Refimprove date December 2010 Merge from tcsh discuss Talk Cshell Proposing to merge with tcsh date May 2011 Infobox software name Cshell logo screenshot File TcshAndShScreenCapture.png 300px caption ... website The Cshell csh or the improved version, tcsh , on most machines is a Unix shell that was created ... http www.kitebird.com csh tcsh book csh intro.pdf An Introduction to the Cshell by Bill Joy . ref The Cshell is a Command line interpreter command processor that s typically run in a text window, allowing the user to type commands which cause actions. The Cshell can also read commands from a file ... . What differentiated the Cshell, especially in the 1980s, were its interactive features and overall ... improved version of the Cshell. tcsh added filename and command completion and command line editing ... Greer Cite newsgroup author Ken Greer title Cshell with command and filename recognition completion ... page ref with the original Cshell. And though it started as a side branch from the original source ... file in tcsh 6.17.00. ref Design objectives and features The main design objectives for the Cshell ... in C, so the Cshell s first objective was a command language that was more stylistically consistent with the rest of the system. The keywords, the use of parentheses and the Cshell s built in expression ... shell written by Stephen Bourne at AT&T . This example illustrates the Cshell s more ... command. The statement in Cshell is a pun it s the at sign ment statement. Finally, here s a third ... use The second objective was that the Cshell should be better for interactive use. In support ... Aliases allow the user to type the name of an alias and have the Cshell expand it internally into whatever ... couldn t simply open another window. The Cshell s job control solved that by allowing the user to suspend the current activity and create a new instance of the Cshell, called a job, by typing Control ... stopped or running in the background. Path hashing Path hashing speeds up the Cshell s search for executable ... more details
Infobox software name Hamilton Cshell logo screenshot File HamiltonCshellx64onWindows7.png 300px caption 64 bit Hamilton Cshell on a Windows 7 desktop. collapsible author Nicole Hamilton developer released ... website http www.hamiltonlabs.com cshell.htm Hamilton Cshell is a Clone computing clone of the Cshell Unix Cshell and Unix utilities utilities ref name EarlyQuickRef Early cite book title Hamilton Cshell Quick Reference publisher Hamilton Laboratories, Wayland, MA date Jul 10 1990 url http hamiltonlabs.com archives 1990 07 10 Hamilton Cshell Quick Reference.pdf accessdate Nov 22 2010 ref ref ... Nov 22 2010 ref ref name PCWeek cite journal last Sussman first Ann title Hamilton CShell Speeds ... hamiltonlabs.com archives Hamilton CShell Speeds Development of OS 2 Applications Ann Sussman PC Week ... A. title Hamilton Cshell Announcement journal IBM Personal Systems Developer issue Summer 1989 pages 119 121 url http hamiltonlabs.com archives Hamilton CShell Announcement Douglas A Hamilton IBM ... last Richman first Scott title Examining the Hamilton CShell journal Dr. Dobb s Journal date Jan 1991 url http hamiltonlabs.com archives Examining the Hamilton CShell Scott Richman Dr Dobbs Journal ... The Hamilton Cshell journal MIPS Magazine issue Sep 1989 url http hamiltonlabs.com archives The Hamilton Cshell Kenneth G Goutal MIPS Magazine Sep 1989.pdf accessdate Nov 22 2010 ref ref name BYTE ... 22 2010 ref and on Windows NT in July 1992. ref http hamiltonlabs.com ReleaseNotes.htm Hamilton Cshell ..., Doug title Looking for CShell on NT date Jul 27 1995 newsgroup comp.os.ms windows.nt.misc id hamilton.806823765 ... CShell 2009 The Missing Shell for Windows date Sep 29 2009 url http www.rwoliver2.com 2009 09 19 hamilton cshell 2009 the missing shell for windows accessdate Oct 2 2011 ref Design Hamilton Cshell differs from the Unix Cshell in several respects, its compiler architecture, its use of Thread ... MIPS ref name BYTE Compiler File Hamilton Cshell and Cygwin bash recursion.png thumb 300px right ... more details
Summary Summary Non free use rationale Article Hamilton Cshell Description Hamilton Cshell and Cygwin Bash Unix shell bash date loop windows under Windows 7 . Source Screenshot from User Msnicki Msnicki s personal MacBook, Oct 17 2010. System configuration Standard 2008 aluminum MacBook Intel Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz 4.0GB RAM 64 bit Windows 7 Ultimate 160GB C partition, 60 free Portion Low resolution Purpose Shows relative performance of Hamilton Cshell and Cygwin Bash Unix shell bash running a popular Benchmark computing benchmark . The numbers to the left show how many times per second that particular shell was able to run the date Unix date utility . The overall run time for each iteration is split between the shell, the operating system and the date utility. Since the operating system s time to create a process is given and the date utility is expected to be quite fast, this benchmark is intended to measure how fast the shell does its part to create processes. The bigger the number the better. On this particular benchmark, Cygwin s bash averaged 7.2 processes created per second. Hamilton Cshell averaged 88.1 per second, about 12x as fast. The Thread computer science multithreaded Cshell Really fast date loop example cheats by separating the activities into two threads. One thread runs date as fast as possible presumably, the same 88 times per second , updating a shared variable. The other thread simply reports the latest value as fast as possible. The resulting numbers around 125,000 per second are, of course, a little silly the Cshell isn t really 18,000x as fast. The example is simply a reminder that on Windows, processes are more expensive than on Unix, but threads are very cheap and that if the problem lends itself to a multithreaded solution, improvements can be quite dramatic. Replaceability other information Licensing Non free software screenshot Screenshots of Windows software image has rationale yes ... more details
Summary Summary Non free use rationale Article Hamilton Cshell Description Hamilton Cshell and Cygwin Bash Unix shell bash recursion under Windows 7 . Source Screenshot from User Msnicki Msnicki s personal MacBook, Oct 17 2010. System configuration Standard 2008 aluminum MacBook Intel Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz 4.0GB RAM 64 bit Windows 7 Ultimate 160GB C partition, 60 free Portion Low resolution Purpose Shows the contrasting language styles and relative performance of Hamilton Cshell and Cygwin Bash Unix shell bash factoring a number using recursive shell scripts. The elapsed time using the compiled Cygwin binary to do the factoring is also shown for comparison. Timing a recursive shell procedure or function factoring a large number is a test of how fast the shell is able to evaluate simple expressions and interpret its language constructs, especially for iteration and condition testing. Since there are no child processes being spawned and only three lines of output are generated, the time spent in system calls is quite small. In this example, the compiled Cygwin binary factored 1234123412 in 0.082 seconds. Bash required 1.778 seconds. Hamilton Cshell required 0.1 seconds, making it nearly as fast as the compiled binary and roughly 18x as fast as bash. Replaceability other information Licensing Non free software screenshot Screenshots of Windows software image has rationale yes ... more details
wiktionarypar shellShell may refer to TOCright Nature Seashell , a hard outer layer of a marine animal, found on beaches Exoskeleton , an external covering of some animals Mollusc shell Gastropod shell Turtle shell Eggshell Business Royal Dutch Shell , a multinational oil and gas company Shell Oil Company , the U.S. based subsidiary Shell Canada Shell Nigeria Shell corporation , a company which serves as a vehicle for business transactions Entertainment Shell theater , a curved surface for reflecting sound The Shells , a musical group Shells Angel Shells Angel , a TV episode Places Shell, Ecuador Shell, California , United States Shell, Wyoming , United States People Art Shell born 1946 , American football player and coach Donald Shell born 1924 , American computer scientist Karl Shell born 1938 , American economist Other uses Shell computing , a type of user interface Shell machinery , each half of a two piece plain bearing Shell projectile , an explosive device Electron shell Racing shell , a watercraft Shell account , a user account on a remote server Shotgun shell , a type of ammunition Shell element, a component of the thin shell structure construction method A ring like List of algebraic structures algebraic structure See also Shell sort , a sorting algorithm On shell and off shell , a concept in quantum field theory lookfrom intitle disambig cs Shell de Shell el es Shell eo elo eu Shell fa fr Shell hr Ljuska io Shelo it Shell he hu Shell egy rtelm s t lap nl Shell ja pl Muszla ujednoznacznienie pt Shell desambigua o ro Shell ru simple Shell sr sv Skal zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox musical artist name The Shell image The Shell.jpg caption The Shell in 2008, from left to right Michael Fromenwiler, Sacha Leuenberger, Christoph Schorro, Patrice Lambeau image size 250 landscape yes background group or band origin St. Gallen , Switzerland . genre Alternative rock , Indie rock . years active 1996 present website http www.theshell.de current members Michael Fromenwiler br Sacha Leunberger br Christoph Schorro br Patrice Lambeau past members Roger Cadalbert br Raphael Cernelc br Christian Riesen The Shell is an alternative rock band from St. Gallen , Switzerland . They currently comprise of Patrice Lambeau vocals, rhythm guitar , Michael Frommenwiler bass , Sacha Leuenberger lead guitar and Christoph Schorro drums . The band was formed by childhood friends Lambeau and Fromenwiler in 1996 and have since gone on to enjoy success in their native Switzerland and throughout Europe. ref http www.myspace.com theshellworld MySpace.com The Shell berlin, santiago di gallo Indie Alternative Rock www.myspace.com theshellworld Bot generated title ref History Early years 1996 2004 Lambeau and Fromenwiler formed The Shell in spring 1996. After an unsuccessful search for band members in St. Gallen they moved to San Francisco in 1998 where they played a series of live shows with a local drummer. Upon returning to Switzerland they joined with drummer Roger Cadalbert and guitarist Raphael Cernelc before moving to London in 2000 where for six months they played a series of shows and worked on new material. br In February 2001 the band recorded their first demo CD in Stuttgart , Germany which was supported by shows at Rock am See, the Montreux Jazz ... 2004 2006 After winning a national contest for new bands in Zurich The Shell signed to Universal ... enjoyed rotation on Swiss music TV. By the end of 2004 The Shell had received a best newcomer award ... Label Management DEFAULTSORT Shell Category Swiss alternative rock groups Category Swiss ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In physics , particularly in quantum field theory , configurations of a physical system that satisfy classical equations of motion are called on shell , and those that do not are called off shell . For instance, in classical mechanics in the action physics action formulation, extremal solutions to the variational principle are on shell and the Euler Lagrange equation s are on shell equations i.e., they do not hold off shell . Noether s theorem is also another on shell theorem. Mass shell The term comes from the phrase mass shell , which is a synonym for mass hyperboloid , meaning the hyperboloid in energy momentum space describing the solutions to the equation math E 2 vec p , 2 c 2 m 2 c 4 math describing combinations of energy E and momentum p allowed by classical special relativity for a particle of mass m where math c math is the speed of light . The equation for the mass shell is also often written in terms of the four momentum , in Einstein notation and units where c 1, as math p mu p mu m 2 math or simply as math p 2 m 2 math . Virtual particles corresponding to internal propagator s in a Feynman diagram are in general allowed to be off shell, but the amplitude for the process will diminish depending on how far off shell they are the propagator typically has mathematical singularity singularities on the mass shell. When speaking of the propagator, negative values for E that satisfy the equation are thought of as being on shell, though the classical theory does not allow negative values for the energy of a particle. This is because the propagator incorporates into one expression the cases in which the particle carries energy in one direction, and in which its antiparticle carries energy in the other direction negative and positive on shell E then simply represent opposing flows of positive energy. DEFAULTSORT On Shell And Off Shell Category Quantum field theory fa ko it Soluzione on shell ed off shell ... more details
u code clauses in the common Unix Bourne shell syntax. Moreover although the v7 shell is written in C ... tcsh book csh intro.pdf An Introduction to the Cshell by Bill Joy . ref ref cite web last Bezroukov ... compared to the Cshell . The Bourne shell was not as User friendly friendly for interactive use. Cshell offered Cshell History history , Cshell Aliases aliases , Cshell Job control job control ... was written in C programming language C , the Bourne shell s Formal grammar grammar looked nothing ... road between the Bourne shell and the Cshell . Its syntax was chiefly drawn from the Bourne shell, while its job control Unix job control features resembled those of the Cshell. The functionality ...?file V7 usr src cmd sh Actual C source code for the Bourne shell using mac.h macros http steve parker.org ...Refimprove date January 2008 Infobox software name Bourne shell logo File screenshot File caption collapsible ... size language status genre Unix shell license CDDL dubious License date March 2011 website The Bourne shell , or sh , was the default Unix shell of Version 7 Unix Unix Version 7 and most Unix like systems continue to have bin sh which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell even when more modern shells are used by most users. Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Laboratories , it was a replacement for the Thompson shell , whose executable file had ... book that presented the shell as a programming language in a tutorial form. Origins The shell was designed as a replacement for the original Thompson shell . Among the primary goals were ref http www.computerworld.com.au article 279011 z programming languages bourne shell sh The A Z of Programming Languages Bourne shell, or sh March 2009, Computerworld ref To allow shell script s to be used as filters .... No limits on string lengths when interpreting shell scripts. Rationalize and generalize string quoting ... at startup and provided a way for shell scripts to pass context to sub scripts Process computing ... more details
have been the Bourne shell and the Cshell . The Bourne shell, sh, was written by Stephen Bourne ... Peter Grandi, Dept of CS, UCW Aberystwyth, UK, Dec 17, 1989. ref The Cshell , csh, was written ... the control structures and the expression grammar, was modeled on C. The Cshell also introduced a large number of features for interactive work, including the Cshell History history and Cshell Editing operators editing mechanisms, Cshell Aliases aliases , Cshell Directory stack directory stacks , Cshell Tilde notation tilde notation , Cshell Cdpath cdpath , Cshell Job control job control and Cshell Path hashing path hashing . Both shells have been used as coding base and model for many ..., the dollar sign . Cshell Main Cshell The Cshell was developed by Bill Joy for the Berkeley Software ... use, but less frequently for scripting and operating system control. Cshell has many interactive ... Tiny utilities for small and embedded systems, include a shell. Cshell compatible Cshell csh ... and Linux . ref TENEX Cshell tcsh Hamilton Cshell Written by Nicole Hamilton, first distributed on OS 2 in 1988 and on Windows since 1992. ref http hamiltonlabs.com ReleaseNotes.htm Hamilton Cshell ...No footnotes date September 2009 File TcshAndShScreenCapture.png thumb 300px right tcsh and sh shell windows on a Mac OS X desktop.. A Unix shell is a command line interpreter or shell computing shell ... shell means any program that users employ to type commands. A shell hides the details of the underlying operating system with the shell interface and manages the technical details of the operating ... line interpreters for interactive sessions. When a user log in logs in to the system, a shell program is automatically executed. The login shell may be customized for each user. In addition, a user is typically allowed to execute another shell program interactively. The Unix shell was unusual when it was introduced. It is both an interactive Shell computing command language as well as a scripting ... more details
Infobox Software name Almquist shell logo screenshot caption developer latest release version latest release date programming language C programming language C operating system Cross platform platform Cross platform language English, multilingual gettext status Active genre Unix shell source model Open source license website URL http www.in ulm.de mascheck various ash The Almquist shell also known as A Shell , ash and sh was originally Kenneth Almquist s clone of the SVR4 variant of the Bourne shell it is a fast, small, POSIX compatible Unix shell designed to replace the Bourne shell in later BSD distributions. Originally it did not feature line editing Clarify date March 2010 or command history ... shell tt bin sh tt on FreeBSD , NetBSD , DragonFly BSD and Minix . ash is also fairly popular ... in this area. Debian s version of ash is known as Debian Almquist shell Debian Almquist Shell dash . Some Linux distribution s also use Debian Almquist shell a derivative of ash as the default shell, although Bash Unix shell Bash Bourne Again Shell is more popular. Debian and Ubuntu operating system Ubuntu Symbolic link symlink tt bin sh tt to the dash shell for faster Shell script script execution, but keeps Bash as the default login shell. The following is extracted from the ash package information from Slackware blockquote ash Kenneth Almquist s ash shell blockquote A lightweight 92K Bourne compatible shell. Great for machines with low memory, but does not provide all the extras of shells like Bash Unix shell bash , tcsh , and zsh . Runs most shell scripts compatible with the Bourne shell. Note that under Linux, most scripts seem to use at least some bash specific syntax. The Slackware setup scripts are a notable exception, since ash is the shell used on the install disks. NetBSD ...&f false title Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional author Peter Seebach publisher ... shell ja Almquist Shell ru Almquist shell ... more details
Infobox Film name Shell 43 image writer C. Gardner Sullivan starring H.B. Warner br Enid Markey br John Gilbert actor John Gilbert producer Thomas H. Ince director Reginald Barker distributor Kay Bee Pictures country FilmUS released August, 1916 runtime 50 minutes language Silent film br English language English intertitles budget Shell 43 is a 1916 war movie written by C. Gardner Sullivan and starring H.B. Warner and Enid Markey . An English spy played by H.B. Warner works behind German lines during World War I . He saves the life of a German officer and is killed in a German trench by an Allied shell. ref http www.silentera.com PSFL data S ShellFortyThree1916.html Shell 43 at silentera.com ref References reflist External links imdb title 0007334 Shell 43 http www.allrovi.com search movies shell 43 Shell 43 allrovi.com synopsis Category 1916 films Category Black and white films Category American films Category American silent feature films it Shell 43 ... more details
Shell Lake can refer to Shell Lake, Saskatchewan Shell Lake, Wisconsin Shell Lake Township, Minnesota Shell Lake murders Shell Lake Municipal Airport Shell Lake No. 495, Saskatchewan Inuvik Shell Lake Water Aerodrome Shell Lake National Wildlife Refuge disambig de Shell Lake ... more details
type. Windows Services For Unix in most versions provides a Korn and Cshell as well as Perl ...refimprove date June 2010 A shell is a piece of software that provides an Interface computer science ... for HTML Layout engine rendering engines . The name shell originates from shells being an outer ... user interface GUI . In either category the primary purpose of the shell is to invoke or launch ... s, a shell is a piece of software that is an empty expert system without the knowledge base for any ..., ISBN 0131479571, 9780131479579, page 135 ref History The first Unix shell , Ken Thompson s sh , ref name v6hist http v6shell.org history ref was modeled after the Multics shell, ref http www.multicians.org ... an operating system shell or in a purpose built programmer. Text command line interface CLI shells Unix shells Main Unix shell Notable historic or popular Unix shell s include Bourne shell sh Almquist shell ash Debian Almquist shell dash Bash Unix shell Bourne Again shell bash Korn shell ksh Z shell zsh Cshell csh TENEX Cshell tcsh Hamilton Cshell EMACS shell eshell Es shell es esh Unix Easy Shell friendly interactive shell fish rc shell rc shell for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Unix scsh Scheme Shell Stand alone Shell sash BeanShell Rhino JavaScript engine Rhino Shell Rhino Remote shell rsh a remote shell available on many systems, can also mean Restricted shell on some systems tclsh command line and Wish Unix shell wish GUI , the shells provided with implementations of the Tcl and Tcl Tk programming languages some implementations may include the version number in the name of the shell, such as tclsh83 or tcl83sh. psh a Perl based general purpose shell available in some cases. smrsh restricted shell for use with the Unix sendmail programme. sqsh a shell available with some SQL implementations ... OS 2 and VMS dn date September 2011 , as well as the main VMS shell, DCL dn date September 2011 being ... XP . CANDE CANDE MCS command line shell and text editor on the MCP Burroughs Large Systems MCP operating ... more details
one source date November 2011 The PWB shell also known as the Mashey shell was an early Unix shell . ref name Mashey1976 10 13 cite paper url title Using a Command Language as a High Level Programming ... shell with additional features to increase usability for programming, and was maintained ... features Although it was soon superseded by the Bourne shell , several features introduced in the PWB shell remain in many later shells. The if and goto commands were made internal to the shell, and extended ... their own sets of shared commands. In addition, the shell s command searching was enhanced to allow shell procedures to be invoked like binary commands, i.e., if the shell found a non binary file marked executable, it would fork another shell instance to read that file as a shell script. Thus people ... in the same way as the shell. The character Sigil computer programming sigil , used previously for identifying arguments to a shell script , became the marker for dereferencing a variable, and could ... These features could not overcome the shortcomings of the Thompson shell, and so a new shell was written from scratch by Stephen Bourne . This Bourne shell was incompatible with the Thompson and PWB shells, but included equivalents of most of the PWB shell s features, but done from scratch ... shell as the standard shell in Version 7 Unix, use of the PWB shell was phased out, although for a while, there was an internal Bell Labs course called Bourne Shell Programming for Mashey Shell Programmers . The Cshell , developed before the public release of the Bourne shell, also inherited some of the features of the PWB shell. Citation needed date April 2010 See also Comparison of computer ... Bourne Shell Family History and Development Sven Mascheck http www.in ulm.de mascheck bourne PWB Manual page for the PWB shell , 31 May 1977 http groups.google.cl group net.unix wizards msg 742dc733194063e0?dmode source Article by Mashey on the PWB shell s development and influence Unix Shells Category ... more details
Shell River may refer to Rivers Shell River Manitoba Shell River Minnesota Shell River Saskatchewan Musselshell River , Montana, also known as Shell River Places Shell River, Manitoba Shell River Township, Minnesota geodis de Shell River ... more details
Infobox software name Thompson shell logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author Ken Thompson ... platform size language status genre license Unix shell website The Thompson shell was the first Unix shell , introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson computer ... line interface and led to the development of the later Unix shells. History The name shell for a command line interpreter and the concept of making the shell a user program outside of the operating ... of the Thompson shell was a compact syntax for input output redirection. In Multics, redirecting ... for input or the > symbol for output, and the shell would redirect I O for the duration of the command ... exactly the same result as command1 command2 The Thompson shell syntax for redirection with < ... and replacements The shell s design was intentionally minimalistic even the if and goto statements ... shell was inadequate for most serious programming tasks. At this time, the developers of the Programmer s Workbench UNIX distribution, most notably John Mashey , began modifying the Thompson shell ... shell or the Mashey shell, included more advanced flow control mechanisms and introduced shell variables, but remained limited by the necessity to remain compatible with the Thompson shell. Finally, the Thompson shell was replaced as the main Unix shell by the Bourne shell in Unix Version 7 and the Cshell in Berkeley Software Distribution PDP 11 beginnings 2BSD , both released in 1979. Since virtually all modern Unix and Unix like systems are descended from V7 and 2BSD, the Thompson shell is generally ... 1st 1 sh Manual page for the Thompson shell in Unix 1st Edition . http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr hist.html The Evolution of the Unix Time Sharing System describes the early development of the shell http www.in ulm.de mascheck bourne index.html origins Origins of the Bourne shell manual pages ... Sixth Edition Thompson Shell Port the Thompson shell and its associated utilities ported to modern ... more details
Shell Point can refer to Shell Point, Sinaloa Shell Point, Florida Shell Point, South Carolina geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages vo Shell Point ... more details
Image OS 2 W4.png right thumb The OS 2 Warp 4 desktop The Workplace Shell WPS is a object oriented desktop shell produced by IBM s Boca Raton development lab for OS 2 2.0. It is based on Common User Access and made a radical shift away from the Program Manager type interface that earlier versions of OS 2 shared with Windows 3.1x Windows 3.x or the application oriented WIMP computing WIMP interface of the Apple Macintosh . The Workplace Shell was also used in OS 2 Warp 3 and Warp 4, and is still the user interface of the revamped successor to OS 2 called eComStation of Serenity Inc. Although mostly written in C programming language C , under the covers the Workplace Shell is implemented as an object oriented class library, basing on the System Object Model SOM . The WPS classes are glued together with an interface definition language IDL . SOM and its IDL was developed by IBM in their Austin, Texas lab. The classes can easily be manipulated by sending simple settings strings like KEYWORD VALUE to them both via a C and a Rexx API . When implementing a new WPS class, it is derived from an existing class from within the WPS class hierarchy. For modifying, extending or removing certain functionality ... class implemented by it is registered with the Workplace Shell and an instance of this class is created, it can be acted on by the user or other programs as every other Workplace Shell object. A part ... Reflist External links A well known free and open source Workplace Shell extension package named http ... Workplace Shell Toolkit eases common programming tasks when creating WPS classes, as well ... Workplace Shell for Windows is a freeware clone of the WPS made for Windows unofficially by IBM employees. http ftp.gaby.de pub win3x wpsfw151.zip Download Workplace Shell for Windows http www.os2ezine.com ... forums thread.jspa?threadID 180049 Download Workplace Shell for Windows 2.0 Source Code Category OS 2 Workplace Shell de Workplace Shell nl Workplace Shell ja ... more details
orphan date October 2009 File Ironshell.jpg thumb right Iron Shell 1900 Iron Shell 1816 1896 was a Brul Sioux chief. He initially became prominent after an 1843 raid on the Pawnee people Pawnee , and became sub chief of the Brul under Little Thunder . ref Bettelyoun, Susan Bordeaux, and Waggoner, Josephine 1998 . With My Own Eyes A Lakota Woman Tells Her People s History , p. 154. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803261640. ref He became chief of the Brul Orphan Band during the Powder River War of 1866 1868. He signed the Treaty of 1868, and lived the remainder of his life on the Rosebud Indian Reservation . Hollow Horn Bear was his son. Biography Tukiha Maza Iron Shell was born c. 1820. Iron Shell was the son of Sicangu Chief Bull Tail. Sicangu meant burnt thighs , the name given to some of the Lakota people Lakota people who had been caught in a prairie fire that burned their legs. The French later gave them the name Brul . During a raid on the Pawnee people Pawnee by the Brul in 1843, Iron Shell received recognition for his actions. Thirteen years later, at Fort Pierre , under Little Thunder, Iron Shell was made a sub chief of the Brules. Iron Shell became chief of the Brul ... attack in 1855 against the Brul at present day Lewellen, Nebraska , Chief Iron Shell was there and fought against Harney s troops. Two of Iron Shell s wives were captured that day, though Iron Shell escaped. That confrontation constituted the largest loss of life through death or capture .... Arcadia Publishing. ref Chief Iron Shell led many attacks against the Omaha and Pawnee. On September 4, 1867, Chief Iron Shell and 180 of his followers arrived at North Platte. He eventually signed ... leaders10.html shell Iron Shell , from Axel jacob.de, URL accessed 04 03 06 http www.dlncoalition.org ... . NAME Iron Shell ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1816 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1896 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Iron Shell Category Native American people of the Indian ... more details
Image Achernar.jpg right 200px thumb Depiction of Achernar , the brightest shell star as seen from Earth A shell star , also termed Gamma Cassiopeiae variable GCAS ref ftp cdsarc.u strasbg.fr pub cats ... irregular variations in their luminosity due to the outflow of matter. The shell stars are fast rotators, giving a partial explanation on the mechanism, but shell stars are still considered enigmatic. Shell stars belong to stellar classification spectral types O7.5 to F5, but their spectra ... of shell stars are hard to interpret, since normal spectral features are overlaid with variable ... Shell stars are subdivided in four categories ref cite web url http articles.adsabs.harvard.edu cgi ... and A F type shell stars, page 80 author Slettebak, A. year 1982 accessdate 18 Jan, 2009 ref early ... B7 to B9.5, and A F shell stars ranging from A0 to F5. The spectrum is variable in the long term, and the early type shell stars may switch from and to exhibiting a Be type spectrum or an ordinary B spectrum. All shell stars exhibit broadened emission instead of absorption lines in spectrum for the counterparting non shell star type, so that B shell stars show emission of the Balmer series Balmer ... I and usually Iron Fe II emission, the later shell stars exhibits Calcium H and K lines Ca II and Titanium Ti II emission. It is believed that the shell stars belong to somewhere in the range of main ... broadening caused by the rotation. Examples The prototype shell star is Gamma Cassiopeiae , while the brightest example is Achernar . A certain peculiar shell star is HR 2309 a sharp lined shell ... Scanner observations of shell stars Phi Persei and Psi Persei author Tur, N. S. Goraya, P. S. journal ... abs 1996MNRAS.280L..31P title On the rotational velocities of Be and Be shell stars author Porter .....13Q title Maximum entropy maps of the Be shell star zeta Tauri from optical long baseline interferometry author Quirrenbach, A. Buscher, D. F. Mozurkewich, D. Hummel, C. A. Armstrong, J. T. year 1994 ... more details
stability, ref Britton J. C 1995 The relationship between position on shore and shell ornamentation ...File Arianta arbustorum Braunau 1968.jpg thumb Four views of a shell of Arianta arbustorum Apertural ... . File Czescimuszli shells.jpg thumb The shell of a large land snail probably Helix pomatia with parts ... suture br 6 Whorl mollusc whorl br 7 Apex mollusc apex The gastropod shell is a mollusc shellshell ... shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton , which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also ... and in intertidal marine snails, the shell is also an essential protection against the sun, and against ... and left handed individuals. The gastropod shell has several layers, and is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated out into an organic matrix known as conchiolin . The shell is secreted by a part of the molluscan body known as the Mantle mollusc mantle . Not all gastropods have a shell, but the majority do. In almost every case the shell consists of one piece, and is typically spiral ly ... shaped shells as adults. The study of mollusc shell s, including gastropod shells, is called conchology ... species of sea snail on the left is the normally sinistral left handed shell of Neptunea angulata , on the right is the normally dextral right handed shell of Neptunea despecta Because coiled shells ... shell collector s. If a coiled gastropod shell is held with the spire pointing upwards and the aperture more or less facing the observer, a dextral shell will have the aperture on the right hand side, and a sinistral shell will have the aperture on the left hand side. This chirality of gastropods is often ... of the shell Main mantle mollusc mollusc shell nacre Morphology File Zonitoides nitidus drawing en.svg left thumb 650px Morphology of typical spirally coiled shell. The shell of Zonitoides nitidus , a land ... Lateral view showing the profile of the shell br Lower image Basal view showing umbilicus in the centre. File Zonitoides nitidus shell.jpg thumb Photo of the shell of Zonitoides nitidus with an apical ... more details
. For example, in a directory with three C source code files, rather than manually running the four commands required to build the final program from them, one could instead create a Cshell script ... in Windows PowerShell shell Windows PowerShell Scripting A shell script is a Scripting language script written for the Shell computing shell , or command line interpreter , of an operating system ... by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. Many shell script ... line interface. Other examples of programming language s primarily intended for shell scripting include ... basic form, a shell script can provide a convenient variation of a system command where special environment ... of command options pre supplied. source lang bash bin sh LC COLLATE C ls FCas source Here, Shebang Unix ... none omitted , and a size in blocks. The tt LC COLLATE C tt sets the default collation order to not fold .... Another example of a shell script that could be used as a shortcut would be to print a list of all ..., the shell script would start with its normal starting line of span style font family courier ... job s Shell scripts allow several commands that would be entered manually at a command line interface ... source lang bash bin csh echo compiling... cc c foo.c cc c bar.c cc c qux.c cc o myprog foo.o bar.o ... are not unusual for isolated tasks, but using shell loops, tests, and variables provides much more flexibility to users. A Bash Unix shell script to convert JPEG images to PNG images, where the image ... Verisimilitude A key feature of shell scripts is that the invocation of their interpreters is handled as a core operating system feature. So rather than a user s shell only being able to execute scripts in that shell s language, or a script only having its interpreter directive handled correctly if it was run from a shell both of which were limitations in the early Bourne shell s handling of scripts , shell scripts are set up and executed by the OS itself. A modern shell script is not just on the same ... more details
Shell Island may refer to Shell Island Wales Shell Islets Tasmania geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages de Shell Island ... more details
Shell Building may refer to Shell Building San Francisco , California Shell Building St Louis , Missouri One Shell Square , New Orleans, Louisiana disambig ... more details
Infobox Software name GNOME title GNOME Shell screenshot File GNOME Shell.png 300px caption GNOME Shell ... JavaScript and C programming language C ref name gnome3myths operating system Unix like language Multilanguage ref name Languages genre Shell computing Shell status Active license GNU General Public License website URL http live.gnome.org GnomeShell GNOME Shell is the core user interface of the GNOME ... applications. It replaces GNOME Panel ref name shell replaces panel and other software components ... , used in earlier versions of GNOME. GNOME shell uses Mutter window manager Mutter , a compositing ... visual effects and hardware acceleration . ref name mutter gnome future According to GNOME Shell ... of GNOME Shell can be changed with Plug in computing extensions , which could be written ... shell has received mixed reviews. For Linus Torvalds , Gnome 3 shell is an unholy mess . ref name torvalds ... window manager Mutter will mean that users of GNOME Shell will not be able to switch to an alternative ... while GNOME Shell is running. ref name metacity mutter shell 2.28 Adoption Please don t add distributions ... system Fedora uses GNOME Shell by default since release 15. ref name fedora features Linux Mint 12 uses GNOME Shell preloaded with extensions by default. ref name mint blog ref name mint site The GNOME version of openSUSE 12.1 uses GNOME Shell by default. ref name opensuse 12.1 Arch Linux and OpenBSD ... Gnome Shell Overlay Mode Windows File Gnome Shell Applications Screen.png Gnome Shell Overlay Mode Applications gallery See also Portal Free software Unity user interface Unity , a shell interface ... taskbar compatible with GNOME Shell References reflist refs ref name gnome3myths citation url http ... name Languages citation url http l10n.gnome.org module gnome shell title Module Statistics gnome shell ... Plan title Planning for GNOME 3.0 work GNOME Live accessdate 2011 03 23 ref ref name shell replaces panel cite mailing list url http mail.gnome.org archives gnome shell list 2010 March msg00092.html ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
