unreferenced date March 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Les Burgraves is a historical Play theatre play by Victor Hugo , first performed by the Com die Fran aise on 7 May 1843. It takes place along the Rhine and features the return of Emperor Barbarossa . DEFAULTSORT Burgraves, Les Category 1843 plays Category Plays by Victor Hugo 19thC play stub fr Les Burgraves ... more details
as burgraves, in a stained glass window at Hohenzollern Castle The Burgraviate of Nuremberg lang de ... from the purview of the burgraves. ref name HLB N rnberg Entwicklung ref name Cath NurembergNuremberg ... deutsche K nigtum 1273 1417 lang en The Burgraves of Nuremberg and the German monarchy 1273 1417 . Korn ... Burgraviate Of Nuremberg Category Burgraves of Nuremberg Category Lists of nobility Nuremberg ... N rnberg conventional long name Burgraviate of Nuremberg common name Nuremberg, Burgraviate continent ... a ribband argent s1 Imperial City of Nuremberg image s1 File Wappen von N rnberg.svg 20px alt Dimidiated ... flag type Flag under the Raabs an der Thaya Raabs capital Nuremberg footnotes Accepts wikilinks File ... of Nuremberg the burgraviate soon lost power over the city, which became independent from 1219. Eventually ... . History See also Nuremberg History l1 Nuremberg History Nuremberg was probably founded around ... City of Nuremberg , de Historisches Lexikon Bayerns Historisches Lexikon Bayerns ref From 1050 ... and courts over the surrounding Imperial territories. The first burgraves were from the Austrian ... century to the Holy Roman Empire Interregnum Interregnum 1254 73 , however, the power of the burgraves ... N rnberg Reichsschulthei from 1173 74. ref name HLB N rnberg Entwicklung ref name Cath Nuremberg Cite Catholic Encyclopedia id 11168a title Nuremberg ref This castellan not only administered the imperial lands surrounding Nuremberg, but levied taxes and constituted the highest judicial court .... The strained relations between the burgraves and the castellan finally broke out into open enmity, which greatly influenced the history of the city. ref name Cath NurembergNuremberg is often referred ... Reichstag Holy Roman Empire Reichstage Imperial Diets and courts met at Nuremberg Castle . The Diet of Nuremberg Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire ... increased trade and commerce to Nuremberg, supported by the Hohenstaufen emperors. Frederick II, Holy ... more details
Image N rnberg Burg ArM.jpg thumb 300px Nuremberg Castle Sinwell Tower in the middle left, Luginsland Tower in the far right part of the picture Nuremberg Castle lang de N rnberger Burg is a historical building on a sandstone rock in the north of the historical city of Nuremberg , Bavaria , Germany . It comprises three sections the imperial castle Kaiserburg , some buildings of the Burgraves of Nuremberg Burggrafenburg , and the municipal buildings of the Imperial City of Nuremberg Imperial City at the eastern site Reichsst dtische Bauten . History File Nuernberg Burg Panorama PtGUI.jpg thumb 300px The courtyard with Heidenturm Heathen Tower , Kaiserkapelle Emperor s Chapel and Tiefer Brunnen Deep Well . Archeological investigations during recent days indicate that the place was already settled around the year 1000, although this has not been backed up by any documentary proof. Nuremberg was first recorded in 1050, when Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor Henry III visited the town, but there is no specific mention of the castle. The castle does not appear in any documents until 1105. In 1140, King Conrad III of Germany Conrad III started building a second castle on the site, to be used as a royal residence. In the 13th century, Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City , and the castle fell into the care of the city. Of all the parts of the castle built during this time, the Luginsland Tower watch over the land Tower , begun in 1377, stands out. File Nuernberg Burg.jpg left thumb Tiefer Brunnen Deep well, small building with gable roof in the middle and Sinwellturm Sinwell Tower . Legend has it that in 1381, the robber baron Eppelein von Gailingen escaped death on the gallows when ..., with an afterword by the editor G. Ulrich Grossmann Nuremberg references coord 49 27 28 N 11 04 ... in Bavaria Category Buildings and structures in Nuremberg Castle Category Imperial castles Germany castle stub Bavaria struct stub de N rnberger Burg eu Nurenbergko gaztelua fr Ch teau de Nuremberg ... more details
Infobox zoo zoo name Nuremberg Zoo Tiergarten N rnberg logo logo width logo caption image Tiergarten Nuernberg Eingang.jpg image width 250px image caption Zoo entrance date opened 11 May 1912 date closed location Nuremberg , Germany area convert 0.67 km2 acre coordinates coord 49 26 51 N 11 8 41 E type landmark scale 2500 num animals num species 300 members exhibits website http www.tiergarten.nuernberg.de www.tiergarten.nuernberg.de Nuremberg Zoo lang de Tiergarten N rnberg is a zoo located in the Nuremberg Reichswald imperial forest , southeast of Nuremberg , Germany. With an area of convert 0.67 km2 acre , approximately 300 animal species are kept by the zoo. History In the Middle Ages The tradition of zoos in Nuremberg goes back to the Middle Ages. However the only indications of a zoo maintained by the local nobility, the Burgraves, take the form of certain place names, such as the Zoo Gate Tierg rtner Tor and the adjoining Zoo Square Tierg rtnertorplatz . This preserve stretched as far as the so called Johannisfelder today St. Johannis and the Rohlederersgarten today the site of the Klinikum Nord . One can only speculate about the use made of the park. 20th century The Nuremberg Zoo was founded on 11 May 1912 ref http www.csu lichtenhof.de html2 dutzendt.htm Der alte Tiergarten ref on the site of the Bavarian State Exhibition at the Luitpoldhain. After the Nazis seized power, the zoo had to give way for the Nazi party rally grounds Reichsparteitagsgel nde at the Dutzendteich and was closed in February 1939. In May 1939, the new zoo was opened in the Reichswald at the Schmausenbuck. It was almost completely destroyed after World War II and rebuilt at the end of the 1950s ... Zoos Category Visitor attractions in Nuremberg Category Zoos in Germany Category Buildings and structures in Nuremberg ca Zoo de Nuremberg de Tiergarten N rnberg es Zool gico de N remberg fr Zoo de Nuremberg id Kebun Binatang Nuremberg pt Jardim Zool gico de Nuremberga simple Nuremberg Zoo tr ... more details
infobox nobility name Beatrix of Nuremberg image caption noble family House of Hohenzollern father Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg mother Elisabeth of Meissen spouse Albert III, Duke of Austria issue Albert IV, Duke of Austria birth date circa 1362 birth place Nuremberg death date 1414 death place Perchtoldsdorf Beatrix of Nuremberg circa 1362 , Nuremberg &ndash 10 June 1414, Perchtoldsdorf was a daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and his wife Elisabeth of Meissen . In 1375 in Vienna , she married Duke Albert III, Duke of Austria Albert III of Austria. They had one son Albert IV, Duke of Austria Albert IV . Equivalent Dutch Germany noble stub Euro royal stub persondata name Beatrix of Nuremberg alternative names Beatrix von N rnberg German short description Burgravine of Nuremberg by birth Duchess of Austria by marriage date of birth circa 1362 place of birth Nuremberg date of death 1414 place of death Perchtoldsdorf Category House of Hohenzollern Category 1362 births Category 1414 deaths nl Beatrix van Neurenberg Hohenzollern ... more details
Image Nuernberger teller.jpg thumb right 250px Nuremberg Plate amongst other torture procedures The Nuremberg Plate German N rnberger Teller also N rnberger Scheibe was an apparatus for the interrogation through torture . This instrument of torture was used during late Middle Ages and early modern times for enforcement of confession confessions . The Nuremberg Plate consisted of a rotating disc, that was mounted horizontally to the floor. The disc was powered by one or two torturers using a crank handle. The victim was locked into position with arm and legchains on the spinning disc. Because of centrifugal force centrifugal forces the victim suffered from Equilibrioception disturbances of equilibrium , Circulatory system circulatory disorder and Regurgitation circulation regurgitation . Because torturing with the Nuremberg Plate often did not result in visible or serious injury, it was mainly used for the interrogation of privileged persons. Reports about a tightened variant of the Nuremberg Plate, in which blades were moved from above towards the victim of torture, could not be confirmed unambiguously. It may be a myth, going back to the vivid fantasy of early modern times illustrator illustrators . In its city of origin Nuremberg the Plate was presumably never used outside of the Nuremberg Castle . References Maria Theresa, Austria Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana . Facsimile reprint of the 1769 ed. published by J.T. Edlen von Trattnern, Vienna . Category Physical torture techniques it Disco di Norimberga ... more details
The Nuremberg Mahzor is a 14th century manuscript of the siddur according to the Eastern Ashkenazi rite. Written in 1331, the ornamental manuscript includes the Jewish services for all occasions throughout the year, together with commentaries in the margins which have never been published. The manuscript was written on parchment and, at 20 inches high by 14 inches wide, and weighing more than 57 pounds 26 kilograms , is one of the largest and heaviest codex codices to have survived anywhere. It contains 521 Wiktionary folio folio s. The illuminated Nuremberg Mahzor contains prayers and piyyut im for the whole year according to the Eastern Ashkenazi Austrian rite, the five Megillot and the Haftarot. The Nuremberg Mahzor got its name from its home for more than 300 years the Nuremberg municipal library in Germany. The manuscript was originally commissioned for private study and synagogue use by a Jewish patron and was most likely used by the Nuremberg community after 1499. From the 16th century until 1951 the manuscript was in the possession of the Nuremberg Municipal Library. In 1951, Salman Schocken, a German Jewish publisher and book collector, purchased the Nuremberg Mahzor as post World War II restitution for property confiscated by the Nazis. Since then it was stored for 50 years in the Schocken Institute for Jewish Studies in Jerusalem. During that time it went only once on public display. In 2005 the manuscript was purchased by the private collector Dr. David Jeselsohn, Zurich. In the 19th century, 11 leaves were removed from the prayer book by Napoleon s army ... leaves are still missing. Immediately after the purchase of the Nuremberg Mahzor by Dr. Jeselsohn ... jnul.huji.ac.il dl mss pr mahzor nuremberg mahzor nuremberg ref and after a six months restoration ... from September 2009 through February 2010. Today, the Nuremberg Mahzor is part of the permanent exhibits of the renewed Israel Museum. The Nuremberg Mahzor is described as a unique cultural ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 The Diet of Nuremberg is often called the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg . There were several of them because, according to the Golden Bull of 1356 , each Holy Roman Emperor had to hold his first diet assembly diet in Nuremberg after his election. There were also a number of other diets held. 1211 elected the future emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen German king. 1356 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV issued his Golden Bull regulating the election of Holy Roman Emperors. Important to Protestantism and the Turks were the 1522 1st Diet of Nuremberg 1524 2nd Diet of Nuremberg 1532 3rd Diet of Nuremberg 1522 Diet of Nuremberg This Diet has become known mostly for the reaction of the papacy to the decision made on Martin Luther Luther at the Diet of Worms the previous year. The new pope, Adrian VI , sent his nuncio Chieregati to the Diet, to insist both that the edict of Worms be executed, and that action be taken promptly against Luther. This demand, however, was coupled with a promise of thorough reform in the Roman hierarchy, and openly admitted the partial guilt of the Vatican in the decline of the Church. In the recess drafted on 9 February 1523, however, the German princes rejected this appeal. Using Adrian s admissions, they declared that they could not have it appear as though they wished to oppress evangelical truth and assist unchristian and evil abuses. 1524 Diet of Nuremberg This Diet generally took the same line as the previous Diet. The Estates reiterated their decision from the previous Diet. The Cardinal legate, Campeggio, who was present, showed his disgust at the behaviour of the Estates. On 18 April, the Estates decided to call a general gathering of the German nation , to meet at Speyer the following year, and to decide what would be done until the meeting of the general council of the Church ... Nuremberg ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 Nuremberg Diary ISBN 0 306 80661 4 is Gustave Gilbert s account of and interviews he conducted during the Nuremberg Trial s of Nazism Nazi leaders, including Hermann G ring , involved in World War II and the Holocaust . Gilbert served as a prison psychologist in Nuremberg, where he had close contact with those on trial. The text is the wikt verbatim verbatim notes Gilbert took immediately after having conversations with the prisoners, information backed up by essays he asked them to write about themselves. Parts of the diary were published in 1947, and the whole thing was published in 1961, just before the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem . Category Nuremberg Trials WWII stub hist book stub ... more details
Infobox Public transit image S Bahn Netz Nuernberg 2010 12.png imagesize 350px name Nuremberg S Bahn locale Nuremberg transit type Rapid Transit , Regional rail began operation 26 September 1987 system length 229 km lines 4 stations 75 ridership 40,000 track gauge RailGauge sg standard gauge operator S Bahn N rnberg Image S Bahn Logo.svg 50px left The Nuremberg S Bahn lang de S Bahn N rnberg is an S Bahn network covering the region of Nuremberg , F rth and Erlangen which was founded in 1987 and is now integrated in the Transport Association Region Nuremberg Verkehrsverbund Gro raum N rnberg . The full length of the four current lines is about 229 kilometres. The S Bahn trains are operated by DB Regio Mittelfranken, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn Regio Bayern. Current lines File X Wagen Steuerwagen.jpg thumb right X Waggon on the station Hauptbahnhof class wikitable style margin 0.5em auto text align center style background color F0F0FF Line style background color F0F0FF Route style background color F0F0FF Opened style background color F0F0FF Length style background color F0F0FF Stations style background color FFFFFF style background color 008B00 text align center font weight bold S1 Nuremberg span style color white S1 span style padding 0.2em 1em text align left Bamberg Pommelsbrunn Hartmannshof style padding 0.2em 1em 1987 2010 style padding 0.2em 1em convert 99.6 km mi 3 abbr on 37 ... S2 Nuremberg span style color white S2 span style padding 0.2em 1em text align left Roth, Bavaria Roth ... font weight bold S3 Nuremberg span style color white S3 span style padding 0.2em 1em text align left ... color 00BFFF text align center font weight bold S4 Nuremberg span style color white S4 span ... Nuremberg U Bahn Trams in Nuremberg U1 Nuremberg U Bahn U2 Nuremberg U Bahn U3 Nuremberg U Bahn External ... Urban public transport in Germany Category Nuremberg S Bahn Category S Bahn in Germany de S Bahn N rnberg fr S Bahn de Nuremberg it S Bahn di Norimberga pl S Bahn w Norymberdze ru ... more details
Image ArenaNuernbergerVersicherung.JPG thumb right 300px The Arena N rnberger Versicherung Nuremberg Arena is an arena in Nuremberg , Germany . Nuremberg Arena opened in 2001 and holds up to 6,500 people. It is used for ice hockey , basketball and concerts . Since 2005, it is also called Arena N rnberger Versicherung . World Wrestling Entertainment hosted an event there in November 2006. Today there are playing the N rnberg Ice Tigers Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers N rnberg and the Sellbytel Baskets N rnberg . On 7 November 2009, David Haye will take on Nikolai Valuev at the Nuremberg Arena for his first heavyweight title shot. Haye was meant to be fighting Wladamir Klitschko for another form of the title in June, but pulled out due to a back injury. External links http www.arena nuernberg.de Official Site IIHF World Championship venues coord 49 25 39 N 11 07 23 E region DE BY type landmark display title Category Buildings and structures in Nuremberg Arena Category Indoor arenas in Germany Category Indoor ice hockey venues in Germany Category Basketball venues in Germany Category Sports venues in Bavaria Germany sports venue stub Bavaria struct stub bg de Arena N rnberger Versicherung fr Arena N rnberger Versicherung sk N rnberg Arena ... more details
about the set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime Nuremberg Principles the denaturalization of German Jews Nuremberg Laws The Nuremberg Code is a set of research ethics principles for human experimentation set as a result of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials at the end of the World ... and added an extra four. The ten points constituted the Nuremberg Code . Although the legal ... or German law, the Nuremberg Code and the related ref name historyandpolicy cite web url http www.historyandpolicy.org papers policy paper 03.html title Patients rights from Alder Hey to the Nuremberg ..., the Nuremberg code has also been incorporated into the law of individual states such as California , and other countries Citation needed date November 2008 . The Nuremberg code includes such principles ... and Beneficence disambiguation beneficence towards experiment participants. The ten points of the Nuremberg ... Nuremberg Code . Retrieved on August 27, 2008. ref The voluntary consent of the human subject ... , or death to the experimental subject . Reprinted from Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg ... Criminals Before the Nuernberg Nuremberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10 ref ... Nuremberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10 Retrieved on 30 March 2010. ref are available online, as are most of the other proceedings from the Nuremberg Trials. ref http www.loc.gov rr frd Military Law Nuremberg trials.html Nuremberg Trials. Retrieved on 30 March 2010. ref ... Nuremberg Principles Universal Declaration of Human Rights World Medical Association WMA div References reflist Further reading Weindling, Paul Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials Palgrave, Basingstoke 2004 Schmidt, Ulf Justice at Nuremberg. Leo Alexander and the Nazi Doctors Trial Palgrave, Basingstoke ... The Origins of Informed Consent The International Scientific Commission on Medical War Crimes, and the Nuremberg ... 1999 month title The Nuremberg Doctors Trial in Historical Context journal Bulletin of the History ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 Infobox military conflict conflict Siege of Nuremberg br Siege of N rnberg partof Thirty Years War image caption date 1632 place File Wappen von N rnberg.svg 20px alt Nuremberg , an Free imperial city Imperial City result Indecisive combatant1 flag Sweden 1562 size 25px combatant2 flag Holy Roman Empire commander1 flagicon Sweden 1562 size 25px Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Gustav II Adolph commander2 flagicon Holy Roman Empire Albrecht von Wallenstein strength1 150,000 strength2 120,000 casualties1 20,000 casualties2 20,000 campaignbox Campaignbox Thirty Years War The Siege of Nuremberg or Siege of N rnberg was a battle campaign that took place in 1632 about the Imperial City of Nuremberg during the Thirty Years War . In 1632, rather than face the numerically superior Holy Roman Empire Imperial army under the command of Albrecht von Wallenstein , Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ordered a tactical retreat into the city of Nuremberg . Wallenstein s army immediately started to investment military invest Nuremberg and laid siege to the city, waiting for hunger and epidemic s to cripple the Swedish force. It proved difficult for the besiegers to maintain the siege because the city was large and needed a large force to man the circumvallation . In Wallenstein s camp, there were 120,000 soldiers, 50,000 horses, 15,000 women, and 15,000 servants. Foraging to supply such a large static besieging force proved to be extremely difficult. Four Saxony Saxon regiments and troops from the Rhine numbering around 50,000 troops with 6,000 cannon reinforced the 70,000 regular troops and 30,000 Nuremberg militia already deployed by Gustavus Adolphus. With poor sanitation and inadequate supplies, both sides suffered from hunger, typhus and scurvy . To try to break the deadlock ... a combination of disease, hunger and battle fatalities, about 10,000 inhabitants of Nuremberg and 20,000 ... 400px coord 49 27 0 N 11 5 0 E display title DEFAULTSORT Nuremberg, 1632 Siege Category Nuremberg Category ... more details
Cleanup date November 2008 File Christkindlesmarkt nuernberg.jpg thumb upright Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg. Christkindlesmarkt is a Christmas market held annually in Nuremberg , Germany . ref name Nuremberg Stadt N rnberg. Unknown last update. . Christmas City Nuremberg . Retrieved July 08, 2007, from http www.christkindlesmarkt.de english ref . It takes place during Advent in the Hauptmarkt, the central squaree in Nuremberg s old town, and in adjoining squares and streets. With about two million visitors a year the N rnberger Christkindlesmarkt is one of the largest Christmas markets in Germany and one of the most famous in the world. Every year the Christmas market begins on the Friday preceding the first Sunday in Advent and ends on December 24, unless that day is a Sunday. History Despite intense investigations carried out by several historians and people interested in local history, the origins of the N rnberger Christkindlesmarkt are unknown. The oldest piece of evidence relating to it is a box made of coniferous wood. On the bottom can be found the following inscription Regina Susanna Har d rfferin from the virgin Susanna Eleonora Erbsin or Elbsin sent to the Kindles Marck in 1628. The box is currently in the possession of the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg. In official documents, the words Kindleinbescheren handing out presents to children or Weihnachtszeit Christmas time are used from 1610 onwards. It is not clear, however, whether these words have anything to do ... was the Nuremberg Hauptmarkt. It was, however, relocated to other places such as the Fleischbr cke .... Christkind Christkindlesmarkt could be translated word for word as Christ Child Market . The Nuremberg ... 345 christkindlesmarkt Video Christkindlesmarkt Category Christmas markets Nuremberg, Christkindlesmarkt Category Christmas in Germany Category Festivals in Germany Category Nuremberg Category Visitor attractions in Nuremberg Festival stub de N rnberger Christkindlesmarkt it Christkindlesmarkt Norimberga ... more details
File Nuremberg Funnel ad stamp 1910.jpg thumb 1910 Nuremberg poster stamp depicting the Nuremberg funnel Nuremberg Funnel German N rnberger Trichter is a jocular description of a mechanical way of learning and teaching. On the one hand, it evokes the image of a student learning his lessons with this kind of teaching method almost without effort and on the other hand, a teacher teaching everything to even the stupidest pupil. Etymology The phrase Nuremberg Funnel , familiar in German speaking countries, has its origin in the title of a poetics textbook by the founders of the Pegnesischer Blumenorden and the Nuremberg poet, Georg Philipp Harsd rffer 1607 1658 , which appeared in Nuremberg in 1647 under the title of Poetischer Trichter. Die Teutsche Dicht und Reimkunst, ohne Behuf der lateinischen Sprache, in VI Stunden einzugie en Poetic funnel. The art of German poetry and rhyme, without using the Latin language, poured in VI hours . ref Georg Philipp Harsd rffer Poetischer Trichter. Die Teutsche Dicht und Reimkunst ohne Behuf der Lateinischen Sprache in VI Stunden einzugiessen. Samt einem Anhang Von der Rechtschreibung und Schriftscheidung oder Distinction . Durch ein Mitglied der hochl blichen Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft . Zum zweiten Mal aufgelegt und an vielen Orten vermehret. N rnberg Gedruckt bey Wolfgang Endter, N rnberg 1648 1653 Library of the Germanischer Nationalmuseum, shelf mark 80 01 164 1, collection N 943 First edition 1647. ref Because of the wide distribution of the work, the expression Nuremberg funnel became a common idiomatic expression. The idiom, to funnel something in to drum something in or to get something funneled in to get something drummed in is even older than the image of the Nuremberg Funnel it was first recorded in the collection of proverbs by Sebastian Franck in 1541 but without reference to the city of Nuremberg ... by Emeli Werzinger. Nuremberg Sebaldus Verlag, 1946, 12 pages, IDN 354205862. Hans Recknagel ... more details
Infobox religious building building name Frauenkirche br Church of Our Lady image Nuremberg Frauenkirche.jpg image size caption West facade of the Frauenkirche location Nuremberg geo religious affiliation Roman Catholic rite region consecration year 1358 status Parish Church functional status heritage designation leadership website architecture yes architect architecture type Church architecture style Gothic architecture Gothic general contractor facade direction W groundbreaking 1352 year completed 1361 construction cost specifications no capacity 25000 length width width nave height max Image N rnberg Frauenkirche 1696.jpg thumb right 200px Print showing the interior of the church in 1696. The Frauenkirche in English, Church of Our Lady is a church in Nuremberg , Germany . It stands on the eastern side of the main market. An example of brick Gothic architecture, it was built on the initiative of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor between 1352 and 1362. The church contains many sculptures, some of them heavily restored. Numerous works of art from the Middle Ages are kept in the church, such as the so called Tucher Altar c. 1440, originally the high altar of the Augustinian church of St ... , the seven Prince elector Electors , the town of Nuremberg, and the city of Rome , where the Holy .... Beginning in 1423, the Imperial Regalia was kept permanently in Nuremberg and displayed ... Nuremberg Rally , the final scene consists of a military parade through downtown Nuremberg, with Adolf Hitler shown receiving salutes from Nazi troops with the Nuremberg Frauenkirche in the background ... . Image Hitler 1928.jpg thumb right 200px Adolf Hitler with the Nuremberg Frauenkirche in the background, 1928. Commons category Frauenkirche, NurembergNuremberg Frauenkirche coord 49.454 N 11.078 E ... in Germany Category Churches in Bavaria Category Buildings and structures in Nuremberg Category Visitor attractions in Nuremberg Category Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor de Frauenkirche N rnberg es Iglesia ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 class wikitable style float right align center colspan 2 style color white background color 00BFFF S4 align center colspan 2 Stations Transfers colspan 2 as from 2010 at the moment span style color FF0000 DB span N rnberg Hauptbahnhof Hauptbahnhof span style color 00008B U1 span , span style color FF7F00 U11 span , span style color CD0000 U2 span , span style color FFD700 U21 span , span style color 00868B U3 span , span style color 008B00 S1 span , span style color 8B2323 S2 span , span style color FF0000 S3 span , span style color FF0000 DB span Schweinau Nuremberg U Bahn Schweinau span style color CD0000 U2 span , span style color FFD700 U21 span N rnberg S dwestpark S dwestpark under construction Unterasbach Oberasbach Anwanden Ro tal Ro tal Wegbr cke Raitersaich Heilsbronn Petersaurach Nord under construction Wicklesgreuth span style color FF0000 DB span Sachsen Ansbach span style color FF0000 DB span The S4 is a line on the Nuremberg S Bahn as from 2010. Category Nuremberg S Bahn lines ... more details
Infobox film name Judgment at Nuremberg image 170592 Judgment at Nuremberg Posters.jpg caption film poster writer Abby Mann starring Spencer Tracy br Burt Lancaster br Richard Widmark br Marlene Dietrich br Judy Garland br Maximilian Schell br Werner Klemperer br Montgomery Clift director Stanley Kramer ... 179 minutes country Film US language English budget gross Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American drama film dealing with the Holocaust and the Post World War II Nuremberg Trials . It was written ... in Germany. The film was inspired by the Judges Trial before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1947 ... woman, and capital punishment put to death in 1942. Synopsis Judgment at Nuremberg centers ... faculty projects ftrials nuremberg JudgmentAtNuremberg.html title Judgment at Nuremberg ... did the educated stand aside? Because they loved their country. ref Film debuts Judgment at Nuremberg ... at Nuremberg awards title NY Times Judgment at Nuremberg accessdate 2008 12 24 work NY Times ref This is one ... Top 10 Ten top Ten after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Judgment at Nuremberg ... List of Holocaust films Trial movies War crimes trials Nuremberg Trials film a Soviet film on the trials References Reflist External links commonscat Judgment at Nuremberg 1961 film IMDb title 0055031 Judgment at Nuremberg Allmovie title 63796 Judgment at Nuremberg tcmdb title id 22842 http www.americanrhetoric.com ... Stanley Kramer Films AFI 10 Top 10 DEFAULTSORT Judgment At Nuremberg Category 1961 films ... Adapted Screenplay Academy Award Category Films about capital punishment Category United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals Judgment at Nuremberg film Category World War II trials films Category Black and white films ca Els judicis de Nuremberg de Das Urteil von N rnberg el es Judgment at Nuremberg fr Jugement Nuremberg ko it Vincitori e vinti film he nl Judgment at Nuremberg ja pl Wyrok w Norymberdze pt Judgment at Nuremberg ... more details
about the denaturalization of German Jews Nuremberg Laws the set of research ethics principles for human experimentation Nuremberg Code The Nuremberg principles were a set of guidelines for determining ... Nations to Codification law codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazism ... to the time of the Nuremberg Trials , this excuse was known in common parlance as Superior Orders . After the prominent, high profile event of the Nuremberg Trials, that excuse is now referred to by many as Nuremberg Defense . In recent times, a third term, lawful orders has become common parlance ..., depending on the context in which they are used. Nuremberg Principle IV is legally supported ... the progressive development of international law and its Codification law codification . The Nuremberg ... community that such practice is required as a matter of law. For example, the Nuremberg Trials were a practice of the international law of the Nuremberg Principles and that practice ... of international law recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the judgment of the Tribunal ... constituted principles of international law. The conclusion was that since the Nuremberg Principles ... crimes for examples relating to Principle IV from before, during, and after the Nuremberg Trials Superior Orders The 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Concerning Nuremberg Principle ... the use of the Nuremberg Defense in relation to charges of genocide and crimes against humanity, does however, appear to allow the Nuremberg Defense to be used as a protection against charges of war ... unlawful. The order could be considered unlawful if we consider Nuremberg Principles Principle IV Nuremberg Principle IV to be the applicable law in this case. If so, then the defendant is not protected. Discussion as to whether or not Nuremberg Prinicple IV is the applicable law in this case is found in Nuremberg Principles The Principles.27 power or lack of power a discussion of the Nuremberg ... more details
Cleanup date May 2009 Peter Henlein made watches in Nuremberg at the beginning of the sixteenth century and these are commonly called Nuremberg eggs . This name is regarded as a myth , resulting from a mistranslation of a sentence in Rabelais . He mentioned little clocks ueurlein and the translator mistook this for eierlein , little eggs . ref For example Bruton, Eric, The History of Clocks and Watches , 1979, page 109. ref As the translator would have been reading the French text he could not have misinterpreted the French word perhaps montre or petite horloge . Either he wrote eierlein erroneously which is unlikely or the mistake was made by the German typesetter misreading the hand written text. References reflist Category Horology Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Infobox Airport name Nuremberg Airport nativename Flughafen N rnberg nativename a nativename r image ... GmbH city served location Nuremberg hub Air Berlin elevation f 1,046 elevation m 319 coordinates Coord 49 29 55 N 011 04 41 E type airport region DE display inline,title name Nuremberg Airport website ... AIP http www.ead.eurocontrol.int publicuser protect pu main.jsp EAD Basic ref Nuremberg Airport lang ... area of Nuremberg and the second busiest airport in Bavaria . The airport is ranked 10th among ... Motorways & federal roads around NurembergNuremberg Airport is located convert 5 km abbr on north ref ... in the arrival hall. The Nuremberg U Bahn U Bahn rapid transit Metro line U2 connects the airport with the centre ... car parking spaces over 9,000 History Nuremberg Airport was the first newly constructed airport in Germany ... to be welcomed at Nuremberg Airport reached 100.000 for the first time and in 1961 the runway was extended ... of a jumbo jet . On July 12, 1970, a Boeing 747 touched down in Nuremberg for the first time and attracted ... in Nuremberg File Airport Nurnberg DC 10 Turkish Airlines.jpg thumb Aerial shot from the mid 1980 ... mark was passed for the first time. In 1997 98, the winter hub of Air Berlin was established at Nuremberg ... time. In 2005, Nuremberg Airport celebrated its 50th anniversary with 45,000 visitors. The new ... later in 2006. In addition, a fully automatic luggage sorting system was launched. Nuremberg Airport ..., Nuremberg Airport is not licensed for Airbus A380 . Since July 2009, the runway is being refurbished ... passenger terminals at Nuremberg Airport two departure halls and one arrival hall. The extension of departure ... construction made of steel and glass drafted by Nuremberg architects Grabow and Hoffmann. The construction ... In 1987, Cargo Center Nuremberg CCN was put into operation. When the Cold War ended and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nuremberg won back its central location in Europe. As a consequence Nuremberg Airport and Cargo airline air freight quickly gained in importance in the 1990s. Nuremberg ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Infobox royalty name Elisabeth of Nuremberg title Electress Palatine of the Rhine br Queen of the Romans image Ruprecht III Pfalz .jpg image size 200px caption Elisabeth and her husband, Rupert of Germany house House of Hohenzollern birth date 1358 death date 26 July 1411 aged 53 father Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg mother Elisabeth of Meissen spouse Rupert of Germany , Elector Palatine of the Rhine, King of the Romans issue Rupert Pipan br Margaret of the Palatinate br Frederick of the Palatinate br Louis III, Count Palatine of the Rhine br Agnes of the Palatinate br Elisabeth of the Palatinate br John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt br Stefan, Count Palatine of Simmern Zweibr cken br Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach Elisabeth of Nuremberg 1358 26 July 1411 was the daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen . She was a member of the House of Hohenzollern , and the wife of Rupert of Germany . In 1398, she became the Electress Palatine of the Rhine, and in 1400 she became Queen of the Romans. Marriage and children She was born in 1358, and on 27 June 1374 married Rupert of Germany Rupert , then heir to the Count Palatine of the Rhine Elector Palatine , Rupert II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine Rupert II . Elisabeth became Electress Palatine when Rupert succeeded to his father s estate 6 January 1398, and Queen of the Romans ... bfc boxstyle 5 background color 9fe 1 1. Elisabeth of Nuremberg 2 2. Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg 3 3. Elisabeth of Meissen 4 4. John II, Burgrave of Nuremberg 5 5. Elisabeth of Henneberg 6 6 ... 8 8. Frederick IV, Burgrave of Nuremberg 9 9. Margarete of G rz 10 10. de Berthold VII. Berthold ... 16 16. Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg 17 17. Helene of Saxony 18 18. Albrecht of Kaernten Tyrol ... Persondata . NAME Nuremberg, Elisabeth Of ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1358 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 26 July 1411 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nuremberg, Elisabeth Of Category ... more details
held annually at the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg from 1933 to 1938 and are thus usually referred to in English as the Nuremberg Rallies . History and purpose The first rallies by the NSDAP took place in 1923 in Munich and 1926 in Weimar . From 1927 on, they ran exclusively in Nuremberg . Nuremberg ... by Gauleiter Julius Streicher . The Nuremberg police were sympathetic to the event. Later, the location ... half a million from all sections of the party, the army and the state. The Nuremberg Rallies File ... honouring of dead at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally. Schutzstaffel SS leader Heinrich Himmler ... 1935.jpg thumb 200px right Stamp from the 1935 Nuremberg Rally. Each rally was given a programmatic ... on January 27, 1923. 1923 &ndash The German day rally was held in Nuremberg on September 1 ... Wehrmacht was made at this rally, and the Nuremberg Laws were introduced. 1936 &ndash The 8th Party ... ignited World War II . Procedure The primary aspect of the Nuremberg Rallies was to strengthen the personality ... at the 1936 Nuremberg Party Rally German Propaganda Archive ref Propaganda movies Official ... by Julius Streicher , the Gauleiter of Nuremberg , later by Hanns Kerrl . These were larger ... items. ref http www.worldfuturefund.org wffmaster Reading Party 20Day Nurembergdoc.htm THE NUREMBERG PARTEITAG RALLIES ref See also commonscat Nuremberg Rallies Commons Nazi Party Rally Ground ... Reading Party 20Day Nurembergdoc.htm A summary of the Nuremberg books from the World Future Fund ... Nuremberg da Reichsparteitag de Reichsparteitag el es Congresos de N remberg fr Congr s de Nuremberg ga Ard Fheis N rnberg ko it Raduno di Norimberga lt Niurnbergo ... de Nuremberg ru sr fi N rnbergin puoluep iv t sv Reichsparteitag th ... more details
Infobox tram network color name Nuremberg tramway network system logo image N Wagen363.jpg caption A type N8 NF tram arriving at the N rnberg Hauptbahnhof stop, 2007. Operation locale Nuremberg , Bavaria , Germany First era era1 name Horsecar era1 start year Start date 1881 era1 end year End date 1898 era1 state show era1 system era1 status Closed era1 routes era1 owner era1 operator era1 gauge RailGauge sg era1 propulsion system Horses era1 el era1 depot era1 stock era1 single track length era1 double track length era1 total track length era1 route length era1 pass year era1 passengers era1 pass percent era1 pass system era1 mpassengers era1 map era1 website Second era era2 name Electric tram era2 start year since Start date 1896 era2 end year era2 state show era2 system era2 status Open era2 routes era2 owner era2 operator era2 gauge RailGauge sg era2 propulsion system Electricity era2 ... center 250px Nuremberg tramway network, 2010. era3 website http www.wvv.de Verkehrs Aktiengesellschaft N rnberg de icon The Nuremberg tramway network lang de Stra enbahnnetz N rnberg forms part of the public transport system in Nuremberg , in the States of Germany federal state of Bavaria , Germany ... million passengers annually. History Lines The Nuremberg tramway network is presently made up of the following ... Hallertor Friedrich Ebert Platz, Nuremberg Friedrich Ebert Platz Thon, Nuremberg Thon align ... Hauptbahnhof Rathenauplatz, Nuremberg Rathenauplatz Erlenstegen align center 28 ca. 40 min. align ... See also portalbox Trains Bavaria List of town tramway systems in Germany Nuremberg S Bahn Nuremberg ... und F rth von 1881 bis 1981 trans title City Transport in Nuremberg and F rth from 1881 to 1981 ... von 1982 bis 2008 trans title Local Transport in Nuremberg and F rth from 1982 to 2008 last first ... 125 Jahre Nahverkehr in N rnberg trans title 125 Years Local Transport in Nuremberg last first ... title Category Transport in Nuremberg Category Tram transport in Germany Nuremberg de Stra enbahn ... more details
image Nuremberg chronicles f 4v.png right thumbnail 240px Fifth day image Liber Chronicarum.jpg right thumbnail A 1493 edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle, preserved in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History Italic title The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated Biblical paraphrase and world history that follows the story of human history related in the Bible it includes the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel , with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best documented early printed books an incunabulum printed, not hand written and one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text. Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum Book of Chronicles as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English language English speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German ... 1493 in the city of Nuremberg . This was quickly followed by a German language German translation ... thumb A typical opening, uncoloured Image Nuremberg chronicles Bottom of Page CCXVIIv .jpg thumb ..., and the doodle in the margin below The large workshop of Michael Wolgemut , then Nuremberg s leading ... of Nuremberg is given a double page illustration with no text. The illustration for the city of Venice ... Reflist External links commonscat Nuremberg Chronicle wikisourcelang de Schedel sche Weltchronik Schedel sche Weltchronik http www.beloit.edu nuremberg inside about index.htm Beloit College s extensive ... 1981.1178.29.htm More views from the Metropolitan Museum s uncoloured copy Rome, Nuremberg, saints http www.mirroroftheworld.com.au inspiration printed nuremberg online.php Online images of an uncoloured ... Schedel Die Schedelsche Weltchronik es Las Cr nicas de Nuremberg hu N rnbergi Kr nika id Kronik Nuremberg ... pl Liber Chronicarum pt Cr nica de Nuremberg fi Liber Chronicarum ... more details
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