Unreferenced date December 2009 The term Canopy is used by Parachuting skydivers or parachutists to describe the actual parachute itself, as opposed to the parachute system as a whole. Where the general public would refer to a parachute as a whole unit, actual users would call it a parachute system or rig as each system can be a combination of a different main canopies, reserve canopies, and container systems depending on the intended use. Canopies are in general sold by manufacturers with their own specific line set as line lengths Trim and line type are an important aspect of the performance of each canopy design. For more information on types see Parachute and Parafoil . DEFAULTSORT Canopy Parachute Category Parachuting ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 File StmartinMM.JPG thumb A canopied tower at St Martin s Church, Memmingen Image 2007PolskaNMP.jpg thumb A canopy from Krak w , Poland . A canopy is an overhead roof or else a structure over which a fabric or metal covering is attached, able to provide shade or wikt shelter shelter . A canopy can also be a tent , generally without a floor . The word comes from the Ancient Greek cover to keep insects off , from cone face , which is a bahuvrihi compound meaning mosquito . The first o changing into a may be due to influence from the place name Canopus, Egypt thought of as a place of luxuries. Architectural canopies include projections giving protection from the weather, or merely decoration. Such canopies are supported by the building to which they are attached and often also by a ground mounting provided by not less than two stanchion s, or upright support posts. Canopies ref http fireforless.com fireforless.com ref can also stand alone, such as a fabric covered gazebo or Cabana structure cabana . Fabric canopies can meet various design needs. Many modern fabrics are long lasting, bright, easily cleaned, strong and flame retardant. Modern frame materials offer high strength to weight ratios and corrosion resistance. The proper combination of these properties can result in safe, strong, economical and attractive products. See also Awning Chuppah Dome Onion dome Pop up canopies References Reflist Commons category Canopies Category Roofs element arch stub de Haube Architektur th ... more details
Dablink This article is for aircraft bubble canopies. For vehicle bubble canopies, see Vehicle canopy . For other canopies, see Canopy disambiguation Canopy . Unreferenced date February 2007 Image Krzesiny 4RB.JPG thumb right Closeup of the front view of an F 16 Fighting Falcon showing the bubble canopy A bubble canopy is a Aircraft canopy canopy made like a soap bubble , which attempts to provide 360 vision to the pilot. History Bubble canopies have been in use since World War II . The British had already developed the Malcolm hood , which was a bulged canopy, but the British Miles M.20 was one of the first aircraft designs to feature a true bubble canopy. Although it never went into production the concept of the bubble canopy was utilised on other British aircraft, such as the Hawker Typhoon and Hawker Tempest Tempest . It was also fitted to the P 51 Mustang and P 47 Thunderbolt amongst others. ref http aerofiles.com malcolm hood.html ref Purpose The purpose of a bubble canopy is to give a pilot a much wider field of view than flush canopies, such as those seen on P 47s and early models of the P 51, which left a conspicuous blind spot behind the pilot that enemy pilots could take advantage of to sneak up on an aircraft. Bubble canopy increases the pilot s field of view at the expense of rear armor of the cockpit, making the pilot more susceptible to enemy gun fire from the rear. This is less of a concern in modern jet fighters as most aerial combats are settled with air to air missiles from long distances, and nearly all have some kind of radar to catch those sneaking up from behind. Examples gallery Image F 86f 527fbs Ramstein.jpeg F 86 Sabre in flight Image Soviet MiG 29 DF ST 99 04977.JPG MiG 29 on the ground with canopy open Image Su 27UB cockpit.jpg Closeup of a Su 27 cockpit with Infra red search and track IRST system Image Miles M.20.jpg Miles M.20 showing the bubble canopy gallery References reflist DEFAULTSORT Bubble Canopy Category Aircraft canopies es Cabina ... more details
unreferenced date September 2010 Image IBM MF25.jpg frame Pop Up Canopies Instant Pop up canopies are portable shelters that collapse down to a size that is portable. Typically, canopies of this type come in sizes from 5 x5 to 10 x20 . Most pop up canopies come in two pieces, the canopy frame and the canopy top. The canopy frame is constructed of either steel or aluminium . Steel framed canopies are heavier and typically cost less than the superior aluminium frames. Recently, stainless steel has been used because it is lighter than steel and stronger than aluminium Tops for most canopies are made from an Oxford polyester blend of fabric. This fabric is rated in Units of textile measurement Denier denier . A denier rating of 500 is acceptable and a rating above 500 will only increase weight and give no value to the fabric itself. Tops are also fire retardant and water resistant. Due to seams sewn into the top they will never be water proof . Most companies offer a wide variety of colors for their tops. General colors are blue, green, red, white and yellow. Special colors include black, gold and purple. The first pop up canopy was invented by Jim Lynch in 1983 and was made with chrome plated steel legs and nut and bolt fittings. Jim went on to start KD Kanopy in 1984, owning over 38 patents on the pop up style canopy, Jim decided to produce only a heavy duty commercial grade canopy and licensed out some of the patents to other companies to make a retail unit. KD Kanopy also invented the single pole tension units and introduced the revolutionary StarShade canopies to the market. Uses Pop up canopies have become very popular for outdoor events and trade shows. Some commercial ... canopies that are water proof. Similarly fireproof instant canopies are also available. Both ... or pop up canopy is usually made of steel or aluminum. This is the toughest of the instant canopies ... KD Kanopy http free standing awning.com Free Standing Awnings & Canopies Category Portable ... more details
The canopy clustering algorithm is an unsupervised pre Data clustering clustering algorithm, often used as preprocessing step for the K means algorithm or the Hierarchical clustering algorithm. It is intended to speed up Computer cluster clustering operations on large data set s, where using another algorithm directly may be impractical due to the size of the data set. The algorithm proceeds as follows Cheaply partitioning the data into overlapping subsets called canopies Perform more expensive clustering, but only within these canopies Since the algorithm uses distance functions and requires the specification of distance tresholds, it s applicability for high dimensional data is limited by the curse of dimensionality . Only when a cheap and approximative low dimensional distance function is available, the produced canopies will preserve the clusters produced by K means. Benefits The number of instances of training data that must be compared at each step is reduced There is some evidence that the resulting clusters are improved ref https cwiki.apache.org confluence display MAHOUT Canopy Clustering Mahout description of Canopy Clustering Retrieved 2011 04 02. ref References Reflist External link http www.kamalnigam.com papers canopy kdd00.pdf McCallum, Nigam and Ungar Efficient Clustering of High Dimensional Data Sets with Application to Reference Matching Category Data clustering algorithms Category Statistical algorithms algorithm stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 cleanup date September 2011 A smoke canopy is a device hung over a fire to gather the smoke and vent it through a wall or roof. File Decameron 1432 cooking on spit.jpg thumb upright left Fowl roasting on a spit. Smoke from the fire rises to the smoke canopy, and is vented through the wall or ceiling Decameron The Decameron , Flanders , 1432. Fireplace s were not used during much of the Middle Ages, because there were no chimney s, which were not invented until the 12th century. Most fires for heating were placed on hearths in the middles of rooms, and the smoke was allowed to rise to vents in the roof or high in walls. Smoke canopies provided an alternative, gathering the smoke above a fire and venting, usually through a wall. Most of the pictures we have of medieval smoke canopies show them being used in kitchens. They usually appeared over hearths that were placed against stone walls. Some were over free standing hearths, but this required special venting of the smoke. References http www.oldandinteresting.com hanging chimneys.aspx Hanging Chimneys and Smoke Canopies Category Domestic heating ... more details
Summary Tin Wing Light Rail Stop orange canopies , Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong. Photographer was on a footbridge over Tin Shing Road near Tin Wah Road, looking south. Taken by User ivangrant ivangrant on 29 October 2006. Licensing PD self date October 2006 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Summary Information Description Wild blueberries in Nova Scotia are not cultivated . Their natural required growing conditions are encouraged when canopies are removed maximizing sunlight exposure. Source self made Date August 2006 Location Nova Scotia, Canada Author User Madereugeneandrew Madereugeneandrew User talk Madereugeneandrew talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Rk Summary Non free use rationale Article a ar Qim Description Aerial view of the temple Source http www.odysseyadventures.ca articles malta temples hagarqim aerial.jpg Portion Low resolution Purpose educational Replaceability Impossible, canopies with a 25 to 30 year lifetime have been erected to slow the deterioration of the temple other information excellent prospect over this unique site, of global archeological and cultural importance Licensing Non free historic image ... more details
Summary Information Description Canopies leading to Bab as Salam in Masjed al Nabawi, Medina Source I User Swerveut Swerveut User talk Swerveut talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 21 26, 31 August 2010 UTC Author User Swerveut Swerveut User talk Swerveut talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
unit ground area, is a key measure used to understand and compare plant canopies. Image Monkey Ladder ... understory layer. Forest canopies are home to unique flora and fauna not found in other layers ... Lowman, M.D. and M.W. Moffett. 1993. The ecology of tropical rain forest canopies. Trees 8 104 ... canopies http canopy.evergreen.edu bcd Canopy Database http academic.evergreen.edu projects ican .... Forest Canopies Second edition . Academic Press. ISBN 0 12 457553 6, ISBN 978 0 12 457553 0 Moffett ..., Cambridge, MA. Russell, G., B. Marshall, and P.G. Jarvis editors . 1990. Plant Canopies Their Growth ... more details
the shattered canopy. Construction Most modern acrylic canopies are vacuum forming vacuum formed . A sheet ... to an aluminum or composite frame. Some one off canopies are made in a similar fashion, but since a mold ... canopy is unique. If multiple canopies will be needed, a mold is almost always used. Gallery gallery ... http aircraftcomponent.net Aircraft components Aviation lists Category Aircraft canopies fa ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Aquarium furniture refers to the various ornaments and functional items in an aquarium . Ornamental aquarium furniture is often kitsch popular examples include ceramic mermaid s, sunken ship s and castle s, and the ever popular but curiously misplaced No Fishing Information sign sign . Another strange piece of decor is the ubiquitous plastic corals found often in freshwater tanks. Examples of functional aquarium furniture would include devices for removing alga e from the glass either a razor or a scouring pad, attached to the glass by a magnet , airstone s, filter water water filter s, water heaters, and food dispensers. Aquarium furniture may also refer to an item of regular furniture that features an aquarium in its design. A stand or Cabinet furniture cabinet that supports the aquarium may be considered aquarium furniture. Also, many home reef aquariums canopies containing metal halide lights. The canopies are often constructed to the same standards as high quality cabinetry See also Live rock coral Reef tank DEFAULTSORT Aquarium Furniture Category Aquaria Category Furniture Fishkeeping stub ... more details
two other uses vehicle canopies aircraft canopies Aircraft canopy other canopies Canopy disambiguation Canopy Image 3 4Nose.jpg thumb 250px Lifting canopy on a Automotive Design and Development Sterling Nova . A vehicle canopy is a rarely used type of door for cars. It has no official name so it is also known as an articulated canopy , bubble canopy , ref name bubblecanopy http concept x.blogspot.com feeds posts default , Concept X calls it a bubble canopy . ref cockpit canopy , ref name cockpitcanopy http www.autoblog.com 2006 02 28 video and live shots saab aero x concept , Autoblog calls it a cockpit canopy . ref canopy door , ref name canopydoor http images.forbesautos.com videos popups 2006 saab aero.html , Forbes Autos calls is a canopy door . ref or simply a canopy . ref name canopy http www.autoexpress.co.uk carreviews firstdrives 65985 saab aero x.html , Auto Express calls it a canopy . ref A canopy is a type of door which sits on top of a car and lifts up in some way, to provide access for passengers. It is similar to an aircraft canopy . There are no set rules to canopies, so they can be hinged at the front, side, or back, although hinging at the front is most common. Canopy doors are rarely used on production car s, and are sometimes used on concept car s. Advantages Normal ... opened. This is not an issue with canopies as they open vertically. Pillar car A pillars aren t necessary ... without getting the interior wet, unless under cover. Cars that use canopies This is not a full list of cars that use canopies, but just a few examples. Messerschmitts Image Messerschmitt KR175 ... solution that they had experience in. Unlike most canopies, the Messerschmitt canopies are hinged ... opens the wrong way. For that reason, after this, canopies were usually hinged at the front ... Messerschmitt s side hinged canopies. These were usually transparent acrylic Plexiglas or Perspex ... films make use of the canopy door. Custom Cars Bubble canopies are popular on some custom car s, most ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A shade tree is any tree grown specifically for its shade. This term usually applies to large trees with spreading canopy forest canopies . Shade trees are effective in reducing the energy used in cooling homes. Some of the most popular shade trees are oak s, maple s, ash tree ashes , Tilia lindens , and elm s. Things to look for when choosing a shade tree include deciduousness, coverage, longevity, and the ability of the roots to damage foundations. Shade trees can enhance the privacy of a garden by obstructing the view. A disadvantage is that in cool climates, an abundance of shade trees may lead to a dank environment in any nearby buildings or gardens. Shade trees must not be planted near chimneys as flying fire sparks can ignite tree branches causing rapidly expanding fires. DEFAULTSORT Shade Tree Category Trees Forestry stub Tree stub ja tl Talisay ... more details
C. pygmaea may refer to Caragana pygmaea , a flowering plant species Cattleya pygmaea , the small orange sophronitis, an orchid species in the genus Cattleya found in Brazil and Esp rito Santo Cebuella pygmaea , the Pygmy marmoset or dwarf monkey, a New World monkey species native to the rainforest canopies of western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and northern Bolivia Coenosia pygmaea , a fly species in the genus Coenosia Compsaditha pygmaea , a pseudoscorpion species in the genus Compsaditha found in the Philippines Crematogaster pygmaea , an ant species in the genus Crematogaster also Cupressus pygmaea , an uncorrect spelling for Cupressus pigmaea , the Mendocino cypress, a taxon of disputed status endemic to certain coastal terraces and coastal mountain ranges of Mendocino and Sonoma Counties in northwestern California See also Pygmaea Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
Summary Source http www.theatrestrust.org.uk resources images show 124 streetscape showing oxford music hall london circa 1918 1918 postcard of Oxford Music Hall , London. Colour tinted postcard showing the fa ade of Oxford Music Hall on Oxford Street in London. The theatre dominates the left hand side of the postcard. Three arched doorways are flanked by two larger entrances with short, decorated, iron canopies covering each. THE OXFORD can be seen on the nearest side of the nearest canopy. Columns support a first floor balcony, set into the building and forming the centrepiece of the fa ade. Two corner towers crown the theatre, with THE OXFORD written in lights in between them. http www.theatrestrust.org.uk resources images show 124 streetscape showing oxford music hall london circa 1918 Licensing PD US ... more details
Portland was a railway station on the Portland Branch Railway in the west of the England English county of Dorset . Opened with the Weymouth and Portland railway, one of the constituent parts of a complex line, on 1 September 1902, the station was moved to a new site on the opening of the extension to Easton. ref cite web url http www.portlandbill.co.uk railways1.htm title Portland Railways work Portlandbill.co.uk year 2006 ref After this the old station was used as a goods station and depot. The extension was technically a separate railway, the Easton and Church Hope, although the branch was operated as one line throughout. The second Portland station had multiple platforms with canopies for the large staff of the Admiralty establishments around it. The station closed to passengers in 1951, although regular freight kept the line in use until 1965. The platforms and canopies survived until the mid 1970s when the site was absorbed by the base and demolished. References reflist Further reading cite book author R.V.J.Butt title The Directory of Railway Stations publisher Patrick Stephens Ltd year 1995 id ISBN 1 85260 508 1 cite book author J.H. Lucking title Railways of Dorset publisher Railway Correspondence and Travel Society year 1968 http www.npemap.org.uk tiles map.html 366,74,1 Station on navigable O.S. map Disused Rail Start rail line previous Wyke Regis railway station Wyke Regis Halt br small Line and station closed small next Easton Portland railway station Easton Portland br small Line and station closed small route Great Western Railway GWR and LSWR br small Portland Branch Railway small br col 000080 end box coord 50.5647 N 2.4508 W display title type railwaystation region GB Category Disused railway stations in Dorset Category Railway stations opened in 1902 Category Railway stations closed in 1951 SouthWestEngland railstation stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A trophic egg is an egg biology egg which is not laid for reproduction but for nutrition , often for offspring hatched from regular egg biology eggs . Trophic eggs are usually unfertilised. Numerous groups of animal s use trophic eggs. Several species of frogs which live in the Canopy forest canopies of tropical rainforest s lay their egg biology eggs in the water that collects inside Bromeliaceae plants. Usually each tiny reservoir receives one fertilised egg biology egg and one or more trophic eggs to feed the emerging tadpole . Trophic eggs users also include several species of ant s, such as the Leafcutter ant leafcutter Atta sexdens , and some spider s. Some sharks such as the Lamniformes mackerel sharks feed on infertile eggs before birth. This practice is referred to as intrauterine oophagy , and such eggs could be seen as trophic. Also consult Cannibalism zoology intrauterine cannibalism . DEFAULTSORT Trophic Egg Category Oology Ecology stub ... more details
Makroclear is a brand of solid polycarbonate plastic sheet ranging from 0.75 to 15 mm thickness. Polycarbonate is seen as the toughest transparent material. It is extruded by Arla Plast AB in Borensberg , Sweden , who were the first in Europe to coextrusion coextrude a thin layer of highly UV stabilised polycarbonate onto polycarbonate sheet to enhance weathering resistance, by reducing the ageing effects such as yellowing, loss of light transmission, loss of impact resistance and loss of gloss. This UV protected product is marketed as Makrolife since 1989. Applications These sheet as such, or in fabricated and or thermoformed form are also used in Racing cars to replace heavier fragile glass windshield s and windows Greenhouse s Radio controlled car bodies aerospace industry for aircraft canopy canopies , windscreen s and other windows Motorcycle goggles Hockey rink glazing Riot shield s and the visors of Riot helmet s Visor in fencing masks, and in many industrial safety shields and masks Machine glazing dome lights , flat and cold curved glazings Sound walls noise screens along highways and railroads Advertisement and signage Pallets Automotive interior parts Bullet resistant glazing External links http www.arlaplast.com Arla Plast AB Category Brand name materials Category Plastic brands material stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Astrodome On Warwick.jpg 250px right thumb The astrodome arrowed on a Vickers Warwick Warwick B ASR Mk 1 An astrodome is a hemispherical Transparency optics transparent dome fitted in the cabin roof of an aircraft to allow the use of a sextant during Celestial navigation astro navigation . Prior to the introduction of Radio navigation electronic means of navigation the only way to fix an aircraft s position at night was by taking star sights using a sextant in the same manner as that used by marine navigators for hundreds of years on board ships . To do this requires a 360 Degree angle degree view of the horizon and the astrodome was devised to allow an uninterrupted view of the sky from horizon to horizon. Astrodomes were prominent on Royal Air Force multi engined aircraft of the Second World War , and on aircraft ordered by them, such as the B 24 Liberator Liberator and C 47 Skytrain Dakota , as a considerable part of their Military operation operation s and other flying were carried out at night. DEFAULTSORT Astrodome Aviation Category Aircraft navigation Category Aircraft canopies Aviation stub fr Astrod me ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Qiniella regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo fly Diptera subordo Nematocera infraordo Culicomorpha superfamilia Chironomoidea familia Chironomidae subfamilia Orthocladiinae genus Qiniella genus authority Xinhua Wang Wang & Ole A. S ther S ther , 1998 Qiniella is a genus of non biting midge s in the fly diptera family biology subfamily Orthocladiinae of the family biology family Chironomidae . The genus Qiniella was first described by Xinhua Wang & Ole A. S ther in 1998 for a single species, Qiniella lii Q. lii , recorded from China . Posteriorly, Mendes and Andersen described two additional species, Qiniella copa Q. copa and Qiniella thai Q. thai , from Malaysia and Thailand respectively. Only the male adults are known, but Q. copa was collected high in the tree canopies in Malaysia, suggesting that this genus has terrestrial immature forms. References Mendes, H. F. & Andersen, T. 2002. Two new species of Qiniella Wang & S ther Diptera Chironomidae from Southeast Asia. Tidsch. Entomol. 145 89 93. Wang, X. & S ther, O. A. 1998. Qiniella, a new orthoclad genus from China Diptera Chironomidae . Hydrobiologia 362 103 106. Category Chironomidae Chironomidae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Bare backed Fruit Bat image image width 250px image caption Bare backed Fruit bat regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Chiroptera familia Pteropodidae familia authority genus Dobsonia species D. moluccense binomial Dobsonia moluccense binomial authority Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 range map D. magna.gif thumb Distribution of S.australis.gif range map caption Australian distribution The Bare backed Fruit Bat Dobsonia moluccense is a fruit bat in the family Pteropodidae . D. moluccense magna is distinctive as its wings join along the centre of its back rather than its sides giving this bat a hairless back. This bat is also unique as it roosts in caves rather than in tree canopies. This species has a mean forearm length of 149 mm, and a mean weight of 374 grams . It is one of 8 Pteropodidaes in Australia. References HERGE 2005, Bats, The Henipavirus Ecology Collaborative Research Group, accessed 7 September 2006 from http www.henipavirus.org virus and host info virus and host info.htm Category Bats of Australia Category Mammals of Queensland Category Dobsonia fruit bat stub sortby Bare backed Fruit bat ... more details
A Canopy express is a light duty cargo van based on the chassis of a panel truck . Canopy express vehicles have open display areas behind the driver s seat commonly used for peddling vegetables and fruit, but also used for other kinds of deliveries that require easy access, such as newspapers and radio equipment. Canopy express trucks evolved as a more stylized version of standard pickup trucks that contained open canopies installed over the pickup bed. They were built by Dodge , General Motors , and International Harvester as well as other manufacturers. Ford Canopy Express trucks were merely aftermarket conversions of their existing panel trucks. As the United States became more suburbanized after World War 2, sales of canopy express vehicles declined. Dodge ceased production of these trucks in 1948, while GM offered the last of them in 1955. See also Panel truck Sedan Delivery Pickup truck Van External links http www.paneltruck.com Panel truck fansite 1937 Chevrolet Trux page http home.znet.com x1937 burb.htm Suburban Carryalls http home.znet.com x1937 canx.htm Canopy tops http www.brads41 46chevys.com id23.html Chevrolet 3107, 3807, and 4107 Brad s 1941 46 Chevy Trucks http www.stovebolt.com techtips history canopy express.htm The Plight of the Canopy Express The Stovebolt Page Category Trucks automotive stub truck stub ... more details
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