Image Bracteate from Funen, Denmark DR BR42 .jpg right thumb Bracteate Alu runic DR BR42 DR BR42 bearing the inscription Alu runic Alu . A bracteate from the Latin bractea , a thin piece of metal is a flat, thin, single sided gold medal worn as jewelry that was produced in Northern Europe predominantly during the Migration Period of the Germanic Iron Age including the Vendel era in Sweden . The term is also used for later silver coins produced in central Europe during the early Middle Ages . There are also similar pieces from the neighboring Huns and from their invasion of India in the style of Gupta Empire Gupta and Roman currency Roman coinage . Gold bracteates from the Migration Period Image Vadstena brakteaten, Nordisk familjebok.png thumb right The Vadstena bracteate , a typical C bracteate. Gold bracteates commonly denote a certain type of jewelry, made mainly in the 5th to 7th century AD, represented by numerous gold specimens. Bead rimmed and fitted with a loop, most were intended to be worn suspended by a string around the neck, supposedly as an amulet . The gold for the bracteates came from coins paid as peace money by the Roman Empire to their Northern Germanic neighbors. ref name OLDTIDENS Poul Kj rum, Rikke Agnete Olsen. Oldtidens Ansigt Faces of the Past 1990 , ISBN 9788774682745 ref Motifs Image Welschingen B.jpg thumb B bracteate of the B7 or F rstenberg type, found ... protection to the one who wears it , Vadstena bracteate Vadstena giving a listing of the Elder Futhark combined with a potential magical inscription and Tjurk bracteate Tjurk featuring an inscription ... cantons of Switzerland , bracteate like rappen , Heller money heller , and angster were produced during the 18th century. The term bracteate for these coins was not used contemporarily. It was first used ..., 375 BC 550 AD, Bracteate http www.canterburytrust.co.uk schools gallery gall04c.htm Canterbury Archaeological ... content.html Pfennig or bracteate, 0.89 g, silver, from Halberstadt, around 1200 http www215.pair.com ... more details
Image Vadstena brakteaten, Nordisk familjebok.png thumb right The Vadstena bracteate. The Vadstena bracteate Rundata g 178 is a gold bracteate C bracteate found in the earth at Vadstena , Sweden , in 1774 ref name nfvadstena Nordisk Familjebok , Owl Edition, page 262 263 http runeberg.org nfck 0149.html ref . Along with the bracteate was a gold ring and a piece of gold sheet all were about melted down by a goldsmith who was stopped by a local clergyman . ref name runor cite book last Enoksen first Lars Magnar authorlink coauthors title Runor publisher Historiska Media date 1998 location Falun pages 44 url doi id isbn 91 88930 32 7 ref The bracteate was stolen in 1938 from the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities and has not yet been found. The bracteate is believed to have been made about AD 500. In the middle of the bracteate is a four legged animal with a man s head above it, and in front of this a bird separated from the other image by a line. ref name nfvadstena The image is commonly associated with Odin in bracteate iconography The bracteate is most famous for containing a full listing of the Elder Futhark Runic alphabet . The entire inscription reads ref name nfvadstena ref name runor tuwatuwa fu arkgw hnij pzs tbeml o d The last rune d is hidden below the necklace holder piece that has been molded on top of the bracteate, but archaeologists know what it is because a duplicate bracteate was found in Motala http www.historiska.se collections shm bild visa stor.asp?ID 154 image which read t uwatuwa fu arkgw hnij pzs tbeml od . The first part of the inscriptions is not yet understood but is assumed to be associated with magic, this is however a common stock explanation to runes not yet deciphered. ref name runor The Motala bracteate has been struck with the same die ... bracteate probably also inspired by the 1906 find is that two identical bracteates have been found ... See also Kylver Stone Runic magic Seeland II C Sj lland bracteate 2 Category Runic inscriptions ... more details
Image Grumpanbrakteaten.jpg thumb right The Grumpan bracteate. The Grumpan bracteate , designated as runic inscription Vg 207 by Rundata , is a gold bracteate C bracteate found in V sterg tland , Sweden in 1911. Runic inscription The Grumpan bracteate is notable as it has a sequential listing of the elder futhark runic alphabet Image Grumpanbrakteaten futhark.jpg 500px Transliteration fu arkgw hnij p z ... tbeml o d ref name Rundata http www.nordiska.uu.se forskn samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata . ref Scandinavia Scandinavian runemaster s from an early date divided the twenty four runes of the elder futhark into three groups of eight runes called an Norse clans tt . ref name Page Cite book last Page first Raymond I. authorlink Raymond Ian Page title An Introduction to English Runes publisher Methuen & Co date 1973 location pages 62 url http books.google.com books?id 7cgOAAAAQAAJ&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn ref On the Grumpan bracteate, the runes of each tt are separated by a row of dots. ref name Page Other elder futhark inscriptions Because the Grumpan bracteate is damaged, it does not indicate every rune of the elder futhark. ref name Elliott Cite book last Elliott first Ralph Warren Victor authorlink Ralph Warren Victor Elliott title Runes An Introduction publisher Manchester University Press date 1959 location pages 14 url http books.google.com books?id SDS8AAAAIAAJ&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn 0 7190 0787 9 ref The Kylver stone has the entire listing of the elder furthark, and portions of the sequential listing have also been found on the Vadstena bracteate , Charnay Fibula , and a pillar found at Breza near Sarajevo . ref name Elliott References references Category Runic inscriptions Category Bracteates Category Proto Norse language it Bratteato di Grumpan ru Vg 207, sv Grumpanbrakteaten ... more details
coord 52.40 N 00.48 E region GB display title Infobox artefact name Undley bracteate image image caption material gold size convert 2.3 cm in abbr on diameter discovered Undley Common, near Lakenheath , Suffolk writing Runic , Old English created 5th century period Early Anglo Saxon location Room 41, British Museum , London id registration British Museum db 1984,1101.1 id 94643 RunicChars The Undley bracteate is a 5th century bracteate found in Undley Common, near Lakenheath , Suffolk . It bears the earliest known inscription that can be argued to be in Anglo Frisian Futhorc as opposed to Common Germanic Elder Futhark . The image on the bracteate is an adaptation of an Urbs Roma coin type issued by Constantine the Great , conflating the helmeted head of the emperor and the image of Romulus and Remus suckled by the wolf on one face. With a diameter of 2.3 cm, it weighs 2.24 grams. It may have originated in northern Germany or southern Scandinavia , and been brought to England with an early Anglo Saxons Anglo Saxon settler. The inscription reads right to left around the circumference of the obverse side, terminating at the image of the wolf g g og m g medu The o is the earliest known instance of the Ansuz rune os rune runic contrasting with the sc rune runic . The three syllables of the initial word g gog are written as bind rune s, with side twigs attached to the X shape of the gyfu rune to represent the vowels and o . The words m g medu are interpreted as meaning wikt med Old English meed for the wikt m g kinsmen , i.e. reward for relatives , referring to the bracteate itself. The word g gog appears to be some magical invocation .... Odemstedt, The Undley bracteate and its runic inscription , Studien zur Sachsenforschungen, 6 1987 ... British Series 124 Oxford, 1984 , pp. 204 9. S. E. West, Gold bracteate from Undley, Suffolk ... highlights highlight objects pe mla g gold bracteate 1.aspx Gold bracteate at the British Museum Category ... more details
Image Tjurko bracteate replica.jpg 200px thumb brass replica of Tjurk 1 the eye is not reproduced The Tjurk Bracteates , listed by Rundata as DR BR75 and DR BR76, are two bracteate s coins found on Tjurk , Eastern Hundred , Blekinge , Sweden , bearing Elder Futhark rune runic inscriptions, in Proto Norse . Description The Tjurko bracteates were discovered in 1817 near Tjurk when cultivating, for the first time, a field on a stoney hill. ref name Montelius Montelius & Lindberg 1869 49 . ref The bracteates were in the roots of the grass among the rocks. Also discovered with the bracteates was a gold coin of Theodosius II dated from 443 AD. ref name Montelius The Tjurk 1 bracteate is dated to the Germanic Iron Age between 400 and 650 AD and is now at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities SHM 1453 25 . It is a typical C bracteate, similar to the Vadstena bracteate , and shows a stylized head in the center above a horse and beneath a bird. This iconography is usually interpreted as depicting an early form of the Norse god Odin with his associated animals, a horse and raven. Inscription Tjurk 1 bracteate RunicChars The inscription of the Tjurk 1 bracteate reads runic Transliteration wurte runoz an walhakurne heldaz kunimudiu ref name Rundata http www.nordiska.uu.se forskn samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for DR BR75 and DR BR76. ref Proto Norse transcription Wurte runoz an walhakurne Heldaz Kunimundiu ... name Rundata There is a consensus that walha kurne is a compound word referring to the bracteate ... protection. Tjurk 2 bracteate The Tjurk 2 bracteate is dated to the same period and has an inscription ... runeinnskrifter4.htm http skaldic.arts.usyd.edu.au db.php?if srdb&table mss&id 21757 Tjurk 1 bracteate Map and Rundata http www.arild hauge.com arild hauge DR BR76.jpg Photograph of Tjurk 2 bracteate DEFAULTSORT Tjurko bracteate Category Bracteates Category Runic inscriptions Category Proto Norse ... more details
Image Brakteat Odin Runen.jpg 250px thumb right The Seeland II C bracteate. Seeland II C Sj lland bracteate 2 is a Scandinavian bracteate from Zealand Denmark Zealand , Denmark dating to the Migration period around 500 AD . The bracteate bears an Elder Futhark inscription which reads as hariuha haitika farauisa gibu auja ttt The final ttt is a triple Tiwaz rune Multiple Tiwaz runes stacked Tiwaz rune . This use of the rune is often interpreted as three invocations of the Norse god Tyr . ref cite book last Spurkland first Terje authorlink title Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions publisher Boydell Press date 2005 location pages 12 url http books.google.com books?id 1QDKqY NWvUC&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn 1 84383 186 4 ref The central image shows a male s head above a quadruped. This is the defining characteristic of C bracteates of which some 400 specimens survive , and is often interpreted as a depiction of Odin healing his horse. Krause translates the inscription as Hariuha I am called the dangerous knowledgeable one I give chance. ref name KRAUSE Krause, W. Die Sprache der urnordischen Runeninschriften ref farauisa is interpreted as fara uisa , either danger wise or travel wise . Moltke translates this word as one who is wise about dangers . ref name MOLTKE Erik Moltke Moltke, Erik Runerne i Danmark og deres Oprindelse . Published in English as Runes and their Origin Denmark and Elsewhere ref See also Merseburg Incantations Vadstena bracteate References reflist External links Kodratoff, Yves. http www.nordic life.org nmh runic.htm Runic Inscriptions Transcriptions with interpretations by Krause, Moltke, Antonsen and the author see http www.nordic life.org nmh Krause2.htm Runic Inscriptions from the Second Period no. 81 . Category Archaeology of Denmark Category Bracteates Category Proto Norse language Category Runic inscriptions de Brakteat Seeland II C es Seeland II C it Seeland II C ... more details
Use mdy dates date September 2010 taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Malpighiales familia Salicaceae genus Willow Salix species S. sericea binomial Salix sericea binomial authority Marsh. Salix sericea , also known as silky willow , is a shrub in the Salicaceae family that grows in swamps and along rivers in eastern United States and Canada. It is 2 4 m tall and has long, thin, purplish twigs. The leaves are 6 10 cm long, 7 8 mm wide, wikt lanceolate lanceolate , wikt acuminate acuminate , wikt serrulat serrulate , dark green and lightly hairy on top, and light green and densely covered with white silky hairs underneath. Mature leaves are wikt glabrous glabrous . The Petiole botany petiole s are 1 cm long. Catkin s are wikt sessile sessile and usually wikt bracteate bracteate . Salix sericea blooms in May and fruits in June. External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SASE USDA profile for Salix sericea Category Salix sericea salicaceae stub az Salix sericea es Salix sericea ... more details
Seeland may refer to Seeland, Germany , a municipality in the Salzlandkreis district, in Saxony Anhalt, Germany Seeland Switzerland Drei Seen Land a region on the Swiss Plateau, Switzerland Seeland Region Verwaltungsregion Seeland , Switzerland Seeland administrative district , Switzerland Seeland II C a Scandinavian C bracteate Seeland Records an independent record label created by Negativland in the 1980s Seeland , a song by German band Neu from their album Neu 75 , for which Seeland Records is named See also Zealand disambiguation includes Zeeland spellings Sealand disambiguation disambig de Seeland ... more details
File GNM Alemannische Zierscheibe.jpg thumb Alemannic Zierscheibe from Herbrechtingen 6th century File SchwarzeSonneArtifacts.JPG thumb right Zierscheiben , the left one dated to ca. AD 400. Zierscheibe German for ornamental disk in archaeology is the term for a kind of metal jewellery dating to the European Iron Age . They are found in women s graves and are thought to have been worn as pendants attached to the tunica, or as part of a belt pouch. Early examples date to the Late Bronze Age ca. 800 BC . They develop into characteristic designs notably attested from Alamannic graves from the migration period . See also Black Sun occult symbol Bracteate Brooch Fibula brooch References reflist Category Archaeological artefact types Category Types of jewellery Category Archaeology of Alemannia Category History of the Germanic peoples Europe archaeology stub de Zierscheibe it Zierscheibe ... more details
Summary Information Description Oberwerschen B bracteate IK 311 . This is one of five known F rstenberg type bracteates, showing a female figure interpreted as the goddess Frija Frigg. The bracteates are IK 259 Gro fahner B , IK 311 Oberwerschen B , IK 350 site of discovery unknown, reportedly from south western Germany , IK 389 Welschingen B , IK 391 Gudme II B Literature M. J. Enright, The Goddess Who Weaves. Some Iconographic Aspects of Bracteates of the F rstenberg Type . In FMSt 24, 1990, S. 54 70 Alexandra Pesch, Die Goldbrakteaten der V lkerwanderungszeit Thema und Variation , Walter de Gruyter, 2007 ISBN 978 3 11 020110 9, pp. 125 128. Source old photograph, original publication unknown, immediate source http www.sitecenter.dk schleu.dk nss folder mand Oberwerschen1B.JPG Date ca. 6th century Author anonymous Permission PD other versions Licensing PD old 100 ... more details
alu appears on the following bracteate s G 205, DR BR6, DR BR13, DR BR25, DR BR42, DR ... von Djupbrunns.jpg thumb right Bracteate G 205 bearing the inscription Alu . A gold bracteate G ... CE. The bracteate was discovered in the same location as another gold bracteate G 204 from a considerably younger date that features the inscription ek Erilaz erila small R small . Today the bracteate ... of a bracteate DR BR6 discovered in Skydsrup, South Jutland , Denmark bears the term Alu . The transliteration .... Laukaz alu. The fragment dates from around 400 to 650 CE. Today the bracteate is housed in the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, Denmark. ref name RUNDATA DR BR42 Image Bracteate from Funen, Denmark DR BR42 .jpg right thumb Bracteate DR BR42 bearing the inscription Alu . A bracteate discovered ... According to the objects display at the National Museum of Denmark , Copenhagen, Denmark. ref The bracteate ... la u aaduaaaliia a ref name RUNDATA DR NOR2002 10 The Upp kra bracteat Rundata DR NOR2002 10 , a Bracteate Typology C bracteate found in Upp kra , Scania , Sweden during a search with a metal detector in 2000. The bracteate bears a Proto Norse runic inscription. The transliteration reads sima ina alu ref name RUNDATA The bracteate depicts a man s head over a four legged animal. The A inscription ... more details
taxobox image regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Lamiaceae genus Salvia species S. oxyphora binomial Salvia oxyphora binomial authority John Isaac Briquet Briq. Salvia oxyphora is a herbaceous perennial that is endemism endemic to the foothills and lower eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia. It is found growing in disturbed scrub on slopes above streams in moist subtropical forest at convert 300 to 2200 m ft abbr on elevation. S. oxyphora grows to convert 1 to 1.5 m ft high, with lanceolate to ovate leaves that are convert 7 to 22 cm in abbr on long and convert 3 to 7 cm in abbr on wide. The inflorescence consists of terminal bracteate racemes that are approximately convert 7 cm in abbr on long when young, extending to a convert 20 cm in abbr on long spike. The corolla is red, convert 3 to 4 cm in abbr on long, with fine hairs that can be sparse to dense. ref name Kew cite journal last Wood first J. R. I. year 2007 title The Salvias Lamiaceae of Bolivia journal Kew Bulletin publisher Springer volume 62 issue 2 pages 177 207 jstor 20443346 ref Notes reflist Category Salvia oxyphora Category Flora of Bolivia Lamiaceae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Petrosaviaceae regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Petrosaviales ordo authority Takht. familia Petrosaviaceae familia authority Hutch. subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Japanolirion Petrosavia Petrosaviaceae is the botanical name of a family biology family of flowering plants . Such a family has been recognized by only few taxonomists the plants involved were usually treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae . The APG II system , of 2003, does recognize this family and assigns it to the clade monocots , unplaced as to order. This family then consists of two genera Japanolirion and Petrosavia . In circumscribing the family in this way, APG II departs from the APG system , of 1998, which treated each of these genera as constituting its own family. The APG III system , of 2009, place family Petrosaviaceae in order Petrosaviales. Japanolirion is taken to consist of one species and Petrosavia of three species. The plants in both genera are found in high elevation habitats and have bracteate racemes, pedicellate flowers, six persistent tepals, septal nectaries, three nearly distinct carpels, simultaneous microsporogenesis, monosulcate pollen, and follicular fruits. External links http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 2&taxon id 124741 Petrosavia in Flora of China http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Tree&id 114079&lvl 3&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser http www.csdl.tamu.edu FLORA cgi gateway family?fam Petrosaviaceae links at CSDL, Texas Category Monocot families Category Petrosaviaceae ca Petrosavi cia cs Petrosaviaceae de Petrosaviaceae es Petrosaviaceae fr Petrosaviaceae ko id Petrosaviales hu Petrosaviaceae nl Petrosaviaceae ja no Petrosaviaceae pt Petrosaviaceae ru sr Petrosaviaceae vi H V di p li n zh ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Germanic Iron Age is the name given to the period 400 800 in Northern Europe and it is part of the continental Age of Migrations . Germanic Iron The Germanic Iron Age follows the Roman Iron Age and the beginning is marked by the fall of the Roman empire and the rise of the Germanic king doms in Western Europe. In Scandinavia , it is followed by the Viking Age . It is divided into the early Germanic Iron Age EGIA and the late Germanic Iron Age LGIA . In Sweden , the LGIA 550 800 is usually referred to as the Vendel era , in Norway, the Merovinger Merovingian Age. During the fall of the Roman empire, an abundance of gold flowed into Scandinavia and there are excellent works in gold from this period. Gold was used to make scabbard mountings and bracteate s. After the Roman empire had disappeared, gold became scarce and Scandinavians began to make objects of gilded bronze, with decorations of animal style interlacing animals in Scandinavian style. The EGIA decorations show animals that are rather faithful anatomically, but in the LGIA they evolve into intricate shapes with interlace visual arts interlacing and interwoven limbs that are well known from the Viking Age . See also Stone ship Vendel era Germanic Heroic Age Merovingian Heptarchy Source and external link http www.denmark.dk portal page? pageid 374,477916& dad portal& schema PORTAL Denmark portal Timeline of Historical Scandinavia Category European archaeology Category History of the Germanic peoples Category Iron Age Europe Category Migration Period da Germansk jernalder fr ge du fer germanique it Et del ferro germanica no Merovingertiden nn Merovingartida ru sv Germansk j rn lder ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Sibbaldiopsis image Sibbaldiopsis tridentata1.jpg image caption Sibbaldiopsis tridentata regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae subfamilia Rosoideae genus Sibbaldiopsis genus authority Per Axel Rydberg Rydb. species S. tridentata binomial Sibbaldiopsis tridentata binomial authority Ait. Rydb. synonyms Potentilla tridentata small Ait. small Sibbaldiopsis is a genus in the plant family Rosaceae . formerly in Potentilla , the Three toothed Cinquefoil is the single representative of this genus. Systemic phylogenetic work has placed S. tridentata closer to Aphanes and Sibbaldia than to Potentilla Erikkson et al. 2003 . S. tridentata is commonly found in eastern Canada and parts of Greenland, south into the northeastern US, with disjunct populations extending down the Appalachian mountains. The southernmost known populations are located in Georgia and North Carolina, and occupy high elevation rock outcrops and Appalachian balds grassy balds USDA 2007 . S.tridentata is a short 0.3 3 dm tall woody perennial. It has leaves with 3 palmately arranged leaflets approximately 1 4 cm long which are toothed at the apex typically three teeth . The leaves are retained in winter, but often with a red coloring. Flowers are small and white, radial, and arranged in a compound bracteate cymbe. The individual flowers resemble flowers from the genus Potentilla Radford et al. 1968 . S. tridentata is listed as endangered in 5 US states USDA 2007 . References Erikkson T, SH Malin, AD Yoder, CF Delwiche, and MJ Donoghue. 2003 The Phylogeny of Rosoideae Rosaceae Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers ITS of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL F Region of Chloroplast DNA. Int J Plant Sci 164 197 211 Radford AE, HE Ahles, and CR Bell. 1964 Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill Press Chapel Hill, NC USDA PLANTS National Database. 2007 http plants.usda.gov java nameSe ... more details
taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Commelinales familia Commelinaceae genus Tradescantia species T. ozarkana binomial Tradescantia ozarkana binomial authority Edgar Anderson E. S. Anderson & Robert E. Woodson Woodson Tradescantia ozarkana is a species of Tradescantia . It is part of the Commelinaceae family. ref name MPlants http www.missouriplants.com Whitealt Tradescantia ozarkana page.html ref Stems The stems can grow to over 50cm tall. They grow from thickened roots and are characterized as herbaceous, typically glabrous but occasionally hirsute. The stems are glaucous and somewhat succulent . ref name MPlants Leaves The leaves are alternate and sheathing at the base, growing up to 30cm long. Each leaf is about 4cm broad. The leaves are glaucous above and below less so above , glabrous , ciliate margined, and narrowly lanceolate . ref name MPlants Inflorescence Terminal, bracteate , Umbel umbellate cyme botany cyme s are found about the flowers. The pedicel botany pedicel s are about 3cm long, glandular Indumentum pilose , and strongly recurving in fruit. ref name MPlants Flowers The flowers have three petals which are white to pink or lilac. They are glabrous and broadly ovate, about 2cm long and forming broad, distinct shapes. Each flower has six stamen s. The filaments are 3mm long and are white, with dense multicellular hairs longer than the filament attached mostly to the lower half. The anther s are yellow and are 2mm broad and 1mm long. Style 1 they are glabrous and are 2 3mm long. clarify date October 2010 The ovaries are 3 locular one ovule per locule , with erect gland tipped hairs on the summit. They have three sepals and are ovate, acute and glandular pilose externally, glabrous internally. The sepals are about 8mm long and 4mm broad with free accrescent. ref name MPlants Flowering Tradescantia ozarkana flowers from April to May. ref name MPlants Habitat The plants can be foun ... more details
Runestone Tune stone T ngelg rda stone Ulf of Borresta Undley bracteate Uppland Rune Inscriptions ... theory Vadstena bracteate Vaksala Runestone Vang stone Varangian runestones Velanda Runestone Viking ... more details
italic title unreferenced date November 2008 taxobox name E. siliculosum image image caption regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Brassicales familia Brassicaceae genus Erysimum binomial Erysimum siliculosum binomial authority Marschall von Bieberstein de Candolle , 1821 Erysimum siliculosum is a biennial or perennial herb from Xinjiang , Kazakhstan , Russia , and Turkmenistan , reaching 30 90 100 cm tall. This species inhabits sandy areas and dunes from 400 to 1400 m of altitude. Description Erysimum siliculosum produced trichomes malpighiaceous throughout, mixed with 3 forked ones on calyx. Stems erect, often branched at base and above. Basal leaves rosulate, often persisting, petiolate leaf blade filiform to linear, rarely linear oblanceolate, 1.5 8 cm 1 2 5 mm, longitudinally folded, base narrowly attenuate, margin entire, apex acute. Cauline leaves similar to basal. Reproductive biology Erysimum siliculosum flowers from May to July, depending on the altitude. Racemes are corymbose, densely flowered, ebracteate or rarely lowermost few flowers bracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels are ascending or divaricate ascending, 2 4 6 mm, stout, narrower than fruit. Sepals are oblong linear, 6 7 9 10 1 2 mm, united, persistent well after fruit maturity, strongly saccate. Petals are bright yellow, obovate or broadly spatulate, 1.1 1.4 1.8 2 cm 5 8 mm, apex rounded claw distinct, subequaling sepals. Filaments yellow, 6 10 mm anthers linear, 2 3 mm. Ovules 50 100 per ovary. Fruit are oblong to oblong linear, strongly 4 angled, slightly angustiseptate, 5 7 10 14 2 3 mm, smooth, erect and often appressed to rachis, straight valves with a prominent midvein and slightly winged keel, outside with transversely oriented malpighiaceous trichomes, inside glabrous style slender, 4 5 10 12 mm, cylindric stigma strongly 2 lobed, with lobes often divergent. Seeds are oblon ... more details
ATTENTION Please do NOT change spear to javelin on this article Gungnir is generally recognized as a spear and translated as a spear in most translations. Thank you. Image Odin Lawrie Highsmith.jpeg thumb right upright Lee Lawrie , Odin 1939 . Library of Congress John Adams Building , Washington, D.C. In Norse mythology , Gungnir Old Norse swaying one ref name ORCHARD67 Orchard 1997 67 . ref is the spear of the god Odin . Attestations Poetic Edda In the Poetic Edda poem V lusp , the sir Vanir War is described as officially starting when Odin throws a spear over the heads of an assembly of Vanir gods. Whether or not this was specifically Gungnir is, however, unstated. In Sigrdr fum l , the valkyrie Sigrdr fa advises Sigurd on the magical application of Runic alphabet Runes . She gives Sigurd advice and shares with him lore, including that runes were carved on the tip of Gungnir. Prose Edda According to chapter 51 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning , Odin will ride in front of the Einherjar while advancing on to the battle field at Ragnar k wearing a gold helmet, an impressive cloak of Mail armour mail and carrying Gungnir. He will then attack the wolf Fenrir with it. In Sk ldskaparm l , more information regarding the spear is presented. the spear was fashioned by the Dwarf Germanic mythology dwarfs known as the Sons of Ivaldi under the mastery of the blacksmith dwarf Dvalin . The spear was obtained from the dwarfs by Loki , the results of a scheme he concocted as a partial reparation for his cutting of the goddess Sif s hair. The spear is described as having the ability to always pierce cleanly through its target and as never stopping during its thrust. Archaeological record If the rider on horseback on the image on the B ksta Runestone has been correctly identified as Odin, then Odin is shown carrying Gungnir hunting an elk. ref name SILEN88 91 Sil n 1993 88 91 . ref See also Bracteate G e Bulg Gae Bolga , the Irish legendary hero C Chulainn s similar magic spea ... more details
mergefrom History of the term Vlach discuss Talk History of the term Vlach move.3F date July 2005 refimprove date September 2011 Image Tjurko bracteate replica.jpg 200px thumb Brass replica of the Tjurk Bracteate showing the name Walhaz Walhaz runic is a reconstructed Proto Germanic language Proto Germanic word, meaning foreigner , stranger , Roman , Romance speaker , or Celtic speaker . The term was used by the ancient Germanic peoples to describe inhabitants of the former Roman Empire , who were largely romanised and spoke Latin or Celtic languages. The adjectival form is attested in Old Norse valskr , meaning French , Old High German walhisk , meaning Romance , Modern German welsch , used in Switzerland for Romance languages Romance speakers, Old English welis , w lis , wilis , meaning Romano British , and Modern English Welsh people Welsh . The form of these words imply that they are descended from a Proto Germanic form walhiska . ref name Quak 2005 Arend Quak 2005 Van Ad Welschen naar Ad Waalsen of toch maar niet? , in http cf.hum.uva.nl dsp nederlandsetaalkunde NTKonderzoek quak.pdf Dutch language nl ref It is attested in the Roman Iron Age Tjurk Bracteate inscription as walhakurne Roman Gallic grain , apparently a kenning for gold referring to the bracteate itself . From Walhaz to welsch Walh is almost certainly derived from the name of the tribe which was known to the Romans as Volcae in the writings of Julius Caesar and to the Greeks as Ou lkai Strabo and Ptolemy . ref name Ringe 2009 Ringe, Don. http languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu nll ?p 1012 Inheritance versus lexical borrowing a case with decisive sound change evidence . Language Log, January 2009. ref This tribe occupied territory neighbouring that of the Germanic people and seem to have been referred to by the Old Germanic name Walhaz plural Walh z , adjectival form walhiska . It is assumed that this term specifically referred to the Celtic Volcae , because application of the first Grimm s Law G ... more details
taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperm s unranked classis Magnoliid s ordo Laurales familia Lauraceae genus Syndiclis genus authority Rohwer Syndiclis is a genus of plant in Lauraceae family, In East and South East Asia, From India and China to Indonesia with 12 species known. Overview It is a genus of aromatic plant sexuality dioecious evergreen hermaphrodite shrubs and trees occurring in Asia. About ten species in Bhutan and China nine species, all endemic in China. ref http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 2&taxon id 132084 ref The genus is characterized by an extremely rare combination of characters that have occurred in the species in its own distinct genus. There is little information regarding the species due to its scarcity. Characteristics They are evergreen monoecious shrubs and trees of 2.5 m to large trees to 45 m tall. Evergreen trees with lauroide leaves subopposite or alternate, or clustered at apex of branchlet, pinninerved. Panicle axillary, pedunculate, bracteate or ebracteate bracts and bracteoles subulate, minute, caducous. Small flowers bisexual, pedicellate, 2 merous. Perianth tube obconical perianth 4 or 5 or 6 lobes, broadly ovate triangular or transversely oblong, small perianth wholly deciduous. 4 or 5 or 6 fertile stamens, antitepalous, always exserted, hairy and glandular filaments short anthers broadly ovate, dilated, 2 celled or fused into 1 cell cells introrse. 4 small staminodes, linear or lanceolate, densely hairy, enveloping ovary in an arc when in bud. Ovary ovoid conical, glabrous, attenuate at apex into a style stigma is small. The fruit is a large berry, a drupe containing a single seed . The berry is globose or turbinate or oblate. The peduncle and pedicel is indistinctive when in fruit, all thickened after anthesis. Plants of Syndiclis have large oily fruits and the oil extracted is edible and is also used in industry. Ecology Evergreen endemic species of the tropical seasonal semi deciduous montane forest ... more details
Snoldelev Stone from Rams , Denmark, and numerous Migration Period bracteate s. The swastika ... A number of bracteate s, with or without runic inscriptions, show a swastika. Most of these bracteates ... more details
name TARRIN8 Tarrin 2006 8 . ref blockquote Archaeological record Image Bracteate from Funen, Denmark DR BR42 .jpg thumb A Bracteate Typology C type bracteate Alu runic DR BR42 DR BR42 featuring a figure ... by a serpent Migration Period 5th and 6th century AD gold bracteate s types A, B, and C feature ... more details
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