This article has used the convention BCE CE since its inception, 28 July 2005 Catasterismi Greek language Greek , Katasterismoi , placings among the stars is an Alexandria n prose retelling of the Greek mythology myth ic origins of stars and constellation s, as they were interpreted in Hellenistic civilization Hellenistic culture . The work survives in an epitome assembled at the end of the 1st century CE, based on a lost original, with a possible relation to work of Eratosthenes that is now hard to pinpoint thus the author is alluded to as Pseudo Eratosthenes . Apparently it was pseudepigraphy pseudepigraphically attributed to the great astronomer from Cyrene, Libya Cyrene , to bolster its credibility. However, the astrology astrological connoisseurship of its fables in fact have nothing to do with Eratosthenes scientific conjectures and solutions&mdash which belong instead near the origins of an astronomy that was separated from the predictive and interpretive functions of astrology, not an easy feat of the logical imagination. The separation was effected in Alexandrian intellectual circles during the 1st century BCE. Catasterismi records the mature and definitive development of a long process the Hellenes assimilation of a Mesopotamian zodiac , transmitted through ... 37&ndash 40 . Chapters 1&ndash 42 of Catasterismi treat forty three of the forty eight constellations ... attributed to Hesiod . Many of the mythic themes in Catasterismi are simply drawn from Aratus , Phaenomena ... Hyginus . During the Renaissance , printing of Catasterismi , invariably attributed to Eratosthenes .... Catasterismi was illustrated by woodcuts in the first illustrated edition by Erhard Ratdolt ... bis auf Eratosthenes 1802 . ref edition of Catasterismi Meiningen 1791 was also illustrated with celestial ... Catasterismi Leipzig 1897 . Olivieri collated the five surviving complete manuscripts and a mid 14th ..., 1997 ISBN 1 890482 92 7 hb ISBN 1 890482 93 5 pb . A translation of the Catasterismi and De Astronomia ... more details
. As a follower of Artemis, Callisto, who Hesiod said ref In his lost Astronomy , quoted in Catasterismi ... by the Pseudo Eratostenes, Catasterismi e text English http www.theoi.com Heroine Kallisto.html Theoi ... more details
Aegipan ancient Greek Gr. polytonic , that is, Goat Pan, was according to some statements a being distinct from Pan mythology Pan , while others regard him as identical with Pan. His story appears to be altogether of late origin. According to Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus he was the son of Zeus and Aega goddess Aega also named Boetis or Aix , ref Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , Fabulae 155 ref and was transferred to the stars. ref Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , Poetical Astronomy ii. 13. 28 ref Others again make Aegipan the father of Pan, and state that he as well as his son was represented as half goat and half fish. ref Eratosthenes , Catasterismi 27 ref When Zeus in his contest with the Titan mythology Titans was deprived of the sinews of his hands and feet, Hermes and Aegipan secretly restored them to him and fitted them in their proper places. ref Apollodorus , i. 6. 3 ref ref Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , Poetical Astronomy l.c. ref According to a Roman tradition mentioned by Plutarch , Aegipan had sprung from the incest uous intercourse of Valeria of Tusculum and her father Valerius, and was considered only a different name for Silvanus mythology Silvanus . ref Plutarch , Parallel Lives 22 ref ref Citation last Schmitz first Leonhard author link contribution Aegipan editor last Smith editor first William title Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology volume 1 pages 26 publisher place Boston year 1867 contribution url http www.ancientlibrary.com smith bio 0035.html ref References reflist SmithDGRBM Category Greek gods Category Offspring of Zeus Category Pan lt Aigipanas sr sv Agipan ... more details
Agathosthenes polytonic was a Greeks Greek historian or philosopher of uncertain date, ref name DGRBM Citation last Schmitz first Leonhard author link contribution Agathosthenes editor last Smith editor first William title Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology volume 1 pages 66 publisher place Boston year 1867 contribution url http www.ancientlibrary.com smith bio 0075.html ref who is referred to by John Tzetzes Tzetzes as his authority in matters connected with geography. ref John Tzetzes , ad Lycophron 704, 1021. Chil. vii. 645 ref There is mention of a work of Agathosthenes called Asiatica Carmina , ref Germanicus, in Arat. Phaen. 24 ref where some writers read the name Aglaosthenes ref Thomas Gale , Notae in Parthen. p. 125, &c. ref for Aglaosthenes or Aglosthenes, who is by some considered to be the same as Agathosthenes, wrote a work on the history of Naxos city Naxos , of which nothing is extant, but which was much used by ancient writers. ref Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , Poeticon astronomicon ii, 16 ref ref Eratosthenes , Catasterismi ii. 27 ref ref Julius Pollux Pollux , ix. 83 ref ref Athen. iii. p. 78 ref ref Pliny the Elder , Natural History Pliny Naturalis Historia iv. 22 ref References Reflist 3 Literature SmithDGRBM Category Ancient Greek philosophers Category Ancient Greek historians known only from secondary sources ca Agat stenes ... more details
about the son of Poseidon Paean disambiguation In Greek mythology , Paeon was a son of Poseidon by Helle mythology Helle , who fell into the Hellespont . In some legends he was called Edonus. ref Pseudo Eratosthenes, Catasterismi http books.google.com books?id 4Sp8CaA5HI0C&pg PA43 19 Hyginus, Poeticon astronomicon , http www.theoi.com Text HyginusAstronomica2.html 20 2.20 Smith, http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper text?doc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.04.0104 3Aentry 3Dpaeon bio 4 Paeon 1. . ref He was the brother of the Giants Greek mythology giant Almops . ref Smith, http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper text?doc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.04.0104 3Aalphabetic letter 3DA 3Aentry group 3D17 3Aentry 3Dalmops bio 1 Almops ref Notes reflist References Grimal, Pierre, http books.google.com books?id iOx6de8LUNAC&printsec frontcover&source gbs ge summary r&cad 0 v onepage&q&f false The Dictionary of Classical Mythology , Wiley Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 9780631201021. http books.google.com books?id iOx6de8LUNAC&printsec frontcover&source gbs ge summary r&cad 0 v onepage&q Helle&f false Helle p. 190 Hyginus . The Myths of Hyginus , translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies, no. 34. Lawrence University of Kansas Press, 1960. Pseudo Eratosthenes , The Constellations 19 , in Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans a Sourcebook Containing the Constellations of Pseudo Eratosthenes and the Poetic Astronomy of Hyginus , translated and edited by Theony Condos, Red Wheel Weiser, 1997. ISBN 9781890482930. William Smith lexicographer Smith, William , Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology . London. http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper text?doc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.04.0104 3Aalphabetic letter 3DA Online at Perseus Category Greek mythology ... more details
In Greek mythology , Krotos or Crotus was the son of Pan mythology Pan and Eupheme . He dwelt on Mount Helicon and kept company of the Muses , whom his mother had nursed. Krotos was renowned for being both an excellent hunter and a devoted adherent of the Muses and their arts. He is credited with having invented archery and being the first to use bow and arrows for hunting animals. He is also said to have introduced applause , as he would clap his hands at the singing of the Muses, for whom this was a sign of acclaim preferable to any verbal ones. ref Clapping is the literal meaning of Krotos name http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper morph?l krotos&la greek Perseus Digital Library entry from the Greek English Lexicon by Liddel, H. G. and Scott, R. LSJ see meaning 2 ref . To commemorate his diligence, the Muses asked Zeus to place him among the stars, which he did, transforming Krotos into the constellation Sagittarius constellation Sagittarius . Various details of his stellar image were thought to represent one of his virtues lower body of a horse for his skills of a horse rider arrows for his keenness and swiftness as a hunter a Satyr s tail for him being as delightful to the Muses as the Satyrs are to Dionysus . ref Hyginus , Fabulae , 224 Poetical Astronomy , 2. 27 ref ref Pseudo Eratosthenes , Catasterismi , 28 ref ref Both Hyginus and pseudo Eratosthenes cite Sositheus , a tragedian of the 3rd c. BCE ref References reflist External links http www.theoi.com Georgikos SatyrosKrotos.html Theoi Project Krotos Greek myth stub Category Greek mythology ... more details
File Phrixos und Helle.jpg thumb Phrixus and Helle In Greek mythology, Phrixus or Frixos lang el , Phrixos or Phryxus was the son of Athamas , king of Boeotia Boiotia , and Nephele a goddess of clouds . His twin sister Helle mythology Helle and he were hated by their stepmother, Ino . Ino hatched a devious plot to get rid of the twins, roasting all of Boeotia s crop seeds so they would not grow. The local farmers, frightened of famine, asked a nearby oracle for assistance. Ino bribed the men sent to the oracle to lie and tell the others that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus and Helle. Before they were killed, though, Phrixus and Helle were rescued by a flying, or swimming, ref Flying is conventional in modern treatments, but see D. S. Robertson, http www.jstor.org stable 705411 The Flight of Phrixus , The Classical Review , Vol. 54, No. 1 Mar., 1940 , pp. 1 8. ref ram with silver wool sent by Nephele , their natural mother their starting point is variously recorded as Halos in Thessaly and Orchomenus in Boeotia . During their flight Helle swooned, fell off the ram and drowned in the Dardanelles , renamed the Hellespont sea of Helle , but Phrixus survived all the way to Colchis , where King Ae tes , the son of the sun god Helios , took him in and treated him kindly, giving Phrixus his daughter, Chalciope , in marriage. In gratitude, Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus and gave the king the Golden Fleece golden fleece of the goat, which Ae tes hung in a tree in the holy grove of Ares in his kingdom, guarded by a dragon that never slept. Phrixus and Chalciope had four sons, who later joined forces with the Argonauts . The oldest was Argos. Testimonia Apollonius Rhodius , passim Apollodorus, pseudo Eratosthenes Catasterismi 14, 19 Hyginus 1 3, 12, 21, 22, 188 Ovid. Metamorphoses 12.8ff, Fasti 3.867ff Valerius Flaccus, 1.281ff Palaephatus 30 References references Greek myth stub Category Greek mythology Category Boeotian mythology br Friksos ca Frixos c ... more details
Other uses Aega disambiguation Aega Greek language Greek polytonic was, according to Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , a daughter of Olenus , who was a descendant of Hephaestus . ref Gaius Julius Hyginus Hyginus , Poet. Astr. ii. 13 ref Aega and her sister Helice nursed the infant Zeus in Crete , and the former was afterwards changed by the god into the constellation called Capella star Capella . According to other traditions mentioned by Hyginus, Aega was a daughter of Melissus of Crete Melisseus , king of Crete , and was chosen to suckle the infant Zeus but as she was found unable to do it, the service was performed by the goat Amalthea mythology Amalthea . Hyginus also reports a tradition that while married to Pan mythology Pan she had a son by Zeus whom she called Aegipan . According to other authors, Aega was a daughter of Helios and of such dazzling brightness that the Titan mythology Titan s in their attack upon Mount Olympus Olympus became frightened and requested their mother Gaia mythology Gaia to conceal her in the earth. She was accordingly confined in a cave in Crete, where she became the nurse of Zeus. In the Titanomachy , Zeus was commanded by an oracle to cover himself with her skin aegis . He obeyed the command and raised Aega among the stars. Similar, though somewhat different accounts, were given by Euemerus and others. ref Eratosthenes , Catasterismi 13 ref ref Antoninus Liberalis , 36 ref ref Lactantius , Instit. i. 22. 19 ref It is clear that in some of these stories Aega is regarded as a nymph , and in others as a goat , though the two ideas are not kept clearly distinct from each other. Her name is either connected with polytonic , which signifies a goat, or with polytonic , a gale of wind and this circumstance has led some critics to consider the myth about her as made up of two distinct ones, one being of an astronomical nature and derived from the constellation Capella, the rise of which brings storms and tempests, ref Arat., Pha ... more details
for context Orion mythology File Poussin Orion aveugle cherchant le soleil, detail.JPG thumb 200px Cedalion standing on the shoulders of Orion detail from Blind Orion Searching for the Rising Sun by Nicolas Poussin , 1658, Oil on canvas 46 7 8 x 72 in. 119.1 x 182.9 cm , Metropolitan Museum of Art In Greek mythology , Cedalion or Kedalion Greek language Classical Greek was a servant of Hephaestus in Lemnos . According to one tradition, he was Hephaestus s tutor, with whom Hera fostered her son on Naxos Island Naxos to teach him smithcraft. ref Eustathius of Thessalonica , first note on , 294 Kerenyi, Gods of the Greeks , p. 156 says it is also supported by Servius on Aeneid 10.763 there are several variant texts of Servius. ref Kerenyi compares him to the Cabeiri , to Chiron , and to Prometheus . ref Kerenyi, The Gods of the Greeks 1951 156, 177, 283. ref The more common story of Cedalion tells of his part in the healing of Orion mythology Orion , who came to Lemnos after he was blinded by Oenopion . Orion took up Cedalion ref Fragment of Hesiod s Astronomy quoted in Pseudo Eratosthenes Catasterismi Pseudo Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 1.25. ref and set the youth upon his shoulders ref Lucian of Samosata , de Domo 28. ref for a guide to the East. ref Traditions vary whether this was an arduous journey, or whether Orion simply had to face the dawn, personified as Eos . ref There the rays of Helios restored Orion s sight. Sophocles wrote a satyr play Cedalion , of which a few words survive. Its plot is uncertain, whether the blinding of Orion by Oenopion and the satyrs on Chios, probably with Cedalion offstage and prophesied, or the recovery of Orion s sight on Lemnos. It has also been suggested that the subject may be Hephaestus s fostering or the instructions given to the blinded Orion by satyrs in Cedalion s service. One of the surviving lines suggests extreme drunkenness Burkert reads this fragment as from a chorus of Cabeiri . ref Fragments of Sophocles , ed ... more details
Antoninus Liberalis was an Ancient Greece Ancient Greek grammar ian who probably flourished between AD 100 and 300 . His only surviving work is the Metamorphoses , , Metamorphoseon Synagoge , literally Collection of Transformations , a collection of forty one very briefly summarised tales about mythical metamorphoses effected by offended deities, unique in that they are couched in prose, not verse. The literary genre of myths of transformations of men and women, heroes and nymphs, into stars see Catasterismi , plants and animals, or springs, rocks and mountains, were widespread and popular in the classical world. This work has more polished parallels in the better known Metamorphoses poem Metamorphoses of Ovid and in the The Golden Ass Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius . Like them, its sources, where they can be traced, are Hellenistic works, such as Nicander s Heteroeumena and Ornithogonia ascribed to Boios . ref Timothy Renner, A Papyrus Dictionary of Metamorphoses, , Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 1978 278 many of Antoninus Liberalis transformations are also into birds. ref The work survives in a single manuscript, of the later ninth century, now in the Palatine Library in Heidelberg it contains several works. John Stojkovi brought it to the Dominican convent at Basel about 1437 in 1553, Hieronymus Froeben gave it to Otto Henry, Elector Palatine who gave it to the Library. In 1623, with the rest of the Palatine Library, it was taken to Rome in 1798, to Paris, as part of Napoleonic plunder under the terms of the Treaty of Tolentino in 1816, it was restored to Heidelberg. ref Heidelberg al. gr. 398. ref Guilielmus Xylander printed the text in 1598 since some leaves have since disappeared, his edition is also a necessary authority for the text. Many of the transformations in this compilation are found nowhere else, and some may simply be inventions of Antoninus. The manner of the narrative is a laconic and conversational prose this comp ... more details
In Ancient Greece , the Lykaia lang el was an archaic festival with a secret ritual on the slopes of Lycaeus Mount Lykaion Wolf Mountain , the tallest peak in rustic Arcadia . The rituals and myths of this primitive rite of passage centered upon an ancient threat of cannibalism and the possibility of a werewolf transformation for the Ephebos epheboi adolescent males who were the participants. The festival occurred yearly, probably at the beginning of May. ref Arthur Bernard Cook , Zeus A Study in Ancient Religion I Cambridge Cambridge UP 1914 http phoenixandturtle.net excerptmill Cook2.htm on line excerpt citing P. Welzel, De Iove et Pane dis Arcadicis Bratislava 1879 p. 23 n. 5, on the strength of Xen. 1. 2. 10 at Peltai and Walter Immerwahr, Die Kulte und Mythen Arkadiens Leipzig 1891 pp. 20f. ref The epithet Lykaios wolf Zeus is assumed by Zeus only in connection with the Lykaia, which was the main Arcadian festival. Zeus had only a formal connection as patron of the ritual. In the founding myth , of Lycaon mythology Lycaon s ref He is related to the wolf even in his name, Lykaon. Burkert, 1983 86 . ref banquet for the gods that included the flesh of a human sacrifice , ref Pseudo Apollodorus. Bibliotheke , 3.98 3.99. ref perhaps one of his sons, Nyctimus ref According to Lycophron and others. ref or his grandson, Arcas , ref According to Catasterismi , following a lost reference of Hesiod . ref Zeus overturned the table and struck the house of Lyceus with a thunderbolt ref Some versions of the story of the Deluge mythology Deluge were initiated by this episode, e.g. Pseudo Apollodorus Bibliotheke 3.98 3.99 , Ovid Metamorphoses poem Metamorphoses , 1.240ff , Hyginus Fabulae Fabula , 176 . ref his patronage at the Lykaia can have been little more than a formula. ref A morphological connection to lyke brightness may be merely fortuitous, but see Cook 1914 63 69 Zeus L kaios Wolf god or Light god? ref Long afterward, in the late 3rd century CE, the philosophe ... more details
, Catasterismi translation in gutenberg no 348 name Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica .... Under Eratosthenes , it dismisses the surviving Catasterismi as pseudo Eratosthenic. See Frazer s Loeb ... more details
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