yellow . The concept of a Caucasianrace or Varietas Caucasia was developed around 1800 by Johann Friedrich ... race of mankind, which he derived from the region of the Caucasus. ref He based his classification of the Caucasianrace primarily on craniology . ref name Blumenbach http www.as.ua.edu ant bindon ... race . He regarded it as a fourth subrace of the Caucasianrace, along with the Aryan , Semitic , and Hamitic ... race as the three major subdivisions that emerged from the Proto Caucasianrace, which he states ... of Medicine has used the term Caucasian as a race in the past, but has discontinued its usage in favor ... External links Cite Collier s Caucasianrace Historical definitions of race White people DEFAULTSORT CaucasianRace Category Race Category Historical definitions of race Category Physical anthropology ...About the peoples of the Caucasus Mountains Peoples of the Caucasus other uses of the term CaucasianCaucasian disambiguation Image Europaeid types.jpg thumb 300px right Meyers Blitz Lexikon Weimar Republic Leipzig, 1932 divides Europ id types into Nordic race , Dinaric race , Mediterranean race , Alpine race , East Baltic race , Turkish people Turks Turanid race , Bedouins Arabid race , and Afghanistan Afghans Iranid race . The term Caucasianrace also Caucasoid , Europid , or Europoid ref For a contrast with the Mongolic or Mongoloid race , see footnote 4 of page 58 59 in Beckwith, Christopher ... people . ref The Oxford English Dictionary defines http www.askoxford.com concise oed caucasian?view uk Caucasoid as a noun or adjective meaning Of, pertaining to, or resembling the Caucasianrace. It defines Caucasian as relating to one of the traditional divisions of humankind, covering a broad ... The 4th edition of Meyers Konversations Lexikon German Empire Leipzig, 1885 1890 shows the Caucasianrace in grayish blue green as comprising Aryan s , Semites and Hamitic Hamites . Aryans are further ... it after the Caucasian peoples from the Southern Caucasus region , whom he considered to be the archetype ... more details
A Balkans Caucasianrace has been postulated as a subrace of the greater Caucasianrace . Racial types In the Balkans Caucasianrace allocate set of discrete variants different in details, in particular Alpine race Alpine types Cephalic index brachycephalic the type, is characterised by light pigmentation with other mountain groups and dark compared with flat populations pigmentation and small growth, extended in the Alps Alpes . Dinaric race Dinaric types Cephalic index brachycephalic the type, differs very high growth, massive features, very wide person and a head, is extended on the Balkans . Northcaucasian race Northcaucasian types Cephalic index brachycephalic the type, is characterised by very wide person, concerning other mountain groups light eyes, high growth, extended in the North Caucasus . External links wikiquote http bse.sci lib.com article092529.html Great Soviet Encyclopedia http www.ido.edu.ru psychology anthropology 5.html RACIAL VARIETY OF MANKIND http revolution.allbest.ru sociology 00001207 0.html I.N.Zhitkevich. Races, racial classification and a scientific inconsistency of racist doctrines http www.anthropologica.net classifications abdushelishvili Classification of races by Abdushelishvili 1990 http www.anthropologica.net classifications alekseev Classification of races by Alekseev 1974 Historical definitions of race Category Historical definitions of race lt Balkan Kaukazo ma oji ras ru ... more details
pp move vandalism small yes Wiktionary Caucasian may refer to Anything from the Caucasus region Caucasian peoples , humans from the Caucasus region Languages of the Caucasus , languages spoken in the Caucasus region Caucasianrace , a racial classification of human beings A term sometimes used to describe white people specifically in US English, denoting White American s Brown Caucasian cattle , a cattle breed North Caucasian pig , a pig breed Caucasian Snowcock , a type of bird Caucasian Shepherd Dog , a dog breed The Caucasian Chalk Circle , a play by Bertolt Brecht Caucasian, a nickname for a White Russian cocktail Caucasian Review of International Affairs , online scholarly journal See also Caucasophobia , racism toward native Caucasus inhabitants in Russia Caucasia disambiguation Caucasus disambiguation Kavkazsky disambiguation Afro Abkhazian Abkhaz people Abkhazian s are a native Caucasian ethnic group Disambig de Kaukasier fr Caucasien ru ... more details
South Caucasian can refer to South Caucasian languages South Caucasian peoples South Caucasus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
North Caucasian may refer to North Caucasus North Caucasian languages North Caucasian peoples Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
for the term Caucasian referring to white people Caucasianrace File Ethnic Groups In Caucasus Region 2009.jpg thumb 300px Ethno Linguistic groups in the Caucasus region 2009 File Shatili village, Georgia.jpg right thumb 350px The medieval Georgian village of Shatili File RGS 07.jpg right thumb 250px The village of Tindi, in Dagestan, in the late 1890s. The photograph was taken by M. de D chy This article deals with the various ethnic group s inhabiting the Caucasus region. There are more than 50 ethnic groups living in the region. ref http www.britannica.com eb article 9021862 Caucasian peoples Caucasian peoples , Encyclop dia Britannica ref Peoples speaking Caucasian languages Peoples of the Caucasus who speak languages which have long been indigenous to the Caucasus North Caucasian languages North Caucasian and Kartvelian languages are North Caucasian peoples Northeast Caucasian peoples Caucasian Avars Avars Aguls Dargin people Dargins Khinalug Lak people Dagestan Laks Lezgins Nakh peoples ... people Tabasarans Tsakhurs Udi people Udins Archi people Archins North West Caucasian peoples Abkhaz ... people Laz The largest peoples speaking languages which belong to the Caucasian language families and who ... 600,000 and the Avars 500,000 , while outside the Caucasus, the largest people of Caucasian ... Caucasian people that have their own independent state Georgia country Georgia . Abkhazia s status is disputed. Other Caucasian peoples have republics within the Russian Federation Adyghe Republic ... , Chechens Chechnya , while other Northeast Caucasian peoples mostly live in Dagestan . Ethnic groups ... of the ancient Mesopotamians . References reflist See also North Caucasian peoples Caucasian languages Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey List of ethnic groups European ethnic groups Y DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups Homo georgicus Afro Abkhazian Abkhazian s are native caucasian ethic group DEFAULTSORT Caucasian Peoples Category Peoples of the Caucasus Category Ethnic groups in Europe ... more details
Caucaus Front or Caucasian Front may have one of the following meanings Caucasus Front Russian Empire , the designation for the main Imperial Russian Army in the Caucaus in World War I from April 1917 until its dissolution Caucasian Front Russian Civil War Soviet Caucasian Front during World War II Caucasian Front Chechen War An area of operations beyond Chechnya announced by Chechen rebels during the Second Chechen War See also Caucasus Army Transcaucasian Front disambig cs Kavkazsk front de Kaukasusfront ru uk ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Caucasian Shrew image status LR lc status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Sorex species S. satunini binomial Sorex satunini binomial authority Sergej Ognew Ognev , 1922 synonyms range map Caucasian Shrew area.png range map caption Caucasian Shrew range The Caucasian Shrew Sorex satunini is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Russia and Turkey . References Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41415 all Sorex satunini . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. Soricomorpha S2. Category Sorex redtoothed shrew stub ca Musaranya del Caucas es Sorex satunini ... more details
Caucasian Sketches lang ru is a pair of orchestral suite s written in 1894 and 1896 by the Russian composer Mikhail Ippolitov Ivanov . The Caucasian Sketches is the most often performed of his compositions and can be heard frequently on European classical music classical radio station s. The final movement of the Caucasian Sketches, Suite No. 1 , entitled Procession of the Sardar lang fr Cort ge du Sardar also popularly known as March of the Sardar or Sardar s March , is often heard by itself, and is a favorite of Pops concerts. Influences of the Caucasian Sketches The orchestral songs of the Caucasian Sketches were influenced by the Georgia country Georgian folk songs that Ippolitov Ivanov heard during his years as director of the music school music conservatory and conductor of the orchestra in Tbilisi , the principal city of Georgia country Georgia and during his visits to the surrounding Caucasus Mountains . Ippolitov Ivanov had studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory under the composer Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov , a master of orchestration , whose style of beats and chimes is reflected in the songs of the Caucasian Sketches . Caucasian Sketches, Suite No. 1 Caucasian Sketches, Suite No. 1 , Op. 10 1894 consists of four songs or parts. The suite begins with a vibrant song, In a Mountain Pass , which is characterized by a steady ambitious beat suggesting the steep Caucasus Mountains and makes one feel like a bird flying over them. The second song, In a Village , has a steady beat and becomes more vibrant near the end. The title of a third, In a Mosque , reflects the abundance of mosque s in the once Turkey Turkish Caucausus and Circassia n regions such as Republic ... Persian title for a military commander, leader or dignitary. Caucasian Sketches, Suite No. 2 Caucasian .... Suite No. 2 is also called Caucasian Iberia Iveria Iberia , the name given by the Greeks and Romans ... catalogue item.asp?item code 8.553405 Caucasian Sketches Suites Nos. 1 and 2 and other orchestral ... more details
Refimprove date February 2009 No footnotes date February 2009 Taxobox name Caucasian Wisent status EX status system iucn2.3 extinct 1927 image CaucasianBison Demidoff1898.png image width 250px image caption An image of a killed Caucasian Bison from E. Demidoff s book Hunting Trips in The Caucasus 1889 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae genus Bison species Wisent B. bonasus subspecies B. b. caucasicus trinomial Bison bonasus caucasicus trinomial authority Turkin et Satunin , 1904 The Caucasian Wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus was a subspecies of Wisent that inhabited the Caucasus Mountains of Eastern Europe . It was hunted by the Caspian Tiger and the Asiatic Lion until 10th century in the Caucasus , as well as other predators such as wolves and bear s. Decline and extinction In the 17th century, the Caucasian wisent still populated a large area of the Western Caucasus . After that human settlement in the mountains intensified and the range of the Caucasian wisent became reduced to about one tenth of its original range at the end of the 19th century. In the 1860s the population numbered still about 2000, but was reduced to only 500 600 in 1917, and only 50 in 1921. ref name Lidia Lidia V. Zablotskaya, Mikhail A. Zablotsky and Marina ... continued and in 1927, the three last Caucasian bison were killed ref name Bashkirov Bashkirov I.S. 1939. Caucasian European bison . In Caucasian European bison . Council of the People s Commissars ... Caucasian bison bull is known to have been in captivity. This bull, named Kaukasus, was born in the Caucasus ... it became one of the 12 ancestors of the present Lowland Caucasian breeding line of the European ... American bison hybrids were released into the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve and later in 1959 in the Nalchik ... Caucasian breeding line were released there to form a single mixed herd together with the hybrids ... The Extinction Website Caucasian European Bison Bison bonasus caucasicus . http www.ultimateungulate.com ... more details
Unreferenced stub type animal auto yes date December 2009 Taxobox name Caucasian Moose status EX regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Cervidae genus Alces species Moose A. alces subspecies A. a. caucasicus trinomial Alces alces caucasicus trinomial authority Weretschagin , 1955 The Caucasian Moose Alces alces caucasicus was a subspecies of moose found in the Caucasus Mountains of Eastern Europe . It is widely believed to be extinct . It has often been confused with the European Moose Elk , leading to debate regarding the possibility that some members of the species have survived however, the European Elk lives in Scandinavia and the Baltic States , whereas the Caucasian Moose lived in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia . The species was quite common until the mid 19th century, when populations began to decrease. Among its predators were the Asiatic lion until 10th century , bear s, wolves , Persian leopard leopard s and the Caspian tiger . See also List of extinct animals of Europe Category Mammal extinctions since 1500 Category Megafauna of Eurasia Category Extinct mammals Category Extinct mammals of Europe Even toed ungulate stub ... more details
Caucasian Iberians was a Greco Roman designation for ancient Georgians , Ibero Caucasian languages Ibero Caucasian people South Caucasian peoples South Caucasian or Kartvelians who inhabited the east and southeast of the Transcaucasus region in prehistoric and historic times. ref The Cambridge Ancient History , John Anthony Crook, Elizabeth Rawson , p. 255 ref Ancient Iberians are identified as modern eastern Georgians who have originated from the early Georgian state of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli . ref The Making of the Georgian Nation , Ronald Grigor Suny, p. 13 ref ref Readings in the History of the Ancient World , William Coffman McDermott, Wallace Everett Caldwell, p. 404 ref Caucasian Iberians should not be confused with the ancient inhabitants of the Ancient Rome Roman Hispania , the Iberians of the Iberian Peninsula , or today s Spanish people Spanish and Portuguese people Portuguese who are also referred to as Iberians. History The area was inhabited in Ancient history earliest times by several relative tribes of Tibareni , Moschi , Saspers , Diaokhi , etc., collectively called Iberians the Eastern Iberians by ancient Ancient Greece Greek Herodotus , Strabo , etc. and Ancient Rome Roman authors. Iberians called their country Kartli after a mythic chief, Kartlos . One of the Iberian tribes of Mtskheta the future capital of the Iberian kingdom dominated the early Kingdom. The Mtskheta tribe was later ruled by a prince locally known as mamasakhlisi the father of the household ... BC on Iberia, forcing King Pharnavaz II of Iberia Pharnavaz II to join their campaign against Caucasian ... of the Persians, he secured the northern borders by subjugating the Caucasian mountaineers, and brought ... the presence of Caucasian Iberians in the region for several millennia. The Iberian tribes were an indigenous people of the Caucasus region, united by a common language, the ancestor of the Ibero Caucasian ... and linguistic origins of Caucasian Iberians with the ancient Iberians of the Iberian Peninsula , or the modern ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Caucasian Toad image status NT status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Anura familia Bufonidae genus Bufo species B. verrucosissimus binomial Bufo verrucosissimus binomial authority Peter Simon Pallas Pallas , 1814 synonyms Bufo colchicus Eichwald, 1831 div div Rana caucasica Pallas, 1814 The Caucasian Toad Bufo verrucosissimus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is found in Azerbaijan , Georgia country Georgia , Iran , Russia , and Turkey . Its natural habitat s are temperate forest s, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, intermittent river s, rural gardens, pond s, and aquaculture ponds. It is threatened by habitat loss . References Kuzmin, S., St ck, M., Papenfuss, T., Rastegar Pouyani, N., Ugurtas, I., Anderson, S., Tarkhnishvili, D., Ananjeva, N., Orlov, N. & Tuniyev, B. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 39421 all Bufo verrucosissimus . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007. Category Bufo Category Amphibians of Asia Category Amphibians of Europe Category Fauna of the Middle East Category Near threatened animals Bufonidae stub ca Bufo verrucosissimus fr Bufo verrucosissimus vi Caucasian Toad ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Caucasian Mole image status LR lc status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Talpidae genus Talpa genus Talpa species T. caucasica binomial Talpa caucasica binomial authority Konstantin Alexeevitsch Satunin Satunin , 1908 synonyms The Caucasian Mole Talpa caucasica is a species of mammal in the Talpidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Russia . References Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41480 all Talpa caucasica . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. Soricomorpha T. Category Mammals of Russia Category Talpidae soricomorpha stub ca Talp del Caucas es Talpa caucasica pl Talpa caucasica ru tr Kafkas k stebe i ... more details
to promote awareness of the bird and its habitat. ref cite web title Doga Dernegi Caucasian Black ... Birds of Turkey Category Birds of Iran Grouse, Caucasian az Qafqaz tetras br Skilgog Kaokaz de Kaukasus ... more details
Taxobox name Caucasian Snowcock status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Galliformes familia Phasianidae genus Tetraogallus species T. caucasicus binomial Tetraogallus caucasicus binomial authority Peter Simon Pallas Pallas , 1811 The Caucasian Snowcock , Tetraogallus caucasicus , is a snowcock in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes , gallinaceous birds. It is Endemic ecology endemic to the Caucasus Mountains , particularly the Western Caucasus , where it breeds at altitudes from 2000 4000 m on bare stony mountains. It nests in a bare ground scrape and lays typically 5 6 greenish eggs, which are incubated only by the female. Its food is seeds and vegetable matter. It forms small flocks when not breeding. This is a 50 60 cm long bird . Its plumage is patterned with grey, brown, white and black, but this snowcock looks grey from any distance. The breast is darker and the flanks ruddier than the rest of the body. It has a white throat and a white patch on the side of the neck. The nape is rust coloured. In flight, this wary bird shows white flight feathers and undertail, and reddish sides to the tail. Male and female plumages are similar, but the juvenile is slightly smaller and duller in appearance. Caucasian Snowcock has a desolate whistling song, vaguely like a Eurasian Curlew , sooo looo leeee . The calls include loud cackles and bubbled buck buck buck buck burrrrrr . galliformes stub References IUCN2006 assessors BirdLife International year 2004 id 46995 title Tetraogallus caucasicus downloaded 11 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse by Madge and McGowan, ISBN 0 7136 3966 0 Category Snowcocks Category Western Palearctic restricted range endemic bird species az Qafqaz ular de Kaukasusk nigshuhn eo Ka kaza ne okoko it Tetraogallus caucasicus ka ja pl U ar kaukaski ru ... more details
Infobox Former Country conventional long name Caucasian Albania common name Caucasian Albania era ... map Ancient countries of Transcaucasia.jpg image map caption Borders of Arsacid kingdom Caucasian Albania ... Kabalak , Barda, Azerbaijan Partav common languages Caucasian Albanian language Caucasian Albanian ... National Musuem of Ethnology. pp 79 Yet, even at the time of Caucasian Albania and later on, as well ... A uank , Parthian language Parthian Ardhan , Middle Persian Arran , usually referred to as Caucasian ... ref name Hewsen Robert H. Hewsen. Ethno History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian ... ref The name of the country in the language of the native population, the Caucasian Albanians, is not known ... A vank is the Armenian language Armenia n name for Caucasian Albania. Armenian authors mention ..., About the Ancient Caucasian Albania. . , . , 1864, ... Aghu Armenian for sweet, soft, tender , which, he said, was the nickname of Caucasian Albania s first ... as the name of the legendary founder of Caucasian Albania Aghvan or even as the Iranic tribe known ... although modern theories tend to place this in the east of Iran. File Aghuank.jpg thumb 260px Caucasian Albania until 387 Geography In pre Islamic times, Caucasian Albania Arran was a wider concept ... between the rivers of Kura and Araks. ref name Bosworth The ancient Caucasian Albania lay on the south eastern part of the Greater Caucasus mountains. It was bounded by Caucasian Iberia present day ... of Caucasian Albania, sometimes referred to by scholars as Greater Albania, ref name atlas ... city Ganja , along with others. Ethnogenesis Originally, the Caucasian Albanians apparently spoke Lezgic languages close to those found in modern Daghestan . ref name lezg ref name zaza After the Caucasian ... parts of Caucasian Albania were Islamized and absorbed by Iranian peoples Iranian ref ... of Caucasian Albania might have played a role in the ethnogenesis of a number of modern ethnicities ... more details
distinguish Eurasian Avars ethnic group group Avars br I image File Caucasian avar khanate flag dagestan north caucasus.jpg 235px caption Flag of the Avars poptime approx. 1 million popplace Russia 814,500 2002 ref name rus census http www.perepis2002.ru content.html?id 11&docid 10715289081463 Russian 2002 census ref , primarily Dagestan 750,000 Azerbaijan 50,900 1999 ref name azer http www.eurasianet.org resource azerbaijan hypermail 200103 0062.html Devlet statistik Komitesi , http ii elm.az view.php?lang az&menu 21&id 14 Az rbaycan Milli Elml r Akademiyas qtisadiyyat nstitutu ref br Georgia country Georgia rels Sunni Islam ref An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires, By James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas, Nicholas Charles Pappas, pg. 58 ref langs Avar language Avar related Northeast Caucasian languages Northeast Caucasian peoples Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus , mainly of Dagestan , in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian languages Northeast Caucasian language family also known as Nakh Dagestanian . They populate most of the mountain part of Dagestan, and partly also plains Buynakskiy, Khasav yurtovskiy and other regions . They also live in Chechnya , Kalmykia and other subjects of Russia , as well as Azerbaijan mainly, the Balakan Rayon Balakan ... for those 3 remaining figures Avar name Avarian Philologists think the Avar name is coming from Caucasian ... Huns Turkic Huns were the Sino Caucasian. But later Huns were Aryan mixed. Language main Avar language ... Caucasian languages Northeast Caucasian or Nakh Dagestanian language family. The writing is based ... of the Soviet archaeological ethnographic expedition of 1945 1948, these Caucasian Avars migrated ... ruling dynasty in Sarir , a Christian state in the Dagestani Highlands, where the Caucasian ... 1834 59 . This Caucasian War raged until 1864, when the Avarian Khanate was abolished and the Avarian ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Caucasian Salamander status VU status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Caudata familia Salamandridae genus Mertensiella species M. caucasica binomial Mertensialla caucasica binomial authority Waga, 1876 synonyms The Caucasian Salamander Mertensiella caucasica is a species of salamander in the Salamandridae family. It is found in Georgia country Georgia and Turkey . Its natural habitat s are temperate forest s and river s. It is the only member of its genus, and is threatened by habitat loss . Subspecies Mertensiella caucasica caucasica Waga , 1876 Mertensiella caucasica djanaschvilii Tartarachvili et Bakradze , 1989 References Papenfuss, T., Kuzmin, S., Tarkhnishvili, D., Tuniyev, B., Sparreboom, M., Ugurtas, I., Anderson, S., Eken, G., Kili , T. & Gem, E. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 13198 all Mertensiella caucasica . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 09 July 2007. Michael Veith, Sebastian Steinfartz, 2004. When non monophyly results in taxonomic consequences the case of Mertensiella within the Salamandridae Amphibia Urodela . Salamandra 40, 67 80. Salamandridae stub br Sourd Kaokaz de Kaukasus Salamander fr Mertensiella caucasica ka lt Kaukazin salamandra nl Mertensiella caucasica pl Salamandra kaukaska pt Mertensiella caucasica ru tr Kafkas semenderi Category Salamandridae ... more details
Refimprove talk y date February 2010 Infobox Former Country native name conventional long name Caucasian Imamate common name The Imamate continent Europe region Caucasus status Imamate era government type D v n year start 1828 year end 1859 event start The Caucasian War Gazawat begins, the Imamate is established to combat the Russians event end Overthrown by the Russian Empire date post March April 1918 s1 Russian Empire flag s1 Flag of Russia.svg image coat image flag Thirdimamateflag.svg national motto national anthem religion Islam title leader Imam year leader1 1828 1832 leader1 Ghazi Muhammad year leader2 1832 1834 leader2 Gamzat bek year leader3 1834 1859 leader3 Imam Shamil year leader4 1918 leader4 Najmuddin Hotso languages Arabic as religious language, Turkish as governmental language and lingua franga, and Avar and Kumyk elevated in other purposes Not to be confused with the Caucasus Emirate The Caucasian Imamate also known as the Caucasus Imamate was the state established by the imam s in Dagestan and Chechnya during the early and middle of the 19th century in the Northern Caucasus , to fight against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War , where Russia sought to conquer ... array of states. Caucasian Albania had existed in Southern Dagestan, but was overrun and converted ..., in Central and Western Dagestan. These areas had always lied far outside the influence of Caucasian ... Caucasian elites of states run by Avars, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks and others particularly ... in a victory for Ghazi and Shamil. Though, this action would start the Caucasian War , a war ... politics were always concerned with the furthering of Islam or the Caucasian War. As such, the only ... palace. Shamil agreed, and The Caucasian Imamate was no more. However, fighting did not immediately ... on his fight in Chechnya, meanwhile, North Caucasian nationalists of various creeds similarly went ... Shapi Kaziev, Shapi . Siege of Akhoulgo Akhoulgo . Caucasian War Caucasian War of XIX th century . http ... more details
expand section Aftermath date January 2011 Infobox Military Conflict conflict The Caucasian War part of image Image Caucwar.jpg 300px caption Franz Roubaud s A Scene from the Caucasian War date 1817 1864 place The North Eastern Caucasus, modern Chechenia , Ingushetia & Dagestan casus Caucasus War territory Chechenia, Ingushetia & Dagestan annexed into Russia. result Imam Shamil s surrender, Russian annexation of the Northeast Caucasus combatant1 flagicon Russia Russian Empire combatant2 Image Thirdimamateflag.svg 22px Caucasian Imamate combatant3 Khanate s of the North Caucasus commander1 Nicholas I of Russia Tsar Nicholas I , BR Alexander I of Russia Tsar Alexander I , BR Alexander II of Russia Tsar Alexander II , BR Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov Aleksey Yermolov , BR Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov Mikhail Vorontsov , BR Aleksandr Baryatinskiy , BR Nikolai Evdokimov commander2 Imam Shamil , br Ghazi Mullah KIA commander3 No single commanders, every khanate had its Khan title khan or khanum strength1 about 250,000 strength2 roughly 7,000 strength3 unknown, probably around 500 1000 casualties1 roughly 4,000 casualties2 about 5,000 casualties3 unknown notes The Caucasian War of 1817 1864, also known as the Russian conquest of the Caucasus ref Baddeley, John F. The Russian conquest of the Caucasus . London, New York, Bombay, Calcutta Longmans, Green and Co., 1908. Reprinted Mansfield Centre, Conn. Martino Pub., 2006. ISBN 1 57898 576 5. ref or the Ghazw Gazawat Holy War ref http www.yale.edu agrarianstudies papers 11noxchi.pdf ref to North Caucasian Muslims, was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which ended with the annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus to Russia. It consisted of a series of military action s waged by Russia against territories and tribal ... , was part of the Caucasian War. Other territories of the Caucasus Georgia country Georgia , Armenia ... Shapi Kaziev, Shapi . Siege of Akhoulgo Akhoulgo . Caucasian War of XIX th century. http www.kaziev.ru ... more details
Taxobox name Caucasian goby status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Perciformes subfamilia Benthophilinae genus Ponticola species P. constructor binomial Ponticola constructor binomial authority Alexander von Nordmann Nordmann , 1840 synonyms Gobius cephalarges constructor small Alexander von Nordmann Nordmann , 1840 small Gobius constructor small Alexander von Nordmann Nordmann , 1840 small Neogobius cephalarges constructor small Alexander von Nordmann Nordmann , 1840 small Neogobius constructor small Alexander von Nordmann Nordmann , 1840 small Caucasian goby Ponticola constructor , is a Ponto Caspian species of family biology family Gobiidae . Earlier mentioned as subspecies of the mushroom goby Ponticola eurycephalus . Length up to 20 cm ref http www.fishbase.org Summary speciesSummary.php?ID 48261&genusname Neogobius&speciesname constructor Ponticola constructor in FishBase ref ref Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 . Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Suiza. 646 p. ref . In Europe , western tributaries of Kuban River in northern Caucasus . In Asia , coastal Black Sea drainage of southern Caucasus from Chorokh to Psyrtskha . References reflist Bibliography Berg L.S. 1965 . Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. vol. 3, 4th ed., Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalen, Israel. Eschmeyer W.N., ed. 1998 . Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, No 1, vol. 1 3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, US. 2905. ISBN 0 940228 47 5. Fenner R.M. The Conscientious Marine Aquarist . Neptune City, New Jersey, US T.F.H. Publications, 2001. Helfman G., Collette B., Facey D. The diversity of fishes . Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, US, 1997. Hoese D.F. 1986 Gobiidae . p. 774 807. A M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra eds. Smiths sea fishes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Moyle P ... more details
Infobox former country native name conventional long name Caucasian Iberia common name Iberia continent Europe region Caucasus country Georgia era Classical Antiquity Antiquity status Monarchy Kingdom status text empire government type Monarchy Rise and fall, events, years and dates only fill in the start end event entry if a specific article exists. Don t just say abolition or declaration year start 302 BC year end 580 AD year exile start Year of start of exile if dealing with exiled government status Exile year exile end Year of end of exile leave blank if still in exile event start Pharnavaz I of Iberia Pharnavaz I s reign date start Optional Date of establishment, enter dates in this format ... caption Borders of Caucasian Iberia during its existence image map2 image map2 alt image map2 caption ... region Caucasian Iberia or Eastern Iberia is used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula , where the present day countries of Spain , Portugal and Andorra are located. The Caucasian Iberians ... history earliest times by several related tribes in Kura Araxes culture , collectively called Caucasian ... forcing King Pharnavaz II of Iberia Pharnavaz II to join their campaign against Caucasian Albania ... 300 map alt de.png thumb 300px left Caucasian Iberia as a vassal of the Roman Empire around 300 AD However, in the Peace of Nisibis 298 while the Roman empire obtained control of Caucasian Iberia again as a vassal state and acknowledged the reign over all the caucasian area, it recognized Mirian ... a vassal of the Persians, he secured the northern borders by subjugating the Caucasian mountaineers ... , has led to an idea of ethnogenetical kinship between them and the people of Caucasian Iberia called .... Citation needed date October 2010 See also Dzalisi Roman Georgia Caucasian Albania Caucasian Iberians ... 2 Further reading Thomson, Robert W. Rewriting Caucasian History 1996 ISBN 0 19 826373 2 Braund, David ..., 1966 Toumanoff, Cyril . Studies in Christian Caucasian History . Washington D.C. Georgetown University ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Caucasian Psychosis Type compilation Artist Therapy? Cover Released April 13, 1992 Recorded 1990 at Homestead Studio, Randalstown , Northern Ireland and 1991 at Southern Studios , London , England Genre Rock music Rock Length 49 54 Label Quarterstick Records Quarterstick Producer Mudd Wallace, Harvey Birrell, Therapy? Reviews Last album Pleasure Death br 1992 This album Caucasian Psychosis br 1992 Next album Nurse album Nurse br 1992 Caucasian Psychosis is a US compilation album of Babyteeth and Pleasure Death by the rock band Therapy? . It was released on April 13, 1992 on Quarterstick Records . Both mini albums had been previously released in Europe on Wiiija Records . ref cite web url http www.therapyquestionmark.co.uk discography other caucasianpsychosis.php title Official Therapy? Discography ref The album was released on 12 vinyl, CD and Cassette. Track listing All songs written by Therapy? Meat Abstract 3 46 Skyward 2 39 Punishment Kiss 4 41 Animal Bones 3 39 Loser Cop 3 26 Innocent X 4 00 Dancin with Manson 5 20 Skinning Pit 5 56 Fantasy Bag 3 40 Shitkicker 2 30 Prison Breaker 4 26 D.L.C. 2 32 Potato Junkie 3 10 Personnel Andy Cairns vocals, guitar Fyfe Ewing vocals, drums Michael McKeegan bass Keith Thompson sax on Loser Cop Mudd and Therapy? producer tracks 1 7 Harvey Birrell, John Loder and Therapy? producer tracks 8 13 Lori Barbero photography Trish O Callaghan cover art Trivia The sample in Meat Abstract Wake up, time to die is taken from the 1982 movie Blade Runner and is spoken by actor Brion James . The sample in Loser Cop All we represent to them man, is somebody who needs a haircut is taken from the 1969 movie Easy Rider and is spoken by actor Dennis Hopper . The sample in Loser Cop You little punk is taken from the 1989 movie Drugstore Cowboy . The sample in Loser Cop Good morning, you fascists, you pigs, you bigots, you pinkos, you fags, you bastards, fuzz. This indoctrination of vocal harassment ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Persian Squirrel image Sciurus anomalus Jeita Grotto.jpg status LC status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Yigit, N., Kry tufek, B., Sozen, M., Bukhnikashvili, A. & Shenbrot, G. year 2008 id 20000 title Sciurus anomalus downloaded 6 January 2009 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Sciuridae genus Sciurus subgenus Tenes subgenus authority Thomas, 1909 species S. anomalus binomial Sciurus anomalus binomial authority Gmelin, 1778 subdivision ranks Subspecies ref name Thorington cite book last1 Thorington first1 R.W., Jr. last2 Hoffmann first2 R.S. year 2005 pages 754 818 editor1 last Wilson editor1 first D.E. editor2 last Reeder editor2 first D.M url http www.bucknell.edu msw3 Sciurus Tenes anomalus chapterurl http www.bucknell.edu msw3 browse.asp?s y&id 12400093 title Mammal Species of the World a taxonomic and geographic reference edition 3rd publisher The Johns Hopkins University Press isbn 0 8018 8221 4 oclc 26158608 ref subdivision S. a. anomalus S. a. pallescens S. a. syriacus synonyms The Persian squirrel or Caucasian squirrel Sciurus anomalus is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus Endemism endemic to Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia country Georgia , Greece , Iran , Iraq , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Syria , and Turkey . Its natural habitat is temperate broadleaf and mixed forests . ref name iucn Commons Sciurus anomalus References reflist S. Sciurinae1 nav Squirrel stub Category Sciurus Category Fauna of Iran Squirrel, Persian az ran sincab br Gwi ver Persia cs Veverka kr tkouch es Sciurus anomalus fa fr Sciurus anomalus it Sciurus anomalus he lt Kaukazin vover hu Perzsa m kus nl Kaukasuseekhoorn ru tr Anadolu sincab ... more details
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