Cauterize redirects here. For the band, see Cauterize band The medical practice or technique of cauterization is the burn injury burning of part of a body to remove or close off a part of it in a process called cautery , this is redirected here, and so should be in the lead or next sentence which destroys some tissue, ref Cite web url http dictionary.reference.com browse cautery?qsrc 2888 title Dictionary definition, retrieved 2009 03 07. ref in an attempt to mitigate damage, remove an undesired growth, or minimize other potential medical harmful possibilities such as infections, when antibiotics are not available. The practice was once widespread for treatment of wounds. Its utility before the advent of antibiotics was effective on several levels useful in stopping severe blood loss and preventing exsanguination to close amputation s Cautery was historically believed to prevent infection, but current research shows that cautery actually increases the risk for infection by causing more ... The main forms of cauterization used today in the first world are electrocautery and chemical cautery ... can be considered cauterization as well. History Image Cauter DSC09457.jpg right thumb Hot cauters were applied to tissues or arteries to stop them from bleeding. Cauterization was used to stop heavy ... medicine ligature of the arteries as an alternative to cauterization was later improved and used more ... cancer s via electrodesiccation and curettage . Electrocauterization is preferable to chemical cauterization ... cauterization ref Ultrasound Ultrasonic coagulation and ablation systems are also available ... . The disadvantages are that chemicals can leach into areas where cauterization was not intended. For this reason ... and blistering used to treat warts. Nasal cauterization If a person has been having frequent nose ... at the time, it is cauterized to prevent future bleeding. The different methods of cauterization ... Cauterization In some countries that practices hudud or hudood as the legal penal code, cauterization ... more details
Snare technique may refer to one of the following. Snare drum technique Snare technique surgery , a surgical technique for removal of tissues or foreign materials http health information.advanceweb.com common editorial editorial.aspx?CC 35093 Snare cautery , a cauterization technique See also snare disambig ... more details
The Zubi Shiyi Mai Jiujing zh t s p Z b Sh y M i Ji j ng , or Cauterization Canon of the Eleven Vessels of the Foot and Forearm , is an ancient China ancient Chinese medical text that was excavated in 1973 from a tomb in Mawangdui that was sealed in 168 BCE, under the Han Dynasty . ref harvnb Harper 1998 , pp. 14 15 and 23. ref It was handcopied in seal script around 215 BCE, under the Qin Dynasty , on the same sheet of silk as a longer medical text called Wushi er bingfang Recipes for Fifty Two Ailments . ref name Harper 23 harvnb Harper 1998 p 23 . ref The Cauterization Canon describes the path of eleven vessels or channels mai inside the body and explains how to perform cauterization to treat the ailments associated with each vessel. ref name Harper 23 Notes references Bibliography refbegin citation last Harper first Donald J. title Early Chinese Medical Literature The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts year 1998 publisher Kegan Paul International location London and New York isbn 0710305826 . Category Chinese medical texts Category History of ancient medicine Category Medical manuals Category Traditional Chinese medicine ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 93.34 MeshID D003972 OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 In the natural sciences , the term diathermy means electrically induced heat and is commonly used for muscle relaxation. It is also a method of heating tissue electromagnetically or ultrasonically for therapeutic purposes in medicine. Surgical uses Surgical diathermy is usually better known as electrosurgery . It is also referred to occasionally as Cauterization Electrocautery electrocautery , but see disambiguation below . Electrosurgery and surgical diathermy involve the use of high frequency A.C. electrical current in surgery as either a cutting modality, or else to cauterize small blood vessels to stop bleeding. This technique induces localized tissue burning and damage, the zone of which is controlled by the frequency and power of the device. Some sources ref http www.valleylab.com education poes poes 02.html Valleylab article on Principles of Electrosurgery Electrocautery ref insist that electrosurgery be applied to surgery accomplished by high frequency A.C. cutting, and that Cauterization Electrocautery electrocautery be used only for the practice of cauterization with heated nichrome wires powered by D.C. current, as in the handheld battery operated portable cautery tools. History Diathermy was used for the first time on gynecology by the spanish doctor Celedonio Calatayud in 1910. Trivia Medical Diathermy devices were used to cause interference to German radio beams used for targeting night time bombing raids in WWII during the Battle of the Beams . See also dielectric heating heat therapy References references Physical therapy and rehabilitation Category Medical equipment it Diatermia pt Diatermia ... more details
The Yin Yang Shiyi Mai Jiujing zh t s p Y n Y ng Sh y M i Ji j ng , or Cauterization Canon of the Eleven Yin and Yang Vessels , is an ancient China ancient Chinese medical text that was excavated in 1973 from a Han Dynasty tomb in Mawangdui Hunan province that had been sealed in 168 BCE. ref harvnb Harper 1998 , pp. 14 15 and 23. ref It was handcopied in seal script on the same sheet of silk as the Wushi er bingfang and Zubi shiyi mai jiujing another text on cauterization during the Qin Dynasty , around 215 BCE. ref name Harper 23 harvnb Harper 1998 p 23 . ref The text describes the pathways of eleven vessels or channels mai inside the body, as well as the ailments associated with each vessel. ref name Harper 23 It contains many textual parallels with the later medical text known as the Lingshu , one extant version of the Huangdi Neijing . ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 24 . ref Notes references Bibliography refbegin citation last Harper first Donald J. title Early Chinese Medical Literature The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts year 1998 publisher Kegan Paul International location London and New York isbn 0710305826 . Category Chinese medical texts Category History of ancient medicine Category Medical manuals Category Traditional Chinese medicine ... more details
unsourced date April 2009 A caustic pencil is a short stick of medication usually containing silver nitrate , used to Cauterization cauterize skin, for instance for the removal of wart s, or moles. They are not used as a treatment for minor cuts. A frequent source of confusion appears to be the difference between styptic pencil styptic and caustic pencils. The silver nitrate in caustic pencils is in a solid form at the tip of a wooden stick, much like a long matchstick. When the silver nitrate is applied to a wound or lesion, it dissolves and can accidentally be spread to other undesirable locations where it can cause skin staining and tissue burns. Should this happen, it should be irrigated with copious amounts of water, or preferably saline solution if immediately available, followed by water. It must be used in careful conditions and those using it should wear eye protection should it be splattered from the nose or Tracheostomy tracheostomy stoma of a breathing patient. Silver nitrate sticks are often used for hemostasis in medical situations where patients are not under general anesthesia, where electrocautery would be painful and inconvenient. One common use of silver nitrate sticks is in Emergency Medicine, particularly in patients presenting with epistaxis . The silver nitrate stick is placed in the affected nares to chemically cauterize the bleeding blood vessel, thus stopping the bleeding. surgery stub Category Medical equipment ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 MeshID D017075 OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 Laser coagulation or laser photocoagulation surgery is used to treat a number of eye diseases and has become widely used in recent decades. During the procedure, which is usually performed on an outpatient basis, a laser is used to finely cauterization cauterize ocular blood vessels to attempt to bring about various therapeutic benefits. The surgery is used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration , having been proven to lower the risk of severe vision loss from these diseases, which are the two leading causes of blindness in the United States. Other eye diseases it is used to treat include retinal ischemia , neovascularization of the choroid or retina , glaucoma , and a complication of cataract surgery known as posterior capsular opacification . Complications Side effects and complications of laser photocoagulation are not infrequent although they are rarely severe. fact date January 2012 They include loss of peripheral vision, worsening visual acuity , reduced night vision, and hemorrhage hemorrhaging in the eye. References Lawrence, Peter F Bell, Richard M Dayton, Merril T 2006 . Essentials of Surgical Specialties. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Category Laser medicine eye stub ca Fotocoagulaci retiniana es Fotocoagulaci n retiniana ... more details
James Leak was a Bare Knuckle prize fighter who was born in the county of Norfolk in the United Kingdom. James Leak was a resident of East Runton , Norfolk around the early part of the 19th century. Leak was the local blacksmith and renowned Bare knuckle boxing Bare Knuckle prize fighter . He lived in one of six thatched cottage that once stood on the cliff top near Runton gap. His blacksmith s forge was at West Runton. ref White s Directory of 1845 ref In 1827 Leak had a big problem. The story goes that he had developed a Gangrene gangrenous toe and was in fear of it spreading and would result in his death. In his desperation, Leak had come up with his own solution to his problem. He went to his forge in West Runton and rested his foot on his anvil and with one mighty blow removed the infected toe with a hammer and chisel . He then Cauterization cauterized the stump with a red hot poker from out of his forge. ref The Banville Diaries of 1986, which quotes a report in the Norwich Mercury dated from 24 February 1827 ref This desperate surgery by Leak had been as a consequence of Leak being unable to afford surgeon s fees. He made a full recovery and his home surgery seems to have had little effect on the man as he continued his prize fighting and lived to the ripe old age of 82. ref East and West Runton, Two Villages, one parish By G.F.Leake, Poppyland Publishing, ISBN 0946148759 ref See also List of bare knuckle boxers References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Leak, James ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Leak, James Category Bare knuckle boxers Category English boxers Category People from North Norfolk district England sport bio stub UK boxing bio stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Transmutation Type studio Artist Ophiolatry band Ophiolatry Cover Transmutation.jpg Released January 21, 2008 Recorded Genre Death metal Length 32 Label Regain Records br Forces of Satan Records Producer Reviews Last album Satancore br split with Sacramental Blood br 2006 This album Transmutation br 2008 Next album Transmutation is the second full length album of the Brazil Brazilian death metal band Ophiolatry band Ophiolatry . It was released in 2008 in music 2008 by Regain Records and Forces of Satan Records , the label run by Gorgoroth guitarist Infernus . ref http www.roadrunnerrecords.com blabbermouth.net news.aspx?mode Article&newsitemID 70162 Blabbermouth.Net Gorgoroth Guitarist Launches Forces Of Satan Records Bot generated title ref Track listing Parricide 01 53 Transmutation 02 13 Abyss of Alienation 03 15 Divine Stigma 01 55 Nominating the Oxen 02 02 Cauterization 02 05 Urutu 01 11 The Ghost 01 59 Neuropsychoperverse 01 13 Varia es 1 01 07 Art of War 02 00 G.O.D.? 00 52 Eradicating the Paradigm 02 42 Diabolism 01 50 Sub Race 02 23 Prel dio No 4 03 13 Credits Fabio Zperandio guitars Jhorge Dog Duarte drums Antonio Cozta vocals, bass References reflist Category 2008 albums Category Forces of Satan Records albums ... more details
Image Qing Hao.jpg thumb right 250px The Recipes for Fifty two Ailments contains the first known mention of qinghao , or wormwood , in history. Though it appears here in a recipe against female hemorrhoids , ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 272 . ref in later Chinese medical texts wormwood was recommended for treating intermittent fever s. In the 1970s, artemisinin was isolated from Artemisia annua a kind of wormwood and shown to have antimalarial properties. ref harvnb Hsu 2006 p 666 . ref The Wushi er Bingfang zh t s p W sh r B ngf ng , or Recipes for Fifty Two Ailments , is an ancient China ancient Chinese medical text that was discovered in 1973 in Mawangdui in a tomb that was sealed in 168 BCE under the Han Dynasty . ref harvnb Harper 1998 , pp. 14 15. ref The text was copied in seal script on Mawangdui Silk Texts sheets of silk around 215 BCE, under the Qin Dynasty , but might have dated from even earlier. ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 23 . ref Modern editors chose its title because the text starts with a list of fifty two ailments for which recipes are given. ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 24 . ref The formulary pharmacy formulary presents more than 250 exorcism exorcistic and drug based cures for ailments such as wart s, hemorrhoid s, inguinal hernia inguinal swellings , and snake bite s. ref harvnb Harper 1998 , pp. 24 and 73 harvnb Harper 1999 p 875 . ref Among other medical treatments, the text also recommends lancing and cauterization , but mention neither acupuncture nor moxibustion cauterization with moxa . ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 92 . ref With roughly 9,950 characters, Wushi er bingfang is the longest of the medical texts that have been found in ancient Chinese tombs. ref harvnb Harper 1998 p 23 . ref Along with other excavated manuscripts from Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts Zhangjiashan and Wuwei, Gansu History Wuwei , among others , it has shed light on the early development of Chinese medicine . ref harvnb Unschuld and Zheng 2005 , pp. 21 22 harvnb Lo ... more details
This article is about the 13th century Cilician king. For others with similar names, see Smbat . Sempad , Smpad , Sambat , or Smbat lang hy 1277 c. 1310 was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , ruling from 1296 to 1298. He was the son of Leo II of Armenia and Queen Keran of Armenia Kyranna de Lampron and was part of the Hetoumids Hetoumid family. Sempad seized the throne with the aid of his brother Constantine III of Armenia Constantine while his brothers Hethum II of Armenia Hethum II and Thoros III of Armenia Thoros were in Constantinople . In 1297, on a volitional journey to the Ghazan Ghazan s court, Sempad managed to receive recognition of his position as king from the Mongol Ilkhanate ruler of Persia , which was necessary to legitimate his usurpation. He also received a bride from the Mongol khan in order to form a matrimonial alliance, perhaps a relative of the khan himself. ref Luisetto, p.122, referencing Gestes des Chiprois par. 553 ref ref Hornstein, p. 410 ref On Hethum s return, Sempad had Hethum blinded by cauterization and both brothers imprisoned at And r n Partzerpert . Thoros was murdered there on Sempad s orders in 1298, but Constantine turned traitor again and helped Hethum overthrow Sempad, assuming the throne while Hethum s blindness healed. Sempad again plotted with Constantine to resume the throne soon after Hethum s restoration, and both were imprisoned for the rest of their lives. Notes reflist References cite book last Boase first T. S. R. title The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia year 1978 publisher Scottish Academic Press location Edinburgh isbn 0 7073 0145 9 Hornstein, Lilian Herlands. http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0038 7134 28194110 2916 3A4 3C404 3ATHBOTK 3E2.0.CO 3B2 S The Historical Background of the King of Tars. Speculum journal Speculum , 16 4 Oct., 1941 , pp. 404 414. cite book author Luisetto, Fr d ric title Arm niens et autres Chr tiens d Orient sous la domination mongole date 2007 publisher Geuthner isbn 9782705337919 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Infobox Piercing name Deep shaft piercing nicknames image Piercing of the Corpora.jpg image size 200px location penis Penile shaft jewelry barbell piercing Barbell healing time Deep shaft piercings are piercing s which pass through the penile shaft. They are most commonly seen in the form of deeply placed ampallang s and apadravya s. They are more rare piercings due to associated pain, difficulty, bleeding and long healing times. Common placement is directly behind the head of the penis, but they can be placed farther back. ref name http about bodyart.net piercing kinds.html cite web url http about bodyart.net piercing kinds.html title Body Piercing About Piercing publisher Body Art ref Shaft ampallang These piercings pass horizontally through the shaft. Since the piercing passes directly through the corpus cavernosum corpora cavernosa , it is likely that this piercing will bleed. Puncturing an artery cause significant bleeding the piercing will likely have to be reset. This piercing is sometimes recommended to be done with an erect penis to avoid the chance of the piercing pinching when the penis becomes erect unfortunately this practice leads to even more bleeding as both erectile chambers of the penis are engorged with blood while it is erect. In order to prevent blood loss this piercing is usually accomplished with a specially made piece of jewelry that does the piercing and then shortened and remains in place throughout the healing process, as rare as the piercing is, there are very few that succeed in fully healing, the first manner is by cauterization after the jewelry is in its final position whereby the jewelry is heated to a point that it sears the inner tissues of the corpora cavernosa. The second method which takes far longer to heal and is much more painful is a process of pushing the outer layer of skin into the hole with retainers forming a flesh tube through the shaft which takes from 2 to 3 months. Either method is we ... more details
br unreferenced date January 2012 Electrosurgery is the application of a high frequency electric current to biological tissue as a means to cut, coagulate , desiccate , or fulgurate tissue. In electrosurgical procedures, the tissue is heated by an electric current. Although electrical devices may be used for the cauterization of tissue in some applications, electrosurgery is usually used to refer to a quite different method than electrocautery.Since 1914, electrosurgery has been used routinely in various aspects of medicine, including dentistry. Most dentists use electrosurgery successfully on a routine basis. There are two basic types of electrosurgery Monopolar Bipolar Working Electrocautery is a very useful tool to make a cut or excise soft tissue just like a scalpel blade does. While a cut is made at the same time, electrosurgery coagulate the surrounding blood vessels make surgery bloodless. This will improve visibility during surgery and less blood loss . Moreover, healing of a wound with electrosurgery is proven to be faster that wound made by scapel blade but it is less then Diode laser lasers . Monopolar In monopolar electrosurgery units, the current begins with the electrosurgery device and travels along a wire to the oral site, then to an indifferent plate placed behind the patient s back. As the surgical electrode contacts the patient s oral soft tissues, heat is produced and controlled cutting is achieved. Smoke and pain also are produced as the tissue is cut, necessitating the use of anesthetic. Bipolar Bipolar electrosurgery devices have two electrodes on the cutting tip. The current flows from one electrode to the other, making a broader cut than does the monopolar unit, but eliminating the need for the indifferent plate. Both types of electrosurgery units achieve their intended purposes well, but monopolar electrosurgery is used more often than is bipolar electrosurgery. Uses Gingival Gingivectomy Gingivoplasty Periodontal pocket reduction, Crown le ... more details
. Cauterization is the process of killing the growth ring of the horn using heat. This process ... big and have not had time to grow attached to the skull. The earlier in the calf s life cauterization is done, the less pain and stress is inflicted on the calf. Cauterization is usually done ... more details
Infobox disease Name Bowen s disease ICD10 D04 ILDS D04.L10 ICD9 ICD9 230 ICD9 234 ICDO 8081 2 Image Bowen disease 1 .jpg Caption Bowen s disease as seen under a microscope OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj derm eMedicineTopic 59 DiseasesDB 1569 MeshID D001913 Bowen s disease BD also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref rp 655 is a neoplastic skin disease, it can be considered as an early stage or intraepidermal form of squamous cell carcinoma . It was named after Mark Bowen. Erythroplasia of Queyrat is a form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising on the glans or prepuce, possibly induced by HPV. ref J Invest Dermatol 2000 Sep 115 3 396 401 ref Causes Causes of BD include Health effects of sun exposure solar damage , arsenic , immunosuppression including AIDS , viral infection human papillomavirus or HPV and chronic skin injury and dermatoses. Signs and symptoms Bowen s disease typically presents as a gradually enlarging, well demarcated erythematous plaque with an irregular border and surface crusting or scaling. BD may occur at any age in adults but is rare before the age of 30 years most patients are aged over 60. Any site may be affected, although involvement of palms or soles is uncommon. BD occurs predominantly in women 70 85 of cases . About 60 85 of patients have lesions on the lower leg, usually in previously or presently sun exposed areas of skin. This is a persistent progressive non elevated red scaly or crusted plaque which is due to an intraepidermal carcinoma and is potentially malignant. The lesions may occur anywhere on the skin surface or on mucosal surfaces. Freezing, cauterization or diathermy coagulation is often effective treatment. Histology Bowen s disease is essentially equivalent to squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Atypical squamous cells proliferate through the whole thick ... more details
Image Canine distichiae.JPG thumb Distichiae of the upper and lower lid of a dog Infobox disease Name Distichia Image Caption DiseasesDB 33329 ICD10 ICD10 Q 10 3 q 10 ICD9 ICD9 743.63 ICDO OMIM 126300 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj oph eMedicineTopic 603 MeshID A distichia is an eyelash that arises from an abnormal spot on the eyelid . The mutation affects dogs and humans. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the meibomian gland at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple and sometimes more than one arises from a duct. They can affect either the upper or lower eyelid and are usually bilateral. The lower eyelids of dogs usually have no eyelashes. ref cite web last Brooks first Dennis E. title Ophthalmic Examination Made Ridiculously Simple work Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association year 2005 url http www.vin.com proceedings Proceedings.plx?CID WSAVA2005&PID 10923&O Generic accessdate 2007 02 20 ref Distichiae usually cause no symptoms because the lashes are soft, but they can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, inflammation, and Corneal ulcers in animals corneal ulcer s and scarring. ref cite web title Eyelids Conformational Abnormalities work The Merck Veterinary Manual year 2006 url http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 30105.htm accessdate 2007 02 20 ref Treatment options include manual removal, electrology electrolysis , cauterization electrocautery , cryosurgery cryotherapy , and surgery . Commonly affected breeds In veterinary medicine , some canine breeds are affected by distichiasis more frequently than others Cocker Spaniel Dachshund especially the miniature longhaired Dachshund Bulldog Pekingese Yorkshire Terrier Flat Coated Retriever Shetland Sheepdog Poodle ref name Gelatt 1999 cite book author Gelatt, Kirk N. ed. title Veterinary Ophthalmology edition 3rd publisher Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins year 1999 isbn 0 683 30076 8 ref Elo dog ref cite journal author Kaufhold J, Ham ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Leave Scars Type Album Artist Dark Angel band Dark Angel Cover Leavescars.jpg Released January 24th, 1989 Recorded Space Station Studios, Hollywood, California , May 1988 May July 1988 Genre Thrash metal , speed metal Length 50 06 Label Combat Records Combat Producer Michael Monarch & Dark Angel band Dark Angel Last album Darkness Descends br 1986 This album Leave Scars br 1989 Next album Time Does Not Heal br 1991 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2.5 5 ref cite web url http www.allmusic.com album leave scars r5125 review title Dark Angel Leave Scars review accessdate 2011 10 16 last Rivadavia first Eduardo work Allmusic publisher Rovi Corporation ref rev2 Kerrang rev2Score Rating 3 5 ref cite book last1 Gitter first1 Mike title Kerrang chapter Dark Angel Leave Scars volume 221 publisher Spotlight Publications ltd. date 14 January 1989 location London, UK pages 23 accessdate 2011 10 16 ref noprose yes Leave Scars is the third studio album released by the American thrash metal band, Dark Angel band Dark Angel . Track listing tracklist writing credits yes title1 The Death of Innocence writer1 Gene Hoglan , Jim Durkin length1 3 49 title2 Never to Rise Again writer2 Hoglan, Durkin, Ron Rinehart length2 3 55 title3 No One Answers writer3 Hoglan, Durkin length3 7 50 title4 Cauterization small Instrumental small writer4 Hoglan, Durkin length4 7 20 title5 Immigrant Song small Led Zeppelin cover small writer5 Jimmy Page , Robert Plant length5 1 47 title6 Older Than Time Itself writer6 Hoglan, Durkin length6 6 59 title7 Worms small Instrumental small writer7 Hoglan, Durkin length7 2 18 title8 The Promise of Agony writer8 Hoglan, Durkin length8 8 25 title9 Leave Scars writer9 Hoglan, Durkin length9 7 40 Credits Ron Rinehart Vocals Eric Meyer musician Eric Meyer Rhythm and lead guitar, Backing vocals Jim Durkin Rhythm and lead guitar, Violin bow, Assorted instruments, Backing vocals Mike Gonzalez Bass, Backing voca ... more details
Image Sharplan 40C.jpg upright thumb right A 40 watt CO sub 2 sub laser used for soft tissue laser surgery In soft tissue soft tissue laser surgery , interaction of laser light with the soft tissue provides a special approach to surgery . A highly focused laser beam vaporizes the soft biological tissue tissue with the high water content. Laser can make very small incisions when the beam is focused on the tissue focal spot size can be as small as 0.1 mm, but the most widely used in practice is 0.4 mm . When the beam is defocused, the intensity of the laser light on the tissue diminishes, and it can be used for cauterization of small blood vessels and lymphatics, therefore decreases post operative swellings. A laser beam has a natural sterilization effect it evaporates bacteria, viruses and fungi, which leads to a decrease in local infections. Probably most important, the laser decreases post operative pain by sealing nerve endings. Soft tissue laser surgery is differentiated from hard tissue laser surgery bone s and teeth in dentistry ref D.J.Coluzzi, R.A.Convissar, Atlas of Laser Applications in Dentistry, Quintessense Books, ISBN 978 0 86715 476 4 ref and Laser Eye Surgery eyesight corrective surgeries ref http www.fda.gov cdrh lasik URL accessed March 25, 2008 ref by the List of laser types type of lasers used in a particular type of laser surgery. Hard Tissue surgical lasers are dominated by Er YAG laser s operating at the wavelengths around 3,000 nm. Laser Eye Surgeries utilize excimer lasers in the UV range of wavelengths. Unlike many solid state and diode lasers in the visible and near infrared wavelength range 600 2,000 nm , the Carbon dioxide laser Carbon dioxide or CO sub 2 sub laser wavelength 10,600 nm is highly absorbed by in vivo soft tissues containing water ref http www.lsbu.ac.uk water vibrat.html Water Absorption Spectrum. URL accessed April 3, 2008 ref . Furthermore, modern CO sub 2 sub laser technology makes these lasers f ... more details
scraping to remove the remaining exposed fragments, then burn them with an cauterization electro cauterization tool, in an effort to destroy them in place. In such cases the cyst may or may not recur ... more details
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