cells that produce spermatia. As a result, the Charales have the most complex structure of all green ... Chlorophyta, Charales . In Guiry, M.D., John, D.M., Rindi, F. and McCarthy, T.K. 2007. New Survey ..., Kolhapur. Further links http www.azote.se index.asp?q Charophyceae&lang eng&ref W Images of Charales ... ja no Kransalger pl Ramienicowce pt Charales ru sv Kransalger ... more details
Pondweed refers to many species and genera of aquatic plants and green algae Potamogeton , a diverse and worldwide genus Elodea , found in North America Aponogeton , in Africa, Asia and Australasia Groenlandia , a genus of aquatic plants Charales , an order of green algae Dab ... more details
Paraphyletic group image Chara sp reproductive structure.JPG domain Eukaryota unranked regnum Archaeplastida regnum Plantae divisio Charophyta included Mesostigmatophyceae br Klebsormidiophyceae br Zygnematophyceae Zygnematales Desmidiales br Charophyceae Coleochaetales Charales The Charophyta are a division of green algae , ref cite journal last Lewis first Louise A. coauthors Richard M. McCourt year 2004 title Green algae and the origin of land plants journal American Journal of Botany volume 91 issue 10 pages 1535 1556 url http www.amjbot.org cgi content abstract 91 10 1535 doi 10.3732 ajb.91.10.1535 format abstract ref including the closest relatives of the embryophyte plants. ref name pmid11743201 cite journal author Karol KG, McCourt RM, Cimino MT, Delwiche CF title The closest living relatives of land plants journal Science journal volume 294 issue 5550 pages 2351 3 year 2001 month December pmid 11743201 doi 10.1126 science.1065156 url http www.sciencemag.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11743201 ref In some groups, such as conjugating green algae, flagellate cells do not occur. The latter group does engage in sexual reproduction, and motility does not involve flagella, since they are totally lacking. Flagellate cells in the form of sperm are found in stoneworts Charales and Coleochaetales . Classification Because they exclude the embryophytes, the Charophyta make a paraphyletic group ref http tolweb.org Green plants 2382 ref although the division Charophyta is occasionally restricted to simply the Charales or stoneworts, which are monophyletic . Citation needed date September 2009 The Charophyta plus the embryophytes make up the Streptophyta , which is a monophyletic group. Distribution List of species. Chara aspera Deth. ex Wild. var. aspera Ireland Counties Down, Antrim and Londonderry. ref Morton, O. in Hackney, P. ed. 1992. Stewart & Corry s Flora of the North east of Ireland. Third edition . ISBN 0 853898 446 9 HB ref References reflist See also Strept ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Chara vulgaris image Chara vulgaris.jpeg image caption Chara vulgaris regnum Plant ae divisio Charophyta classis Charophyceae ordo Charales familia Characeae genus Chara alga Chara species C. vulgaris binomial Chara vulgaris binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. , 1753 subdivision ranks Subspecies subdivision Chara vulgaris excelsa T. F. Allen R. Wood br Chara vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus Chara vulgaris is a green alga species in the genus Chara alga Chara . See also List of sequenced plastomes External links ITIS id 9446 wikispecies commons References reflist Category Green algae Chara vulgaris category Plants described in 1753 algae stub ... more details
Football player infobox image playername Alexis Henriquez fullname Alexis Hector Henriquez Charales height height m 1.90 nickname dateofbirth birth date and age 1983 1 2 cityofbirth Santa Marta countryofbirth Colombia currentclub Once Caldas clubnumber 3 position defender football Center back youthyears youthclubs years 2002 present clubs Once Caldas caps goals 145 6 nationalyears 2008 Present nationalteam Colombia national football team nationalcaps goals pcupdate August 1 2009 Alexis Hector Henriquez Charales is an Colombia n football soccer football center back. He was born on January 2, 1983, in the city of Santa Marta Colombia . He currently plays for Once Caldas in Colombia . He is a Network Engineer at Hypercom. In 2004 he was part of the squad but not the team that won the Copa Libertadores Copa Libertadores 2004 2004 . External links http www.national football teams.com v2 player.php?id 28706 Career Stats Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Henriquez, Alexis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1983 PLACE OF BIRTH Santa Marta , Colombia DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Henriquez, Alexis Category 1983 births Category Living people Category Colombian footballers Category Association football defenders Category Once Caldas players Colombia footybio stub ... more details
Taxobox image Ephedra chilensis 1.JPG name Streptophytina regnum Plantae unranked classis Streptophytina subdivision ranks Classes Charophyceae br Embryophyceae Streptophytina is formally a subdivision botany subdivision or subphylum but sometimes used at the division level, where more appropriate would be the use of the term Streptophyta, see below which contains two classes Charophyceae , containing the Charales order Charophyte s sensu stricto and Embryophyceae , which contains the embryophyte s land plants , bryophytes , and vascular plants . The term streptophyta , formally a term for a division botany division or phylum, is also used to indicate a subkingdom and used to include land plants embryophytes as well as several orders of green algae class Charophyceae previously included in the division Charophyta . ref http tolweb.org Green plants 2382 Green plants Bot generated title ref One study included Mesostigmatales , Chlorokybales , Klebsormidiales , Zygnematales , Coleochaetales and Charales in Streptophyta. ref name pmid16236178 cite journal author Turmel M, Otis C, Lemieux C title The complete chloroplast DNA sequences of the charophycean green algae Staurastrum and Zygnema reveal that the chloroplast genome underwent extensive changes during the evolution of the Zygnematales journal BMC Biol. volume 3 issue pages 22 year 2005 pmid 16236178 pmc 1277820 doi 10.1186 1741 7007 3 22 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1741 7007 3 22 ref References reflist Bremer, K. 1985 Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1 369 385. Lewis, L.A, McCourt, R.M. 2004 Green algae and the origin of land plants. http www.amjbot.org cgi content abstract 91 10 1535 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 91 10 1535 1556 OCT. Image Chara sp reproductive structure.JPG thumb reproductive structure of Chara External links http www.amjbot.org cgi content full 91 10 1437 The plant tree of life an overview and some points of view http www.sciencemag.org cgi reprint 294 5550 2351.p ... more details
da pia o dos charales do Ninhou uma do badalo a escadeirar na Terruja do Cam es . Jornal de Minde n ... Cl ssica Editora, 101 143. Martins, Ab lio Madeira et al. 1993 . Pia o dos Charales do Ninhou ... Charales do Ninhou . Minde Centro de Artes e Of cios Roque Gameiro. Martins, Ab lio Madeira Nogueira ... more details
File Inre fladan maxmo.jpg thumb right 300px Inre fladan , a flad in Maxmo , Finland . Flads and gloe lakes are different stages in the process when a bay in the sea turns into a freshwater lake due to post glacial rebound . Flads and gloe lakes exist in the Baltic Sea in Finland and Sweden . ref name kvarkenmilj http wwwp.ymparisto.fi miljo html fladoroglonMain sv.html Kvarken milj Flador och glon in Swedish ref The process can be divided into four stages Preliminary stage In order for the process towards a gloe lake to start, a bay with some kind threshold or similar that makes the influx of water with the sea slower, is needed. As the land rises the threshold becomes shallower and the inflow of sea water slower. ref name kvarkenmilj Flad In the stage called a flad, the bay is still in continuous contact with the sea, but the influx of sea water is very slow and the impact of fresh water becomes more important. Often reed plant reed and other water plants make the influx of sea water even slower. ref name kvarkenmilj In its natural state a flad functions as a Refugium population biology refugium for species of the order Charales that are seemingly endangered in more open waters. ref cite journal last Munsterhjelm first Riggert coauthors Ekebom, Jan year 2002 title Flador och glon journal Finlands Natur issue 3 2002 pages 31 33 publisher Natur och Milj location Helsinki issn 0356 4509 url http www.naturochmiljo.fi sve arkiv artiklar i finlands artikel 10310 4879.html language Swedish accessdate 2009 03 16 ref At this stage human beings often interfere by dredging the threshold or cutting down reed to stop the bay becoming a flad. Gloe When the flad has definitely been cut off from the sea, i.e. the threshold has risen above sea level, a gloe has been formed. Sea water still enter the gloe at high tide or when storms create big enough waves. The vegetation gets more scarce in the gloe at this stage. ref name kvarkenmilj Gloe lake A gloe lake has been formed wh ... more details
Taxobox image image caption regnum Plant ae divisio Charophyta classis Charophyceae ordo Charales familia Characeae genus Nitella species N. flexilis binomial Nitella flexilis binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Carl Adolph Agardh C.Agardh ref name isbn0 7923 6780 4 cite book author title Straminipilous Fungi Systematics of the Peronosporomycetes, Including Sccounts of the Marine Dtraminipilous ProtIsts, the Plasmodiophorids, and Similar Organisms publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers location Boston year 2001 pages isbn 0 7923 6780 4 oclc doi accessdate ref Nitella flexilis is a freshwater ref cite web url http www.algaebase.org search species detail ?species id 27202 title Nitella flexilis Linnaeus C. Agardh accessdate 11 January 2010 ref species of Characeae characean algae that is used as a model organism for its large Cell biology cell size and relative ease of Algaculture cultivation in the laboratory. Description A robust species growing up to a meter long with axes up to 1mm wide. Branches in whorls once or twice divided. ref Ed . Guiry, M.D., John, D.M., Rindi, F. and McCarthy, T.K. 2007. New Survey of Clare Island. Volume 6 The Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 13 978 1 904890 31 7 ref Distribution The species has been recorded from several counties in Ireland . From the Eglinton Canal in Galway ref Pybus, C. and O Halloran. P. 2009. Distribution of some submerged aquatic macrophytes in the Eglinton Canal, Galway, Ir. Nat. J. 30 51 53 ref and in Counties County Down Down and County Londonderry Londonderry ref Morton, O. in Hackney, P. 1992. The Flora of the North east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen s University Belfast. ISBN 0 85389 446 9 ref River Dorree in Clare Island Co. Mayo 2004. ref Ed . Guiry, M.D., John, D.M., Rindi, F. and McCarthy, T.K. 2007. New Survey of Clare Island. Volume 6 The Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 13 978 1 904890 31 7 ref References reflist Category Green ... more details
1 Zygnematales and Desmidiales 2 clade 1 Coleochaetales 2 clade 1 Charales 2 Embryophyte s higher ... to the Charales, and a division Gamophyta is introduced for the Zygnematales and Desmidiales ... more details
of the National Park formed by different sorts of Chara genus Charales Chara hispida , Charales Chara major , Charales Chara canescens , also known locally as ovas , and were able to form an almost ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Chara image CharaFragilis.jpg image caption Chara globularis regnum Plant ae divisio Charophyta classis Charophyceae ordo Charales familia Characeae genus Chara genus authority Carolus Linnaeus L. , 1753 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Chara is a genus of green algae in the family Characeae . Structure Chara species are multicellular and superficially resemble land plants because of Plant stem stem like and leaf like structures. The branching system is complex with branches derived from apical cells which cut off segments at the base to form nodal and internodal cells alternately. They are typically anchored to the littoral Substrate biology substrate by means of branching underground rhizoid s. Chara plants are rough to the touch because of deposited calcium salts on the cell wall. The metabolic processes associated with this deposition often give Chara plants a distinctive and unpleasant smell of hydrogen sulfide . ref F.E.Round, The Biology of the algae, Ernest Arnold, 1966 ref Morphology The plant body is a gametophyte. It consists of a main axis differentiated into nodes and internodes , dimorphic branches long brach of unlimited growth and short branches of limited growth , rhizoids multicellular with oblique septa and stipulodes needle shaped structures at the base of secondary laterals. Occurrence Species are found in fresh water, particularly in limestone areas throughout the northern temperate zone. They prefer less oxygenated and hard water and are not found in the waters where mosquito larvae are present. Chara grow submerged attached to the muddy bottom of the pools and ponds of clear water. They are covered with calcium carbonate deposits. Reproduction Chara reproduces vegetatively and sexually. Vegetative reproduction takes place by tubers, amylum stars and secondary protonema. The fructifications for sexual reproduction are globule or antheridium male and nucule or archegonium female . Species Chara braunii IT ... more details
taxobox image Nitella mucronata.jpeg image caption Nitella mucronata domain Eukaryota regnum Archaeplastida divisio Charophyta classis Charophyceae ordo Charales familia Characeae genus Nitella genus authority Carl Adolph Agardh C.Agardh , 1824 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Nitella is a genus of alga in the family Characeae . ref name AlgaeBase cite web last Guiry first M.D. year 2008 title Nitella work AlgaeBase publisher World wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway url http www.algaebase.org search genus detail ?genus id 43354 accessdate 2010 01 11 ref Species Some species in the genus include ref name AlgaeBase Nitella acuminata A. Braun ex Wallman Nitella annandalei B.P. Pal Nitella australiensis F.M. Bailey J.C. van Raam Nitella axillaris A. Braun Nitella axilliformis Imahori Nitella capillaris f. elongata A. Braun Nitella comptonii J. Groves Nitella cristata A. Braun Nitella diffusa A. Braun Nitella flexilis Linnaeus C. Agardh Nitella furcata Roxburgh ex Bruzelius C. Agardh Nitella gelatinifera var. gelatinifera R.D. Wood Nitella gelatinosa var. opaca A. Braun Nitella gloeostachys var. major A. Braun & Nordstedt Nitella gracilens Morioka Nitella gracilis f. pseudoborealis Teodoresco Nitella gracillima T.F. Allen Nitella haagenii J.C. van Raam Nitella heterophylla A. Braun Nitella hookeri var. arthroglochin Nordstedt Nitella horikawae Imahori Nitella hyalina De Candolle C. Agardh Nitella ignescens Garc a Nitella imahorii R.D. Wood Nitella imperialis Allen Sakayama Nitella inversa Imahori Nitella leonhardii R.D. Wood Nitella leptoclada A. Braun Nitella leptostachys A. Braun Nitella megaspora J. Groves H. Sakayama Nitella mirabilis Nordstedt ex J. Groves Nitella moniliformis Zaneveld Nitella monopodiata J.C. van Raam Nitella moriokae R.D. Wood Nitella morongii T.F. Allen Nitella mucronata f. heteromorpha A. Braun Nitella myriotricha A. Braun Nitella myriotrichia subsp. acuminata D. Subramanian Nitella oligospira A. B ... more details
citations date January 2009 Image Mech plonnik mlode sporofity.jpg thumb 350px Young sporophytes of the common moss Tortula muralis . In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant generation, while the sporophytes consist of sporangium bearing stalks growing from the tips of the gametophyte s All land plants, and some algae , have life cycles in which a haploid gametophyte generation alternates with a diploid sporophyte , the generation of a plant or algae that has a double set of chromosome s. A multicellular sporophyte generation or phase is present in the life cycle of all land plants and in Charales some green algae . For common flowering plant s Angiosperms , the sporophyte generation makes up almost their whole life cycle i.e. whole green plant, roots etc. , except phases of small reproductive structures pollen and ovule . The sporophyte produces spore s hence the name , by meiosis . These meiospores develop into a gametophyte . Both the spores and the resulting gametophyte are haploid , meaning they only have one set of homologous chromosome s. The mature gametophyte produces male or female gamete s or both by mitosis . Sexual reproduction of plants The fusion of male and female gametes produces a diploid zygote which develops into a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alternation of generations or alternation of phases. Image Acer palmatum BotGartenMuenster Faecherahorn 6691.jpg 350px thumb In flowering plant s, the sporophyte comprises the whole multicellular body except the pollen and Ovule embryo sac In the normal course of events, the zygote and sporophyte will have a full double set of chromosomes again. An exception is when a diploid and haploid gamete fuse, resulting in a triploid sporophyte, which will usually be sterile, as dividing three sets of chromosome s into two halves causes complications. Bryophytes moss es, Marchantiophyta liverwort s and hornworts have a dominant gametophyte stage on which the adult sporophyte is dependent on the gametophy ... more details
from selenate supplied Charales Muskgrass 10 fold less than from selenite may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of Selenium Se in Charales Muskgrass . Charales Chara canescens Desv. & Lois Charales Muskgrass xxx Charales Muskgrass treated with selenite contains ... in Charales Muskgrass treated with selenate. ref X ray absorption spectroscopy speciation analysis ... more details
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