Carnot is the name of a celebrated France French family in politics and science with the following members Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 1753&ndash 1823 , mathematician and politician. Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot 1796&ndash 1832 , mathematician and eldest son of Lazare, one of the pioneers of thermodynamics . Hippolyte Carnot 1801&ndash 1888 , politician and second son of Lazare. Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot 1837&ndash 1894 , son of Hippolyte, President of France, 1887 1894. Marie Adolphe Carnot 1839&ndash 1920 , son of Hippolyte, mining engineer and chemist. A number of lyc e s , streets etc. are named after this family throughout France. People Carnot Posey , an American lawyer and Confederate States Army general Places Carnot, Central African Republic , a city in the Central African Republic Carnot Moon, Pennsylvania , USA Carnot, Wisconsin , USA It may also refer to Carnot heat engine , the idealised thermodynamic engine based on the Carnot cycle , as studied by Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot. Carnotite , a mineral Carnot crater , a crater on the far side of the moon. Carnot s rule , an early formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Carnot s theorem in geometry . Karnaugh map s in boolean logic, introduced by Maurice Karnaugh pronounced just like Carnot . disambig bg ca Carnot cs Carnot de Carnot es Carnot fr Carnot ko it Carnot he hu Carnot egy rtelm s t lap nl Carnot ja no Carnot pl Carnot pt Carnot ro Carnot ru sk Carnot fi Carnot sv Carnot uk zh ... more details
Sadi Carnot may refer to Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot 1796 1832 , French physicist Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot 1837 1894 , president of the third French Republic, and nephew of Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot hndis Carnot, Sadi bs Sadi Carnot cs Sadi Carnot de Sadi Carnot fr Sadi Carnot gl Sadi Carnot ko it Sadi Carnot pt Sadi Carnot sv Sadi Carnot th vi Sadi Carnot nh h ng ... more details
thermodynamics cTopic Processes and Cycles The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded by mile Clapeyron Benoit Paul mile Clapeyron ... a Carnot cycle is called a Carnot heat engine , although such a perfect engine is only a theoretical limit and cannot be built in practice. The Carnot cycle when acting as a heat engine consists ... of step 1. center Image CarnotCycle1.png 400px thumb centre Figure 1 A Carnot cycle acting ... axis is temperature, the horizontal axis is entropy. Image Carnot cycle p V diagram.svg 400px thumb centre Figure 2 A Carnot cycle acting as a heat engine, illustrated on a pressure volume diagram ... Carnot Cycle3.png 300px thumb right A generalized thermodynamic cycle taking place between a hot ... of a Carnot engine or refrigerator is best understood by using a temperature entropy diagram temperature .... Image Carnot Cycle2.png 300px thumb right A Carnot cycle taking place between a hot reservoir at temperature T sub H sub and a cold reservoir at temperature T sub C sub . The Carnot cycle Evaluation of the above integral is particularly simple for the Carnot cycle. The amount of energy transferred ... is usually the practical approximation. Carnot s theorem main Carnot s theorem thermodynamics It can ... T C math , none can exceed the efficiency of a Carnot cycle. Image Real vs Carnot.png 500px thumb right A real engine left compared to the Carnot cycle right . The entropy of a real material changes ... for example, due to friction prevent the ideal from taking place at every step. Carnot s theorem ... than a Carnot engine operating between those same reservoirs. Thus, Equation 3 gives the maximum efficiency possible for any engine using the corresponding temperatures. A corollary to Carnot s theorem ... function , the required dumping of heat into the environment to dispose of excess entropy leads to a reduction ... 2011 JPA 44 405001 . This relation transforms the Carnot s inequality into exact equality that is applied ... more details
Infobox Airport name Carnot Airport nativename image IATA CRF ICAO FEFC type Public owner Government operator city served location Carnot, Central African Republic Carnot , Central African Republic CAR elevation f 1,985 elevation m 605 coordinates coord 04 56 N 015 54 E type airport display inline,title website metric rwy y r1 number r1 length m 1,206 r1 length f 3,957 r1 surface Laterite stat year stat1 header stat1 data stat2 header stat2 data footnotes Carnot Airport airport codes CRF ref ASN CRF ref FEFC ref GCM FEFC ref is an airport in Carnot, Central African Republic Carnot Central African Republic . References reflist CentralAfricanRepublic airport stub Category Airports in the Central African Republic Category Airports in Central Africa pl Port lotniczy Carnot ... more details
For the similarly named theorem in thermodynamics Carnot s theorem thermodynamics Image Carnot theorem2.svg 345px right thumb math begin align & qquad DG DH DF & DG DH DF & R r end align math In Euclidean geometry , Carnot s theorem , named after Lazare Carnot 1753&ndash 1823 , is as follows. Let ABC be an arbitrary triangle . Then the sum of the signed distance s from the circumcenter D to the sides of triangle ABC is math DF DG DH R r, math where r is the inradius and R is the circumradius . Here the sign of the distances is taken negative if and only if the line segment DX X F , G , H lies completely outside the triangle. In the picture DF is negative and both DG and DH are positive. Carnot s theorem is used in a proof of the Japanese theorem for concyclic polygons . External links MathWorld title Carnot s theorem urlname CarnotsTheorem http www.cut the knot.org proofs carnot.shtml Carnot s Theorem at cut the knot http www.cut the knot.org pythagoras Carnot.shtml Yet another Carnot s Theorem with multiple applications at cut the knot http demonstrations.wolfram.com CarnotsTheorem Carnot s Theorem by Chris Boucher. The Wolfram Demonstrations Project . Category Triangle geometry Category Theorems in plane geometry ar ca Teorema de Carnot de Satz von Carnot es Teorema de Carnot eo Teoremo de Carnot fr Th or mes de Carnot ko nl Stelling van Carnot ja ru fi Carnot n lause uk zh ... more details
Infobox planet minorplanet yes width 25em bgcolour FFFFC0 apsis name Carnot symbol image caption discovery yes discovery ref discoverer E. W. Elst discovery site European Southern Observatory discovered April 8, 1991 designations yes mp name 12289 alt names 1991 GP7 named after Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot mp category orbit ref epoch May 14, 2008 aphelion 2.4408583 perihelion 2.0231727 semimajor eccentricity 0.0935669 period 1217.9914387 avg speed inclination 2.38938 asc node 328.38522 mean anomaly 195.50673 arg peri 81.04369 satellites physical characteristics yes dimensions mass density surface grav escape velocity sidereal day axial tilt pole ecliptic lat pole ecliptic lon albedo temperatures temp name1 mean temp 1 max temp 1 temp name2 max temp 2 spectral type abs magnitude 14.1 12289 Carnot 1991 GP7 is a Asteroid belt main belt asteroid discovered on April 8, 1991 by E. W. Elst at the European Southern Observatory . References Reflist External links http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 12289 Carnot JPL Small Body Database Browser on 12289 Carnot MinorPlanets Navigator 12288 Verdun 12290 1991 LZ MinorPlanets Footer DEFAULTSORT Carnot Category Main Belt asteroids Category Asteroids named for people Category Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1991 Beltasteroid stub fa it 12289 Carnot hu 12289 Carnot pl 12289 Carnot pt 12289 Carnot uk 12289 vi 12289 Carnot yo 12289 Carnot ... more details
lunar crater data latitude 52.3 N or S N longitude 143.5 E or W W diameter 126 km depth Unknown colong 146 eponym Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot Nicolas L. S. Carnot Carnot is a large crater in the northern part of the Moon s Far side Moon far side . It intrudes into the southern rim of the huge walled plain Birkhoff crater Birkhoff . To the west southwest of Carnot is the crater Paraskevopoulos crater Paraskevopoulos . The outer rim of Carnot has a somewhat hexagonal form, particularly in the southern half. The northern rim has an irregular inner wall, while the southern face is wiktionary terrace terrace d and has a sharper outer edge. There is some slumping along the rim edge to the southeast, producing outward bulges in the perimeter. The western inner wall is partly overlaid by three small, cup shaped craters. Within the rim, the crater floor is flat and level, at least in comparison to the rugged terrain around the exterior. Just to the southeast of the crater mid point is a central peak formation. The interior floor is marked by several small and numerous tiny craterlets. The most prominent of the craters on the floor is a small, shallow crater near the southern inner wall. Satellite craters By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid point that is closest to Carnot. class wikitable width 25 style background eeeeee Carnot width 25 style background eeeeee Latitude width 25 style background eeeeee Longitude width 25 style background eeeeee Diameter align center F align center 52.5 N align center 138.9 W align center 35 km References Lunar crater references Category Impact craters on the Moon da Carnot m nekrater fa it Carnot cratere ... more details
The Place Carnot is a square located in the Perrache quarter, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon . File Place carnot.jpg 200px right thumb Statue of the R publique Location The Place Carnot is at the end of the Presqu ile Lyon Presqu le , near the Perrache railway station. Bordered by the rue de Cond , it can be accessed by the Rue Victor Hugo Lyon rue Victor Hugo , through the rue Henri IV and rue Auguste Comte. To the south, it follows the Cours de Verdun and the exchange center of Perrache quarter Perrache . Traboule s help reach the zone of Cours Charlemagne, either through the lobby of the Perrache railway station, either through underneath. Traffic drives on the left to the north and in the opposite direction clockwise to move from the Cours Verdun R camier to the Cours Verdun Gensoul, i.e. from the Rh ne to the Sa ne . ref name Ref1 cite web title Place Carnot url http ruesdelyon.wysiup.net PageRubrique.php?ID 1002703&rubID 1002743 publisher Rues de Lyon language French accessdate 27 May 2009 ref History During the First French Empire First Empire , the square was named the Place des Victoires. It took the name Place Louis XVI under Charles X , and then Place Louis XVIII 1821 ... Perrache 1871 1889 . The name Place Carnot was officially assigned by the municipal council France municipal council on 18 February 1889, in honor of Lazare Carnot , a hero of the French Revolution ... to Carnot by his grandson, French President Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot Sadi Carnot . President Carnot was assassinated in Lyon by Italian anarchist Sante Caserio on 24 June 1894, when he came to inaugurate a statue in the rue de la R publique . File Sculpture de J Brunel Place Carnot Lyon.JPG 200px right thumb Sculpture by J. Brunel, 16 Place Carnot Description An statue, allegory of the Republic .... Portal Lyon References reflist Frenchtrans Place Carnot 2009 05 27 coord 45.750832 N 4.827799 ... Category Squares in Lyon Carnot fr Place Carnot Lyon ... more details
In mathematics, a Carnot group is a simply connected nilpotent Lie group , together with a derivation of its Lie algebra such that the subspace with eigenvalue 1 generates the Lie algebra. Carnot groups have a Carnot Carath odory metric . They were introduced by harvs txt last Parnu year1 1982 year2 1989 and harvs txt last Mitchell year 1985 . References Citation last1 Mitchell first1 John title On Carnot Carath odory metrics url http projecteuclid.org getRecord?id euclid.jdg 1214439462 mr 806700 year 1985 journal Journal of Differential Geometry issn 0022 040X volume 21 issue 1 pages 35 45 citation last1 Pansu first1 Pierre title G ometrie du groupe d Heisenberg series Thesis place Universite Paris VII year 1982 url http www.math.u psud.fr pansu pansu These 1982.html Citation last1 Pansu first1 Pierre title M triques de Carnot Carath odory et quasiisom tries des espaces sym triques de rang un doi 10.2307 1971484 mr 979599 year 1989 journal Annals of Mathematics Annals of Mathematics. Second Series issn 0003 486X volume 129 issue 1 pages 1 60 Category Lie groups ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 Infobox Officeholder name Lazare Carnot image Lazare carnot.jpg imagesize ... Napoleon I predecessor5 Fran ois Xavier Marc Antoine de Montesquiou F zensac successor5 Claude Carnot ... Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Comte Carnot 13 May 1753 2 August 1823 , the Organizer of Victory in the French ... life Born in Nolay, C te d Or Nolay , C te d Or, Carnot was educated in Burgundy region Burgundy ... of Engineering, where he had met and studied with Benjamin Franklin , ref name Paoli, Lazare Carnot 1996 Dino De Paoli, Lazare Carnot s Grand Strategy for Political Victory. Executive Intelligence ..., Carnot entered political life. He became a delegate to the Legislative Assembly France Legislation in 1791. While a member of the Legislative Assembly, Carnot was elected to the Committee for Public Instruction. Carnot believed all citizens should be educated and as a member of that committee ..., Carnot was then elected to the National Convention in 1792. He spent the last few months of 1792 ... possible attacks from Spain. Upon returning to Paris, Carnot voted for the death of List of French ... left 200px Lazare Carnot, a feverishly productive member of the Committee of Public Safety during ... to raise more troops for the war Carnot introduced conscription the lev e en masse approved by the National ... in September 1794. Once the problem of troop numbers had been solved Carnot turned his administrative ... open revolt 5 months earlier but the government of the time considered it a success, and Carnot ..., Carnot became one of the five initial directors. For the first year the Directors did well working ... to a schism between Carnot and tienne Fran ois Letourneur , followed by Fran ois Marie, marquis de ... side. Carnot and Barth lemy both supported concessions to end the war, and hoped to oust the triumvirate ... close collaborator of Carnot, Fran ois de Barth lemy, both of them, alongside many deputies in the Council ... by Generals Napoleon I of France Napoleon Bonaparte originally, Carnot s Mentoring prot g and Pierre ... more details
Image Lazare Hippolyte Carnot.gif thumb right Lazare Hippolyte Carnot Lazare Hippolyte Carnot October 6, 1801 March 16, 1888 was a France French statesman. Early life Lazare was the younger brother of the founder of thermodynamics Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot Sadi Carnot and second son of the revolutionary politician Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot , who also served in the government of Napoleon. He was born at Saint Omer , Pas de Calais . After the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, his father went into exile. Hippolyte Carnot lived at first in exile with his father, returning to France only in 1823. Unable to enter active political life, he turned to literature and philosophy , publishing in 1828 a collection of Chants hell niens translated from the German of Wilhelm M ller , and in 1830 an Expos de la doctrine Saint Simonienne , and collaborating in the Saint Simonian journal Le Producteur . He paid several visits to United Kingdom Britain and travelled in other countries of Europe. Overview In March 1839 after the dissolution of the chamber by Louis Philippe of France Louis Philippe , he was elected deputy for Paris re elected in 1842 and in 1846 , and sat in the group of the Radical ... of education in the provisional government, and Carnot set to work to organize the primary school ... the election of his elder son, Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot , to the presidency of the republic. He had ... 1848 , M moires sur Carnot par son fils 2 vols., 1861 1864 , M moires de Bar re de Vieuzac with David Angers , 4 vols 1842 1843 . His second son, Marie Adolphe Carnot b. 1830 , became a distinguished ... Empire 1894 et seq. . References 1911 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Carnot ... March 16, 1888 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Carnot, Hippolyte Category 1801 births Category 1888 ... bg ca Lazare Hippolyte Carnot es Lazare Hippolyte Carnot fr Lazare Hippolyte Carnot nl Hippolyte Carnot pl Lazare Hippolyte Carnot ru , sv Hippolyte Carnot ... more details
Infobox football biography image Image Replace this image male.svg 150px caption only free content images are allowed for depicting living people see WP NONFREE name St phane Carnot fullname birth date Birth date and age 1972 7 10 birth place Quimper, Finist re Quimper , France height height m 1.72 precision 0 currentclub clubnumber position Midfielder youthyears1 youthclubs1 years1 1992 1997 years2 1997 1998 years3 1998 2000 years4 2000 2005 years5 2005 2006 clubs1 En Avant Guingamp clubs2 AS Monaco FC clubs3 AJ Auxerre clubs4 En Avant Guingamp clubs5 L Entente SSG caps1 168 caps2 21 caps3 65 caps4 102 caps5 30 goals1 31 goals2 3 goals3 8 goals4 17 goals5 4 nationalyears1 nationalteam1 nationalcaps1 nationalgoals1 St phane Carnot born July 10, 1972 in Quimper, Finist re is a former France French Football soccer football player. References Lfpfr first St phane last Carnot http www.lequipe.fr Football FootballFicheJoueur2588.html Stats Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Carnot, Stephane ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1972 PLACE OF BIRTH Quimper, Finist re Quimper , France DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Carnot, Stephane Category 1972 births Category Living people Category People from Quimper Category French footballers Category EA Guingamp players Category AS Monaco FC players Category AJ Auxerre players Category Ligue 1 players Category L Entente SSG players Category Ligue 2 players france footy midfielder 1970s stub fr St phane Carnot ... more details
Refimprove date February 2011 The Lyc e Carnot is a Public school government funded public secondary school secondary and higher education school located at 145 Boulevard Malesherbes in the XVIIe arrondissement 17th arrondissement , Paris , France . A prestigious Parisian high school, it is also known By whom date February 2011 as one the best classe pr paratoire aux coles de commerce . Some of its former students have been among the most influential personalities in the country, including Jacques Chirac , the former French President, and Pascal Lamy , the current When date February 2011 president of the World Trade Organisation . Notable alumni seealso Category Lyc e Carnot alumni Thomas Bangalter and Guy Manuel de Homem Christo , musicians and members of Daft Punk . The two met at the lyc e. ref name DaftPunk cite web url http www.radiofrance.fr franceinter em electronlibre index.php?id 60730 title Electron libre 13 publisher radiofrance.fr language French date 2007 12 03 accessdate 2007 12 15 ref Maurice Bloch , anthropologist Jacques Chirac , former President of France ref cite news author Craig R. Whitney title Man in the News The Conservative Bulldozer Jacques Rene Chirac url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 990CE4DE1E3BF93BA35756C0A963958260 work The New York Times date 2007 12 15 accessdate 2007 12 15 ref Gilles Deleuze , French philosopher in the post structural tradition, friend and colleague of Michel Foucault . Guy M quet , French Communism Communist militant ref cite news author Charles Bremner title President Nicolas Sarkozy faces resistance over tribute to hostage shot by Nazis url http www.timesonline.co.uk tol news world europe article2718122.ece ... Fund References reflist External links fr icon http www.lyceecarnot paris.fr Lyc e Carnot Paris website coord 48 53 02 N 2 18 27 E display title region FR type edu DEFAULTSORT Lycee Carnot Category Lyc es in France Carnot France school stub fr Lyc e Carnot Paris ... more details
Infobox settlement name Carnot, Wisconsin official name settlement type Unincorporated area Unincorporated community , nickname motto Images image skyline imagesize image caption image flag image seal Maps pushpin map USA Wisconsin pushpin label position left the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption Location within the state of Wisconsin pushpin mapsize image map map caption Location within Door county Location subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name United States subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision name1 Wisconsin subdivision type2 List of counties in Wisconsin County subdivision name2 Door County, Wisconsin Door subdivision type3 City subdivision name3 Forestville town , Wisconsin Forestville government footnotes government type leader title Mayor leader name leader title1 leader name1 established title established date Area unit pref Imperial area footnotes area magnitude area total km2 area land km2 area water km2 Population population as of United States Census, 2000 2000 population footnotes population total population density km2 auto General information timezone Central Time Zone Americas Central CST utc offset 6 timezone DST CDT utc offset DST 5 elevation footnotes elevation ft coordinates display title coordinates type type city region US WI source GNIS enwiki latd 44 latm 42 lats 18 latNS N longd 87 longm 25 longs 07 longEW W Area postal codes & others postal code type ZIP code s postal code area code blank name Federal Information Processing Standard FIPS code blank info blank1 name Geographic Names Information System GNIS feature ID blank1 info 1562724 ref name gnis website footnotes Carnot is an unincorporated area unincorporated community located, in the town of Forestville town , Wisconsin Forestville , in southern Door County, Wisconsin Door County , Wisconsin . ref name gnis cite gnis id 1562724 name Carnot accessdate 2009 07 05 ref The community ... more details
Infobox military person name Carnot Posey birth date birth date 1818 8 5 death date death date and age 1863 11 13 1818 8 5 birth place Wilkinson County, Mississippi death place Charlottesville, Virginia placeofburial University Cemetery br Charlottesville, Virginia placeofburial label Place of burial image File CPosey.jpg 200px caption nickname allegiance United States United States of America br Confederate States of America branch United States Army br Confederate States Army serviceyears 1846&ndash 48 USA br 1861&ndash 63 CSA rank Brigadier General CSA Brigadier General commands unit battles Mexican American War br American Civil War awards laterwork Carnot Posey August 5, 1818 &ndash November 13, 1863 was a Mississippi planter and lawyer, and a Confederate States Army Confederate general in the American Civil War . He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Bristoe Station , dying from infection . Early life and family Posey was born near Woodville, Mississippi , the fourth of eight children of planter John Brooke Posey and Elizabeth Screven Posey. He attended the common schools and then graduated from college in Jackson, Mississippi , before studying law at the University of Virginia . He returned to his family s plantation and later established a law practice in Woodville. He married Mary Collins in May 1840 and they had two sons. However, Mary Posey died four years later. When the Mexican American War erupted, Posey was commissioned a first lieutenant United States first lieutenant in the 1st Mississippi Rifles, a volunteer regiment commanded by future President of the Confederate ... The Carnot Posey Lodge 378 of the Freemasonry Masons was founded in 1875 and named in his memory ... Press, 1959. ISBN 0 8071 0823 5. Jeffry D. Wert Wert, Jeffry D. Carnot Posey. In The Confederate ..., Carnot ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Confederate States of America Confederate Confederate ..., Carnot Category 1818 births Category 1863 deaths Category People from Wilkinson County, Mississippi ... more details
wiktionary functionFunction may refer to Diatonic function , a term in music theory Function biology , explaining why a feature survived selection Function computer science , or subroutine, a portion of code within a larger program, performs a specific task Function engineering , related to the selected property of a system Function language , in linguistics, a way of achieving an aim using language Function mathematics , an abstract entity that associates an input to a corresponding output according to some rule Function model , a structured representation of the functions, activities or processes Function object , or functor or functionoid, a concept of object oriented programming Function Drinks , a beverage company based in Redondo Beach, California. A formal event such as a party or meeting See also Function hall Functional disambiguation Functionality in polymer chemistry see Structural unit Functionalism disambiguation Functor disambiguation bs Funkcija vor bg ca Funci desambiguaci cs Funkce da Funktion de Funktion et Funktsioon es Funci n eo Funkcio eu Funtzio argipena fr Fonction ko id Fungsi it Funzione lt Funkcija lmo Funziun nl Functie ja no Funksjon pl Funkcja ujednoznacznienie pt Fun o desambigua o ro Func ie dezambiguizare ru simple Function sk Funkcia sl Funkcija razlo itev sr sh Funkcija razvrstavanje sv Funktion olika betydelser th uk zh ... more details
In mathematics, S function may refer to sigmoid function Schur polynomials In physics, it may refer to Action physics action functional mathdab Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Image VEST Core4 LowLevel.png thumbnail 320px right VEST 4 T function followed by a transposition layer In cryptography , a T function is a bijection bijective mapping that updates every bit of the state computer science state in a way that can be described as math x i x i f x 0, cdots, x i 1 math , or in simple words an update function in which each bit of the state is updated by a linear combination of the same bit and a function of a subset of its less significant bits. If every single less significant bit is included in the update of every bit in the state, such a T function is called triangular . Thanks to their bijectivity no collisions, therefore no entropy loss regardless of the used Boolean function s and regardless of the selection of inputs as long as they all come from one side of the output bit , T functions are now widely used in cryptography to construct block cipher s, stream cipher s, PRNG s and cryptographic hash function hash functions . T functions were first proposed in 2002 by Alexander Klimov A. Klimov and Adi Shamir A. Shamir in their paper A New Class of Invertible Mappings . Ciphers such as TSC 1 , TSC 3 , TSC 4 , ABC stream cipher ABC , Mir 1 and VEST are built with different types of T functions. Because arithmetic operation s such as addition , subtraction and multiplication are also T functions triangular T functions , software efficient word based T functions can be constructed by combining bitwise logic with arithmetic operations. Another important property of T functions based on arithmetic operations is predictability of their period mathematics period , which is highly attractive to cryptographers. Although triangular T functions are naturally vulnerable to guess and determine attacks, well chosen bitwise transposition mathematics transposition ... bit. Subsequent transposition of the output bits and iteration of the T function also do not affect ... and losing the T function bias of depending only on the less significant bits of the state. References ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 File Carnot engine 1824.png 175px thumb right Axis of rotation Axial Cross section geometry cross section of Carnot s heat engine. In this diagram, abcd is a cylindrical vessel ... in contact with either body or removed from both as it is here . ref Figure 1 in Carnot 1824, p. 17 and Carnot 1890, p. 63 . In the diagram, the diameter of the vessel is large enough to bridge the space .... ref A Carnot heat engine ref In French, Carnot uses machine feu , which Thurston translates as heat engine or steam engine . In a footnote, Carnot distinguishes the steam engine machine vapeur from the heat engine in general. Carnot, 1824, p. 5 and Carnot, 1890, p. 43 ref is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle . The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Beno t ... engine. In the adjacent diagram, from Carnot s 1824 work, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire ... and the second the refrigerator. ref English translation by Thurston Carnot, 1890, p. 51 52 . ref Carnot then explains how we can obtain motive power , i.e. work , by carrying a certain quantity of heat from body A to body B . Modern diagram File Carnot heat engine 2.svg 300px thumb right Carnot .... The previous image shows the original piston and cylinder diagram used by Carnot in discussing his ideal engine. The figure at right shows a block diagram of a generic heat engine, such as the Carnot ... fluid or vapor body through which heat Q can be introduced or transmitted to produce work. Carnot ... to turn a pulley so to lift water out of flooded salt mines. Carnot defined work as weight lifted ... Carnot s theorem main Carnot s theorem thermodynamics File Real vs Carnot.png 500px thumb right A real engine left compared to the Carnot cycle right . The entropy of a real material changes with temperature ... and losses of heat for example, due to friction prevent the ideal from taking place at every step. Carnot ... more details
For the 1887 1894 president of France and nephew of Nicolas L onard Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot Infobox scientist name Sadi Carnot image Sadi Carnot.jpeg image size 300px caption Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot ... Poisson br Andr Marie Amp re br Fran ois Arago doctoral students notable students known for Carnot cycle br Exergy efficiency Carnot efficiency br Carnot s theorem thermodynamics Carnot theorem br Carnot ... He was the brother of Hippolyte Carnot , his father was the mathematician Lazare Carnot , and his nephews were Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot and Marie Adolphe Carnot . Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot 1 ... as the Carnot cycle , thereby laying the foundations of the second law of thermodynamics . He is often ... Carnot efficiency , Carnot s theorem thermodynamics Carnot theorem , Carnot heat engine , and others. Life Born in Paris , Sadi Carnot was the first son of the eminent French Revolutionary Army military leader and geometer , Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot , elder brother of Hippolyte Carnot , and uncle of Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot President of the French Republic 1887 1894 , son of Hippolyte Carnot . His father named him after the Persian poet Saadi poet Sadi of Shiraz Harv Carnot 1960 ... on the Motive Power of Fire Background The historical context in which Carnot worked was that there had ... Carnot was familiar and which he described in some detail in his book. Harv Carnot 1960 p 56 Amazing ... when out of Thermodynamic equilibrium equilibrium . Engineer s in Carnot s time had tried various ... of fuel such as a lump of coal was burnt was a mere 3 . The Carnot cycle main Carnot heat engine Carnot cycle Carnot sought to answer two questions about the operation of heat engines Is the work ... important contribution Carnot made to thermodynamics was his abstraction of the essential features ... that the efficiency of this idealized engine is a function only of the two temperatures of the reservoirs between which it operates. He did not, however, give the exact form of the function, which ... more details
thermodynamics cTopic Thermodynamic equations Equations Carnot s theorem , developed in 1824, also called Carnot s rule is a principle that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency any heat engine can .... Carnot s theorem states All irreversible heat engines between two heat reservoirs are less efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs. All reversible heat engines between two heat reservoirs are equally efficient with a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs. The formula for this maximum efficiency is math eta text max eta text Carnot 1 frac T C T H math where ... to the heat drawn out of the hot reservoir. Based on modern thermodynamics, Carnot s theorem ... author John Murrell accessdate October 5,2010 ref Image Proving Carnot Theorem.svg 300px thumb Proving Carnot s Theorem Proof The theorem may be proved in the following way for the cases of the irreversible ... staff sites hrp Literature articles CarnotTheorem.pdf title Lecture 10 Carnot theorem date Feb 7,2005 ... math . It is combined with a reversed Carnot engine that has efficiency math eta prime math as shown ... leqslant eta prime math . The said engine is reversed and combined with a regular Carnot engine . In a similar ... and T sub 2 sub must have the same efficiency, meaning, the efficiency is the function of the temperatures ... then the function f , viewed as a function of thermodynamic temperature, is math f T 2,T 3 frac T 3 ... are at the same temperature math T T H T C math , they are clearly not limited by Carnot s theorem, which states that no power can be generated when math T H T C math . This is because Carnot ...&sig AHIEtbROSMlotD3mw6tegO0 v uhvVwI2g title Fuel Cell versus Carnot Efficiency accessdate ... 17183054 title Fuel cell efficiency redefined Carnot limit reassessed accessdate Feb 20, 2011 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Carnot s Theorem Thermodynamics Category Thermodynamics Category Physics theorems ar ca Teorema de Carnot en termodin mica it Teorema di Carnot termodinamica ... more details
For the French physicist and uncle of Marie Fran ois Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot Use dmy dates date October 2011 refimprove date June 2011 Infobox President name Sadi Carnot order President of the French ... df y death place Lyon , Rh ne spouse party Republican Left vicepresident Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot ... in 1894. Early life He was the son of the statesman Hippolyte Carnot and was born in Limoges , Haute Vienne. His third given name Sadi was in honour of his uncle Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot a physicist who excelled in thermodynamics, who was always known as Sadi Carnot. Like his uncle, he too came to be known as Sadi Carnot. He was educated as a civil engineer , and was a highly distinguished ... until December 1886. Image Sadi Carnot Th obald Chartran.jpg thumb left Portrait by Th obald Chartran Presidency File Petit Journal Carnot assassination 1894.jpg thumb left Depiction of Carnot ... Third Republic Daniel Wilson scandals occasioned the downfall of Jules Gr vy in December 1887, Carnot ... Boulanger . President Carnot s ostensible part during this agitation was confined to augmenting his ... and the republic. When early in 1889, Boulanger was finally driven into exile, it fell to Carnot to appear ..., and the beginnings of anti Semitism , Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the Panama ... Russian Alliance , and received the Order of St Andrew from Alexander III. Image Sadi carnot from 1894 newspaper.jpg right thumb 200px Sadi Carnot from an 1894 newspaper. Carnot was reaching the zenith ... anarchist named Sante Geronimo Caserio . Carnot died shortly after midnight on 25 June. The stabbing ... references 1911 External links Structurae person id d001266 name Sadi Carnot http www.findagrave.com cgi bin fg.cgi?page gr&GRid 7507 Carnot s Gravesite http www.minefe.gouv.fr directions services cedef histomin ministres fiche013.html Carnot biography start box s off succession box title List of Presidents ... . NAME Carnot, Marie Francois Sadi ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 11 August 1837 ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 Image MACarnot.jpg thumb right 200px Marie Adolphe Carnot. Marie Adolphe Carnot 27 January 1839 &ndash 20 June 1920 was a French chemist , mining engineer and politician . He came from a distinguished family his father, Hippolyte Carnot , and brother, Marie Fran ois Sadi Carnot , were politicians , the latter becoming President of France President of the third French Republic . He was born in Paris and graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1860, going on to join the Ecole des Mines , where he became professor in 1868, following a spell as an engineer around Limoges . By 1881 he was Chief Engineer of Mines, and by 1894 Inspector General of Mines, becoming dean education Dean of the Ecole Nationale des Mines in 1901, a post he held until 1907. Aside from administrative work and teaching and training many engineers, he also wrote a treatise on the chemical analysis of minerals Trait d analyse des substances min rales , published 1898 and pursued research, in 1899 discovering the eponymous uranium ore carnotite . He was honoured with membership of the Academy of Agriculture and Academy of Sciences, and was made l gion d honneur Commander of the L gion d honneur . He simultaneously pursued a politics political career . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Carnot, Marie Adolphe ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 27 January 1839 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 20 June 1920 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Carnot, Marie Adolphe Category 1839 births Category 1920 deaths Category People from Paris Category French engineers Category Mining engineers Category French chemists Category Politicians of the French Third Republic ca Marie Adolphe Carnot de Marie Adolphe Carnot fr Marie Adolphe Carnot ja pt Marie Adolphe Carnot sv Marie Adolphe Carnot ... more details
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