wiktionarypar catchment A catchmentarea may refer to Catchmentarea human geography , the area and population from which a facility or region attracts visitors or customers Drainage basin , an extent of land where water from precipitation drains into a body of water disambig ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 In human geography , a catchmentarea is the area and population from which a city or individual service attracts visitors or customers. For example, a school catchmentarea is the geographic area from which students are eligible to attend a local school . Another application of the concept is that airport s can be built and maintained in locations where they would be best utilized by the surrounding population with minimal driving distance. ref cite web title Airports Non Financial Analysis publisher Transport Canada url http www.tc.gc.ca programs airports RSAS nonfinanalysis.htm ref Local governments and community service organizations often define catchment areas or service areas for public safety e.g., fire and police and emergency medical services. Catchment areas are generally founded either on formal local government boundaries or else on some other geographic basis. For example, a neighbourhood or district of a city often has several small convenience shops, each with a catchmentarea of several streets. Supermarkets, on the other hand, have a much lower density, with catchment areas of several neighbourhoods or several villages in rural areas . This principle, similar to the central place theory , makes catchment areas an important area of study for geographers , economists , and urban planners . References references Category Human geography Category Economic geography Geo term stub fr Zone de chalandise nl Verzorgingsgebied ... more details
coord 53.704 0.593 display title region GB scale 2000000 The Easington CatchmentArea commonly known as ECA is a group of natural gas producing fields in the North Sea. They lie between convert 25 and 30 mi from the Yorkshire coast. External links cite web url http www.offshore technology.com projects eca title BG Exploration and Production Gas Development Offshore Technology publisher www.offshore technology.com accessdate 2009 10 29 Category Natural gas fields in the United Kingdom England stub gasfield stub ... more details
orphan date August 2010 The two step floating catchmentarea 2SFCA method is a method for combining a number of related types of information into a single, immediately meaningful, index that allows comparisons to be made across different locations. Its importance lies in the improvement over considering the individual sources of information separately, where none on its own provides an adequate summary. Background The two step floating catchmentarea 2SFCA method is a special case of a gravity model of Spatial analysis Spatial interaction spatial interaction that was developed to measure spatial accessibility to primary care physician s. ref Luo and Wang 2003a ref ref name LWb Luo and Wang 2003b ref 2SFCA can also be used to measure other accessibility such as accessibility to jobs, to cancer care facilities, etc. It was inspired by the spatial decomposition idea first proposed by Radke and Mu 2000 . The 2SFCA method not only has most of the advantages of a gravity model, but is also intuitive to interpret, as it uses essentially a special form of physician to population ratio. It is easy to implement in a Geographic information system GIS environment. ref name LWb Luo and Wang, 2003b ref ref Wang and Luo, 2005 ref ref Wang, 2006 80 95 ref In essence, the 2SFCA method measures spatial accessibility as a ratio of primary care physicians to population, combining two steps it first ..., http www.niu.edu landform papers JHAP741 e2sfca.pdf An enhanced two step floating catchmentarea ... step floating catchmentarea method, Applied Geography, Volume 29, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages ... pii S0143622809000034 DEFAULTSORT Two Step Floating CatchmentArea Method Category Geography Category ... decay within catchments ref Luo and Qi, 2009 ref and called the enhanced two step floating catchmentarea E2SFCA method. Furthermore, the use of capping certain services according to nearby population ... Luo, W., Wang, F., 2003a. Spatial accessibility to primary care and physician shortage area ... more details
Multiple issues expert subject August 2009 refimprove August 2009 context August 2009 Catchment hydrology , is the study of the hydrology regarding drainage basin catchments . Water balance Catchment hydrology is based on the principal of continuity, which is used to perform a water balance on a catchment math I O dS dt math , where math I math inputs P, precipitation meteorology precipitation OW, occult water , math O math outputs ET, evapotranspiration R, Surface runoff runoff , and math dS dt math the change in catchment storage over time. Neglecting the minor inputs of occult water, the water balance can be revised to math P R ET dS dt math . Finally, considering a catchment on a long time scale, typically a year or more, removes the storage component from the equation math P R ET math . ref Kendall and McDonnell, 1998. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology. Elsevier ref For more information see water balance Terminology There are many terms involved with and related to catchment hydrology. These basic ones are taken from the glossary of terms in Kendall and McDonnell, 1998 aquifer baseflow drainage basin catchment drainage divide evaporation evapotranspiration event water groundwater flow Horton flow hydrograph infiltration hydrology infiltration intensity rainfall intensity interception water interception overland flow pre event water subsurface runoff subsurface stormflow surface runoff time of concentration transpiration References reflist See also hydrology isotope hydrology hydrogeology groundwater hydrology agriculture agricultural hydrology Category Hydrology ... more details
Refimprove date February 2009 The Catchment Management Authorities CMAs were established in Victoria Australia Victoria , Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994. Originally known as Catchment and Land Protection Boards, the CMAs were changed to their present name in 1997. Catchment management authorities are unique because the area they govern corresponds to the naturally occurring drainage basins, enabling integrated catchment management . Image CMA.png right thumb Catchment Management Authorities boundaries. There are 10 CMAs covering the whole of Victoria Australia Victoria Corangamite Catchment Management Authority Corangamite East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority East Gippsland Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority Glenelg Hopkins Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority Goulburn Broken Mallee Catchment Management Authority Mallee North Central North East Catchment Management Authority North East Port Phillip and Western Port Catchment Management Authority Port Phillip and Western Port West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority West Gippsland Wimmera Catchment ..., to produce a regional catchment strategy. A regional catchment strategy is a statement of how the CMA ... catchment management . It should cover the condition of the land and water, assess land degradation ... for review of the strategy. The regional catchment strategy can also undertake to provide incentives to landholders, educational programs, research and other services. ref Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, page 49. Victorian Government, 2007. ref See also Integrated catchment management Catchment management External links http ccma.vic.gov.au Corangamite Catchment Management Authority website http egcma.com.au East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority website http ghcma.vic.gov.au Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority website http www.gbcma.vic.gov.au Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority website http www.malleecma.vic.gov.au Mallee Catchment Management Authority ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Image Western Catchment locator map.png thumb right Western Water CatchmentArea The Western Water Catchment currently houses four reservoirs, Tengeh Reservoir , Poyan Reservoir , Murai Reservoir and Sarimbun Reservoir . The Western Water Catchment is also a live firing area in which it is used by the Singapore Armed Forces for training purposes. It is also a restricted area in which it is out of bound to all members in the public except for military personnel from Pasir Laba Camp and Sungei Gedong Camp. In future, it will be redeveloped into HDB estate cum forest park Green Corridor, replacing Pulau Tekong as it is still for military use. Places in Singapore Coord missing Singapore Category Western Water Catchment Singapore geo stub ... more details
Catchment Management Authority may refer to Catchment Management Authority New South Wales Catchment Management Authority Victoria disambig ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox government agency agency name Sydney Catchment Authority type Statutory authority nativename nativename a nativename r logo logo width 200px logo caption seal seal width seal caption picture picture width picture caption formed 1999 preceding1 preceding2 etc. dissolved superseding jurisdiction New South Wales headquarters latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW region code coordinates employees budget minister1 name Hon. Katrina Hodgkinson MP minister1 pfo br Minister for Primary Industries New South Wales Minister for Primary Industries minister2 name minister2 pfo br Minister for Roads and Ports etc. chief1 name Michael Bullen chief1 position br Chief Executive chief2 name chief2 position etc. agency type parent agency New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Department of Primary Industries child1 agency child2 agency child3 agency etc. keydocument1 Cite Legislation AU NSW act Sydney Water Catchment Management Act, 1998 etc. website http www.sca.nsw.gov.au footnotes map map width map caption The Sydney Catchment Authority is a statutory ... catchments and catchment infrastructure, and supplies bulk water to its customers, including Sydney ... pursuant to the Cite Legislation AU NSW act Sydney Water Catchment Management Act, 1998 . Objectives of the authority The objectives of the authority are to manage and protect the catchmentarea and catchment infrastructure to promote water quality to protect public health and safety, and the environment ... of ecologically sustainable development to efficiently and economically manage catchment ... http www.austlii.edu.au au legis nsw consol act swcma1998330 index.html Sydney Water Catchment Management Act 1998 External links http www.sca.nsw.gov.au Sydney Catchment Authority http www.sca.nsw.gov.au data assets pdf file 0006 4299 CatchmentsMap08.pdf a map of the catchment areas around Sydney ... Sydney Catchment Authority ... more details
Infobox SSSI image name St. Dunstan s Well Catchment aos Somerset interest Biological and Geological gridref gbmappingsmall ST668475 latitude 51.2257 longitude 2.4768 displaymap Somerset area convert 39.8 ha km2 sqmi notifydate Start date 1967 enref 1000377 St. Dunstan s Well Catchment gbmapping ST668475 is a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest , covering convert 39.8 ha acre 1 near Stoke St Michael in the Mendip Hills , Somerset , SSSI notification notified in 1967. Formerly known as Stoke St Michael Slocker. Geological St Dunstan s Well Catchment is an important and well known cave system which includes a series of spectacularly decorated caves which in total extend to about 4 miles of mapped passage. The caves at Fairy Cave Quarry were formed mainly by the erosive action of water flowing beneath the water table at considerable pressure so called phreatic development , but as the water table has fallen many of the caves now lie well above it and the system now contains a variety of cave formations stalagmite s, stalactites and calcite curtains which in their extent and preservation are amongst the best in Britain. Shatter Cave and Withyhill Cave are generally considered to be amongst the finest decorated caves in Britain in terms of their sheer abundance of pure white and translucent calcite deposits. Biological An area of nationally rare species rich unimproved calcareous grassland of the Sheep s fescue Meadow Oat grass type occurs in the field to the east of Stoke Lane Quarry. Small numbers of Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum , Lesser Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hipposideros and Natterer s bat Myotis nattereri hibernate in the cave system. ref cite web title St. Dunstan s Well Catchment work English Nature url http www.english nature.org.uk citation citation photo 1000377.pdf format PDF accessdate 2006 07 20 ref References reflist SSSIs Somerset geological SSSIs Somerset biological Category Bat roosts in England Category Mendip Hills Category ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 The Corangamite Catchment Management Authority CMA region spans 13,000 square kilometres of south west Victoria Australia Victoria , Australia . About 350,000 people live within the catchmentarea, which stretches from Ballarat, Victoria Ballarat to Geelong, Victoria Geelong and along the coast to Peterborough, Victoria Peterborough . Corangamite region The Lake Corangamite region is famous for its spectacular coastline, which incorporates the Great Ocean Road and the Great Otway National Park . There are 13 Ramsar Convention Ramsar listed wetlands in the catchment including Lake Corangamite , the largest permanent inland lake in Australia. Significant river systems include the Aire, Barwon River Victoria Barwon , Gellibrand, Curdies, Leigh, Moorabool River Moorabool and Woady Yaloak River Woady Yaloak rivers. The goldfields of Ballarat , tall timber of the Colac Otway Shire Otway rainforests and lush grasslands attracted early settlement, and today Corangamite s economic mainstays are agriculture, industry and tourism. Corangamite s environmental challenges include land use change, demands for water supply, urban migration, intensification of agriculture and increased tourism. Program Highlights The Corangamite CMA began in 1997 with a small team of employees. During the past decade, the organisation has diversified, growing in size and responsibilities. In addition to the leadership and funding co ordination responsibilities common to most Catchment Management Authority Victorian CMAs , Corangamite CMA also has the statutory responsibilities of managing the Barwon River through Geelong, and two drainage schemes the Woady Yaloak and Lough Calvert ..., the grassroots regional approach of Catchment Management Authority catchment management authorities ... through co operation between a web of stakeholders including Catchment Management Authority CMAs ... of Victoria Australia government . Category Catchment Management Authorities of Victoria ... more details
reserve acts as a catchmentarea for the surrounding reservoirs. The country s main reservoirs MacRitchie ... Peirce and Lower Peirce Reservoir Lower Peirce are located in the central catchmentarea. ref http www.nparks.gov.sg ... to Singapore. Today, they are restricted to a small area within the Central Catchment Nature Reserve ...File Central Catchment Nature Reserve locator map.png thumb Central Catchment Nature Reserve The Central Catchment Nature Reserve zh s is the largest nature reserve in Singapore , occupying 2889 hectares ref http www.nparks.gov.sg cms index.php?option com visitorsguide&task naturereserves&id 46&Itemid 75 Nature Reserves , National Parks Board, Retrieved 5 June 2009. ref Forming a large green lung in the geographical centre of the city, it houses several recreational sites, including the Singapore Zoo and the Night Safari, Singapore Night Safari , as well as several newer facilities built to encourage public appreciation of the reserve, such as the HSBC TreeTop Walk. It is one of the 4 gazetted nature reserves in Singapore. The other three are namely Labrador Nature Reserve ref http www.nparks.gov.sg cms index.php?option com visitorsguide&task naturereserves&id 48&Itemid 75 Labrador Nature Reserve , National Parks Board Website, Retrieved 4 June 2009. ref which was gazetted since ... Nature Reserve , National Parks Board, Retrieved 4 June 2009. ref Most forests in Central Catchment ... remain relatively undisturbed. The Central Catchment Nature Reserve now consists of a mixture of young ... Langur Banded leaf monkeys can only be found in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve. ref http infopedia.nl.sg ... bats have been spotted in Central Catchment Nature Reserve. The reserve also consists of many species ... education The Central Catchment Nature Reserve provides free guided tours to schools and the general ... of Education, Retrieved 5 June 2009. ref Banded Leaf Monkey Conservation The Central Catchment ... Central Water Catchment Category North Region, Singapore mr zh ... more details
Integrated catchment management is a subset of environmental planning which approaches sustainable resource management from a catchment perspective, in contrast to a piecemeal approach that artificially separates land management from water management. Integrated catchment management recognizes the existence of ecosystem s and their role in supporting flora and fauna, providing Ecosystem services services to human societies, and regulating the human environment. Integrated catchment management seeks to take into account complex relationships within those ecosystems between flora and fauna, between geology and hydrology, between soils and the biosphere, and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Integrated catchment management recognizes the cyclic nature of processes within an ecosystem, and values scientific and technical information for understanding and analysing the natural world. ref Manaaki Whenua Conference 1999 Proceedings http www.landcareresearch.co.nz news conferences manaakiwhenua papers bowden.asp Integrated catchment management rediscovered an essential tool for a new millennium , William Breck Bowden, Landcare Research ref See also Catchment Management Authority Drainage basin Motueka River References reflist External links http icm.landcareresearch.co.nz Landcare Research Integrated Catchment Management http www.abc.net.au science catchmentdetox factsheet ABC catchment fact sheet DEFAULTSORT Integrated Catchment Management Category Sustainability Category Urban studies and planning Category Hydrology Category Rivers ... more details
tone date August 2008 unreferenced date August 2008 The Mallee Catchment Management Authority CMA region is the largest catchmentarea in Victoria Australia Victoria , Australia , covering approximately 3.9 million hectares almost one fifth of the State. Mallee Region The regional population is approximately 65,000, with Mildura, Victoria Mildura the major urban centre. The north and east of the region is bordered by the River Murray , its anabranches, tributary channels, floodplains and associated wetland systems. In the south, north flowing intermittent streams, including the Yarriambiack Creek and Tyrrell Creek terminate in a number of ephemeral wetland complexes including the Wirrengren Plain, Lake Corrong and Lake Tyrrell . There are over 900 wetlands in the Mallee CMA region, 14 of which are listed as nationally significant in the A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia . In addition, the wetland and floodplain ecosystems of the Hattah Kulkyne National Park Hattah Lakes and Lindsay, Wallpolla and Mulcra Islands have been recognised by the Murray Darling Ministerial Council as icon sites to receive environmental water under the Murray Darling Basin Murray Darling Basin Commission s Living Murray initiative. Land use in the Mallee is diverse with agriculture the most economically important industry and the River Murray a major influence. The region s semi arid climate supports primary industries including cereals, prime lambs, citrus, nuts, vegetables, vine and fruit growing activities. Many of these horticultural sectors have faced a challenging period in recent years due to the Drought in Australia drought . Program Highlights A key focus for the Mallee CMA over the past decade has been helping communities to develop ... decision making in this area. Future Challenges The challenges of the vast Mallee region are both ... of business excellence, leadership and partnership and community engagement. Category Catchment Management ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 orphan date November 2009 Catchment Management Authorities are responsible for the management of water catchments in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The thirteen Catchment Management Authorities are statutory bodies within the Environment and Climate Change portfolio. The Minister for the Environment and Climate Change is Verity Firth . Border Rivers Gwydir Catchment Management Authority Central West Catchment Management Authority Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Authority Hunter Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority Lachlan Catchment Management Authority Lower Murray Darling Catchment Management Authority Murray Catchment Management Authority Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority Namoi Catchment Management Authority Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority Western Catchment Management Authority DEFAULTSORT Catchment Management Authority New South Wales Category Government agencies of New South Wales ... more details
Infobox NRHP name Fall River Pump House and Catchment Basin nrhp type image Fall River Pump House Catchment Basin.jpg caption View of the catchment basin location near the top of Fall River Rd., Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, Colorado lat degrees 40 lat minutes 26 lat seconds 15 lat direction N long degrees 105 long minutes 44 long seconds 50 long direction W locmapin Colorado area built 1938 architect National Park Service architecture Other added August 30, 2006 ref name nris NRISref 2008a ref governing body National Park Service mpsub Rocky Mountain National Park MRA refnum 06000735 The Fall River Pump House and Catchment Basin in Rocky Mountain National Park are utility structures which treat water for the Fall River Pass Museum and the Alpine Visitor Center . Built in 1938, the facility was designed by National Park Service landscape architects L. Fletcher and W.G. Hill in the National Park Service Rustic style then favored. The pump house is a simple stone faced concrete building, built into the hillside. The catchment basin captures a stream behind a small stone faced concrete dam. ref cite web url http www.hscl.cr.nps.gov insidenps report.asp?STATE CO&PARK ROMO&STRUCTURE &SORT &RECORDNO 61 date 2009 01 09 work List of Classified Structures title Fall River Pump House publisher National Park Service ref See also Fall River Pass Ranger Station National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References reflist NRHP in Rocky Mountain NP Category National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Category Buildings and structures completed in 1938 Category Buildings and structures in Rocky Mountain National Park Category Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado Category Rustic architecture Colorado NRHP stub ... more details
cleanup date August 2008 unreferenced date August 2008 The East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority CMA covers 22,000 km of land, lakes and coastal waters in the easternmost part of Victoria Australia Victoria . About 80 of the land of the region is in public ownership, mainly as State Forests and National Parks . With 40,000 residents, the current population is about 10 times that of the original Australian Aborigines Aboriginal population of the Kurnai Gunai, Bidawal and Ngarigo peoples. East Gippsland Region Variability of climate is a notable feature of the region. Rainfall ranges from 2,200 mm on the Errinundra Plateau to 500 mm in rain shadow areas like the upper Snowy River Snowy valley. Annual rainfall is highly variable which gives rise to frequent droughts and major flooding events that have significant land management impacts. Some of the important features of East Gippsland are The Gippsland Lakes , which is the largest coastal lagoon system in Australia and are listed as on the Ramsar Convention Ramsar List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance Wetlands of International Importance list The array of streams, especially the wild rivers, including the iconic Snowy River and Victoria s biggest unregulated stream, the Mitchell River Long coastal reach with undeveloped estuaries, ocean beaches and spectacular headlands Mountains and forests, which provide great scenery, clean air, clean water, recreational opportunity and forestry products Scenic and productive farming lands, especially in the river valleys and The living wealth in the form of native plants and animals, some of which occur only in this region. Program Highlights The region s natural resource ... in the East Gippsland CMA area is concentrated along the coast in major towns like Bairnsdale ... the Lakes in good health. In a recent survey of the area, over 70 of those surveyed considered ... with recent floods will cause water quality and supply problems for many years. Category Catchment ... more details
Newsrelease date February 2009 The Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority CMA lies south of the Great Dividing Range , the region contains areas of scenic beauty, magnificent and dramatic coastline, superb national parks and rich biodiversity. Glenelg Hopkins region The region spans some 2.6 million hectares and extends from Ballarat, Victoria Ballarat in the Central Highlands of Victoria Australia Victoria , Australia , west to the South Australia n border and south to the coast. The southern two thirds are characterised by flat volcanic plains while the Grampians National Park Grampians , Dundas Tablelands and Black Ranges dominate the northern third. The region has three major river drainage basins the Hopkins River Hopkins , Glenelg River Victoria Glenelg and Portland Coast. The lower section of the Glenelg River is heritage listed for its environmental significance. Salt wedge estuaries at the mouth of rivers entering the sea are environmentally significant. Extensive wetlands are a feature of the region and provide significant habitat for native biodiversity. The Glenelg Hopkins region has a range of natural assets in the form of biodiversity, waterways and wetlands, soils, forests and coastal areas. These natural resources support a unique quality of life. The south west region is an important part of provincial Victoria and boasts a diverse range of lifestyle, investment and working opportunities. The main economic drivers are agriculture, fisheries, retail, manufacturing, health and community services, education and construction. Blue gum plantations and mineral sands mining are recent additions to the region s industries. Program Highlights Community engagement ... meaningful long term change in the health of the catchment and the way it is managed requires ... through Community Landcare Facilitators and the Waterwatch program. An engaged catchment community .... Category Catchment Management Authorities of Victoria Australia ... more details
About the geometric quantity File Area.svg right thumb The combined area of these three shapes is between 15 and 16 square geometry squares . Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two dimensional surface or shape in the Plane geometry plane . Area can be understood as the amount of material ... dimensional concept . The area of a shape can be measured by comparing the shape to square geometry square s of a fixed size. In the International System of Units SI , the standard unit of area is the square metre m sup 2 sup , which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long. ref http www.bipm.org en CGPM db 11 12 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ref A shape with an area of three square metres would have the same area as three such squares. In mathematics , the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a Dimensionless quantity ... s, rectangle s, and circle s. Using these formulas, the area of any polygon can be found ... pp.45 61. ref For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the History ... geometry cylinder , the area of its boundary surface is called the surface area . Formulas for the surface ... the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus . Area plays ..., area is related to the definition of determinant s in linear algebra , and is a basic property of surfaces ... and Surfaces. Prentice Hall, 1976. Page 98. ref In analysis , the area of a subset of the plane ... Hill, 1966, ISBN 0 07 100276 6. ref though not every subset is measurable. In general, area in higher ... see also Jordan measure An approach to defining what is meant by area is through axioms. For example, we may define area as a function a from a collection M of special kind of plane figures termed measurable ... c . It can be proved that such an area function actually exists. See, for example, Elementary ... more details
Infobox Court Case italic title force name Smith v River Douglas Catchment Board court Court of Appeal image RiverDouglas.JPG date decided 3 June 1949 full name citations 1949 2 KB 500, 1949 2 All ER 179 judges prior actions subsequent actions opinions transcripts keywords Smith and Snipes Hall Farm Ltd v River Douglas Catchment Board 1949 2 KB 500 is an English contract law case, notable for Denning LJ s views concerning privity of contract. Facts The River Douglas Catchment Board agreed with a number of landowners between the River Douglas and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to carry out some work if some contribution to the cost was given. In 1940 Mrs S, one of the covenantees, sold her land Low Meadows to Smith, which incorporated Snipes Hall Farm Ltd in 1944. In Autumn 1946 the Ellen Brook burst its banks and flooded Smith and Snipes Hall Farm land. They made a claim against the Board for damages in tort and breach of contract. The question was whether not having been privy to the original agreement was a bar to any recovery. Judgment The Court of Appeal all held that the Board was in breach of contract, and that breach caused damage to the farm. The agreement showed the intention that the obligation would attach to the land, and it would not matter whose hands the land came into the owner could enforce the covenant. Because the covenant ran with the land, under section 78 Law of Property Act 1925 it could be enforced by the covenantee and successors in title. Denning LJ s notable decision went as follows. Cquote There is in Lancashire a river called Eller Brook, which is liable to overflow its banks and flood the adjoining land. In 1938, in order to prevent the flooding, eleven owners of land through which the river ran made an agreement with the local catchment board ... of the catchment board in this case clearly relates to the land of the covenantees. It was a covenant ... Suffolk case ref 1941 AC 74 ref , shows that, in the absence of a contract, a catchment board ... more details
. Wisconsin Around 85 of the Driftless Area lies within Wisconsin. The border is defined by the catchment ... Area. The wide diagonal river is the Upper Mississippi River . In this area, it forms the boundary ... Iowa . To the west, outside the Driftless Area where more regular topography is evident, tributaries ... begins here. The Driftless Area or Paleozoic Plateau is a region in the American Midwest noted mainly ... . This region includes elevations ranging from 603 to 1,719 feet 184 to 524 m and covers an area ... . Several names for this area are used. Driftless Area is widely used by both Federal and state sites ... for the greater La Crosse, Wisconsin La Crosse Metropolitan area,, and never for other portions ... Area, particularly for the southern portion of Dubuque County, Iowa Dubuque County and Swiss Valley ..., Minnesota, and Wisconsin Section IV. Driftless Area , USGS , Retrieved July 13, 2007 another government site, http www.mn.nrcs.usda.gov news features04 driftless.html Driftless Area Initiative , USDA ... of The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin Retreating ... http www.dnr.state.mn.us volunteer marapr07 driftless.html The Driftless Area , Minnesota Conservation ... and eastern lobes were in part diverted around the area by the Watersmeet Dome, an exceedingly ancient uplifted area of Cambrian rock underlain by basalt . The Green Bay and Lake Michigan lobes ... July 13, 2007 ref In earlier phases of the Wisconsinan, the Driftless Area was totally surrounded ... of the Driftless Area, a particular new concept or train of thought involves the pre Illinoian continental glacial ice originally flowing over the Driftless Area while depositing pre Illinoian till ... it when the ice retreated and uncovered the area. This was done through anticyclonic snow bearing ... Area and contiguous regions of midwestern USA through Pleistocene periglacial processes, The Open Geology ..., Section IV, Driftless Area , National Park Service , Retrieved July 9, 2007 A statement ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2010 Lee Model for Area to Area Mode is a Radio propagation model that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation. Applicable to under conditions This model is suitable for using in data collected in a specific area. The model predicts the behaviour of all links that has ends in specific areas. Coverage Frequency 900 MHz Band Mathematical formulation The model The Lee Model is formally expressed as math L L 0 gamma log d 10 log F A math where, L The median path loss . Unit decibel dB L sub 0 sub The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit decibel dB math gamma math The slope of the path loss curve. Unit decibels per decade d The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. F sub A sub Adjustment factor. Calculation of reference path loss The reference path loss is usually computed along a 1 km or 1 mile link. Any other suitable length of path can be chosen based on the applications. math L 0 G B G M 20 log lambda log d 22 math where, G sub B sub Base station Antenna radio antenna gain . Unit decibel with respect to isotropic antenna dBi math lambda math Wavelength . Unit meter m . G sub M sub Mobile station antenna gain. Unit Decibel with respect to isotropic antenna dBi . Calculation of adjustment factors The adjustment factor is calculated as math F A F BH F BG F MH F MG F F math where, F sub BH sub Base station antenna height correction factor. F sub BG sub Base station antenna gain correction factor. F sub MH sub Mobile station antenna height correction factor. F sub MG sub Mobile station antenna gain correction factor. F sub F sub Frequency correction factor The base station antenna height correction factor math F BH left frac h B 30.48 right 2 math where, h sub B sub Base station antenna height. Unit meter m . or math F BH left frac h B 100 right 2 math where, h sub B sub Base station antenna ... more details
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