Image Chromosome.svg thumb Chromosomal components br 1 Chromatid br 2 Centromere br 3 Short arm br 4 Long arm Morefootnotes article date May 2011 A centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle ... along their length, but they are closest at the centromere. ref cite web url http ghr.nlm.nih.gov ... Reference publisher United States National Library of Medicine ref Centromere positions Linked in Lund ... date May 2011 Telocentric A telocentric chromosome s centromere is located at the terminal end ... If the chromosome s centromere is located closer to its end than to its center, it may be described ..., the entire length of the chromosome acts as the centromere. Examples of this type of centromere can ... science.270.5242.1591 title The Centromere Hub of Chromosomal Activities year 1995 last1 Pluta first1 ... of DNA and are often packaged into heterochromatin . In most eukaryotes , the centromere has no defined ... and sufficient to specify centromere identity and function in organisms with point centromeres. In budding yeasts, the centromere region is relatively small about 125 bp DNA and contains two ..., it is thought that epigenetic inheritance plays a major role in specifying the centromere. ref cite ... of sequence. It has been proposed that histone H3 variant CENP A Centromere Protein A is the epigenetic mark of the centromere. ref cite journal pages 3233 41 doi 10.1016 j.yexcr.2009.07.023 title ... pmid 19660450 ref The question arises whether there must be still some original way in which the centromere is specified, even if it is subsequently propagated epigenetically. If the centromere is inherited ..., the normal histone H3 is replaced with a centromere specific variant, CENP A in humans. ref cite journal ... of the kinetochore on the centromere. CENP C has been shown to localise almost exclusively ... cite journal pages 261 82 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2007.11.009 title Neocentromeres New Insights into Centromere ... of a neocentromere must be coupled with or followed or proceeded by the inactivation of the centromere ... more details
Image Antibody.svg thumb 127px A schematic representation of an antibody . Anti centromere antibodies ACA occur in auto immune disorders frequently in CREST syndrome limited systemic scleroderma , formerly called CREST Syndrome , and, occasionally are found in the diffuse form of scleroderma. They are rare in other rheumatic conditions and in healthy persons. Anti centromere antibodies are found in approximately 60 of patients with limited systemic scleroderma, and in 15 of those with diffuse form of scleroderma. The specificity of this test is 98 . Thus, a positive anticentromere antibody finding is strongly suggestive of limited systemic scleroderma. Anti centromere antibodies present early in the course of disease, and is notably predictive of limited cutaneous involvement and a decreased likelihood of aggressive internal organ involvement, such as lung fibrosis. ref JB Imboden, DB Hellmann, JH Stone. Current Rheumatology Diagnosis & Treatment, Second Edition. McGraw Hill, 2007. ref When present in primary biliary cirrhosis , ACA are prognostic of portal hypertension. ref name pmid17187436 cite journal author Nakamura M title Anti gp210 and anti centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis journal Hepatology volume 45 issue 1 pages 118 27 year 2007 pmid 17187436 doi 10.1002 hep.21472 author separator , author2 Kondo H author3 Mori T display authors 3 last4 Komori first4 Atsumasa last5 Matsuyama first5 Mutsumi last6 Ito first6 Masahiro last7 Takii first7 Yasushi last8 Koyabu first8 Makiko last9 Yokoyama first9 Terufumi ref References reflist Autoantibodies Category Autoantibodies C es Anticuerpos anticentr meros ... more details
PBB geneid 1059 Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus . In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene centromere protein B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1059 accessdate ref ref name pmid8406460 cite journal author Sugimoto K, Yata H, Himeno M title Mapping of the human CENP B gene to chromosome 20 and the CENP C gene to chromosome 12 by a rapid cycle DNA amplification procedure journal Genomics volume 17 issue 1 pages 240 2 year 1993 month July pmid 8406460 doi 10.1006 geno.1993.1312 url ref ref name pmid11884609 ... doi 10.1128 MCB.22.7.2229 2241.2002 url ref Function Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA binding protein that is derived from transposases ... an important role in the assembly of specific centromere structures in interphase nuclei and on mitotic chromosomes. It is also considered a major centromere autoantigen recognized by sera from patients with anti centromere antibodies. Clinical significance Centromere protein B is a potential biomarker ... K, Tzovaras V, Pafitanis G, Kostoula A, Mavridis A, Pavlidis N title CENP B specific anti centromere ... url ref See also Centromere References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author ... SY, Tanaka Y, et al. title Crystal structure of the human centromere protein B CENP B dimerization ... Human centromere protein B induces translational positioning of nucleosomes on alpha satellite sequences ... with CENP C domains containing Mif2 regions responsible for centromere localization journal J. Biol ... author Hellwig D, M nch S, Orthaus S, et al. title Live cell imaging reveals sustained centromere ... analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells UV damaged DNA binding protein 1 DDB ... External links MeshName Centromere protein B PDB Gallery geneid 1059 Chromosome genetics NLM content ... more details
PBB geneid 1062 Centromere associated protein E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPE gene . ref name pmid7851898 cite journal author Testa JR, Zhou JY, Bell DW, Yen TJ title Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the kinetochore proteins CENPE and CENPF to human chromosomes 4q24 q25 and 1q32 q41, respectively, by fluorescence in situ hybridization journal Genomics volume 23 issue 3 pages 691 3 year 1995 month Mar pmid 7851898 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1558 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPE centromere protein E, 312kDa url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1062 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Centromere associated protein E is a kinesin like motor protein that accumulates in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Unlike other centromere associated proteins, it is not present during interphase and first appears at the centromere region of chromosomes during prometaphase. CENPE is proposed to be one of the motors responsible for mammalian chromosome movement and or spindle elongation. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Yen TJ title CENP E is a putative kinetochore motor that accumulates just before mitosis journal Nature volume 359 issue 6395 pages 536 9 year 1992 pmid 1406971 doi 10.1038 359536a0 author separator , author2 Li G author3 Schaar BT display authors 3 last4 Szilak first4 Illya last5 Cleveland first5 Don W. cite journal author Yen TJ title CENP E, a novel human centromere associated protein required for progression from metaphase to anaphase journal EMBO J. volume 10 issue 5 pages 1245 54 year 1991 pmid 2022189 doi pmc 452779 author separator , author2 Compton DA author3 ... author Uren AG title Survivin and the inner centromere protein INCENP show similar cell cycle localization ... more details
Metacentric could refer to Metacentric height the distance between the center of gravity of a ship and its metacenter. Centromere Metacentric Metacentric Centromere the position of a centromere on a chromatid disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Dicentric chromosome is an aberrant chromosome having two centromere s. Dicentric chromosomes form when two chromosome segments from different chromosomes or from the two chromatids of a single one , each with a centromere, fuse end to end, with loss of their acentric fragments. Dicentrics, despite their two centromeres, may be mitotically stable if one of the two centromeres is inactivated, or if the two centromeres always coordinate their movement to one or the other pole during anaphase. Such chromosomes are formally called pseudodicentric. The most common pseudodicentrics involve the sex chromosomes or the acrocentric chromosomes Robertsonian translocation . Evaluation of centromere function by Fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH combined with immunofluorescence analysis of centromere and kinetochore proteins is a specialized procedure in some clinical cytogenetics laboratories. DEFAULTSORT Dicentric Chromosome Category Chromosomes Genetics stub ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Centromere.png right Image Chromosome upright.png frame Diagram of a duplicated and condensed metaphase eukaryotic chromosome. 1 Chromatid one of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase . 2 Centromere the point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach. 3 Short arm p . 4 Long arm q . Several chromosome regions have been defined by convenience in order to talk about gene locations. Most important is the distinction between chromosome region p and chromosome region q . These are virtual regions that exist in all chromosome s. During cell division , the molecules that compose chromosomes DNA and protein s suffer a condensation process called the chromatin condensation , and forms a compact and small complex. In diploid organisms, homologous Chromosomes homologous chromosomes get attached to each other by the centromere . The centromere divides each chromosome into two regions the smaller one, which is the p region, and the bigger one, the q region. Usually, as a convention, the p region is represented in the upper part of an image while the q region is in the bottom part. At either end of a chromosome is a telomere , a cap of DNA that protects the rest of the chromosome from damage. The areas of the p and q regions close to the telomeres are the subtelomere s, or subtelomeric regions. The areas closer to the centromere are the pericentronomic regions. Finally, the interstitial regions are the parts of the p and q regions that are close to neither the centromere nor the telomeres, but are roughly in the middle of p or q . Image subtelomere copy.jpg left DEFAULTSORT Chromosome Regions Category Chromosomes ... more details
Image Chromosome.svg thumb Chromosome Chromosomal components br BR 1 Chromatid BR 2 Centromere BR 3 Short arm BR 4 Long arm A chromatid is one of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome , which are joined at their centromere s, for the process of cell division mitosis or meiosis . They are called sister chromatids so long as they are joined by the centromeres. When they separate during anaphase of mitosis and anaphase 2 of meiosis , the strands are called daughter chromosomes. In other words, a chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome . ref http biology.about.com library glossary bldefchromatid.htm Chromatid A Cell Biology Definition Bot generated title ref It should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of Homologous chromosome homologous versions of a chromosome. Dyad A dyad is a pair of sister chromatids. This occurs in prophase I of meiosis . After DNA replication , the two sister chromatids align side by side and appear to have an undivided centromere , in contrast to mitosis , in which each chromatid appears to have its own separate centromere. The term dyad can also be used to describe protein morphology. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse dyad dyad 4 dictionary results ref References references Chromo wiktionarypar chromatid Category Chromosomes Category Molecular genetics Category Cell biology Category Mitosis ca Crom tide cs Chromatida da Kromatid de Chromatid es Crom tida eu Kromatida fa fr Chromatide gl Crom tida ko it Cromatidio he kk ku Kromat d nl Chromatide ja oc Cromatida pl Chromatyda pt Cromat dio ru simple Chromatid sr sv Kromatid tr Kromatit zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A spindle poison , also known as a spindle toxin , is a poison which disrupts cell division by affecting the protein threads which connect the centromere regions of chromosome s, known as spindles . Some spindle poisons Mebendazole Colchicine Griseofulvin Vinca alkaloid Vinca alkaloids Vinca Alkaloids Paclitaxel Taxol See also Taxane Mitotic inhibitor Chemotherapeutic agents antineoplastic drug stub Cell biology stub Category Poisons Category Mitotic inhibitors ... more details
PBB geneid 1060 Centromere protein C 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPC1 gene . ref name pmid7959789 cite journal author McKay S, Thomson E, Cooke H title Sequence homologies and linkage group conservation of the human and mouse Cenpc genes journal Genomics volume 22 issue 1 pages 36 40 year 1994 month Dec pmid 7959789 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1342 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPC1 centromere protein C 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1060 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Centromere protein C 1 is a centromere autoantigen and a component of the inner kinetochore plate. The protein is required for maintaining proper kinetochore size and a timely transition to anaphase ... FISH mapping of centromere protein C CENPC on human chromosome 4q31 q21. journal Cytogenet. Cell ... Xie Y, Ni ZM, Gu JR, et al. title Human chromosome pellicle antibody recognizing centromere protein ... association of intrinsic centromere protein CENP C with HDaxx, a death domain binding protein ... analysis of the central centromere targeting domain of human centromere protein C, CENP C . journal ... in vivo at specific centromere domains. journal J. Cell. Sci. volume 115 issue Pt 11 pages 2317 27 ... B interacts with CENP C domains containing Mif2 regions responsible for centromere localization ... cite journal author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere ... centromere protein CENP C fragments by small ubiquitin like modifier SUMO protein definitive identification ... Izuta H, Ikeno M, Suzuki N, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex ..., et al. title Centromere RNA is a key component for the assembly of nucleoproteins at the nucleolus and centromere. journal Genome Res. volume 17 issue 8 pages 1146 60 year 2007 pmid 17623812 doi 10.1101 ... more details
, and occur when the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere and the two short ... translocation results when the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere ... more details
T, Goshima G, Toyoda Y, Yanagida M title A conserved Mis12 centromere complex is linked to heterochromatic ... Entrez Gene CENPH centromere protein H url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 64946 accessdate ref Function Centromere and kinetochore proteins play a critical role in centromere structure, kinetochore formation, and Sister chromatids sister chromatid separation ... C, but not CENP A, to the centromere. However, it may be involved in the incorporation of newly ... role in the organization and function of the active centromere kinetochore complex. ref name ... relevance of Centromere protein H expression in esophageal carcinoma journal BMC Cancer volume ..., Mai HQ, Cao SM, Li MZ, Qin HD, Zeng YX, Zeng MS title Centromere protein H is a novel prognostic marker ... core and inner tandem repeat repeat region of the centromere. ref name pmid16079914 cite ... centromere. journal Mol. Cell volume 12 issue 2 pages 509 16 year 2003 pmid 14536089 doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 03 00279 X cite journal author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere ... H interacts with the Nuf2 complex that localizes to centromere during mitosis. journal Mol. Cell. Biol ... 549355 cite journal author Tomonaga T, Matsushita K, Ishibashi M, et al. title Centromere protein H ... Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal Genes ... doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2006.06.187 cite journal author Liao WT, Song LB, Zhang HZ, et al. title Centromere ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Constitutive heterochromatin domains are sections of DNA that occur throughout the chromosomes of eukaryotes , but particularly at the centromere s and telomere s. They often consist of very highly condensed, repetitive DNA and are largely transcriptionally silent. These regions normally appear darkly stained in karyogram s. Unlike facultative heterochromatin , constitutive heterochromatin is never converted back into euchromatin. The regions of DNA that exist as constitutive heterochromatin will be the same for all cells of a given species . Constituitive heterochromatin is stained specifically with the C banding technique. DEFAULTSORT Constitutive Heterochromatin Category DNA Genetics stub ... more details
CDD Inner centromere protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INCENP gene . ref name pmid1860899 ... pmc doi 10.1007 s004120100130 ref ref name entrez Cite web title Entrez Gene INCENP inner centromere ... 3619 accessdate ref In mammalian cells, two broad groups of centromere interacting proteins have been described constitutively binding centromere proteins and passenger or transiently ... others title The centromere edition language publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford Oxfordshire ... proteins include CENPA centromere protein A , centromere protein B CENPB , CENPC1 , and RCC1 CENPD . The term passenger proteins encompasses a broad collection of proteins that localize to the centromere ... centromere protein E CENPE KIF2C MCAK KIF22 KID cytoplasmic dynein e.g., DYNC1H1 CliPs e.g. CLIP1 and CENPF mitosin CENPF . The inner centromere proteins INCENPs , ref name pmid1860899 cite journal ... chromosome segregation, microtubule bundling and nuclear bridging in inner centromere protein ... pombe aurora related kinase Ark1 interacts with the inner centromere protein ... AM, Kandels Lewis SE, Mackay AM, Earnshaw WC title INCENP centromere and spindle targeting identification ... inner centromere protein INCENP and aurora B kinase during male mouse meiosis. journal J. Cell ... and binding to inner centromere protein INCENP in vivo. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 279 issue 7 pages ... G, Matsuzaki H, et al. title Direct association with inner centromere protein INCENP activates ... SM title Survivin mediates targeting of the chromosomal passenger complex to the centromere and midbody ... more details
doi 10.1016 j.jaut.2005.10.007 ref Anti mitochondrial antibodies Anti mitochondrial , anti centromere antibodies anti centromere ref name pmid17187436 cite journal author Nakamura M, Kondo H, Mori T, et al. title Anti gp210 and anti centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression ... progress toward end stage liver failure, patients with anti centromere antibodies often progress ... more details
PBB geneid 55839 Centromere protein N is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPN gene . ref name pmid16622419 cite journal author Foltz DR, Jansen LE, Black BE, Bailey AO, Yates JR 3rd, Cleveland DW title The human CENP A centromeric nucleosome associated complex journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 458 69 year 2006 month May pmid 16622419 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1397 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPN centromere protein N url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 55839 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. title Global, in vivo, and site specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. journal Cell volume 127 issue 3 pages 635 48 year 2006 pmid 17081983 doi 10.1016 j.cell.2006.09.026 cite journal author Izuta H, Ikeno M, Suzuki N, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal Genes Cells volume 11 issue 6 pages 673 84 year 2006 pmid 16716197 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2443.2006.00969.x cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, et al. title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres. journal Nat. Cell Biol. volume 8 issue 5 pages 446 57 year 2006 pmid 16622420 doi 10.1038 ncb1396 cite journal author Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. title The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full length cDNA project the Mammalian Gene Collection MGC . journal Genome Res. volume 14 issue 10B pages 2121 7 year 2004 pmid 15489334 doi 10.1101 gr.2596504 pmc 528928 cite journal author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere complex from ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 91687 Centromere protein L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPL gene . ref name pmid16622420 cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, Okawa K, McLeod IX, Yates JR 3rd, Desai A, Fukagawa T title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 446 57 year 2006 month May pmid 16622420 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1396 ref ref name pmid16622419 cite journal author Foltz DR, Jansen LE, Black BE, Bailey AO, Yates JR 3rd, Cleveland DW title The human CENP A centromeric nucleosome associated complex journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 458 69 year 2006 month May pmid 16622419 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1397 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPL centromere protein L url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 91687 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Izuta H, Ikeno M, Suzuki N, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal Genes Cells volume 11 issue 6 pages 673 84 year 2006 pmid 16716197 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2443.2006.00969.x cite journal author Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, et al. title The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. journal Nature volume 441 issue 7091 pages 315 21 year 2006 pmid 16710414 doi 10.1038 nature04727 cite journal author Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. title The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full length cDNA project the Mammalian Gene Collection MGC . journal Genome Res. volume ... author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa ... more details
PBB geneid 1058 Centromere protein A , also known as CENPA , is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene . ref name gene uid 1058 EntrezGene 1058 ref Centromeres are the differentiated chromosomal domains that specify the mitotic behavior of chromosomes. The CENPA gene encodes a centromere protein which contains a histone H3 related histone fold domain that is required for targeting to the centromere. CENPA is proposed to be a component of a modified nucleosome or nucleosome like structure in which it replaces 1 or both copies of conventional histone H3 in the H3 H4 2 tetrameric core of the nucleosome particle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoform s. ref name gene uid 1058 In higher eukaryotes, the recruitment of CENP A nucleosomes ..., de novo recruitment of the CENP A to the centromere is believed to be controlled by centromeric heterochromatin surrounding the centromere, and by a RNAi mechanism. The RNAi is cut to form ... the centromere H3 with CENP A. CENP A is one of the epigenetic changes that is believed to distinguish ... the CENP A has been added, the centromere becomes self propagating, and the surrounding heterochromatin ... pnas.88.9.3734 title Purification of the Centromere Specific Protein CENP A and Demonstration that it is a Distinctive ... to the centromere year 1994 last1 Sullivan first1 K. F. journal The Journal of Cell Biology ... first3 KF pmc 2134286 cite journal pages 5 9 doi 10.1016 S0014 5793 97 01583 4 title A novel centromere ... pages 218 23 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2249.2000.01189.x title Autoepitopes on autoantigen centromere protein ... RD cite journal pages 1319 28 doi 10.1016 S0960 9822 00 00769 7 title Survivin and the inner centromere ... jbc.M200620200 title Centromere Proteins Cenpa, Cenpb, and Bub3 Interact with Poly ADP ribose Polymerase ... first6 T last7 Yoda first7 K last8 Nomura first8 F title Overexpression and mistargeting of centromere ... title Proteomics analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells UV damaged DNA binding ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 An isochromosome is a chromosome that has lost one of its arms and replaced it with an exact copy of the other arm ref name nih rare diseases http rarediseases.info.nih.gov Glossary.aspx NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research, Terms and Definitions ref . This is sometimes seen in some females with Turner syndrome or in tumor cells. This may also cause an isochromosome to have two centromeres Tobias, 2011 Image Isochromosome.gif The chromosome arm is already copied during S phase of the cell cycle. During mitosis or meiosis I or II , the sister chromatid sets line up along the midline in metaphase. The affected chromosome simply lines up at a right angle to its normal position, and as anaphase begins, the centromere is divided in the opposite plane from all the other chromosomes. This leaves the two long arms together and the two short arms together. The two new mirror image chromosomes are pulled into opposite daughter cells. This produces two cells, each lacking one arm e.g. the short arm and containing an extra arm e.g. the long arm of the affected chromatid or vice versa .It can also be formed by exchange involving one arm of a chromosome and its homolog or sister chromatid at the proximal edge of the arm,adjacent to the centromere. If the chromosomal material contains imprinted genes, there will either be a deletion or duplication of the genetic material genes on the arm lost are deleted, genes on the arm mirrored are duplicated . Category Chromosomes reflist Essential Medical Genetics by Edward S. Tobias, Michael Conner and Malcolm Ferguson Smith, Wiley Blackwell 2011 genetics stub ar ca Isocromosoma es Isocromosoma de Isochromosom it Isocromosoma nl Isochromosoom pt Isocromossomo tr zokromozom ... more details
An acentric fragment is a Segment biology segment of a chromosome that lacks a centromere . ref Acentric Fragment, In Sydney Brenner and Jeffrey H. Miller, Editor s in Chief, Encyclopedia of Genetics , Academic Press, New York, 2001, Page 2, ISBN 978 0 12 227080 2, 10.1006 rwgn.2001.1750. ref Because the centromere is the point of attachment for the mitotic apparatus, acentric fragments are not evenly distributed to the daughter cell s in cell division mitosis and meiosis . As a result one of the daughters will lack the acentric fragment. Lack of the acentric fragment in one of the daughter cells may have deleterious consequences, depending on the function of the DNA in this region of the chromosome. In the case of a haploid organism or a gamete , it will be fatal if essential DNA is contained in that DNA segment. In the case of a diploid organism, the daughter cell lacking the acetric fragment will show expression of any recessive genes found in the homologous chromosome. Developmental geneticists look to cells and cell lineages lacking unpaired chromosome segments produced this way as a means of identifying essential genes for specific functions. Acentric fragments are commonly generated by chromosome breaking events, such as irradiation . Acentric fragments can also be produced when an inverted segment is present in one member of a chromosome pair. In that case, a crossover event will result in one chromosome with two centromeres and an acentric fragment. The acentric fragment will be lost as explained above, and chromosomes with two centromeres will break unevenly during mitosis, resulting in one daughter lacking essential genes. ref cite book title Introduction to Genetic Analysis Looseleaf publisher Macmillan year 2008 isbn 978 1 4292 3323 1 http books.google.com books?id GmGpgu1VWe8C&pg PA581&dq 22Acentric Fragment 22&lr &as brr 3&client firefox a Google Book Preview ref references Category Classical genetics ... more details
PBB geneid 2491 Centromere protein I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPI gene . ref name pmid16622420 cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, Okawa K, McLeod IX, Yates JR 3rd, Desai A, Fukagawa T title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 446 57 year 2006 month May pmid 16622420 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1396 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPI centromere protein I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2491 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The product of this gene is involved in the response of gonadal tissues to follicle stimulating hormone. This gene is also a potential candidate for human X linked disorders of gonadal development and gametogenesis. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPI centromere protein I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2491 accessdate ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Izuta H, Ikeno M, Suzuki N, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal Genes Cells volume 11 issue 6 pages 673 84 year 2006 pmid 16716197 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2443.2006.00969.x cite journal author Foltz DR, Jansen LE, Black BE, et al. title The human CENP A centromeric nucleosome associated complex. journal Nat. Cell Biol. volume 8 issue 5 pages 458 69 year 2006 pmid 16622419 doi 10.1038 ncb1397 cite journal author Nousiainen M, Sillj HH, Sauer G, et al. title Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle. journal Proc ... of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells UV damaged DNA binding protein 1 DDB 1 is a component ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The part of chromosome beyond the nuclear organiser is very short and appears like sphere satellite .The Satellite Chromosome is the chromosome which has a bulge on the telomeric end and SAT stands for Sine Acid thymonucleinico without thymonucliec acid or DNA since the chromosome on staining show relative deficiency of DNA in the nuclear organiser region.There are at least 2 SAT chromosomes in each diploid nucleus.It plays a vital role in the formation of the nucleolous after division is completed. It shows repetitive sequences of genes. Besides centromere , secondary constriction can also be observed in some chromosomes, which if present in the distal region of the arm, would pinch off a small fragment called Satellite . The satellite remains attached to the rest of the body of chromosome s by a thread of chromatin . The secondary constrictions are always constant in their positions and hence can be used as markers . The chromosomes having a satellite are marker chromosomes and are also called SAT chromosomes .these SAT chromosomes are helpful in transferring details to mRNA. DEFAULTSORT Satellite Chromosome Category Genetics Category Chromosomes Genetics stub pl Trabant biologia ... more details
PBB geneid 79019 Centromere protein M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPM gene . ref name pmid16622420 cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, Okawa K, McLeod IX, Yates JR 3rd, Desai A, Fukagawa T title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 446 57 year 2006 month May pmid 16622420 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1396 ref ref name pmid16622419 cite journal author Foltz DR, Jansen LE, Black BE, Bailey AO, Yates JR 3rd, Cleveland DW title The human CENP A centromeric nucleosome associated complex journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 458 69 year 2006 month May pmid 16622419 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1397 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPM centromere protein M url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 79019 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. title The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. journal Nature volume 402 issue 6761 pages 489 95 year 1999 pmid 10591208 doi 10.1038 990031 cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. title Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 26 pages 16899 903 year 2003 pmid 12477932 doi 10.1073 pnas.242603899 pmc 139241 cite journal author Collins JE, Goward ME, Cole CG, et al. title Reevaluating human gene annotation a second generation analysis of chromosome 22. journal ... analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells UV damaged DNA binding protein 1 DDB ... Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal ... more details
PBB geneid 79172 Centromere protein O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPO gene . ref name pmid16622420 cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, Okawa K, McLeod IX, Yates JR 3rd, Desai A, Fukagawa T title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 446 57 year 2006 month May pmid 16622420 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1396 ref ref name pmid16622419 cite journal author Foltz DR, Jansen LE, Black BE, Bailey AO, Yates JR 3rd, Cleveland DW title The human CENP A centromeric nucleosome associated complex journal Nat Cell Biol volume 8 issue 5 pages 458 69 year 2006 month May pmid 16622419 pmc doi 10.1038 ncb1397 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPO centromere protein O url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 79172 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. title Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 26 pages 16899 903 year 2003 pmid 12477932 doi 10.1073 pnas.242603899 pmc 139241 cite journal author Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. title Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full length human cDNAs. journal Nat. Genet. volume 36 issue 1 pages 40 5 year 2004 pmid 14702039 doi 10.1038 ng1285 cite journal author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells UV damaged DNA binding protein 1 DDB 1 is a component of the CEN complex, while BMI 1 ... al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP ... more details
PBB geneid 64105 Centromere protein K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPK gene . ref name pmid8950979 cite journal author Taki T, Hayashi Y, Taniwaki M, Seto M, Ueda R, Hanada R, Suzukawa K, Yokota J, Morishita K title Fusion of the MLL gene with two different genes, AF 6 and AF 5alpha, by a complex translocation involving chromosomes 5, 6, 8 and 11 in infant leukemia journal Oncogene volume 13 issue 10 pages 2121 30 year 1997 month Jan pmid 8950979 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CENPK centromere protein K url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 64105 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Interactions CENPK has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with SOX6 . ref name pmid10996314 cite journal last Yamashita first A authorlink coauthors Ito M, Takamatsu N, Shiba T year 2000 month Sep. title Characterization of Solt, a novel SoxLZ Sox6 binding protein expressed in adult mouse testis journal FEBS Lett. volume 481 issue 2 pages 147 51 publisher location NETHERLANDS issn 0014 5793 pmid 10996314 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote doi 10.1016 S0014 5793 00 01987 6 ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Izuta H, Ikeno M, Suzuki N, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of the ICEN Interphase Centromere Complex components enriched in the CENP A chromatin of human cells. journal Genes Cells volume 11 issue 6 pages 673 84 year 2006 pmid 16716197 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2443.2006.00969.x cite journal author Okada M, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, et al. title The CENP H I complex is required for the efficient incorporation of newly synthesized CENP A into centromeres ... 528928 cite journal author Obuse C, Yang H, Nozaki N, et al. title Proteomics analysis of the centromere ... more details
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