a coherent beam of light. Laser may also refer to Transportation Laser sailboat Ford Laser , a compact car sold outside the United States from 1980 2003 Chrysler Laser , a hatchback car sold from 1985 1986 Plymouth Laser , a sports coupe sold from 1989 1994 LASER Airlines Computing MPEG 4 Part 20 , a rich media standard VTech Laser 200 , an 8 bit home computer Laser 128 , a clone of the Apple II home computer Other uses Laser debit card , the primary debit card system used in Ireland. Laser roller coaster Lasers album Lasers album , by Lupe Fiasco Silphium , an extinct plant, of the genus Ferula , which produced a resin also called laserLaser genus , a plant genus of the family Apiaceae Dieter Laser , German actor See also Atom laser Lazar disambiguation Lazer disambiguation disambig da Laser flertydig de Laser Begriffskl rung fr Laser homonymie ko it Laser disambigua he nl Laser ja pl Laser ujednoznacznienie ru fi Laser t smennyssivu sv Laser olika betydelser ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Linelaser.jpg thumb 220px right A line laser is a laser with an Optics optic , to generate a laser line instead of a point e.g. laser pointer . Different types of optics generate different patterns. Usage 3D scanner laser scanning laser line level laser level surveying DEFAULTSORT Line Laser Category Surveying Category Laser image generation de Linienlaser ... more details
An excimer laser sometimes more correctly called an exciplex laser is a form of ultraviolet laser which ... , while exciplex is short for excited complex chemistry complex . An excimer laserlaser construction ... only exist in an energized state and can give rise to laser light in the ultraviolet range. ref GoldBookRef title excimer laser file E02243 ref ref Basting, D. and Marowsky, G., Eds., Excimer Laser Technology ... excimer laser lithography ref name ieee1982 Jain, K. et al., Ultrafast deep UV lithography with excimer ... an excimer laser , IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 5, p. 24 1984 http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpls abs all.jsp?arnumber 1484194&tag 1 ref ref name spie1990 Jain, K. Excimer Laser Lithography , SPIE ... laser lithography has thus played a critical role in the continued advance of the so called Moore ..., Oct. 2010, p. 20. http spie.org x42152.xml ref The UV light from an excimer laser is well absorbed ... laser adds enough energy to disrupt the molecular bonds of the surface tissue, which effectively ... lasers The first excimer laser was invented in 1970 ref Basov, N. G. et al., Zh. Eksp. Fiz. i Tekh ... by many groups in 1975 ref Basting, D. et al., History and future prospects of excimer laser technology, 2nd International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication, pages 14 22. ref was the use ... Research and Technology Center , ref Ault, E. R. et al. 1975 , High power xenon fluoride laser ..., C. A. 1975 , Laser action on the 2 Sigma 1 2 2 Sigma 1 2 bands of KrF and XeCl, Appl. Phys. Lett ..., J. M. 1975 , 100 MW, 248.4 nm, KrF laser excited by an electron beam, Optics Comm., vol. 15, no. 2, pages 188 189. ref Laser action in an excimer molecule occurs because it has a bound associative ... and krypton are highly inert and do not usually form chemical compound s. However, when in an excited ... name for such is exciplex laser . The wavelength of an excimer laser depends on the molecules used ... kHz and some have pulsewidths as large as 200 ns. For electric discharge pump see Nitrogen laser ... more details
Image Diode laser.jpg thumb right 250px A packaged laser diode with penny for scale. Image Laser diode chip.jpg thumb right 250px Image of the actual laser diode chip shown on the eye of a needle for scale contained within the package shown in the above image. Image Laser diode close up.jpg thumb right 250px This is a visible light micrograph of a laser diode taken from a CD ROM drive. Visible are the P ... a broken Collimator collimating lens . The laser diode is a laser where the active medium is a semiconductor similar to that found in a light emitting diode . The most common type of laser diode is formed ... referred to as injection laser diodes to distinguish them from optically pumped laser diodes. Theory of operation A laser diode is formed by doping semiconductors doping a very thin layer on the surface ... type semiconductor p type region, one above the other, resulting in a p n junction, or diode . Laser ... electrical bias across the laser diode causes the two species of charge carrier electron hole holes ... lasers, or injection laser diode ILD . As diode lasers are semiconductor devices, they may also be classified ... laser s. Another method of powering some diode lasers is the use of optical pumping. Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers OPSL use a III V semiconductor chip as the gain media, and another laser often another diode laser as the pump source. OPSL offer several advantages over ILDs, particularly in wavelength ... to enter scientific pump laser market.QP129867.dcmp rss.page 1.html M. Arrigoni, et. al., Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers Green OPSLs poised to enter scientific pump laser market , OptoIQ 2009 . ref ref http www.repairfaq.org sam laserdio.htm dioopsl Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser OPSL , Sam s Laser FAQs. ref When an electron and a hole are present in the same region, they may recombination ... vibrations, rather than as photons. Spontaneous emission gives the laser diode below lasing threshold similar properties to an LED . Spontaneous emission is necessary to initiate laser oscillation, but it is one ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Laser guidance is a technique of guiding a missile or other projectile or vehicle to a target by means of a laser beam. Some laser guided systems utilise beam riding guidance, but most operate more similarly to semi active radar homing SARH . This technique is sometimes called SALH , for Semi Active Laser Homing . With this technique, a laser is kept pointed at the target and the laser radiation bounces off the target and is scattered in all directions this is known as painting the target , or laser painting . The missile, bomb, etc. is launched or dropped somewhere near the target. When it is close enough for some of the reflected laser energy from the target to reach it, a laser seeker detects which direction this energy is coming from and adjusts the projectile trajectory towards the source. While the projectile is in the general area and the laser is kept aimed at the target, the projectile should be guided accurately to the target. Note that laser guidance is not useful against targets that do not reflect much laser energy, including those coated in special paint which absorbs laser energy. This is likely to be widely used by advanced military vehicles in order to make it harder to use laser rangefinder s against them and harder to hit them with laser guided munitions. An obvious circumvention would be to aim the laser merely close to the target. Countermeasures to laser guidance are Laser warning receiver Laser detection systems , Smoke screen , active anti laser active protection systems. See also Laser guided bomb Missile types DEFAULTSORT Laser Guidance Category Missile guidance Missile stub id Pemandu laser it Missile a guida laser ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Distinguish laser hair removal Laser surgery is surgery using a laser to cut Tissue biology tissue instead of a scalpel . Examples include the use of a laser scalpel in otherwise conventional surgery, and soft tissue laser surgery , in which the laser beam vaporizes soft tissue with high water content. Laser resurfacing is a technique in which molecular bond s of a material are dissolved by a laser. Laser surgery is commonly used on the human eye eye . Techniques used include LASIK , which is used to correct near and far sightedness in vision, and photorefractive keratectomy , a procedure which permanently reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser to remove a small amount of tissue. Green laser surgery is used for the treatment reduction of enlarged prostates. Laser surgery is much safer than normal surgery as it makes no physical contact so no infections are spread. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Laser Surgery Category Laser medicine Category Surgery Surgery stub ko ... more details
Image Hp laserjet 4200dtns.jpg thumb 250px HP LaserJet 4200 series printer History of printing A laser ... on Special fine paper plain paper . As with digital photocopier s and multifunction printer s MFPs , laser ... in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer s photoreceptor. Overview A laser beam projects an image of the page to be printed onto an electrically charged ... printers , laser printer speed can vary widely, and depends on many factors, including the graphic ... minute 12,000 pages per hour . The fastest colour laser printers can print over 100 pages per minute 6000 pages per hour . Very high speed laser printers are used for mass mailings of personalized documents ... applications. . ref cite web author url http www.papergear.com xerox news facts about laser printing.html title Facts about laser printing access date 2010 09 01 publisher Papergear.com date 2010 09 01 ... can also give a slower page printing speed, because of the longer paper path. In comparison with the laser ... for more data. A laser printer is unable to work this way because such a large amount of data needs .... The laser printer was invented at Xerox in 1969 by researcher Gary Starkweather , who had an improved ... books?id JTYPKxug49IC&pg PA152&dq starkweather laser printer&as brr 0&ei DpHkRsKzPJfopQKTnazMDA&sig ... books?id FLabRYnGrOcC&pg RA2 PR48&dq starkweather laser printer 1971 parc&as brr 0&ei ... drum with 8 mirrored sides, with a laser focused on the drum. Light from the laser would bounce .... Citation needed date August 2008 The first commercial implementation of a laser printer was the IBM IBM model 3800 laser printer model 3800 in 1975, used for high volume printing of documents ... 2008 Deleted image removed Image Pa 1977 9700 medium.jpg left thumb 250px left Xerox 9700 laser printer ca. 1977 The first laser printer designed for use in an office setting was released with the Xerox ... s became more widespread, the first laser printer intended for a mass market was the Hewlett Packard ... more details
442 443 ref Other types Chemical reaction is used as a power source in chemicallaser s. This allows ...Image Ruby laser pumping cavity assembled and disassembled.JPG thumb 350px A ruby laser head. The photo .... The photo on the right shows the head assembled. Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser . The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing ..., the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier . The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser. The pump ... been used, such as Chemical reaction chemical or nuclear reaction s. Optical pumping main Optical pumping Pumping cavities A laser pumped with an arc lamp or a flashlamp is usually pumped through the lateral ... most of the lamp s energy into the rod or dye cell. Image Various laser pumping cavity cross section shapes.JPG thumb 300px Various laser pumping cavity configurations. In the most common ... laser engineering by Walter Koechner Springer Verlag 1965 Page 376 ref For a single flashlamp, if the lamp ... the rod s energy before it can properly build up. ref Solid state laser engineering by Walter Koechner ... s angle to minimize this effect. ref Solid state laser engineering by Walter Koechner Springer Verlag .... ref name ReferenceA Solid state laser engineering by Walter Koechner Springer Verlag 1965 Page 368 ... reflectors. ref Solid state laser engineering by Walter Koechner Springer Verlag 1965 Page 368 ... of the rod is polished. Cylindrical laser rods support whispering gallery modes due to total internal ... frosted , or grooved, internal reflections can be dispersed. ref Solid state laser engineering ..., improving the gain . ref Solid state laser engineering by Walter Koechner Springer Verlag 1965 Page 380 381 ref Laser host materials are chosen to have a low absorption only the dopant absorbs. Therefore ... thumb 300px Laser pumping lamps. The top three are xenon flashlamps while the bottom one is a krypton ... more details
About the Laser Radial the general Laser history and more information Laser dinghy Refimprove date December 2010 Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Laser Radial 160588 01.jpg crew 1 loa height m 4.23 lwl height m 3.81 beam height m 1.37 draft height m .787 hull convert 56.7 kg abbr on mastheight mainsail convert 5.7 m2 abbr on d pn rya pn phrf updated olympic current The Laser Radial is a popular ... licensed boat builders. It is a singlehanded boat, meaning that it is sailed by one person. The Laser Radial is a variant of the Laser Standard , with shorter mast and reduced sail area, allowing light sailors to sail in heavy winds. The Laser Radial was chosen as the Olympic class for singlehanded ... www.sailing.org olympics resultscentre.php title Laser Radial Women Overall Results work Beijing Olympics 2008 accessdate 2008 08 19 publisher International Sailing Federation ISAF ref The Laser Radial is generally sailed and raced by lighter weight sailors and is usually the choice of women Laser sailors. Men typically sail the Laser Standard which has a larger sail. The only difference between the Laser Standard and Laser Radial is the size of the sail and the length of the lower section of the mast .... Most larger regattas for the Laser class will generally have separate races for the Laser Standard, Laser Radial and Laser 4.7. The Laser Radial uses the same top section of the mast as the Laser ... than the full Laser Standard rig. Although the one design Laser rig and hull was introduced in 1971, the Radial sail and mast was created in the 1980s. In 1988 the Laser Women s World Championship began using the Laser Radial. They are a good training aid to start learning to sail a Laser but the Laser ... Laser Radial http www.laserinternational.org International Laser Association http www.laserperformance.com ... of the Laser Class Laser Boats Olympic class sailboats Olympic Games Sailing International Dinghies ... da Laser Radial it Laser barca a vela Laser Radial sr fi Laser Radial sv Laser Radial ... more details
A laser jammer is a device typically used by drivers to prevent law enforcement officers from obtaining speed readings using a laser gun. Laser jammers are not to be confused with Radar jamming and deception Radar jamming in the civilian world radar jammers . Because these jammers are for laser and not radar, US federal laws prohibiting the use of radar jammers do not apply to these devices. However, several states have one or more laws that specifically prohibit the use of laser jammers, including California , Colorado , Illinois , Minnesota , Oklahoma , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Alaska . New York and Texas are currently trying to introduce legislation banning the use of laser jammers. ref cite web title USA Laser Jammer Laws url http www.guysoflidar.com usa laser jammer laws.html accessdate 2008 12 05 ref Laser jammers for civilian use have evolved greatly in the past 15 years. Different Lidar guns have different pulse rates and algorithms used to defeat laser jammers and or detect them. The first laser jammer ever produced was by K40 Electronics in 1996, known as the K40 Laser Defuser. Next came the Lidatek LE 10 Laser Echo by Lidatek LLC, then the Blinder M06 HP by Blinder International out of Denmark, then the Blinder M10 Twin, then the LE 20 to LE 30. Blinder remade the M10 Twin into the smarter M20 X treme series. Laser diode based jammers came out in 2006, known as the Anti Laser, Laser Pro Park, and Laser Interceptor. In comparison to the radar detector market, laser jammers aren t well known to police officers and most were proven not to work as advertised or at all. References reflist Category Electronic countermeasures Category Laser applications law enforcement stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Laser snow is the Precipitation chemistry precipitation of Cluster physics clustered atoms or molecules, induced by passing a laser beam through certain gas ses. DEFAULTSORT Laser Snow Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Atomic physics stub ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 infobox record label name Laser Vision image Image Laservision logo.gif parent founded founder status Active distributor Laser Vision Bangladesh br Hollywood Laser Vision USA & Canada genre Various callsigns country Bangladesh location Dhaka, Bangladesh url Laser Vision is a Bangladesh i record label . Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh is involved in core Distribution business business of distribution of copyrights licensed quality television programs, recording artists and full length Bengali cinema Bengali feature films released on DVD , VCD , CDs, Audio Video Magnetic tapes and cassettes. All of which has achieved through keen perception of the changing consumer practices, infrastructural investment, technological upgradations and a skilled, cohesive workforce. Hollywood Laser Vision Hollywood Laser Vision is the authorized licensed exclusive distributor of Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh to distribute copyright licensed master quality Laser Vision releases in North America. ref cite web url http hollywoodlaservision.com default.aspx title Hollywood Laser Vision, Home publisher hollywoodlaservision.com accessdate 2009 09 26 ref See also List of record labels References reflist External links http hollywoodlaservision.com default.aspx Hollywood Laser Vision Official Web Site Category Bangladeshi record labels ... more details
Image Janus laser 1975.jpg thumb right 350px The Janus laser as it appeared in 1975. The Janus laser was a then considered high power two beam infrared neodymium doped silica glass laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1974 for the study of inertial confinement fusion . Janus was built using about 100 pounds of Nd glass laser material. Initially, Janus was only capable of producing laser pulses of about 10 joules of energy. See also Laser Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory List of laser types External links http www.llnl.gov 50science lasers.html http www.osti.gov bridge servlets purl 16710 UOC0xx native 16710.pdf http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 1978SPIE..121..111G& db key PHY& data type HTML& format & high 44fac4eeaa10084 fusion experiments Category Inertial confinement fusion research lasers physics stub ... more details
For other Laser sailboats Laser sailboat Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Laser dinghy.svg caption ... Laser Class sailboat , also called Laser Standard and the Laser One is a popular one design class of small dinghy sailing sailing dinghy . According the Laser Class Rules the boat may be sailed ... boat manufacturers worldwide. The Laser is one of the most popular single handed dinghies in the world ... is that it is robust, simple to rig and sail. The Laser also provides very competitive racing .... The term Laser is often used to refer to the Laser Standard the largest of the sail plan rigs available for the Laser hull . However there are two other sail plan rigs available for the Laser Standard hull and a series of other Laser branded boats which are of a completely different hull designs. Examples include the Laser 2 dinghy Laser 2 and Laser Pico dinghy Laser Pico . The Laser Standard, Laser Radial and Laser 4.7 are three types of Laser administered by the International Laser Class Association. History File Laser Radial 160588 02.jpg thumb Sailor hiking out on a Laser Radial ... held a regatta for boats under 1000, called America s Teacup . After a few sail modifications, the Laser ... TGIF, a common American abbreviation for Thank God it s Friday . It was renamed Laser after the Laser scientific mechanism and officially unveiled at the New York Boat Show in 1971. The Laser became ... edition of the boat was released that year in commemoration. A version with a smaller sail, the Laser ... of the Laser Class is Robert Scheidt nickname El Demolidor from Brazil he won the world championship eight times and won two gold and one silver Olympic medals. Design Image Laser Standard 160588 01.jpg thumb The Laser Standard As a one design class of sailboat, all Lasers are built to the same ... to lift onto a car top rack. The various sizes of Laser are all uni rigged they have only a main sail. The Laser Standard sail has sail area of 7.06 m 76 ft and, especially in higher winds 15 ... more details
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